Montagu took his seat in the House of Lords in 1739 and in 1744 was appointed one of the Lords of the Admiralty. He represented the United Kingdom at the negotiations leading to the conclusion of peace in 1748. He then became First Lord of the Admiralty, 1748 to 1761, for a brief period in 1763 and again from 1771 to 1782, after which he held no further public office. A selection of his papers were published by Sir George Barnes and Commander J.H. Owen, The private papers of John, Earl of Sandwich 1771-1782 (Navy Records Society, 1932-1938, 4 vols). There is a biography by George Martelli, Jemmy Twitcher, a life of the Fourth Earl of Sandwich (London, 1962).
In 1868 Scott began a venture, financed initially by his father, that resulted in the shipbuilding partnership of Messrs Scott and Linton of Dumbarton. The company failed the following year, Linton blaming the creditors for preventing the completion of ships under construction, which included the CUTTY SARK.
Sharpe went to sea in the BLAZER, Captain Owen Stanley (1811-1849), in 1845. He entered the Navy in 1846 and sailed with Stanley in the RATTLESNAKE on her surveying voyage to Australia, 1846 to 1850. Two years later he was again appointed to the RATTLESNAKE, as mate, and sailed in her to the Arctic to relieve the expedition searching for Sir John Franklin. In 1854 he was promoted to lieutenant. From 1857 to 1859 he was in the MAGICIENNE and served during the Second Chinese War. He was promoted to commander in 1863 and in 1867 was appointed to command the WATERWITCH, hydraulic gun boat, during tests on her performance. In 1868 he was appointed to the LAPWING on the west coast of Ireland and then escorted the ships towing the new floating dock to Bermuda, continuing to the West Indies. He was promoted to captain in 1870 and from 1875 to 1878 commanded the Indian troopship CROCODILE. He retired in 1886, became a rear-admiral in 1887 and a vice-admiral in 1892.
When he was a boy Sisson's family moved to Switzerland where he went to school. He entered the Navy in 1860 as a cadet in the BRITANNIA and was promoted to midshipman in 1862 After serving in the NEPTUNE, 1861 to 1863, in the Mediterranean, the EDGAR in home waters, 1863 to 1866 and the DORIS in North America and the West Indies from 1866 to 1869, he was promoted to lieutenant in 1869. From 1872 to 1875 Sisson was in the PETEREL on the Pacific Station. After a spell in the MALABAR in 1878 he commanded the FIREBRAND at the Cape of Good Hope from 1879 to 1882. He retired as a commander in 1882 and in 1883 was appointed Port Captain of Natal but died the same year.
Smith entered the Navy in 1777 and served in North America and the West Indies, where in 1780 he was promoted to lieutenant. After the American War of Independence, he travelled in France, North Africa and the Baltic as a government agent and at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War he was in Smyrna. He joined Hood at Toulon and took part in its evacuation and burning. In 1794 he was employed in the North Sea and in 1796 off Le Havre, where he was captured during a cutting-out expedition. For two years he was a prisoner but escaped in 1798, when he was given command of Tigre as senior officer in the Levant. In 1799 his success at the defence of Acre halted the advance of the French army. He was elected Member of Parliament for Rochester in 1802. On the resumption of the war Smith commanded a squadron off Holland. In 1805 he was promoted to rear-admiral and went to the Mediterranean where he was active off the coast of South Italy. He took part in the expedition to the Dardanelles in 1807 and in the following year went briefly to the South American Station. In 1810 he was promoted to vice-admiral and went in 1812 to be second-in-command of the Mediterranean Station, returning in bad health in 1814. He saw no further active service and retired to Paris after 1815. He was made an admiral in 1821 Among the biographies are Sir John Barrow, 'Life and correspondence of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith, G. C. B.' (London, 1848) and Edward Russell, 2nd Baron of Liverpool, 'Knight of the sword; the life and letters of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith, C. C. B.' (London, 1964).
