At the inaugural meeting of the Obstetrical Society of London in December 1858 the Chairman and first President, Edward Rigby, stated that the meeting was for the purpose of inaugurating a society to be devoted to advancing the knowledge of obstetrics and of the diseases of women and children. Membership was open to all practitioners in London and the provinces. During its lifetime the Society published annual volumes of Transactions of its meetings. It met for the last time in July 1907, in which year it was absorbed into the Royal Society of Medicine.
Sean O'Casey was born John Casey in Dublin in 1880. He joined the Gaelic League in 1906 with the intention of learning the Irish language, adopting the name Seán O'Cathasaigh, but later re-Anglicizing the surname as O'Casey. He also became involved in the Irish Transport and General Workers Union set up by Jim Larkin to represent unskilled workers and in 1914 became General Secretary of Larkin's Irish Citizens Army. He had several works performed at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin in the 1920s but after his play The Silver Tassle was rejected by the Abbey in 1929 he severed all links with the theatre. He then moved to England where he wrote Within the Gates in 1934, Purple Dust in 1940 and Red Roses for Me in 1953. He died of a heart attack in Torquay in 1964.
The Pensions Advisory Service was formed in May 1983 and is an independent voluntary organisation providing information and guidance to the public on pensions matters, covering state, company, personal and stakeholder schemes. The Pensions Advisory Service also provides assistance with problems relating to occupational or private pensions. Initially named The Occupational Pensions Advisory Service (OPAS), this was changed to The Pensions Advisory Service in Dec 2004.
Source of information: http://www.pensionsadvisoryservice.org.uk/ [accessed 16 May 2010].
The Occupational Pensions Defence Union Limited (OPDU) provides insurance cover and risk management services to pension fund trustees, administrators and employers to protect pension schemes. It was launched in 1997, after a group of pensions managers and lawyers recognised that operators of occupational pensions schemes had an increased need for protection as demands were made for regulatory measures to safeguard the benefits of pension fund holders in the wake of the Maxwell scandal.
Initial meetings facilitated by the National Association of Pension Funds led to the formation of a Steering Committee established by Jonathan Bull, chaired by Alan Herbert. This Steering Committee worked with the insurance provider Thomas Miller and Company Limited to develop an insurance facility for pension schemes trustees and administrators. The Steering Committee was replaced with an Advisory Council of members in 1998. In 2011 over 750 pension schemes and £180 billion of pension fund assets were insured by OPDU, who also provides its members with advisory and claims services, and offers training in risk management for trustees. In July 2015 Jonathan Bull retired from OPDU.
Source of information includes: http://www.opdu.com/ [accessed 6 Jun 2011]
No further information.
Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation Limited, insurance company, of 36-44 Moorgate Street (in 1901). The company was established in 1871 as the Ocean Railway and General Travellers' Assurance Company Limited; it became the Ocean Railway and General Accident Assurance Company Limited in 1875. It amalgamated in 1890 with the Ocean and General Guarantee Company Limited, and changed name to Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation Limited. It was acquired in 1910 by Commercial Union Assurance Company Limited.
This company was established in 1871, at 4 Queen Victoria Street, for fidelity guarantee insurance. It amalgamated with the Ocean Railway and General Accident Insurance Company in 1890 which then changed its name to the Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation. The new firm became a subsidiary of Commercial Union Assurance in 1910.
This company was established in 1859 at 26 Austin Friars, Old Broad Street. Between 1872 and 1908 its address was 2 Old Broad Street. In 1908 it became a subsidiary of North British and Mercantile Insurance Company which in turn merged with Commercial Union Assurance in 1959.
William John O'Connor, MB, ChB (1899-1976) was a general practitioner in High Wycombe, Bucks.
Octagon Brewery Limited, Martin Street, Plymouth, Devon, was established in 1861 by Joseph Godfrey. It was incorporated in January 1899. The company was acquired by H and G Simonds in 1954 and was in liquidation in 1955.
O'Dell's Phrenological Institution was founded in 1868, established in London in 1879 and was located at Ludgate Circus and in East Sheen at the the time this item was published.
