Foundation of the Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1907, with Sir Patrick Manson (then Dr) as President and Ronald Ross as Vice-President, by James Cantlie (later Sir James Cantlie) and George Carmichael Low. The objectives of the Society, which have remained vitually unchanged since, were the ' ... study and discussion of diseases met with in tropical [warm] countries involving ... medical men with tropical experience [and] every medical man engaged in the practice of medicine wherever his lot may be cast'; permssion granted by George V for the Society to call itself the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1920; RSTMH moved to its current premises, Manson House, 26 Portland Place (designed by Robert Adam in 1778), 1931; first ordinary meeting held in new building. Jan 1932; formal opening of the new building by HRH the Prince of Wales, March 1932.
Born in Clapham in 1861 of an English (Civil Servant) father and an Irish mother. At the age of 8 he went to Ushaw and at 16 to St Edmund's College, Ware. He tried his vocation with the Dominicans at Woodchester, but in 1880 aged 19 he went to Hammersmith College and then at 20, on to St Sulpice in Paris. After 2 years there he went to Louvain. He was ordained in Clapham in 1884 when he was 23.
Five years later he was appointed Rector of St John's Seminary Wonersh. In 1896 he was Coadjutor Bishop of Southwark and Archbishop of Westminster 1903-1935. During the Eucharistic Congress in London (1908) he defied a Government ban on public processions of the Blessed Sacrament by giving the Blessing from the Cathedral Loggia. He became Cardinal with the titular Church of Santa Pudenziana when he was 40 in 1911.
He became known for his patriotic speeches during the First World War, he upheld the rights of the Arabs in Palestine, was a fervent supporter of Catholic schools, denounced the violence in Ireland, reproved the Modernists, and was luke-warm towards inter-faith talks. He opposed the idea of a separate Catholic University and a Catholic Political Party. He died 1 January, 1935, aged 73.
The Westminster chapter of the Catholic Evidence Guild, was commissioned by the Archbishop of Westminster in London, 1918. The purpose of the guild was to prepare the way to conversions to Roman Catholicism by overcoming incorrect impressions about the Church and its teachings. The best known site for its talks was Speakers' Corner, Hyde Park and Tower Hill was another favorite location. Weather permitting, the guild was active twice a week except during the coldest months. Members trained two other nights each week, deepening their knowledge of the subject for their talk, gaining a broad perspective of the main points of Catholic teaching, giving practice talks, and learning how to deal with hostile crowds. The guild in England was primarily composed of dedicated lay people but also included a few priests.
Born Liverpool, 25 September 1889. He was educated at Ushaw and at the Venerable English College, where he was ordained in 1916 during the First World War. He gained his Doctorate the following year. He then taught Classics, Philosophy and Theology at Ushaw for 12 years.
In 1930 he was appointed Rector of the College where during the next 8 years he watched Mussolini's rise to power. He was known affectionately to his students despite his strictness as 'Uncle Bill'.
In 1938 he became the first Apostolic Delegate to Great Britain, Gibraltar and Malta and he served in this post with such discretion that in 1953, long after the war, he became Archbishop of Liverpool and Archbishop of Westminster 1956-1962. He was created Cardinal Priest of Santi Nereo e Achilleo on 15 December 1958. He died in London on 22 January 1963 aged 73.
St Edmund's College was originally founded in Douai, in 1568, by Cardinal William Allen. Originally intended as a seminary to prepare priests to work in England, it soon also became a boys' school for Catholics, debarred from having such institutions in their own country. During the French Revolution, the College transferred to England to the 'Old Hall Academy' in Hertfordshire, 1793. The Academy was then renamed St Edmund's College. The era of Vicars Apostolic ended in 1850 with the restoration of the Hierarchy. In 1869 the Archbishop of Westminster, Henry Edward Manning, set up a seminary in
Hammersmith, and so for the first time St Edmund's ceased to be a theological
college. In 1874, during the Presidency of Monsignor James Patterson, the junior boys were separated from the rest of the College into Saint Hugh's Preparatory School, in a house originally built by Pugin for the Oxford convert WG Ward. In 1893, his son, Bernard Ward, was appointed President of the College and he started a scheme of rebuilding and improvements.
The College continued as a boys' school and seminary until 1975, around the same time as girls from the adjacent Poles Convent were first admitted into the Sixth Form. The College became fully co-educational in 1986.
The Vicariate Apostolic of the London District was an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in England, 1688-1850. There were four Catholic jurisdictions in England and Wales: the London District, the Western District, the Midland District and the Northern District.
The Vicars Apostolic of the London District were:
Bishop John Leyburn, (1688-1702), formerly Vicar Apostolic of England (1685-1688)
Bishop Bonaventure Giffard, (1703-1734)
Bishop Benjamin Petre, (1734-1758)
Bishop Richard Challoner, (1758-1791)
Bishop James Robert Talbot, (1781-1789)
Bishop John Douglass, (1790-1812)
Bishop William Poynter, (1812-1827)
Bishop James Yorke Bramston, (1878-1836)
Bishop Thomas Griffiths, (1836-1847)
Bishop Thomas Walsh, (1847-1849)
Bishop Nicholas Wiseman, (1849-1850), later Archbishop.