Francis Shipton was promoted to lieutenant in 1884. He held the rank of lieutenant-commander during World War One, having previously retired from the Navy.
James Shipton entered the Navy in 1803. He served in HMS THUNDERER 1803 to1805, HIBERNIA 1805 to 1806, PRINCE OF WALES and PENELOPE 1806 to 1809, as midshipman and mate. He reached the rank and lieutenant in 1810, invalied early in 1812, and was on half pay from 1815.
Francis Shipton was promoted to lieutenant in 1884. He held the rank of lieutenant-commander during World War One, having previously retired from the Navy.
Frank Clarke Strick (1849-1943) set himself up in business in 1885 in London as a shipbroker and coal exporter; two years later he purchased a small vessel and to raise additional capital he founded, with others, the London and Paris Steamship Company Limited. A new company was formed to operate the vessel called the Anglo-Algerian Steamship Company Limited. This was the first strand in a pattern of Strick trading which was to last for many years -- coal from South Wales or North East Coast ports to West Italian ports, loading iron ore homewards from Benisaf in North Africa for the United Kingdom or the Continent, under contract, using owned or chartered vessels. A successful voyage to the Persian Gulf in 1892 with coal and general cargo induced Strick to build ships for the Gulf trade, within the framework of a new company, the Anglo-Arabian and Persian Steamship Company Limited. By the beginning of the century, Frank Strick had fifteen ships sailing under his flag, serving the Mediterranean and Persian Gulf trades; less regularly, his ships were also to be found in the Indian Ocean or the United States. La Tunisienne Steam Navigation Company Limited was formed by Strick in 1909; this company operated vessels in the North African trade, where Strick's interests were important. In addition Strick's controlled coal bunkering depots in Port Said, Algiers and Oran. In 1919 Strick sold the remaining Strick Line fleet and business to Lord Inchcape and it was absorbed into P and O in 1923. The company went into voluntary liquidation, but Strick had no intention of retiring, forming a new company under the name of London, Paris and Marseilles Steamship Company (later London and Paris Steamship Co Ltd) and continuing to operate La Tunisienne. The Persian Gulf trade was carried on under the joint management of Frank C. Strick and Company Ltd and Cray, Dawes and Company. At first the ships were owned by single-ship companies, but later Strick Line (1923) Limited was formed to own and operate the fleet. Ships of Anglo-American Steamship Company (1896) Limited, in a joint service with Ellerman's Bucknall Steamship Lines, carried large quantities of the prospectors'equipment, stores and personnel to the Gulf. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company Limited (later Anglo-Iranian, later British Petroleum) was formed in 1909 and its Managing Director was appointed a director of Anglo-Algerian. Strick opened his own offices in the Gulf through a partnership with Lloyd, Scott and Company; the firm was known as Strick, Scott and Company. In 1913 Anglo-Algerian became the Strick Line Ltd. By 1928 Strick wished to re-acquire an interest in the Persian Gulf and in the company which bore his name. He succeeded in negotiating with P&O the purchase by his London and Paris Company of a 49% minority interest in Strick Line (1923) Ltd and the Shahristan Steamship Company Ltd. Upon the outbreak of the Second World War the Strick ownership of twenty-five ships was divided into three fleets -- Strick Line, La Tunisienne and Cory and Strick. During the war Strick Line built eight vessels and Frank C. Strick managed twelve; but twenty vessels were lost. In 1960 Strick Line acquired Frank C Strick and Co Ltd. In 1972 P and O completed its acquisition of all the Strick interests and absorbed them into the and O Group.