Professor Oertel was Strathcona Professor of Pathology at McGill University, Canada, from 1919-1938, subsequently he retired to London. Further biographical details may be found in his obituaries in the British Medical Journal and the Lancet.
The properties were purchased by John Robert Augustus Oetzmann. After his death ownership was transferred to Messrs Oetzmann and Company. Oetzmann and Company are listed in the Post Office London Directory for 1895 as "complete house furnishers, cabinet makers and upholsterers, British carpet and rug warehouse, importers of Turkey, Persian, Indian and every description of Oriental carpets and rugs". They had premises at 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 and 79 Hampstead Road; and also at Drummond Street, William Street and Eagle Place.
Thomas O'Farrell was born in 1843. He served as a surgeon in the Army, chiefly in India (taking part in the Afghan War of 1878-1880), and was promoted Surgeon-General, Royal Army Medical Corps, in 1899. He died in 1917.
The maps show numbered properties with names of retailers in the High Street and surrounding streets, Staines, and Darkes Lane and High Street, Potters Bar.
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was the approximate US counterpart of the British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6, and Special Operations Executive (SOE), with which it co-operated throughout World War Two and its immediate aftermath. The OSS was created by Presidential Military Order on 13 Jun 1942 and it functioned as the principal US intelligence organisation in all operational theatres. Its primary function was to obtain information about enemy nations and to sabotage their war potential and morale. From 1940-1942, the US had no central intelligence agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information bearing on national security, these services having been dispersed amongst the armed services and regional desks in the US State Department. In Jul 1941 Maj Gen William Joseph Donovan was appointed by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the civilian post of Co-ordinator of Information (COI) and was instructed to consolidate a regular channel of global strategic information. Under Donovan's leadership, the COI claimed the functions of information gathering, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and post-war planning. The overt propaganda functions of the COI were eventually severed and the COI was re-organised as the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1942. The OSS was instructed by the President to collect and analyse such strategic information as might be required to plan and operate special military services in theatres of operation directed by the US Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). The first OSS presence in the Far East was in China, where units gathered intelligence from Chungking and the communist capital of Fushih. However, OSS operations in other Japanese occupied territories were often paralysed by differences amongst the Allies over European colonial interests in the post-war configuration of South-East Asia. Following the end of hostilities in Europe, a considerable number of OSS units were transferred from Europe to China and French Indo-China, where they established contacts with nationalist and communist partisan forces. Elsewhere in the South-East Asia theatre, the OSS trained nationals in intelligence collection, internal propaganda and unconventional warfare. The OSS was terminated by Executive Order 9620 on 20 Sep 1945, its functions later assumed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The US State Department's primary function during World War Two was to provide the US President and the US Joint Chiefs of Staff with intelligence relating to the civil structure of foreign states. During the war, the US State Department relied on OSS intelligence to prepare summary research reports concerning the social structure, strategic interests, resources, government, and economic stability of Japan and its occupied territories.
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was the approximate US counterpart of the British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6, and Special Operations Executive (SOE), with which it co-operated throughout World War Two and its immediate aftermath. The OSS was created by Presidential Military Order on 13 Jun 1942 and it functioned as the principal US intelligence organisation in all operational theatres. Its primary function was to obtain information about enemy nations and to sabotage their war potential and morale. From 1940-1942, the US had no central intelligence agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information bearing on national security, these services having been dispersed amongst the armed services and regional desks in the US State Department. In Jul 1941 Maj Gen William Joseph Donovan was appointed by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the civilian post of Co-ordinator of Information (COI) and was instructed to consolidate a regular channel of global strategic information. Under Donovan's leadership, the COI claimed the functions of information gathering, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and post-war planning. The overt propaganda functions of the COI were eventually severed and the COI was re-organised as the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1942. The OSS was instructed by the President to collect and analyse such strategic information as might be required to plan and operate special military services in theatres of operation directed by the US Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). The headquarters of the OSS were in Washington, but is also maintained overseas outposts which engaged in information gathering and liaison operations with Allied intelligence services, most notably Special Operations