Until 1856, the Vestry of Battersea was an open vestry, including all the ratepayers and with the Vicar as chair. After the 1855 Metropolis Management Act, the parish ceased to be seen as a rural parish and began being classed as a part of London. The Vestry was set up, and classed as part of the Wandsworth District Board of Works, along with Clapham, Wandsworth, Putney, Streatham and Tooting, where it had 12 representatives. The Highway Board and Inspectors of Lighting for Battersea were superseded, and their powers passed to the District Board of Works. From 1877 to 1887 various attempts were made to incorporate Battersea in its own right and after the Metropolis Management (Battersea and Westminster) Act, 1887 Battersea ceased to be represented on the Wandsworth District Board of Works and Battersea Vestry was incorporated. This meant it took on responsibility as the Sanitary, Highway and Sewer Authority for the parish and had to elect vestry-men. In 1888 the Vestry took possession of offices in Battersea Rise, purchasing them from the District Board of Works and in 1891 purchased the Elm Hill Estate on Lavender Hill to build a new Town Hall. The building, designed by E Mountford, was opened in 1893. The 1899 London Government Act wound up the vestry system and created Metropolitan Borough Councils, which took over from 1900.
Wandsworth Central Labour Party was renamed Tooting Labour Party in 1971.
St James' Infirmary, Sarsfeld Road, was opened by the Wandsworth Board of Guardians in 1910. It was linked to the nearby St James' Workhouse. In 1922 it was renamed St James' Hospital. There was an additional entrance in to the hospital in Ouseley Road. In 1930 the London County Council took over the management of the hospital. In 1948 with the introduction of the National Health Service the hospital passed in to the hands of the Wandsworth Hospital Group. It continued to expand steadily during this period, with the construction of a new Outpatients Department in 1953 followed by a new Central Block. The hospital closed in 1988 after merging with St George's Hospital, Tooting. The site was sold and the buildings demolished.
Wilson's Garage was located on Spanish Road, Wandsworth Common.
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Harry Frederick Cusden was born in Balham on 30 June 1870. His father Jonathan Cusden was a builder and later opened an off-licence at High Street, Tooting, near Longley Road. Jonathan Cusden was also a member of the old Tooting Vestry and was one of the first members of the Wandsworth Borough Council. Harry left school to work his father's business which had expanded to also sell groceries. Harry married Gertrude Mountier in September 1896 in Tooting Church. They first lived above the shop but later moved in to her family home in Devonshire Road, Colliers Wood. In 1893 Harry opened his own grocery shop in Longley Road, Tooting. He added an off-licence to the shop and as the area around Longley Road expanded so did the business. He added a butcher's department and greengrocery and soon had a row of shops in Longley Road. His business expanded and he opened 8 branches, including ones in St John's Hill, Clapham Junction; Garratt Lane, Earlsfield; Oldridge Road, Balham; Mitcham and Wimbledon. He was assisted by his two sons Harry and Fred. He also owned other properties in the borough. Harry was a founding member of the Balham and Tooting Traders' Association and was its chairman in 1904 and 1914. He also founded the Balham and Tooting Grocers' Association and during World War I initiated a system of group buying by local grocers. He was also a member of the Off-Licences Association and served as chairman for a time. He was elected to the Council of the National Federation of Off-Licence Holders' Associations in 1927 and served as chairman in 1929, 1939 and from 1943-1945. Harry was a close associate of A.J. Hurley. Hurley convinced him to stand as Councillor and they ran for election together. Harry's brother Albert also served on the Council for a while. Cusden and Hurley founded the Balham and Tooting branch of the National Federation of Demobilised Sailors and Soldiers after World War One, which afterwards became the local branch of the British Legion. Harry also served on the Mitcham Urban District Council following his move there. He was seriously injured in a car crash on Balham High Road in 1921. Harry remained in business through out the war. He was taken ill in December 1946 and took a step back from the business although remained interested. Many of his employees had been with him since they left school. He had two sons and a daughter who took over the running of the business on his death. Harry Cusden died aged 76 on 29 March 1947. He is buried at London Road cemetery, Figges Marsh.
The company was set up by five Morgan brothers who imported crucibles from Germany. Following the 1851 Great Exhibition they won a contract to import the new American crucibles. In 1856 they bought the manufacturing rights from the American company and opened a small factory in Battersea. In 1857 the company was called the Patent Plumbago Crucible Company and they exhibited their new range of crucibles at Crystal Palace. The company expanded and the name was changed to the Morgan Crucible Company in 1872. The company also produced ceramic fibres, carbon brushes and other goods.
The Metropolitan Borough of Battersea was created by the London Government Act 1899 from the former vestry of Battersea, and included Battersea, Battersea Park, Clapham Junction and parts of Wandsworth Common and Clapham Common. In 1965 the borough was combined with the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth to become the London Borough of Wandsworth. Battersea Town Hall, which was built by the Vestry of Battersea, was the administrative headquarters of the Metropolitan Borough, and was on Lavender Hill.
The Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth was formed as a result of the London Government Act 1899 from five civil parishes - Clapham, Putney, Streatham, Tooting Graveney and Wandsworth. Previously these parishes were administered by the Wandsworth District Board of Works. When the metropolitan boroughs were replaced in 1965 Clapham and Streatham became part of the London Borough of Lambeth, and Putney, Tooting and Wandsworth were combined with Battersea to form the London Borough of Wandsworth.
The school was founded in 1863 and was on Trinity Road. In 1894 a separate site was acquired as a department for the Boys School, which was later the Infants School. The original school was bomb damaged.
Battersea Polytechnic Institute was a purpose built college which was founded in 1891 and opened in February 1894. The building was located in Battersea Park Road on the former site of the Albert Palace and was designed by the architect Edward Mountford who also designed Battersea Library and Battersea Town Hall. The Institute took on a more scientific and technical leaning from 1920, leading it to be renamed the Battersea College of Technology in 1957. In 1966 it became the University of Surrey and moved out to premises in Guildford two years later.
The first Wandle School on Garratt Lane was opened in 1904. The school was badly damaged by bombing during World War Two. The school was rebuilt and was reopened for junior and infant pupils on 30 April 1952.
Sir Walter St John's School was founded in 1700 and existed in Battersea until its closure in 1986. The school was founded by Sir Walter St John, 3rd Baronet, of Battersea and Lydiard Tregoze, in order to educate 20 young boys of the parish. As Battersea grew, the school expanded and in 1859 the school moved into a new building on Battersea High Street where it remained until its closure.
Mayfield School was a girls secondary school in Putney. It was also known as the Putney County Secondary School. The school closed in 1986 when it merged with Garratt Green school.
Streatham College for Girls was originally called Streatham High School when it opened in May 1886. It was opened by a Miss van Dordt and was located in Gleneldon Road, Streatham. In 1889 the school moved to The Shrubbery in Streatham High Road. Miss Amy Lefroy was the school's second headmistress from May 1989 until July 1929. In July 1908 the school changed its name to Streatham College for Girls. The third headmistress was Miss A J Broad. The school was closed in July 1933 when the lease on the house could not be renewed.
The school was opened in 1866, and rebuilt in 1908. It was situated on the corner of Este Road and Batten Street, Battersea, and originally known as Christ Church Middle Class Day School for Boys, Girls and Infants.
The school was founded in 1828 on Roehampton Lane. The "bottom" school was built in 1835, and the "upper" school in 1854, originally intended as a separate school for boys.
The Conference of University Teachers of German (CUTG) was founded in 1932, with the aim of of meeting annually 'to discuss matters pertaining to the study of German in all its branches, to promote the study thereof, to encourage research, and generally to foster high standards of competence among university teachers of German'. Membership is open to any person who holds a full-time or part-time teaching or research appointment within the field of or including German Studies at a university in Great Britain or Ireland, or at a college within such a university.
Since 1967 the CUTG has published an annual survey of Research in Germanic Studies. In 1986 the Conference established a fund for Postgraduate Travelling Scholarships; further initiatives in recent years include the CUTG website (1996), the CUTG-sponsored e-mail discussion list german-studies (1998), a series of annual publications of proceedings from the meetings of the Conference, and further funds to support Publication Scholarships and an annual Essay Prize.
Mary Beare; born Ballymoney, Northern Ireland, 1897; educated at Queen's University Belfast, (BA 1924, with 1st Class Honours in French and German) and University of Bonn (PhD 1927); Fellow and Director of Studies in Modern Languages, Newnham College Cambridge, 1936-1947; Lecturer in German, University of Cambridge, 1939-1947; Head of Department and Reader in German, Westfield College London, 1947-1964; Vice-Principal of Westfield College, 1948-1951; Visiting Professor, University College, Toronto, 1959-1960
Publications: Die Theorie der Komödie von Gottsched bis Jean Paul, Bonn, Rhenania-Verlag, G.m.b.H., [1927]; The German popular play Atis, and the Venetian opera: a study of the conversion of operas into popular plays, 1675-1722, Cambridge, CUP, (1938); Hans Sachs: selections , Durham Modern Language Series, University of Durham, 1983; articles on Hans Sachs in the Modern Language Review, German Life and Letters, contributions to Chambers and Cassells Encycolopedias
Sylvia Clare Harris b 1931: MA (London) 1954 with thesis An early New High German translation of the Historia trium regum by Johannes de Hildesheim edited from Pap. Man. no. 15, Stadt- und Stiftsarchiv, Aschaffenburg.