The Shipbuilders and Repairers National Association was formed in 1967 by the integration of the Shipbuilding Employers' Federation (founded in 1899), the Dry Dock Owners' and Repairers' Central Council (founded in 1910) and the Shipbuilding Conference (founded in 1928). Before the formation of the Shipbuilding Employers' Federation, a 'Federation of Shipbuilders and Engineers of England, Scotland and Ireland' had been constituted. As early as 1890 there was a feeling that it would be advantageous if the association were to be confined to shipbuilding members only, but it was 1897 -- the same year as the engineers strike for a forty-eight hour week --before the engineering firms withdrew. They then formed their own body, the Engineering Employers' Federation. The National Federation of Shipbuilders, as the old association was briefly known, was dissolved in 1899 with the formation of the Shipbuilding Employers' Federation. Most of the local Shipbuilders' Associations then in existence were represented, including those of Aberdeen, Clyde, Barrow, Hull, Tyne, Tees and Wear. Responsibility for negotiation with the shipyard trade unions was undertaken by the central body on behalf of the membership; in this period several important national agreements were concluded, notably that of 1909, which laid down procedures to be followed in future negotiations and established a framework for conciliation and arbitration. This, with a review in 1913, was maintained until the beginning of the war when the shipyards came within the provisions of the legislation for the compulsory settlement of disputes. There was also a comprehensive review of labour relations by a joint Committee of management and labour which led in 1928 to an agreement with the S.E.F. and the shipbuilding trade unions on the procedures to be followed in future disputes, which, with some modifications, lasted to the present day.
The Dry Dock Owners' and Repairers' Central Council was formed in 1910 by members of several local ship-repairing associations to ensure greater uniformity of schedules and rates and to contain the extreme competition which was then taking place. The Shipbuilding Conference, a national commercial organization representative of the whole industry, was set up in 1928 at a time when the industry was experiencing severe difficulties. In an attempt to solve the problem of economically unsound competition between firms in the 1930s, one of the Conference's first actions was to produce a 'tendering expenses scheme', whereby one per cent of the contract price was intended for tendering expenses to be divided among the tenderers in accordance with an agreed scale. Another system which it- instituted was notification to the Conference of enquiries received by builders which led to the introduction of 'Job Conferences', an arrangement for establishing co-operation between firms and maintaining reasonable price levels. There was a general recognition during this period that the major task of the industry was to reduce building capacity which led to the formation in 1920 of National Shipbuilders Security Ltd. The main object of this organization was the purchase by voluntary negotiation of redundant shipyards. By 1938 it had reduced building capacity by purchase by 1.3 million tons. National Shipbuilders Security Ltd went into voluntary liquidation in 1958.
The National Association of Marine Enginebuilders, formed in 1939, operated as an affiliate of the Conference, since many of its members were neither shipbuilders nor ship-repairers. Its members' workforces negotiated with the Engineering Employers' Federation rather than the Shipbuilding Employers' Federation, and this relationship continued after the formation of the Shipbuilders and Repairers National Association in 1967. In this year the three organizations joined to become the Shipbuilders and Repairers National Association. Within the new body separate boards were set up.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Tait entered the Navy in 1902 and served in the Pacific from 1903 to February, 1905, in the GRAFTON, and then in the Mediterranean, in the DRAKE. He went to the FLORA, China, in 1908 and became a lieutenant in 1909. In 1910 he joined the Home Fleet, serving in a number of ships, including the HINDUSTAN and the COLLINGWOOD until 1912. He was promoted to lieutenant-commander in 1917, commander in 1921 and captain in 1926. After a course at Greenwich, Tait returned to sea in 1928 and took command of four cruisers; these included the CAPETOWN in 1929 and the DELHI in 1930, on the America and West Indies Station. He was appointed Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence in 1932 and in 1933 went out to the Far East to report on the possibility of an outbreak of hostilities with Japan. In 1938 he became a rear-admiral and in 1941 was appointed vice-admiral and Commander-in-Chief, African Station. On his appointment as Governor of Southern Rhodesia in 1944, he retired and was promoted to admiral in 1945.