Executive (SOE). Chief among the overseas units was the London Outpost, established at the end of 1941 to facilitate co-operation between the Allied intelligence services, and to serve as a base of operations for Allied intelligence, espionage and operational activities in Europe. The Special Operations (SO) Branch, OSS, London, was charged with conducting sabotage operations, support and supply of resistance groups, and guerrilla warfare in enemy-occupied territories. The 'London Group' of SOE was its British counterpart. On 10 Jan 1944, the SO Branch and the London Group were integrated into Special Forces Headquarters, under which they were charged with carrying on their operations. Thus, from Jan-Sep 1944, 93 Jedburgh teams, consisting of one British SOE soldier, one American OSS soldier, and one officer native to the country in which the team would operate, were parachuted into occupied Western Europe to supply resistance movements and co-ordinate operations. The purpose of the Secret Intelligence (SI) Branch, OSS, London, was to collect and analyse strategic intelligence as was required by the US Joint Chiefs of Staff. The OSS was terminated by Executive Order 9620 on 20 Sep 1945, its functions later assumed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was the approximate US counterpart of the British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6, and Special Operations Executive (SOE), with which it co-operated throughout World War Two and its immediate aftermath. The OSS was created by Presidential Military Order on 13 Jun 1942 and it functioned as the principal US intelligence organisation in all operational theatres during the war. Its primary function was to obtain information about enemy nations and to sabotage their war potential and morale. From 1940-1942, the US had no central intelligence agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information bearing on national security, these services having been dispersed amongst the armed services and regional desks in the US State Department. In Jul 1941 Maj Gen William Joseph Donovan was appointed by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the civilian post of Co-ordinator of Information (COI) and was instructed to consolidate a regular channel of global strategic information. The overt propaganda functions of the COI were eventually severed and the COI was re-organised as the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1942. The OSS was instructed by the President to collect and analyse such strategic information as might be required to plan and operate special military services in theatres of operation directed by the US Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). The OSS was terminated by Executive Order 9620 on 20 Sep 1945, its functions later assumed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The US State Department's primary function immediately following World War Two was to provide the US President and the US Joint Chiefs of Staff with intelligence relating to the civil structure of foreign states and the impact of communism on post-colonial countries. In addition, the State Department provided the US Executive Branch with key intelligence concerning the economic and civil stability of nations weakened by Japanese occupation during World War Two. This enabled US policy planners to formulate long-term strategic goals in the Far East. During the war, the US State Department relied on OSS intelligence to prepare summary research reports concerning the social structure, strategic interests, resources, government, and economic stability of countries of the Far East. After the war, US embassies, State Department field offices and US foreign service personnel provided the White House with the majority of strategic intelligence relating to the Far East.
The office of the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth (previously Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Empire) has evolved from the position of the spiritual head of the former Great Synagogue in the City of London. The Great Synagogue was the first foundation of the Ashkenazi community in England following the readmission of the Jews in 1656 and traces its origins to the late seventeenth century. Gradually throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries other Ashkenazi congregations in London and the provinces came to acknowledge the religious leadership of the Rabbi of the Great Synagogue. He gave spiritual guidance and was consulted upon points of religious law and procedures.
In 1764 a dispute arose between the Great Synagogue and the Hambro Synagogue over an appointment of a rabbi to the Plymouth Congregation, and the Rabbi of the Great Synagogue emerged as the leading figure. In time Askenazim Jews living in the British colonies overseas came to recognise the authority of the Chief Rabbi; the title itself dates back at least to the early nineteenth century.
Main responsibilities of the Chief Rabbinate:
1) Marriage authorisation: Before any marriage can take place in any synagogue under his jurisdiction in Great Britain the permission of the Chief Rabbi is essential. The relevant Orthodox religious laws represented by the Chief Rabbinate are thus adhered to by all concerned at the marriage.
2) Conversion: The sanction of the Chief Rabbi, or of a Rabbi whose requirements for conversion are recognised as valid by the Chief Rabbi, is required before any conversion is recognised by any congregation under his jurisdiction.
3) Appointment of rabbis: The synagogues under the jurisdiction of the Chief Rabbi must obtain a "Certificate of Religious and Moral Fitness" before they can be given positions.
4) Representation: The Chief Rabbi by long tradition is perceived as representing the Anglo-Jewish community on national occasions. He is patron to many non-Jewish as well as specifically Jewish charities, and charitable and educational foundations.