Stella Alexander (b. 1912) has written several books on religion in Yugoslavia
Henry Leonard Wilson was born at Sheffield on 17 May 1897, the only child of Cecil Henry Wilson, Labour MP, JP, and gold and silver refiner of Sheffield. The family was Congregationalist, and Wilson was sent to a Quaker school at Stramongate, Kendal. He left school in 1914 to work in a bank and train for the family business. However, conscription began and, as a conscientious objector, he joined the Friends' Ambulance Unit. At the end of the War he entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, to study medicine. It was whilst a student that he became a member of the Society of Friends. During his studies at Cambridge and St Bartholomew's Hospital (St Barts), where he was house physician, he won several prizes. He qualified with the conjoint diploma in 1925. Also in 1925 he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians.
After graduating MB BChir in 1927, he became clinical assistant at the Bethlem Royal Hospital, and registrar and resident medical officer at Maida Vale Hospital. From 1929-31 he was senior assistant physician at the Retreat in York. In 1931 he returned to London and became medical superintendent at Bowden House, Harrow, under the psychologist Hugh Crichton-Miller, and physician to the Institute of Medical Psychology. In 1932 he graduated MD, and in the following year was appointed clinical assistant in psychological medicine at St Barts.
In 1936 Wilson joined the Department of Neurology at the London Hospital, as clinical assistant to the neurologists George Riddoch and Walter Russell Brain. During the Blitz of the Second World War, 1940, he displayed `highly original qualities' establishing a service for psychiatric casualties at the Hospital (Munk's Roll, 1982, p.468). He was a pioneer in the field of psychiatry, and his strength lay in his clinical skills. Wilson was instrumental in forming the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry in 1942, and joined the consulting staff as physician. He held this position for twenty years, inaugurating a modern psychiatric service at the Hospital. In 1943 Wilson became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.
Wilson made many contributions to medical journals including The Lancet, the British Medical Journal, The Practitioner, the London Hospital Gazette, and various specialised psychiatric journals. He was said to be `expert in the psychiatric analysis of historical and literary characters' (ibid).
Wilson had been a member of the Medical Art Society since its early years, and was an accomplished water-colourist. In 1947 he became the Society's honorary secretary, and in 1951 its vice-president, serving in this office until his death. Wilson was an examiner for the Royal College of Physicians for 1951-55, and 1959-62. In 1952 he was vice-president of the Section of Psychiatry at the Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association.
In 1961, on Brain's retirement, Wilson became head of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry. He retired from the London Hospital in 1962, and moved from London to Cambridge. He was president of the Section of Psychiatry of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1962-63.
He had married in 1927 Ruth Taylor of Letchworth, with whom he had two sons and one daughter. He suffered much ill health throughout his life, for prolonged periods in later years. Wilson died in the London Hospital on 8 April 1968, at the age of 70.
James Wilson was born, 1765; surgeon and from 1799 teacher of anatomy at the Hunterian School of Medicine in Great Windmill Street, London; father of James Arthur Wilson; died, 1821.
James Arthur Wilson was born, 1795; educated: Westminster School, 1808; Christ Church, Oxford, 1812-1815; entered his father's school in Great Windmill Street; studied at Edinburgh, 1817; MA at Oxford, 1818; MB, 1819; MD, 1823. Travelled through France and Switzerland to Italy as Physician to George John Spencer, second Earl Spencer, and his wife, 1819-1820; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1825; practised in London and was Physician to the Lisson Grove establishment, 1829; Censor of the Royal College of Physicians, 1828 and 1851; Physician to St George's Hospital, 1829-1857; consulting physician to St George's Hospital, 1857-; left London for Dorking, 1869; died, 1882.
Nathaniel Bedford was born in 1757. In 1776 he served a years apprenticeship under John Gunning at St George's hospital. He qualified under the auspices of the Company of Surgeons as Second Mate, First Rate, March 5 1778 and as Surgeon, 5th Rate on April 19 1781. In December 1781 Bedford, joined the 'Formidable' as Surgeon. It was docked at Portsmouth and left in January 1782 sailing for the West Indies. Bedford was appointed Surgeon to the 'Ardent' in June 1782, soon after that he joined the 'Conqueror' in Barbados and sailed with it to New York and Boston and then back to Barbados. In December 1782 the ship sailed to Antigua and Guadeloupe and then to English Harbour returning to England in July 1783. The rest of Bedford's life and career is not known.