Thursfield joined the Times as a leader writer in 1877 and by about 1880 he had begun to specialize in naval affairs. He represented the Times in the naval manoeuvres of 1887 and in every subsequent year when correspondents were admitted. When Mahan's book The influence of sea power upon history appeared in 1890, Thursfield's review was the first that adequately recognized its importance. He lectured at the invitation of the Staff College, Camberley, in 1902 on the 'Higher policy of defence' and at this time became closely associated with Sir John (later Lord) Fisher (1841-1920). After the war he wrote the four naval volumes of the Times documentary history of the war. Thursfield was knighted in 1920.
Copies of Volumes and Documents - Transcripts
Tyler entered the Navy in 1771 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1779. During the American War he served chiefly in the Channel and the Mediterranean and in the early part of the Revolutionary war in the Mediterranean. In 1799 he was appointed to the WARRIOR, at first in the Channel and after 1802 in the West Indies, and in 1805 to the TONNANT, with the Mediterranean fleet. He was severely wounded at Trafalgar. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1808 and hoisted his flag as second-in-command at Portsmouth. Between 1812 and 1816 he was Commander-in-Chief at the Cape of Good Hope, after which he had no further service. He was promoted to vice-admiral in 1813 and to admiral in 1825.
See W.H. Wyndham-Quin Sir Charles Tyler, G. C. B. Admiral of the White (London, 1912)
Upton entered the East India Company's service as a midshipman in 1788 and served in the ROCKINGHAM during two voyages to China. He was in the GENERAL GODDARD as Fourth Officer on a voyage to Madras and Bengal from 1793 to 1794 and remained in her as part of the Cape Expedition of 1795. Nine Dutch Indiamen were captured during this cruise and Upton was detached in one of them as prize master. He went to China in the TRUE BRITON in 1804 and to Bengal in the WINDHAM in 1809, from which ship he was captured. However, after the taking of the Ile de France (Mauritius), Upton joined the CEYLON, 1810, and brought her home. His next voyage was to China, 1814, in the GLATTON; upon her arrival at St Helena her captain died and Upton was sworn in to command. Nothing further is known about his career.
William Waldegrave, 1753-1825, entered the Navy in 1766 aboard the JERSEY. He was made Lieutenant in 1772 and captain in 1776 when in the RIPPON he joined Sir Edward Vernon in the East Indies. After 15 months his health broke down and he returned to England. In September 1778 he was sent to the West Indies in the POMONA and the following year captured the large American privateer CUMBERLAND. He then transferred to the frigate LA PRUDENTE and with the assistance of the frigate LICORNE captured the large French frigate CAPRICIEUSE after a desperate action of four hours. In 1782 he commanded the frigate PHAETON before coming ashore at the peace of 1783. At the outbreak of the Revolutionary war he was appointed to the COURAGEUX (74) and was made Rear Admiral the following year. He then commanded a small squadron in the channel before being made Vice Admiral in 1795 when he joined Sir John Jervis in the Mediterranean. In 1797 he was Jervis' third in command at the battle of Cape St Vincent. For the next three years he was governor and commander in chief of the Newfoundland station and colony. He was made Admiral in 1802 but saw no further action. He died in 1825 having been made First Baron Radstock in the Irish peerage for his services in Newfoundland.
