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Weir Hall was an estate and house situated at the west end of Silver Street, Edmonton. It was well established by 1349. In 1609 Sir John Leake sold the Hall to George Huxley, a haberdasher from London, and the Hall stayed in the Huxley family until 1743, when Thomas Huxley died, dividing the estate between his daughters Meliora Shaw and Sarah Huxley (see ACC/0815/004 for various claimaints to the estate of Sarah Huxley).

Sarah Huxley received the Weir Hall portion of the estate. In 1801 her estate was divided between 5 cousins, but in 1814 four-fifths were reunited by James George Tatem. Tatem's son (of the same name, James George) died in 1895, leaving the estate to his nieces Ellen Anna and Elizabeth Margaret Harman. The other fifth of the estate passed to the Parrotts, then to Richard Booth Smith and his son and then to Edward C Roberts.

In 1887 the estate, comprising some 306 acres, was put up for sale, but only 57 acres were sold. For many years the Harman sisters refused to sell despite pressure from the Smiths and Roberts. However, from 1898 they began to sell off portions to builders, and by 1930 the estate had been developed.

The Leake family had a mansion house, substantially renovated in 1611 and described as spacious. The Huxleys lived there but by the time James George Tatem inherited the building was dilapidated and was demolished in 1818. The site was used as a market garden.

From: 'Edmonton: Other estates', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 154-161 (available online).

Charles Bowles and his wife Mary lived in Ratcliffe. By 1792 they had moved to East Sheen, Surrey. Charles died before 1798.

Sir Edward Gould lived in Highgate with his wife Lady Frances. He died in 1728 leaving his estate to his closest male relative, his great nephew Edward Gould. Edward married Mary Thoroton and their son Edward Thoroton Gould later came into the Highgate estates.

An abstract of title shows how title (proof of ownership) to the land passed to the current owner; such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months.

A conveyance is a type of deed, used to transfer land from one party to another, usually for money (when you sell your house a conveyance is involved). Early forms of conveyance included feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

Copyhold land was land that belonged to a Manor and was, notionally, property of the Lord of the Manor. Gradually copyhold land was enfranchised until the Law of Property Act 1922 abolished copyhold status, converting all such land into freehold. Enfranchisement was the process by which a copyhold title was changed to a freehold.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

In Domesday the manor of Hendon was assessed at 20 hides, 10 of which were in demesne. In 1312 the abbot of Barking took the manor into his own hands, and thereafter Hendon manor was retained by the abbey until the Dissolution, although it was leased in 1422 and 1505. In 1541 the king granted the manor to Thomas Thirlby, bishop of Westminster. With the suppression of the bishopric it reverted to the Crown but was granted in 1550 first to Thomas, Lord Wentworth, and afterwards to Sir William Herbert, created earl of Pembroke in 1551. In 1757 the manor and estate was purchased by James Clutterbuck, who conveyed it in 1765 to his friend David Garrick, the actor. Garrick died in 1779, leaving the manor in trust for his nephew Carrington Garrick, later vicar of Hendon. It was sold in 1825 to Samuel Dendy, who was succeeded in 1845 by his son Arthur Hyde Dendy. In 1889 it was held by Arthur Dendy's widow, Eliza, on whose death it was conveyed to Sir John Carteret Hyde Seale, Mrs. Russell Simpson, and Major H. Dendy, who were joint lords in 1923.

The manor of Little Stanmore was also referred to as the Manor of Canons. In 1709 the manor was purchased by James Brydges, Duke of Chandos, who built a luxurious house filled with exotic collectibles. The Duke's son inherited the estate but had to sell it and much of the collection and even architectural elements of the house. The land passed through various owners until 1860, when it was bought by Dr David Begg. After Dr Begg's death a Morris Jenks bought the entire estate, amounting to some 479 acres, and sold it in 1896 to the Canons Park Estate Company, which in 1898 issued a prospectus of its plans for development. Arthur du Cros, founder of the Dunlop Rubber Co. and later a baronet, bought the mansion but in 1905 sold part of the estate. In 1919 he formed a trust, the Pards Estate, and in 1920 Canons itself was offered for sale, with lands that had been greatly reduced in the north, west, and south-east. Canons Park, formerly Marsh, farm-house and the other houses had been sold and 150 acres remained, almost corresponding to the present open space but still stretching eastward, along the north of the avenue, to reach as far as Edgware Road. In 1926 George Cross bought 85 acres and in 1928 the remainder was bought by Canons Limited and, on the west, by Harrow Urban District Council as a park. The mansion and 10 acres were sold in 1929 to the North London Collegiate school. More land was acquired by the school in 1936 and by the county council for playing fields, which were lent to the school.