Frederick Wood Jones FRS 1925; MRCS 1904; FRCS 1930; LRCP 1904; BSc London 1903; MB; BS 1904; D.Sc. London 1910, Adelaide 1920, Melbourne 1934 FRACS 1935; FZS. Medical Officer Cocos Keeling islands 1905-1906; Anatomy Department St Thomas' 1908-1912; Professor of Anatomy Royal Free Hospital 1912-1919; Professor of Anatomy Adelaide University 1919-26; Professor of Anthropology University of Hawaii 1926-1930; Professor of Anatomy Melbourne University 1930-1938; Professor of Anatomy University of Manchester 1938-1945; Professor of Comparative and Human Anatomy Royal College of Surgeons of England 1945-1951; Honorary Conservator 1951-1954.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay on 30 December 1865. He was the son of the architectural sculptor and designer John Lockwood Kipling (1837-1911) and a cousin of Stanley Baldwin (1867-1947). He was educated at United Services College, Westward Ho! North Devon. In 1882, he joined the staff of the Civil and military gazette and pioneer in Lahore, and became Assistant Editor serving until 1889. He then settled in London though travelled widely in China, Japan, America, Africa, and Australia. From 1902 he lived in Burwash. His early writing included Plain tales from the hills (1887), Soldiers three and Wee Willie Winkie . Other stories and verse such as The light that failed (1891), The jungle book (1894), Second jungle book (1895), and Captains Courageous (1897) brought him to the height of his fame. His publications also included Barrack-room ballads (1897), Kim (1901), the Just so stories for little children (1902), Puck of Pook's hill (1906), and A school history of England (1911). In 1907 Kipling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Rudyard Kipling, who was a cousin of Stanley Baldwin, died on 18 January 1936.
Born, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, 1783; educated, private school at Gloucester; apprenticed to John Abernethy, 1799; Demonstrator of Anatomy, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1801-1813; Member, 1805, Fellow, 1813, Royal College of Surgeons of England; Assistant Surgeon, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1813; Surgeon, London Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye, 1814; Surgeon, Royal Hospitals of Bridewell and Bethlehem, 1815; Surgeon, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1824-1865; Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1815; Lecturer on Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1829-1862; President, Medical and Chirurgical Society, 1831; Member of the Council, 1828, Examiner, 1840-1867, President 1846 and 1855, Royal College of Surgeons of England; Hunterian Orator, 1834, 1846; Surgeon Extraordinary; Sergeant-Surgeons to Queen Victoria, 1857; created baronet, 1867; died, London, 1867.
Publications include: Description of the Mouth, Nose, Larynx, and Pharynx (1809); A treatise on ruptures, containing an anatomical description of each species second edition (London, J Callow, 1810); An Introduction to Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, being the two introductory lectures delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons (London, 1816); Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and the Natural History of Man (London, 1819); A Short System of Comparative Anatomy, translated from the German ... by William Lawrence Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (W Simpkin & R Marshall, London, 1827); Lectures on Surgery, medical and operative, as delivered in the theatre of St. Bartholomew's Hospital (F C Westley, London, [1830?]);A treatise on the venereal diseases of the eye (London, 1830); A treatise on the Diseases of the Eye (London, 1833); The Hunterian Oration delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons...1834 (J Churchill, London, 1834); The Hunterian Oration, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons...1846 (London, 1846); Lectures on Surgery delivered in St Bartholomew's Hospital (J Churchill, London, 1863).
Born in Upton, Essex, 1827; educated at London's University College Hospital, graduating with B.A. and M.B. in 1852; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1852; moved to Edinburgh to build on his surgical experience, 1853; elected to vacancies at the Royal Infirmary and at the Royal College of Surgeons; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, 1855; Professor of Surgery at Glasgow University and a surgeon at the city's Royal Infirmary, 1860; Regius Professor of Surgery at Edinburgh University, 1869; Professor of Surgery at King's College, London, 1877; famous for his work on antiseptics in surgery, continuing the research of Louis Pasteur on air-borne organisms. He realised that some organisms could cause post-operative wound infections such as tetanus, blood-poisoning, and gangrene. He countered this by using carbolic acid soaked in lint or calico around the wound and replaced slow-to-absorb silk stitching with cat-gut stitching which absorbed the carbolic acid more easily. He also experimented with gauze swabs and a disinfectant spray for operating theatres; appointed Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Victoria, 1878; created a Baron, 1897; died, 1912.
Publications include: Amputation. Anæsthetics (1860); Introductory Lectures delivered in the University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, 1869); Observations on ligatures of arteries on the antiseptic system. From the Lancet, April 3, 1869 (Edmonton & Douglas: Edinburgh, 1869); On the effects of the Antiseptic System of Treatment upon the salubrity of a Surgical Hospital (Edinburgh, 1870); New Designs in plans for the internal arrangement of Back to Back Houses (Leeds, 1907); The third Huxley lecture. delivered before the Medical School of Charing Cross Hospital (1907); The Collected Papers of Joseph, Baron Lister. [With plates.] 2 vol. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1909); Six papers by Lord Lister (London, 1921); Eight Letters ... to William Sharpey Reprinted from The British Journal of Surgery (J Wright & Sons, Bristol, 1933); A List of the Original Writings of Joseph Lord Lister, O.M. William Richard Lefanu (E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh & London, 1965).
The London Lock Hospital was founded in 1746, by William Bromfeild, it was the first voluntary hospital for venereal diseases. It was taken over by the National Health Service in 1948 and closed in 1953.
The original building for the hospital was at Grosvenor Place, near Hyde Park, (1746 - 1841). In 1842 it moved to Harrow Road, Westbourne Grove. A new building was opened in 1862 at Dean Street and Harrow Road became "The Female Hospital." Dean Street was for male, out patients. A new wing was opened at Dean Street in 1867 to make room for all the referrals from the War Office who had no facilities to fulfil their obligations under the Contagious Diseases Act 1864, the number of patients significantly declined after the act was repealed in 1886.