The position of a Chief Rabbi can be found in parts of western and central Europe and Israel. In Great Britian there is also the Chief Rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Community (known as the Haham) which antedates the emergence of the Ashkenazi community here. No such position exists in the United States where rabbis of individual congregations may nonetheless exercise influence.
Rabbis of the United Hebrew Congregations:
Nathan Adler: 1845-1890;
Hermann Adler: 1891-1911;
Joseph Hertz: 1913-1946;
Israel Brodie: 1948-1965;
Immanuel Jakobovits: 1967-1991;
Jonathan Sacks: 1991 onwards.
The office of the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth (previously Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Empire) has evolved from the position of the spiritual head of the former Great Synagogue in the City of London. The Great Synagogue was the first foundation of the Ashkenazi community in England following the readmission of the Jews in 1656 and traces its origins to the late seventeenth century. Gradually throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries other Ashkenazi congregations in London and the provinces came to acknowledge the religious leadership of the Rabbi of the Great Synagogue. He gave spiritual guidance and was consulted upon points of religious law and procedures.
In 1764 a dispute arose between the Great Synagogue and the Hambro Synagogue over an appointment of a rabbi to the Portsmouth Congregation, and the Rabbi of the Great Synagogue emerged as the leading figure. In time Askenazim Jews living in the British colonies overseas came to recognise the authority of the Chief Rabbi; the title itself dates back at least to the early nineteenth century.
Main responsibilities of the Chief Rabbinate:
1) Marriage authorisation: Before any marriage can take place in any synagogue under his jurisdiction in Great Britain the permission of the Chief Rabbi is essential. The relevant Orthodox religious laws represented by the Chief Rabbinate are thus adhered to by all concerned at the marriage.
2) Conversion: The sanction of the Chief Rabbi, or of a Rabbi whose requirements for conversion are recognised as valid by the Chief Rabbi, is required before any conversion is recognised by any congregation under his jurisdiction.
3) Appointment of rabbis: The synagogues under the jurisdiction of the Chief Rabbi must obtain a "Certificate of Religious and Moral Fitness" before they can be given positions.
4) Representation: The Chief Rabbi by long tradition is perceived as representing the Anglo-Jewish community on national occasions. He is patron to many non-Jewish as well as specifically Jewish charities, and charitable and educational foundations.
The position of a Chief Rabbi can be found in parts of western and central Europe and Israel. In Great Britian there is also the Chief Rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Community (known as the Haham) which antedates the emergence of the Ashkenazi community here. No such position exists in the United States where rabbis of individual congregations may nonetheless exercise influence.
The collection is a microfilmed copy of an official history published by the Office of the Chief, Military History General Reference Branch, US Army. Designed as an introductory volume to a general intelligence series for US Service School curriculum, all material consists of documents relating to Allied intelligence activities in the Far East, 1942-1950.
These letters, addressed to Robert Bainbridge, Keeper of Hampton Court Park, are (except for the first two) from the Office of Works and are signed usually by the Secretary, Alfred Austin (1856-68) or George Russell (1869-70). These are all official letters requesting returns of the numbers of deer or of estimates of expenditure, giving approval for the acquisition of additional deer or for purchase of hay. Bainbridge died early in 1870 and the last letters are addressed to his son E. W. Bainbridge until the new keeper was appointed and to his widow stating that the Board had no power to grant a pension.
The Longford River is an artificial waterway constructed in 1638 to serve Hampton Court Palace. It draws water from the River Colne at Longford, and reaches the Thames above Teddington Lock.