George Granville Waldegrave was the eldest son of Willaim Waldegrave and therefore became the second Baron Radstock on his father's death. He was entered on the books of his father's ship COURAGEUX (74) in 1794 but first went to sea in the AGINCOURT in 1798. He was made captain in 1807 and given the frigate THAMES in the Mediterranean. In 1811 he took command of another frigate, the VOLONTAIRE, until the defeat of Napoleon. His years of frigate command were spent in attacks on the enemy's coasting trade, cutting out armed ships and destroying coastal batteries. He was made a CB in 1815 when he came ashore. From 1831 to 1841 he served as naval aide de camp to the monarch, becoming Rear Admiral in 1841. Ten years later he became a full Admiral and died in 1857.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Woodriff became a lieutenant in 1782. In 1789 he commanded the troopship ENDYMION, which was wrecked in 1790 at Jamaica; he was honourably acquitted at the subsequent court-martial. On his return to England in 1794 he was appointed Principal Agent for Transports, and was involved in the evacuation of troops from the Low Countries. He became a commander in 1795. He was promoted to captain in 1802, the year he took command of the CALCUTTA. After survey work in the Bass Straits, the ship returned to Spithead, 1804, was converted into a warship for convoy duties and went to St. Helena. On the return journey the CALCUTTA was attacked by the French and captured. In 1808, a year after his release, Woodriff became Superintendent of Prisoners of War at Forton, near Gosport, until in 1814 he went to Jamaica as Resident Commissioner at Port Royal. Returning to England in 1822, he was offered, in 1837, either flag-rank or an appointment to Greenwich Hospital; he chose the latter.
Wigram began his career with the East India Company as a surgeon. He contracted an illness, however, which affected his eyesight so that he could no longer practise as a surgeon nor could he go to sea again. He then set himself up as a drug merchant. In 1788 he bought the General Goddard and then the True Briton, which was built in Wells' Yard, Deptford in 1790. Wigram built up the business and acquired a large interest in the Blackwall Yard and in 1810 became Chairman of the new East India Dock Company. He retired in 1819 and sold the yard to two of his sons, Money and Henry Loftus Wigram, and to George Green.
Henry Walker entered the Navy in 1803 and served as midshipman in HMS BELLEROPHON. He was promoted lieutenant in 1810. In 1833 he was given command as lieutenant commander of HMS ALBAN following the suppression of the disturbances which arose in the agricultural districts in 1830. The ALBAN was a steamship serving in the Mediterranean and there were considerable problems over the supply and quality of coal. He had many disagreements with Captain Hugh Pigot of HMS BARHAM who ordered him to flog certain seamen on grounds which Walker considered to be unjust and which he therefore refused to have done. Walker apprears to have been relieved of his command following these disagreements, but continued to accuse Pigot of cruelty and in 1834 he decided to stand for Parliament in order to impeach him, but withdrew in favour of Captain Byng, later Lord Torrington.
Barclay Barrowman JP, DTM, FCO, FRSH (1896-1978) was a malariologist. He was born and educated in Glasgow, served during World War One as a medical officer with the Royal Navy in various parts of the world. In 1923 he joined Sir Malcolm Watson in private practice in Klang, the royal capital of Selangor, Federated Malay States, becoming sole principal of the practice in 1928. In 1930 he was appointed Personal Physician to the Sultan of Selangor, and was one of the first two Europeans invested with the Name, Rank and Style of Dato'Semboh di Raja, in 1937. The Sultan's successor appointed him a Justice of the Peace. He served as President of the Malayan Branch of the British Medical Association. He made original and significant advances in the treatment and preventive control of malaria, including running instructional courses under the auspices of the League of Nations. He also made contributions to the improved housing and social welfare of local labour forces on plantations and in the towns and villages of Malaya. During the Second World War, he acted in a civilian capacity for the Australian Military Forces until he accepted an appointment with the Malayan Planning Unit of the War Office in London, and then returned to Malaya with the Military Administration as Advisor in Malariology with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, later Colonel. He remained with the civil administration until the permanent Colonial Services officers returned, while reorganising his medical practice for handover to his partner, retiring with serious ill-health in 1947. After his retirement the communities of Klang petitioned to commemorate his services by naming the new highway to Port Swettenham Barrowman Road. He died on 31 Jan 1978. There is an obituary in the British Medical Journal, 1978, i, p. 514.