The Female Hospital added a maternity unit in 1917 and at the request of the London County Council a special unit for mentally defective women with venereal disease was opened shortly after. An eye clinic, an electro-therapeutic department and an genito-urinary unit opened in the 1920's. The latter treated a wide range of gynaecological conditions which were not obviously venereal in origin. During the Second World War The Female Hospital was requisitioned by the War Office for use as a Military Isolation Hospital. Clinics continued during the war at Dean Street for both male and female patients.
In 1758 Revd. Martin Madan became the Honorary Chaplain and built a chapel, seating 800, which opened in 1865. The rent of pews provided income for the hospital. Madan, a follower of John Wesley, introduced singing of hymns by the whole congregation and published a book of hymns with music as used in the chapel. Madan was forced to resign in 1780 after publishing "Thelyphthora or Female Ruin" which advocated the solution to prostitution in polygamy. From 1889 the management of the chapel moved to the congregants and it was renamed "Christ's Church".
The Lock Asylum for the Reception of Penitent Female Patients (also known as the Lock Rescue Home) was proposed in 1787 and opened in 1792 with the aim of providing a refuge/reformatory for women with venereal diseases who had been treated at the Lock Hospital, but had no steady life to which to return. The girls were taught needlework and other skills which it was hoped would fit them for service. It originally occupied buildings at Osnaburg Row but moved to a building opposite the Cannon Bewery in Knightsbridge in 1812 and to Lower Eaton Street in 1816. However, Lower Eaton Street was felt to be too far from the chapel at Grosvenor Square. The Asylum moved to the new building in Harrow Road in 1849 and changed its name to "Rescue Home" in 1893. The full name of the London Lock now being the London Lock Hospital and Rescue Home.
Born, Lancaster, 1804; educated, Lancaster Grammar School; enlisted as a midshipman in the Royal Navy; became interested in surgery; returned to Lancaster and became indentured to a local surgeon, 1820; became interested in anatomy; entered the University of Edinburgh medical school, 1824; privately attended the lectures of Dr John Barclay; moved to London and became apprentice to John Abernethy, surgeon and philosopher and President of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1825; member, Royal College of Surgeons, 1826; Assistant Curator, Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1827 and commenced work cataloguing the collection; set up a private practice in Lincoln's Inn Fields; Lecturer on comparative anatomy, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1829; met Georges Cuvier in 1830 and attended the 1831 debates between Cuvier and Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, Paris; worked in the dissecting rooms and public galleries of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, 1831; published anatomical work on the cephalopod Nautilus; started the Zoological Magazine, 1833; worked on the fossil vertebrates brought back by Darwin on the Beagle; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1834; Hunterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, 1836-1856; gave his first series of Hunterian Lectures to the public, 1837; awarded the Wollaston gold medal by the Geological Society, 1838; helped found the Royal Microscopical Society, 1839; identified the extinct moa of New Zealand from a bone fragment, 1839; refused a knighthood, 1842; examination of reptile-like fossil bones found in southern England led him to identify "a distinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles" he named Dinosauria, 1842; developed his concept of homology and of a common structural plan for all vertebrates or 'archetype'; Joint Conservator of the Hunterian Museum with William Clift, 1842, and Conservator, 1849; elected to 'The Club', founded by Dr Johnson, 1845; member of the government commission for inquiring into the health of London, 1847, Smithfield and other meat markets, 1849; described the anatomy of the newly discovered (in 1847) species of ape, the gorilla, [1865]; engaged in a long running public debate with Thomas Henry Huxley on the evolution of humans from apes; member of the preliminary Committee of organisation for the Great Exhibition of 1851; Superintendent of the natural history collections at the British Museum, 1856; began researches on the collections, publishing many papers on specimens; prosector for the London Zoo, dissecting and preserving any zoo animals that died in captivity; taught natural history to Queen Victoria's children, 1860; reported on the first specimen of an unusual Jurassic bird fossil from Germany, Archaeopteryx lithographica, 1863; lectured on fossils at the Museum of Practical Geology; Fullerian Professor of Physiology at the Royal Institution, 1859-1861; taxonomic work included a number of important discoveries as he named and described a vast number of living and fossil vertebrates; campaigned to make the natural history departments of the British Museum into a separate museum, leading to the construction of a new building in South Kensington to house the new British Museum (Natural History), opened in 1881; [now the Natural History Museum;] knighted, 1884; died, Richmond, 1892.