The collection includes microfilmed copies of documents relating to British foreign policy, 1945-1950. The decision to publish a collection of documents of British policy overseas was announced in 1973 by the then Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Sir Alec (Alexander Frederick) Douglas-Home. This new collection was to include the most important documents in the archives of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in two series covering foreign policy in the periods 1945-1950 and 1950-1955 respectively. Principally covered in this publication of documents are instructions sent by His Majesty's Mission abroad in execution of policy, by their reports of business transacted with foreign governments, and by records of negotiations and discussions at home and abroad. Also included are the semi-official correspondence and memoranda which developed following World War Two from Missions abroad and their briefs for the Secretary of State. The decision to publish a collection of British diplomatic documents was in accordance with previous practice in not seeking to cover by documentary publication the conduct of foreign policy during war. Chronological coverage begins with the Potsdam Conference and its preliminary meetings, Jul 1945, and continues through the early phases of the Cold War. The second series in the publication reveals the difficulties of the British Government in its policy towards Western European integration, the Soviet Union, the United States, and its shrinking colonial empire, 1950- 1955. This series began with the French initiative in launching the Schuman Plan, which sought to establish a European steel and coal controlling organisation, and continued on with documents which reflect Cold War British relations with Europe, the United States, the Far East, and its colonies throughout the world.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
George Offor was a biographer who started in business as a bookseller. He learnt Hebrew, Greek and Latin and he had a extensive knowledge of theology. He was an admirer of John Bunyan and gathered together a unique collection of Bunyan's scattered writings. He also contributed to biblical literature. Offor died on 4 August 1864.
Liam O'Flaherty was born in the Aran Islands, County Galway, Ireland on 28 August 1896. He was educated at Rockwell College, Black Rock College and University College Dublin. From 1915 to 1917 O'Flaherty served with the Irish Guards. On returning to Ireland he became active in the Irish Civil War. Between 1918 and 1921 he worked at various jobs in London, New York and Hartford Connecticut. He started writing in 1921 and published his first novel, The Neighbour's Wife in 1924. In 1974 he was awarded a Honorary D Litt from the National University of Ireland. O'Flaherty died on 7 September 1984.
Charles Kay Ogden was born in Fleetwood, Lancashire, and educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He subsequently became well-known as a journal editor, translator and prolific book collector; his collection is now divided between University College London and the University of California at Los Angeles. Ogden is most often remembered as the inventor of Basic English, a limited vocabulary set devised for use as an international auxiliary language.
Sir Alwyne Ogden was born on June 29th 1889, the son of a Railway Auditor. He was educated at Dulwich College and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Failing to enter the Indian Civil Service he chose to go to China and was appointed as a Student Interpreter at the British Legation in Peking on December 3rd, 1912. His work involved roaming through Henan Province from August 1916 to the following February, buying cattle for the British Army, serving as Acting Consul at Changsha in 1916 during an anti-foreign riot, and working with the recruitment of the Chinese Labour Corps in Shandong Province from October 1917 to July 1918. Afterwards he served in Peking and Tientsin from 1918-1920, where he met Jessie Vera Bridge, the daughter of a local missionary, Albert Henry Bridge. The couple was eventually married in Tientsin in 1922.
In 1922 he visited the Tibetan frontier on special assignment, before being caught up in a siege in Chengdu upon his arrival to serve as Vice Consul. He became Acting Consul General there from December 23rd, 1922 until the following May. In June 1925 he was appointed Acting Vice Consul at Hankow, and in February 1926 he became Consul at Jiujiang. He served there during the traumatic and violent period when the British concession was overrun and abandoned in January 1927 at the height of the Northern Expedition of the Guomindang. His actions in this period of crisis earned him an OBE in June 1927.
After a period of home leave he served in Tientsin from September 1928 as an Acting Vice Consul, and from January 31st as a full Vice-Consul. He served there, often as Acting Consul General until his next home-leave when he was briefly employed by the Department of Overseas Trade to draw up a booklet entitled China: Notes on some aspects of life in China for the information of business visitors (1934). His next appointment was at Shanghai in 1933. From December 1933 he became Acting Consul at Chefoo, and full Consul from February 1934 until April 1936. After a stint in Kunming he was in charge of the Consulate in Shanghai from March 1937 for two years. During this period he organised the evacuation of all British women and children from the city during the Sino-Japanese hostilities. From February 1940 to April 1941 he was put in charge of the Consulate in Nanjing, then under Japanese occupation. In 1941 he was transferred to Tientsin as Acting Consul General. At the outbreak of the Pacific War he was placed under house arrest with his family before being repatriated in July 1942. Thereafter he was Consul General in Kunming and then Shanghai, where he landed on September 7th 1945. He was responsible for the administration of the internment camps there, which held some 7,000 Britons, until they were closed. For this he was awarded the CMG in 1946. His experiences thereafter in Shanghai, as a member of the newly amalgamated Foreign Service, were not particularly happy and he left the service in 1948, six months after becoming a KBE.