Sir Stanford Cade qualified as a surgeon in 1917 and went on to hold a series of appointments at Westminster Hospital, London, becoming a full surgeon in 1937. In addition, he held posts at Mount Vernon Hospital and the Radium Institute. From an early interest in morbid anatomy and the surgical aspects of the treatment of cancer, Cade developed an interest in the treatment of malignant disease with radium and X rays. He is now best known for this pioneering work on radium, radiotherapy and the treatment of all types of cancer. He produced numerous articles and publications on cancer and surgical subjects, including Radium Treatment of Cancer (1929) and Malignant Disease and its Treatment by Radium, which was published in four volumes between 1948 and 1952. During the Second World War, Cade served in the Royal Air Force. He continued his association with the armed forces in the post-war period, serving as a civilian consultant surgeon to the RAF until 1965, and also as honorary civilian consultant in radiotherapy to the Army. He retired from his post at Westminster Hospital in 1960, but remained consulting surgeon until his death in 1973.
The Bourne Abortion Case was a precedent-forming case in 1938, in which Dr Aleck Bourne was tried for performing an abortion on a 14 year old girl who had been made pregnant by rape. Bourne's acquittal liberalised England's abortion laws, establishing psychiatric grounds as a permissible medical reason for abortion. The case is central to these studies to the legal attitude to abortion.
Alastair Nelson qualified MB, ChB from Edinburgh Medical School in 1947, and took the Diploma in Public Health in 1951, studying under FAE Crew, a luminary of the postwar movement in social medicine. He became Medical Officer of Health, Stourbridge, then Deputy MOH, Brighton, and Deputy Chief MOH for Middlesex, which was then the third largest health authority in the UK. Reorganisations of local government and of the Health Service made him successively MOH, Richmond, and Area Medical Officer, Richmond Health Authority, and he finally served as Director of Public Health at Kingston and Esher Health Authority before retiring in 1989.
As Chairman and later President of the Society of Medical Officers of Health, he steered through structural changes to preapre the Society for the 1974 Health Service reorganisation and the foundation of the Faculty of Community Medicine. He was active in the Faculty and in the South West Thames Committee for Community Medicine, edited the 'Handbook of Community Medicine, and represented the public health interest on nursing bodies.
Other interests included firat aid and accident prevention, and medical ethics: from 1982 he convened informal meetings to discuss the latter, from which grew the 'Human Values in Health Care' discussions.
The Archives and Manuscripts department is grateful to Mr Sonu Shamdasani for the following notes on the significance of this edition:
"This particular copy is one of an edition of mimeographed seminars printed in Zurich that were originally available only in Jung libraries and to select individuals, and which are now in the course of being published. The lectures in question were published in 1967 under the title Analytical Psychology and included in Jung's Collected Works under the title by which they were generally known - "The Tavistock Lectures" (CW8).
However, the copy in question is of value for the following reasons (which are not generally known). In a conversation with Michael Fordham, an editor of the Collected Works, who was actually present at the lectures, he informed me that the publicly published versions were substantially edited - in particular, what he termed Jung's 'rudeness' to the assembled gathering of prominent British psychiatrists and psychologists was taken out. Further, the correspondence around the editing of this text shows that the question as to whether such tampering with Jung's 'holy writ' was permissible led to an involved discussion. Hence this copy would be of interest to anyone persuing either of these topics."
For accounts of Hamerton's life and career, see Who Was Who, Drew's Medical Officers in British Army Services, 1660-1960 Vol II, obituaries in the British Medical Journal and the Lancet.
In 1745 a split in the Company of Barber-Surgeons [est. 1540] led to the formation of The Company of Surgeons. The Company of Surgeons obtained a Royal Charter in 1800 and became the Royal College of Surgeons of London. A new charter in 1843 led to the current name The Royal College of Surgeons of England.
The pharmacy in Fulham Road was purchased in 1942 by Dr Sheridan's father, Anthony M Sheridan, which he sold in 1988, and which now trades under the name CE Harrod. When Mr Sheridan purchased the pharmacy it was situated at 273 Fulham Road, but during the 1970s he swapped premises with an optical practice he had purchased at 307 Fulham Road.