From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976). Available online.

A History of the County of Middlesex notes that "in the Middle Ages most of [Stanwell] lay in open fields, but nearly all the land west of Stanwellmoor and that around Hammonds Farm was inclosed by the mid-18th century. Borough Field, to the north and west of the manor-house, and another small field nearby were inclosed in 1771 by the lord of the manor, when he diverted a footpath across them away from his house. Most of the area south of Stanwell and West Bedfont villages remained open until 1792. ... The remaining open fields and commons were inclosed in 1792, and orchards and marketgardens began to spread over the parish in the second half of the 19th century".

From: 'Stanwell: Introduction', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 33-36. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22238&strquery=clos Date accessed: 25 August 2010.

These papers relating to the Uthwat family were collected for their general or antiquarian interest and relevance to the subject, rather than having a united provenance (that is, being produced by the same institution or business).

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Sunbury lies on the north bank of the Thames just upstream from Hampton. In 1930 the old parish was enlarged to include Ashford Common. Subsequent changes in the 1930's added Feltham Hill (98 acres) and 2 acres of Hampton parish to Sunbury and transferred one acre from Sunbury to Hampton.

'Vizard and Sons' could not be found in London, Surrey or Middlesex trade directories; although some Vizards were listed as solicitors in the Post Office London Directories for the late nineteenth century.

The Association was formed in 1946 for the purpose of furthering the cause of education; strengthening the organisation of the Union [National Union of Teachers]; promoting the friendly co-operation of all Teachers' Associations in Middlesex; and facilitating prompt and united action in matters affecting teachers serving the Middlesex Education Authority.

Following the re-organisation of local government in the Greater London area as a result of the London Government Act, 1963, the Association was reconstituted as the Middlesex Teachers' Association in 1965, but survived for only one year as the National Executive did not see "fit to extend the life of the Association beyond 31 December 1965".

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Flambards manor was held as a sub-manor from Rectory Manor, Harrow. The core of the Flambards estate consisted of free and copyhold land held from both Harrow and Rectory manor, on either side of the border between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Sudbury. William Gerard was living at the manor as a tenant from 1566, and in 1573 the property was conveyed to him in fee farm by John Spilman. Gerard and his descendants paid Spilman and his descendants an annual rent of £30. In 1656 John Spilman sold the fee-farm rent to John Bernard and Daniel Waldo. Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Gerard, was married to Warwick Lake and then Miles Stapledon. In 1767 members of the Lake and Stapledon families sold Flambards to Francis Herne. It then passed to the Page and Hoare families, and later the Northwick, Macgregor and Phelps families.

From: 'Harrow, including Pinner : Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 203-211 (available online).

The Bodimead family were farmers, but also had interests in brick-making, tile-making and lime-burning. They held property pricipally around Harrow Weald Common, in the parish of Harrow-on-the-Hill, including Copse/Coppice Farm, and cottages further north in Bushey Heath, Hertfordshire. The Bodimead family have had their surname spelt in numerous ways throughout this collection of documents.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Court rolls are documents (originally a 'roll' of parchment) on which all the business of a manorial court were recorded, including decisions relating to property ownership including admissions to and surrenders of land and proof of the right of ownership.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

The Ferme Park estate was developed by the Streatham and Imperial Estate Company in the 1880s.

Shaftesbury Road runs between Crouch Hill and Hornsey Rise, in the Stroud Green area of Islington borough.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

The Court of King's Bench was founded circa 1200 to hear common pleas, although it came to specialise in pleas of special interest and concern to the king, such as those which involved his own property interests, or breach of his peace, or an error of judgment by another royal court. By 1675 the King's Bench was the highest court of common law in England and Wales, with jurisdiction over both civil and criminal actions. Civil business was conducted on the 'Plea Side' and criminal business on the 'Crown Side'. It was absorbed into the High Court in 1875.

Source: The National Archives Research Guides "Legal Records Information 34" and "Legal Records Information 36"

From its inception until January 1930 this organization was known as the Middlesex Territorial Force Association. It then became known as the Middlesex Territorial Army and Air Force Association. In 1948 its name was changed to the Middlesex Territorial and Auxiliary Forces Association.

Dr. Edward Whitaker Gray (1748-1806) was a doctor who was also appointed curator of the natural history collections at the British Museum.