In retirement he played an active role in organisations supporting Chiang Kai-šhek's regime after it fled to Taiwan at the close of the Chinese civil war in 1949. He was also an early advocate and publicist of Tibet's plight after 1950. He wrote reviews of works on contemporary China and its history, and many drafts of an autobiography that was never completed. He maintained an interest in British business relations with China through the China Association, and cultural relations through the China Society. He died in 1981.
James Pettigrew Ogilvie (1881-1953) was the son of a well-known sugar refiner and became an authority on the subject of sugar himself, authoring many books and journal titles in the area as well as working within the sugar industry. He became a Fellow of the Chemical Society in 1912 and later presented a number of valuable books on sugar chemistry to the Society.
Born, 1858; studied at the Universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh; Assistant Professor of Natural Philosophy, University of Aberdeen, 1880-1881; Science Master, Gordon's College, Aberdeen, 1882-1886; Principal, Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh, 1886-1900; Professor of Applied Physics, 1887-1890; Director, Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, 1900-1903; Principal Assistant Secretary (Technology and Higher Education in Science and Art), Board of Education, 1903-1910; Governor, Imperial College, 1907-1930; Secretary, Board of Education, for the Science Museum and Geological Survey, 1910-1920; Director, Science Museum, 1911-1920; Principal Assistant Secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1920-1922; member, Senate of the University of London, 1925-1929; Chairman, Geological Survey Board, 1920-1930; member, Exhibition of 1851, 1909-1930, President, Museums Association, 1927-1928; died, 1930.
David Graham Drummond Ogilvy was born on 4 May 1826. He was a representative peer from 1850-1881 and Lord High Commissioner to the Church of Scotland, 1872-1873.
Born, 1824; educated at Wakefield School; Trinity College, Oxford, 1844; medical school in Kinnerton Street attached to St George's Hospital, London; licentiate, 1850, and Fellow, 1855, of the Royal College of Physicians; MA and MB, 1851; MD, 1857; worked at morbid anatomy and was Curator of the Museum, St George's Hospital; assistant physician, 1857; full physician, 1866; resigned from St George's, 1876; returned to active practice and Consulting Physician for St George's Hospital, 1877; died, 1905.
Ogle entered the Navy in 1697. He became a lieutenant in 1702 and a commander in 1703. He was posted in 1708 and served for the remainder of the war, mostly in the Mediterranean. He commanded the PLYMOUTH in the Baltic in 1716 and the WORCESTER in 1717. After service on the coast of Africa, for which he was knighted, in the Mediterranean and in the West Indies, he was promoted to rear-admiral in 1739. In 1740 he was sent out to join Vice-Admiral Edward Vernon with reinforcements and took part in the attack on Cartagena 1741. He took over the command when Vernon left in 1742 and returned to England in 1745, having been promoted to vice-admiral in 1743 and admiral in 1744.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Ogle was most probably a cousin of Admiral-of-the-Fleet Sir Chaloner Ogle (although the relationship is variously given as son, nephew or cousin). He became a lieutenant in 1745 and a captain in 1756. He saw active service during the Seven Years War and commanded a ship during the Falkland Islands crisis of 1770. In 1774 he was appointed to the RESOLUTION, guardship at Portsmouth. He sailed under Rodney to the relief of Gibraltar in 1779 and then went to America, being recalled on his promotion to rear-admiral in 1780. He became a vice-admiral in 1787 and admiral in 1794.
Ogle was the eldest son of Admiral Sir Chaloner. He entered the Navy in 1787 and became a lieutenant in 1793, commander in 1795, and captain in 1796. He served mainly in the Mediterranean, being Captain of the UNITE 1805 to 1806. From 1806 to 1815 he commanded one of the royal yachts. He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1816 and was promoted to rear-admiral in 1819. He was commander-in-chief, North America 1827 to 1830 and became a vice-admiral in 1830 and an admiral in 1841. He was commander-in-chief at Portsmouth 1845 to 1848.