Professor of Clinical Anatomy, University College London, 1931-1934, and Professor of Anatomy at Cambridge University, 1934-1951. For further details of career see obituaries in The Lancet and British Medical Journal.
Sir Francis Avery Jones was known amongst his contemporaries as the "Father of Modern Gastroenterology". Born in Briton Ferry, Carmarthenshire on 31st May 1910, he graduated from St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical school in 1934, and received his MD and MRCP in 1936. In 1940 he became Consulting Physician and Gastroenterologist at Central Middlesex Hospital, London, remaining in this position until 1974. Other positions of note include: Honorary Consulting Gastroenterologist at St Mark's Hospital, London, Emeritus Consultant in Gastroenterology to the Royal Navy and Honorary Consultant Physician at St Bartholomew's, London. Avery Jones was a pioneer in the development of the modern approach to the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, publishing a series of important papers on the subject in association with Richard Doll. Doll and Avery Jones identified a number of factors which accelerated the healing of peptic ulcers, including bed rest, cessation of smoking and use of the drug carbenoxolene.
Throughout his illustrious career, Avery Jones was actively involved with a number of medical societies, presiding over several, including the British Society of Gastroenterology, the British Digestive Foundation and the Medical Artists Association. Further honours and appointments include a seat on the council of the University Of Surrey; the presidency and gold medal of The Medical Society of London; the vice presidency and gold medal of the Royal College of Physicians; and the Mastership of the Worshipful Company of Barbers, for whom he also held the title of Barber Emeritus. He was made a CBE in 1967 and knighted in 1970. Avery Jones was a strong supporter and constructive critic of the NHS, and his many achievements include setting up the Meals on Wheels service, his involvement in the King's Fund (a medical think tank), and his strong support for nutritional studies. He was also responsible for galvanising his colleagues into official action on cigarette smoking. Towards the end of his career he arranged for the funding and building of the Avery Jones Postgraduate Medical Centre at Central Middlesex Hospital. He died in May 1998 in Chichester, West Sussex.
Rowland Hill was consulting neurologist and physician to the West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases, London. During the 1939-1945 war he was a medical specialist in the Royal Army Medical Corps serving in Africa. He attained the rank of Major, relinquishing his commission in 1942 and subsequently was deputy regional adviser in medicine in the Emergency Medical Service (EMS). He played an active role in the medico-political discussions concerning the National Health Service and was elected Vice-President of the BMA in 1966 in recognition of his services.
Sir Robert McCarrison served in the Indian Medical Service 1901-1935, in research apart from active service in the First World War. From 1918 until his retirement in 1935 he worked in a unit, known from 1929 as the Nutrition Research Laboratories, at the Pasteur Institute at Coonoor, one of the smaller hill stations lying in the Doddabetta Ranges of the Blue Mountains, Nilgiri District (now part of the Tamilnadu state), Southern India (The Nilgiris, or Blue Mountains, are famous for their horticulture, coffee and tea plantations, and are inhabited by ancient tribes such as the Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas and Irulus - see C.1).
The Cholera Advisory Committee, headed by Dr Joseph Smadel, Associate Director of the NIH, was established to aid in developing a cholera research project in nations of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) as a result of the epidemic of cholera in Thailand in 1958. Initially the plan was to set up a research programme in Bangkok for a year, then arrangements would be made to establish a permanent SEATO research laboratory in Dacca, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The laboratory in Bangkok was funded by both the Thai and US governments, and in the event continued until 1970 when it was replaced by a US Army Medical Research Laboratory. This was completely separate from the Pakistan-SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory (PSCRL). The PSCRL remained functioning throughout the war for indepedence in Bangladesh, although most of the US staff were evacuated. The CRL (Pakistan-SEATO was dropped) existed with no status and funding was affected. Negotions with the Governement of Bangladesh could only begin after the US had recognised the Government's independence. In 1978 the CRL became the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Research.