Publications include: Memoir on the pearly nautilus (1832); The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle pt. 1. Fossil Mammalia: by Richard Owen (Smith, Elder & Co, London, 1840); Odontography 2 vol (London, 1840-45); Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Invertebrate Animals, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1843 ... From notes taken by W. W. Cooper (London, 1843-46); Report on the State of Lancaster (W. Clowes & Sons, London, 1845); A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds (London, 1846); On the archetype and homologies of the Vertebrate Skeleton (London, 1848); A History of British Fossil Reptiles (Cassell & Co, London, 1849-84); Descriptive catalogue of the Osteological Series contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons (London, 1853); On the classification and geographical distribution of the Mammalia (London, 1859); Palæontology, or a systematic summary of Extinct Animals and their geological relations (Edinburgh, 1860); Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the cretaceous and Purbeck Strata (1860); Memoir on the Megatherium; or, Giant Ground-Sloth of America (London, 1861); Description of the skeleton of an extinct gigantic Sloth, Mylodon Robustus (London, 1862); Inaugural Address .. on the opening of the New Philosophical Hall at Leeds (Leeds, 1862); On the extent and aims of a National Museum of Natural History (London, 1862); Memoir on the Gorilla (London, 1865); On the Anatomy of Vertebrates 3 vol (Longmans, Green & Co, London, 1866-68); Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the collection of the British Museum (London, 1876); Researches on the fossil remains of the Extinct Mammals of Australia; with a notice of the extinct Marsupials of England 2 vol (London, 1877); Memoirs of the extinct Wingless Birds of New Zealand (London, 1879); International Medical Congress. On the scientific status of medicine (J W Kolckmann, London, 1881); Experimental Physiology, its benefits to mankind (Longmans & Co, London, 1882).
Born Great Yarmouth, 1814; educated at a private school, Yarmouth; apprenticed to Charles Costerton, surgeon, in Yarmouth, 1830; entered as a student at St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1834; identified the parasite Trichina spiralis whilst studying at the hospital, 1835; clinical clerk to Dr Latham, 1835-1836; member, Royal College of Surgeons, 1836; sub-editor of the Medical Gazette, 1837-1842; Curator of the museum, 1837 and Demonstrator in morbid anatomy, 1839-1943, St Bartholomew's Hospital; Fellow, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1843; Lecturer on general anatomy and physiology, 1843 and Warden of the College for students, 1843-1851, St Bartholomew's Hospital; prepared a catalogue of the anatomical museum of St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1846; prepared a catalogue of the pathological specimens in the Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1846-1849; Arris and Gale Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, 1847-1852; Assistant Surgeon, 1847-1861, St Bartholomew's Hospital; Fellow, Royal Society, 1851; Surgeon-Extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1858; member of the Senate, University of London, 1860; lectured in physiology, 1859-1861, Surgeon, 1861-1871 and Lecturer on Surgery, 1865-1869, St Bartholomew's Hospital; member, 1865-1889, Vice-President, 1873, 1874, President, 1875, of the Council, Royal College of Surgeons; Serjeant-Surgeon-Extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1867-1877; Consulting Surgeon, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1869; President, Clinical Society, 1869; created Baronet, 1871; President, Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 1875; representative of the Royal College of Surgeons at the General Medical Council, 1876-1881; Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Victoria, 1877; Hunterian Orator, 1877; President, International Congress of Medicine, 1881; Bradshaw Lecturer, 1882; Vice-Chancellor, University of London, 1883-1895; Morton Lecturer, 1887; President, Pathological Society of London, 1887; died, London, 1899.
Publications include: Sketch of the Natural History of Yarmouth and its Neighbourhood, containing catalogues of the species of animals, birds, reptiles, fish, insects, and plants, at present known with Charles J Paget (F Skill, Yarmouth, 1834); Report on the chief results obtained by the use of the Microscope, in the study of human anatomy and physiology (London, 1842); The Motives to Industry in the study of Medicine. An address (London, 1846); Records of Harvey, in extracts from the journals of the Royal Hospital of St Bartholomew William Harvey With notes by J Paget (London, 1846); A Descriptive Catalogue of the Anatomical Museum of St Bartholomews' Hospital [vol 1, 2] (London, 1846-1862); Hand-Book of Physiology By W S Kirkes assisted by J Paget (Taylor, Walton & Maberly; John Murray, London, 1848-); Lectures on the processes of Repair and Reproduction after Injuries (London, 1849); Lectures on Surgical Pathology, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England (2 vol London, 1853); Sinus and Fistula -Ulcers -Tumours (innocent) -Contusions -Wounds (1860); On the importance of the study of Physiology, as a branch of education for all classes (1867); Clinical Lectures and Essays Edited by H Marsh (London, 1875); The Hunterian Oration delivered ... on the 13th of February, 1877 (London, 1877); The Contrast of Temperance with Abstinence [1879]; Theology and Science. An address (Rivingtons, London, 1881); Descriptive catalogue of the Pathological Specimens contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. Supplement Second edition with G F Goodhart and A H G Doran (J & A Churchill, London, 1882); On some rare and new diseases; suggestions for the study of part of the natural history of disease. The Bradshawe Lecture, ... 1882 (London, 1883); The Morton Lecture on Cancer and Cancerous Diseases delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons (Longmans & Co, London, 1887); Studies of old Case-Books (Longmans & Co, London, 1891); Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget Edited by Stephen Paget (Longmans & Co, London, 1901); Three Selected Papers. I On the Relation between the Symmetry and Diseases of the Body, 1841. II On Disease of the Mammary Areola preceding Cancer of the Mammary Gland, 1874. III On a Form of Chronic Inflammation of Bones (Osteitis deformans), 1876 (London, New Sydenham Society, 1901); Selected Essays and Addresses Edited by Stephen Paget (Longmans & Co, London, 1902).