The compiler was MD of Aberdeen University, and later Professor Emeritus of the same university. He was President of the BMA 1914, 1915 and Hon. Col. RAMC to the Highland (Territorial) Division in the First World War, serving in Serbia in 1915, and in Italy during the following two years.
Little is known about the family beyond the following details:
Sophie Scharvogel, grandmother of E Ohly, was born on 24 Dec 1859 in Mainz; was transported to Terezin on 1942 and died there, 16 Nov 1942. She was the widow of Professor J J Scharvogel.
Karl Traumann writes from Gurs concentration camp in the French Pyrenees, Feb 1941. He was a patent lawyer from Karlsruhe, first cousin of Gertrud Ohly and nephew of Sophie Scharvogel, born Mannheim c1880, died at Gurs in 1942. He had a brother, Ernst, living in the US at the time.
Lotte Pariser, writes from Terezin in May and June 1944, born on 7 Sep 1885, transported to Terezin on 6 Jun 1942, evacuated to Auschwitz to 28 Oct 1944.
Anna Ansbacher, a friend of Sophie Scharvogel, was one of the lucky few to have been sent to Switzerland in exchange for lorries.
E E Ohly came to Great Britain in 1945 to join his father, who had returned to Britain in 1934. Since he was half Jewish he could no longer work in his profession as a sculptor in Germany. As he was born in Great Britain he was able to escape. E Ohly left Germany in 1934 for school in Switzerland and lived there until 1945. His mother, Gertrud, being half Jewish, survived World War Two and died in Munich on 20 March 1951.
Old Street Magistrates Court: Old Street Police Court was one of the original public offices opened in 1792. It was situated in Worship Street, Shoreditch. Part of its district was taken in 1889 to form the North London Police District. The court was moved to Finsbury Square in 1902 until a new building was opened in Old Street in 1906. The name of the court was then changed to Old Street.
History: An Act of 1792 established seven 'Public Offices' (later Police offices and Police courts) in the central Metropolitan area. The aim was to establish fixed locations where 'fit and able magistrates' would attend at fixed times to deal with an increasing number of criminal offences.
Offices were opened in St Margaret Westminster, St James Westminster, Clerkenwell, Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Shadwell and Southwark. An office in Bow Street, Covent Garden, originally the home of the local magistrate, had been operating for almost 50 years and was largely the model for the new offices.
In 1800 the Marine Police Office or Thames Police Office, opened by 'private enterprise' in 1798, was incorporated into the statutory system. In 1821 an office was opened in Marylebone, apparently replacing the one in Shadwell.
Each office was assigned three Justices of the Peace. They were to receive a salary of £400 per annum. These were the first stipendiary magistrates. Later they were expected to be highly qualified in the law, indeed, to be experienced barristers. This distinguished them from the local lay justices who after the setting up of Police Offices were largely confined, in the Metropolitan area, to the licensing of innkeepers. In addition each office could appoint up to six constables to be attached to it.
The commonly used term of 'Police Court' was found to be misleading. The word 'police' gave the impression that the Metropolitan Police controlled and administered the courts. This was never the case, the word 'police' was being used in its original meaning of 'pertaining to civil administration', 'regulating', etc.
In April 1965 (following the Administration of Justice Act 1964) the London Police Courts with their stipendiary magistrates were integrated with the lay magistrates to form the modern Inner London Magistrates' Courts.
The police courts dealt with a wide range of business coming under the general heading of 'summary jurisdiction', i.e. trial without a jury. The cases heard were largely criminal and of the less serious kind. Over the years statutes created many offences that the courts could deal with in addition to Common Law offences. Examples include: drunk and disorderly conduct, assault, theft, begging, possessing stolen goods, cruelty to animals, desertion from the armed forces, betting, soliciting, loitering with intent, obstructing highways, and motoring offences. Non-criminal matters included small debts concerning income tax and local rates, landlord and tenant matters, matrimonial problems and bastardy.
Offences beyond the powers of the Court would normally be passed to the Sessions of the Peace or Gaol Delivery Sessions in the Old Bailey (from 1835 called the Central Criminal Court). From the late 19th century such cases would be the subject of preliminary hearings or committal proceedings in the magistrates' courts.