An extensive search in Ruskin's Diaries and in various Lives has failed to reveal the identity or place of residence of 'Dr. Gray'; he is presumably related to the Dr. Gray of the diploma, and is perhaps a relation of Ruskin's wife, Euphemia Gray.

Probate (also known as proving a will) was the process of establishing the validity of a will.

A declaration of trust named trustees to hold monies for an individual until that person came of age; at which time the control of the monies would revert to them.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

A bond was a deed, by which person A binds himself, his heirs, executors, or assigns to pay a certain sum of money to person B, or his heirs.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Enfranchisement was the process by which a copyhold title was changed to a freehold. Copyhold land belonged to a Manor and was, notionally, property of the Lord of the Manor. The Lord, through his steward, ratified any transfer of land by surrender of the transferring party at a manorial court and admission of the new owner. Gradually copyhold land was enfranchised until the Law of Property Act 1922 abolished copyhold status, converting all such land into freehold land which is said to be land held in fee simple, absolute in possession and subject to no conditions or uses.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

James Charles lived at Kennet House, a large residence situated where Sudbury joins Harrow on the Hill. He was married to Julia Forrester. He was a Justice of the Peace.

The Castlebar Estate in Ealing was established in 1423 by Richard Barenger. In 1650 it was purchased by Sir William Bateman, who held other land in Ealing, and left to his descendants. William Bateman (d 1797) and his children William (d 1820) and Mary (d 1833) were all lunatics and the estate was disputed among Mary's heirs. The estate was bought by Francis Swinden in 1854.

General Sir Frederick Augustus Wetherall (1754-1842) became tenant of the Batemans' and in 1817 bought the lease of Castlebar House, purchasing the freehold in 1824. By 1840 Wetherall held 47 acres of freehold, copyhold and leasehold land in the Castle Hill area. Castlebar House was owned by a Mr Bartholomew in 1897, when it was bought as a Benedictine monastery. It was used as a girls' school.

Another estate in this area, Castle Hill Lodge, was created in 1764 by John Scott, who combined various parcels of land to form an estate of 27 acres. The estate was purchased by Francis Burdett in 1773. In 1791 Henry Beaufoy purchased the house and made some improvements. It was sold in 1795 to Maria FitzHerbert, the morganatic wife of the Prince of Wales. She sold it in 1801 to the Duke of Kent, Edward Augustus, who gave it the name Castle Hill Lodge and commissioned further improvements. In 1829 the estate was purchased by General Sir Frederick Augustus Wetherall, the duke's aide-de-camp.

The estate remained in the Wetherall family, although it was leased out as Kent House, until 1870 when the house was sold to Thomas Harrison, and the land to Alfred Prest, Ebenezer Pearce and Charles Jones. Some of the land was later sold to the British Land Company.

The Lodge was a two storey property in a Grecian style with a portico beneath a pediment. Some of the fittings were sold in 1820 and 1827; but a new house was built by 1845, which became St David's Home in 1918.

From: 'Ealing and Brentford: Other estates', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 7: Acton, Chiswick, Ealing and Brentford, West Twyford, Willesden (1982), pp. 128-131 (available online).

Ruislip Church School was founded in 1812. In 1862 the school was moved to a permanent building in Eastcote Road. A new, enlarged building was constructed on the same site and opened by Bishop Winnington-Ingram in 1931 (when the school was renamed). In 1968 the school moved to a larger site on Southcote Rise.

Information from http://www.bwi.org.uk/ (accessed August 2010).

The firm of Howards and Sons, noted as manufacturers of pharmaceutical chemicals, especially quinine and aspirin had its origin in the partnership entered into by Luke Howard and William Allen in 1798 (ACC/1037/1). Many printed works give the date as 1797 and it may be that the two men began working together after the dissolution of Allen's partnership with Samuel Mildred but before the formal deed of partnership was signed. Allen and Howard had their pharmacy at Plough Court, Lombard Street, City of London, under the management of Allen, and a laboratory at Plaistow, directed by Luke Howard, with the assistance of Joseph Jewell. The laboratory moved from Plaistow to Stratford around 1805, and on the dissolution of the partnership in 1807 (ACC/1037/2) Luke Howard and Joseph Jewell continued their manufacturing activity there. After a series of name changes reflecting the changes of partners (for which see ACC/1037/801/20/1) the style of Howards and Sons was adopted in 1856 (see ACC/1037/17) and used continuously from then on. The firm became a limited company in 1903. It was purchased by Laporte in March 1961.