Born, Langport, Somerset, 1815; educated by his father; gained an interest in microscopes early in life; at sixteen gave a course of lectures to the pupils of his school; apprenticed to a surgeon at Langport, and moved to London as apprentice to his brother Edwin; student at the London Hospital Medical College, and at Kings College; Royal Microscopical Society was founded in 1839 as the Microscopical Society of London in the house of Edward Quekett; qualified, 1840; won a three year Studentship in Human and Comparative Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons; lectured on histology; Secretary, Microscopical Society, 1841-1860; Assistant Conservator of the Hunterian Museum, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1843; Demonstrator of Minute Anatomy, 1844-1852; his collection of 2,500 microscopical preparations purchased by the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1846; Professor in Histology at the Royal College of Surgeons, 1852; gave some instruction to Prince Albert on the use of his microscope; Conservator of the Hunterian Museum, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1856; Fellow of the Linnean Society, 1857; Fellow and President of the Royal Society, 1860; died Pangbourne, Berkshire, 1861; Quekett Microscopic Club was named in his honour, 1865.
Publications: A Practical Treatise on the Use of the Microscope (London, 1848); Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the Histological Series contained in the Museum of the Royal College, etc. Vol. 1. Elementary tissues of vegetables and animals [By J T Duckett] (London, 1850); Lectures on Histology ... Elementary Tissues of Plants and Animals ... Illustrated by woodcuts 2 vol (London, 1852-54); Lectures of Histology Vol 11 structure of the skeleton of plants and invertebrate animals (Bailliere 1854).
William Clift was born in Cornwall in 1775, and was educated locally. He became an apprentice anatomical assistant to the celebrated surgeon John Hunter (1728-1793) in 1792. He was appointed conservator of the Hunterian Museum after Hunter's death. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1823, and was a member of the Society for Animal Chemistry. He died in 1849.
Benjamin Allen was born in Somerset in 1663. He was educated at St Pauls School and then Queen's College, Cambridge. He established a medical practice in Braintree, Essex in c 1688. He was a friend of John Ray (1627-1705), an eminent naturalist in Essex. Allen's first paper On the Manner of Generation of Eels was published by the Royal Society in 1698. He eventually published several naturalist and scientific papers. He died in 1738.
Aristophanes was born in c 445 BC. He was a Greek comic dramatist and was also known as the Father of Comedy and the Prince of Ancient Comedy. The Wasps was written in 422 BC. He died in c 386 BC.
The author of the translation is not known.
John Thomas Arlidge was born in Chatham, Kent, in 1822. He was an apprenticed to a general practitioner in Rochdale, and then studied at Kings College London, where he graduated in 1846. Also in 1846 he was elected as a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons. He worked as Physician at the West of London Hospital and Chelsea, Brompton and Belgravia Dispensary; Physician at the Surrey and Farringdon General Dispensary, and Resident Medical Superintendant at St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics. He published his paper On the state of lunacy and the legal provision for the insane, with observations on the construction and organization of asylums. in 1859. Arlidge was appointed a consultant physician to the North Staffordshire Infirmary in 1862, and was the first person to look systematically at life-expectancy in the pottery industry. He made important investigations into the disease known as potter's phthisis and the effects of lead poisoning. Arlidge published Hygiene, Diseases and Mortality of Occupations in 1892, which became his chief work. He was then appointed a member of the Royal Commission in 1893 on conditions of employment in the Potteries. He was elected Mayor of Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1878. He died in 1899.
Edward Percy Argyle was born in 1875. He qualified as a Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (London) in 1901 and saw service with the Army Veterinary Department in South Africa during the Boer War. On his return to England he was commissioned in the Royal Army Veterinary Corps. During World War One he served in France and Egypt, and served in the Gallipoli Campaign of 1915. He was awarded the DSO and Croix de Guerre in 1917. After the war he served in India. He became the Commandant of the Royal Army Veterinary School in 1929. He died in 1935.
No biographical information is currently known about Samuel Holland. He attended lectures in Edinburgh in 1740, from the evidence of these notes of lectures by Charles Alston, and also the notes of lectures by Alexander Munro, Primus, held at the Wellcome Library.
Charles Alston was born at Eddlewood, Lanarkshire in 1685. He was educated in Glasgow, and after his father's death, the Duchess of Hamilton became his patron. He studied in Leiden under the Dutch physician Hermann Boerhaave (1668-1738), in 1715. He also met Dr Alexander Monro, primus (1697-1767). On his return to Scotland, Alston was appointed lecturer in Botany and Materia Medica in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He also became the King's Botanist and Keeper of the Garden at Holyrood. He held both of these posts until his death in 1760.