Outside the London Police Court Area but within the administrative county of Middlesex lay justices continued to deal with both criminal offences and administrative matters such as the licensing of innkeepers.
The exact area covered by a Court at any particular time can be found in the Kelly's Post Office London Directories, available on microfilm at LMA. The entries are based on the original Orders-in-Council establishing police court districts. A map showing police court districts is kept in the Information Area of LMA with other reference maps. Please ask a member of staff for assistance.
John Oldbury and Henry Stanley conducted business in Malaga, Alicante, Cadiz, Venice, Leghorn [Livorno], Amsterdam, Portsmouth, Ipswich, Bristol, Falmouth and Chester.
Rudolf Olden was a writer on German politics and government.
Education: School and University at Bremen; MTh (1639); Oxford (entered 1656). Career: Lived in England (1640-1648); travelled on the continent, returning to Bremen (1652); sent by the Council of Bremen to negotiate with Cromwell (1653); Tutor to Henry, son of Barnabas O'Brien, 6th Earl of Thomond, and Richard Jones (FRS 1663), son of Robert Boyle's sister, Catherine, Lady Ranelagh; accompanied Jones to France and Germany (1657-1660); published 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society' (1665-1677); imprisoned in the Tower of London (1667) on suspicion that his extensive foreign correspondence was political, rather than scientific; worked as a translator (1670).
Born, 1822; medical student at Guy's Hospital; M R C S, 1845; M D, St Andrew's University, 1845; Assistant Surgeon, Bengal Medical Service, 1846; died, 1871.
Publications: Views of Nepal, 1851-1864. Henry Ambrose Oldfield, Margaret Alicia Oldfield. [edited by] Cecilia and Hallvard Kuløy (1975); Sketches from Nipal, historical and descriptive ... To which is added an essay on Nipalese Buddhism, and illustrations of religious monuments, architecture and scenery, etc [Edited by E O] 2 volumes (W H Allen & Co, London, 1880).
Born Harewood, West Yorkshire, 1911; educated at Repton and University College, Oxford; worked for Knight Frank and Rutley, surveyors and auctioneers; commissioned into Warwickshire Royal Yeomanry; photographic interpreter; head of Air Reconnaissance at General Headquarters Middle-East c 1941; joined 1 Special Air Service regiment September 1942; captured near Tuorga, Libya, after destroying 20 aircraft on the ground, 17 Dec 1942; POW, Italy; escaped to Switzerland, October 1943; repatriated to United Kingdom c 1944; died 1992.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
Oldham Sign Service were manufacturers of neon signs. It is possible that they merged with Claude-General Neon Lights in the 1960s.
The Oldham Women's Suffrage Society (1901-1921) was established in 1910 with Margery Lees as president and quickly joined the Manchester and District Federation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. By 1911, in addition to a suffrage shop, the branch comprised of 120 members, a figure that rose to 857 in 1913. That year, a number of members, including Lees joined the Manchester contingent of the Pilgrimage to London. In 1919 the body was transformed into the Women Citizens' Association and amalgamated with the National Council of Women in 1921.
Oliver entered the Navy in 1869. He served in the BRISTOL, 1870 to 1871, and was rated midshipman in 1871. He was in the Mediterranean from 1871 to 1874, in the ARIADNE and then for two years in the flagship LORD WARDON. From 1874 to 1876 he served in the AUDACIOUS, flagship on the China Station. He was promoted to sub-lieutenant in 1876 and served in the SHANNON, 1877 to 1880, on the same station. In 1880 he was promoted to lieutenant and appointed to the PELICAN, Pacific Station, 1880 to 1882. From 1882 to 1884 he was in the Indian troopship JUMA and served in operations in the Sudan in 1884. Between 1885 and 1887, Oliver served in three Coast Guard ships based at Southampton, the HECTOR, NORTHAMPTON and INVINCIPLE. He returned to China in the WANDERER between 1888 and 1891. During the 1890s Oliver served in various posts, in a training ship, in the dockyard reserve and the coastguard. He retired with the rank of commander in 1900.