Stratford remained the company's headquarters until 1898, when land was purchased in Ilford and new premises were gradually constructed. The first transfer there was of the work done at Hopkin and Williams' works in Wandsworth and other processes followed as buildings were erected until the final move to Ilford was made in 1923. The firm of Hopkin and Williams, manufacturers of fine laboratory and photographic chemicals had been purchased in May 1888 (for which see ACC/1037/92). They had offices and warehouses in Cross Street, Hatton Garden, and a manufactory in Wandsworth. In 1906 Howards set up the British Camphor Corporation for the synthesis of camphor from turpentine by Behal's process and the factory was built at Ilford (ACC/1037/743-753). Changes in world prices for raw materials and other factors led to the company going into liquidation in 1909. In the meantime Edmund White, general manager of Hopkin and Williams, had been working on the development of thorium and in 1914 a separate company, Thorium Ltd., was established to process the raw materials (ACC/1037/730-731). In 1915 Hopkin and Williams (Travancore) Ltd. was set up to mine monazite sand at a site in Travancore to secure supplies of the raw material to Thorium Ltd. (ACC/1037/732-735). A later successful development overseas was the purchase of the Sadarehe planatation in Java which was intended to secure supplies of cinchona bark for the production of quinine. Another company, James Anthony and Co. Ltd. (ACC/1037/790) was set up to run it, which it did until the planation was seized by the Japanese in 1943. War-time and post-war conditions made it impossible to revive production. In contrast the purchase of the Agatash plantation in British Guiana to grow limes for citric acid (ACC/1037/739-740) was a short-lived and unsuccessful venture.

The company had a long history of uninterrupted production and its products developed and changed over the years in large measure as the result of experimental work done by members of the Howard family and by their employees. It began by producing fine chemicals, many for the pharmaceutical industry, and by the 1830's Howard and Jewell's work on quinine was beginning to expand. For most of the remainder of the nineteenth century quinine production was the greatest profitable enterprise of the company (for which see ACC/1037/316-364 and especially B.F. Howard's treatise "Howards 1847-1947"). After the First World War it became clear, despite the success of Howards' Aspirin, that the company no longer led the market in chemicals for pharmacy, and a research laboratory was set up in 1919 to explore new fields. This resulted in the development of Howards' solvents and technical chemicals which became the mainstay of the company.

A surrender was the return of property held by lease or by copyhold to the lessor (the person leasing out the property) or the lord of the manor.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

A deposition was a statement providing evidence, taken down in writing to be read in court as a substitute for the production of the witness.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

This collection of deeds relating to the manor of Mockings in Tottenham 1340-1653, provides useful information about the ownership of the manor. The manor originated in the grant made by Edward III to Richard Spigurnel in 1335 of a third part of the manor of Bruces in Tottenham. Spigurnel conveyed his property to John de Mockyng of Somerset, which transaction was confirmed by an indenture of final agreement of 8th July 1340 (the earliest deed in this collection). John de Mockyng died in 1347 leaving the property to his son John, who died in 1360. The Mocking family gave their name to the manor, as is shown by a deed of 1427 first describing the property as the ""manor called Mokking"".

About 1360, it came into the hands of Roger Shipbroke and his wife Margaret who settled it on their daughter Margerie and her husband Helming Leget. Their grandson Thomas inherited it in 1427 but mortgaged it to John Gedeney, a wealthy draper and alderman of the City of London. John Gedeney retained Mockings and also acquired the remaining two thirds of Bruces and the other two Tottenham manors, Dawbeneys and Pembrokes. The four manors remained united after this and passed to Gedeney's daughter and her husband, and their daughter Thomasina and her husband John Risley. The Risleys left no surviving children, and the manors were regained by the crown and granted to Sir William Compton.

It is perhaps worth noting that the holders of this property probably did not live in Tottenham themselves but may have "farmed" or leased the manors to other people. Helming Leget was described as "of Essex", and John Gedeney leased Mokkings to Thomas Remmy, a goldsmith, in 1442, when the manor was in the tenure and occupation of Richard Pigot.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

Ealing College was founded in 1820 as a church school for boys, attached to Saint Mary's, Ealing. In 1879 it moved to larger premises and took both day pupils and boarders. However, its fortunes declined and in 1901 it was closed and the building sold. However, in 1925 nearby Acton College was re-founded as Ealing College (Upper School), a private school for boys.

The Reverend Ivor Roy Dowse, born 1935, was Chair of the Wembley History Society in 1970. As well as the history of Ealing College, he is also the author of "Brent Parish Churches : a short guide to the Parish Churches in the Rural Deanery of Brent"; "The pilgrim shrines of England" and "St. Andrew's Sudbury, Middlesex : the story of a modern church in an ancient parish".