For fuller details of the background and the history of the project, see section E.
This volume is one of a few typed copies of Miss Nellie Insley's account, written in 1915, with a 'Prefatory Note' by Henry Curtis, FRCS, written in 1923 giving both details of Miss Insley and her family and a note on the subsequent history of the hospital at St Malo.
The Pickett-Thomson Laboratory was established at St Paul's Hospital, Endell Street, London, in 1922, with David Thomson as Director and Sir Ronald Ross as its President. It produced 10 volumes of 'Annals', 1924-1934, recording its work on bacteria and other microorganisms using the techniques of microphotography. Some of the papers published in these volumes deal with the same subject as this manuscript but it does not appear to have been published in exactly the same form; also, it incorporates an account by Thomson of his career prior to the inauguration of the Pickett-Thomson Laboratory and his earlier work in microphotography.
Mary Louisa Drabble graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a degree in medicine on 24 July 1925. She became a general practitioner in Westlea, Derbyshire.
Florence Fenwick Miller was a leading late Victorian feminist. She was one of the first women to qualify in medicine in the United Kingdom, having been part of Sophia Jex-Blake's first doomed attempt to obtain medical education for women at the University of Edinburgh, then studying at the short-lived Medical College for Women in London, and finally achieving registration when this was ultimately conceded to women in 1878. She practised only briefly, subsequently becoming a popular writer and speaker on popular physiology as well as feminist and political subjects, and a prolific journalist and editor. In 1876 she was elected to represent Hackney on the London School Board, and served three consecutive terms, 1877-1885. In 1877 she married Frederick Alfred Ford, but retained her own name, being addressed as Mrs Fenwick Miller.
The PARTHIA was one of the first passenger ships entering service for Cunard from their pos-war building programme, launched on 25 Feb 1947 and making her maiden voyage, from Liverpool to New York, on 10 Apr 1948. In Jul 1961, following the decline of sea-travel to the USA, she was sold to the New Zealand Shipping Co, a P and O subsidiary, and renamed the REMURA, in 1965 sold on to the Eastern Australian Steamship Co and renamed the ARAMAC, and sold finally in 1969 when it to Kaohsiung for scrap.
From November 1982 to May 1985 the Economic and Social Research Council funded a study by Dr M P Dent of Staffordshire University School of Humanities and Social Sciences entitled 'Doctors and the Development of Hospital Computer Systems: a case study'. The study was conducted at an unnamed small acute hospital in Birmingham, and assessed the impact of a computer-based medical records system on the clinical work processes within an outpatient clinic, the decision-making processes involved, and the responses of the doctors to the computer system.
J.H. Percival Bolton was a pharmacist based at 28 The Green, Winchmore Hill, London N21.
General Practitioner in Nairobi, Kenya; Senior Medical Officer Magadi Soda Co Ltd, Kenya; Medical Officer, Tanganyika Territory; MB, ChB, DTM&H, DPH; died, c 1994.
Mary Ethel Corry Knocker was the daughter of Colonel Cuthbert and Janie Knocker of Dover. Born 21 Sep 1883 at Woolwich, she married Hugh McCaskey Love in Los Angeles, California, USA, in 1921, and had one son, Cuthbert. She lived in the USA from 1921 until her death, 9 Dec 1970 at La Jolla, California.
Specialist in tropical medicine, serving with the RAMC in western and southern Africa in the early 1900s; author of a chapter on Malaria in The Practice of Medicine in the the Tropics edited by W Byam and R G Archibald, 1922 (London: Henry Frowde and Hodder and Stoughton) and Report on encephalitis lethargica: being an account of further enquiries into the epidemiology and clinical features of the disease, including an analysis of over 1,250 reports on cases notified in England and Wales during 1919 and 1920, together with a comprehensive bibliography of the subject with contributions by A Salusbury MacNalty and J R Perdrau, 1922 (London: HMSO).