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Airwork Limited, also known as Airwork Services Limited, is a wholly owned subsidiary company of VT Group plc. It has a long and rich history in providing a variety of defence support services to the Royal Air Force (RAF), Fleet Air Arm and overseas air forces as well as having played an important role in the development of civil aviation - both in the United Kingdom and abroad.

Airwork was founded in 1928 by Sir Nigel Norman and Alan Muntz with the opening of the private Heston Aerodrome, then in Middlesex, registering at Companies House in December 1936.

Airwork moved out of Heston in 1935 due to a lack of adequate space and relocated to Gatwick where it continued with a contract to maintain Whitley bombers for the RAF.

Torrington Park, part of Henry Holden's Friern Park estate lying east of the Great North Road, was already being built up by 1872, when his land on the western boundary of the parish was misleadingly advertised as 'Torrington Park', a freehold building estate. Most of the same estate (34 acres) was offered again in 1900 after Holden's death, by which time most of his land east of Holden Road had been built up. 'Artistic villas' were under construction in Westbury Road to the south in 1910 and land in Woodside Avenue was offered for good-class housing in 1914.

From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6: Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate (1980), pp. 38-55 (available online).

The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.

The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d. 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.

For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

The manor of Isleworth or Isleworth Syon seems to have included land in Heston, Isleworth and Twickenham. In 1086 it belonged to Walter of Saint Valery, one of William the Conqueror's companions. The land subsequently passed into royal possession and was granted to Queen Isabel in 1327 and Queen Philippa in 1330. In 1421 the king granted Isleworth to the newly created abbey of Syon, in whose possession it remained until 1539. The Abbey was suppressed in 1539 and in 1547 the Duke of Somerset secured a grant of the estate to himself, which he held until his execution in 1552, although his widow continued to live at the manor until ordered to leave in 1554. The Crown leased the lands to various tenants until 1598 when Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, secured the tenancy rights. In 1604 he received a grant in fee of the house and manor with the park. The property descended to his heirs including Charles, Duke of Somerset (died 1748) and his son the Earl of Northumberland. Their descendants still owned Syon in 1958.

One notable event in the later history of the manor occurred in 1656. In that year articles of agreement were drawn up between Algernon, Earl of Northumberland, lord of the manor of Isleworth Syon, and Sir Thomas Ingram and other principal copyhold tenants. These articles established certain of the customs of the manor on a firm basis. Fines and heriots were to be certain and not arbitrary, at the will of the lord. The tenure of customary and was to be by Borough English, whereby the youngest son of a copy holder inherited on the death of his father. These articles were signed on 20 May 1656 and were confirmed by a decree in Chancery, 28 June 1656 (see ACC/1379/330 and partial transcript in History of Syon and Isleworth by G. Aungier p.206). A printed tract called Isleworth Syon's Peace was to be published in 1657 and according to Aungier was to be placed in the Isleworth parish chest. London Metropolitan Archives possesses copies in ACC/0479 and ACC/1379.

An order made by the Middlesex Quarter Sessions in 1705 that the "petty sessions" for the several divisions of the county should be held "at the known and usual place" indicates that their existence must have been well recognised by then. The divisional arrangement in the County was based to a large extent upon the old administrative area known as a 'hundred'.

Lord Howard had been accused of being the author of a seditious pamphlet, "The True Englishman", which advocated the overthrow of the King and his replacement by the Duke of Monmouth. According to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "With two footmen he assaulted an informer in April 1681, and the victim repaid him by accusing him of seditious language. Falsely charged with having written The True Englishman, which accused Charles of arbitrary rule, he was arrested on 11 June. In the king's bench he protested his innocence, and, with Algernon Sidney's assistance, persuaded the government to drop the case in the absence of credible witnesses." Richard L. Greaves, 'Howard, William, third Baron Howard of Escrick (c.1630-1694)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2009

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Islington Cemetery, 278 High Road, East Finchley, was founded in 1854. It was the first municipally owned cemetery in London.

The London Necropolis and National Mausoleum Company, later known as the London Necropolis Company, established the Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey in 1854, to ease pressure on crowded London burial grounds.

Vehicle and General Insurance Company Ltd was incorporated in September 1923 as a private company with the power to carry on insurance business. It went public in February 1961 and initiated a sales policy offering a high rate of No claims discount to careful private motorists. Expansion was rapid - a number of subsidiary companies were purchased (see ACC/2670/1126 for a detailed chart) and it was estimated that by 1970 they insured about 10 per cent of private motorists in the United Kingdom.

Originally operating from Rayners Lane, Middlesex, the firm moved its headquarters to Northwood, Middlesex and then, in May 1968, to Bushey, Hertfordshire. In 1963 a branch office had opened in Scotland - by 1971 there were ten such offices throughout the country.

On March 1, 1971 the Directors announced their intention of petitioning the court for the compulsory winding up of Vehicle and General along with five of its subsidiaries - Automobile and General Insurance Co. Ltd., Transport Indemnity Insurance Co. Ltd, and World Auxiliary Insurance Corporation Ltd. The Winding Up orders were issued on 22 March although World Anxiliary was granted an adjournment.

The inaugural meeting of the Polytechnic Harriers was held on September 5 1883 and from the beginning it was closely associated with the Polytechnic, Regent Street, founded by Quintin Hogg. Until 1886 the club concentrated purely on cross country running but quickly gained an international reputation for the high standard achieved by its members in all athletic disciplines. In 1975 the Harriers merged with Kingston AC and there is now little contact with the Polytechnic of Central London from which it originated.

The Central Synagogue was opened in 1855 on Great Portland Street, as a branch of the Great Synagogue on Duke's Place, and was initially administered by that Synagogue. It became independent in 1870, and was one of the five original synagogues which grouped together to form the United Synagogue in 1870. The Synagogue building was destroyed by enemy action in 1941, but was rebuilt from 1955 and reconsecrated in 1958. It remains a Constituent member of the United Synagogue.

In 1929 the Edgware Synagogue, a constituent of the United Synagogue, was founded, using a temporary building in Mowbray Road. The congregation expanded rapidly towards the end of the Second World War and in 1957 a large building in Edgware Way was built. The synagogue became a District Synagogue in 1937, and a Constituent Synagogue in 1954.

From: 'Edgware: Jews', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 167 (available online).

East Ham, Manor Park, and Ilford District Synagogue was situated in Carlyle Road. It opened in 1900 and became an Associate member of the United Synagogue in 1902. It was rebuilt in 1927. In 1947 an adjoining building was bought for use as a youth centre.

From: 'East Ham: Roman Catholicism, Nonconformity and Judaism', A History of the County of Essex: Volume 6 (1973), pp. 31-38 (available online).

Ellis Wolfe set up a charity by his will, to be called "Ellis Wolfe's Mite". It was to be administered by the Great, Hambro and New Synagogues for the relief of the poorer members of their congregation. The charity was set up in 1830.

Herbert Bentwich, a member of St John's Wood Synagogue was the first to suggest building a new synagogue to serve the growing Jewish population of Hampstead. He convened a meeting in May 1889 of interested parties to discuss the issue. The original ideals of the members of this 'provisional committee' fell between those of the orthodox and reform Jewish traditions, although Bentwich was in favour of the orthodox tradition. Eventually it was agreed that the new congregation would join the United Synagogue and adopt orthodox practices.

The synagogue itself was built by the architect Delissa Joseph, Bentwich's brother-in-law, on a site at the corner of Dennington Park Road and West End Lane. The foundation stone was laid in March 1892 by the vice-president of the United Synagogue. The building was extended in 1900 to add more seating.

Hampstead Synagogue achieved many concessions from the Chief Rabbi with regard to the form of rituals and services, including agreement to the consecration of girls, which began at the synagogue in 1965. Music has always been very important at Hampstead Synagogue and despite not being allowed to perform at the consecration of the synagogue itself, a mixed-sex choir performed at services with tacit agreement from the Chief Rabbi until it was disbanded in 1986. Samuel Alman, who was choirmaster at the synagogue from 1916, composed many new settings for songs used in services, many of which were composed for use at Hampstead.

The synagogue's Ladies Guild was formed in October 1892. Its objectives were to make and collect garments for the poor, promote welfare work in Hampstead and to carry out visitation work in the East End of London.

Hebrew religious education was another important aspect of Hampstead's work and A.A. Green, minister at Hampstead from the beginning, ran the classes. After requests from his advanced class, Reverend Green agreed to invite speakers on the New Testament to the classes. The Chief Rabbi did not disallow the practice but after strong protests from the Jewish community it was abandoned in December 1921.

A community centre was built on land adjoining the synagogue between 1962 and 1965 and the synagogue itself underwent a major refurbishment between 2005 and 2009.