Charles Barham was born at Truro on 9 March 1804. He was educated privately and then at Downs College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1821. He took his M B at Cambridge in 1827 and qualified for the higher degree of M D in 1860. In 1837 he settled in Truro, Cornwall, to practice medicine. He remained there for the rest of his life. In 1842 the Commission on the Employment of Children engaged his services. His report, with the evidence he collected, was printed in the published reports of the Commission. Barham died on 20 October 1884.
Evelyn Baring was born on 26 February 1841 at Cromer Hall, Norfolk He was educated at the Ordnance School, Carshalton; Woolwich, 1855-1858. In 1858 Baring entered the Royal Artillery, and was commissioned in 1870. He reached the rank of Major in 1876. Whilst in the Royal Artillery, Baring was stationed in the Ionian Islands, where he learnt Greek. Whilst there he took on secretarial duties before undertaking similar roles in Jamaica and India. In 1876 Baring was sent to Egypt where he became the Commissioner of Egyptian Public Debt between 1877-1879 and Controller-General in 1879. Baring was appointed a financial member of the Council of the Governor General of India in 1880. He returned to the imperial administration of Egypt in 1884, serving first as the Financial Assistant at the Conference in London on Egyptian Finance in 1884 and as Agent and Consul-General in Egypt between 1883-1907.
Baring was created Baron Cromer in 1892; Viscount Cromer in 1899 and Earl of Cromer in 1901. During his career in the army and the Civil Service, Baring was awarded the CIE, 1876; KCSI, 1883; CB 1885; KCB 1887; OM and GCMG 1888; and GCB 1895.
Baring wrote works on politics, the military and the classics. In 1910 he became chair of the Classical Association. He died in London on 21 January 1912.
Born in 1910; educated at Trent College and Brasenose College, Oxford; called to the Bar, Middle Temple, 1947; joined Reserve of Air Force Officers, 1930, and RAF, 1933; served in France, 1939-1940, and North Africa, 1942-1944, and at Bomber Command, 1944-1945; commanded Shield Force, Far East, 1945; served in Far East, 1945-1948; served in Egypt, 1950-1953; Air Attaché, Rome, 1955-1958; Commander, Royal Ceylon Air Force, 1958-1963; AVM, 1959; retired, 1963, died 2004.
Olivia Stuart Horner was the goddaughter of William Paton Ker and they corresponded frequently. Ker was Quain Professor of English Language and Literature at University College London from 1889 to 1922. Ker died at Macugnaga in 1923 while on a walking tour of Italy: Olivia was one of his party. Olivia married Ernest Barker in 1927 and had one son, Nicholas, and one daughter, Anne. Ernest Barker was knighted in 1944 and died in 1960. Olivia died in May 1976.
Sir Herbert Atkinson Barker was born in Southport, in 1869. He was educated in the grammar school at Kirkby Lonsdale, and then visited Canada for his health. On his return he was apprenticed to his cousin, John Atkinson, the bone-setter of Park Lane. Before he was twenty-one Barker set up practice on his own, and was successful in Manchester and Glasgow before he established himself in London. He soon fell foul of the medical profession which does not look kindly on people who practice without having received the traditional education of a teaching hospital, an attitude partly excused by the sincere wish to protect the public from quacks professing to cure disease. However Barker did cure patients, many of whom had failed to obtain relief from qualified doctors. Barker had many journalistic friends, such as R D Blumenfeld, to press his claims, and many of the patients whom he cured were well known in sporting and public life. The controversy reached its height after 1911 when Dr F W Axham was struck off the register for acting as anaesthetist for Barker. This action made Barker more popular with the public, and he gained further sympathy in 1917 when the refusal of his offer to treat soldiers was discussed in Parliament. It was eventually conceded that men might consult an unqualified person on their own responsibility. By this time many eminent people, including leading medical men, were seeking some sort of recognition of Barker's skill. The Archbishop of Canterbury in 1920 was asked to exercise his special powers and bestow on Barker the degree of doctor of medicine. Finally, Barker was knighted in 1922. He retired from regular practice soon afterwards and thereafter spent much of his time on the continent and in the Channel Islands. The animosity of the doctors gradually died down, and in 1936 Barker gave a demonstration of his skill before the British Orthopaedic Association at St Thomas's Hospital. Barker did make a contribution to humanity, not only in relieving suffering but also in stimulating doctors to make more use of this form of therapy. In 1941 he was elected as a manipulative surgeon to Noble's Hospital in the Isle of Man. There had been many bone-setters before Barker, but none attained his eminence. Barker had remarkable success and seemed to have the gift of healing. Experience taught him which patients were unlikely to benefit by his treatment, and his doctor friends were often inundated with patients, mostly incurable, sent to them by Barker. He died in 1950.
No further information available at present
A synagogue had been constructed at Heath Street in Barking by 1926. It was bought as part of a redevelopment scheme in 1939, after which the congregation met in various temporary buildings until amalgamation with Becontree Synagogue (previously an Associate member) in 1948. Barking synagogue was admitted as an Affiliated member of the United Synagogue in 1947; the combined synagogue retained Affiliated status.
Barlow entered the Navy in 1862, serving first in the Scylla, China Station, 1863 to 1867, and then in the Pacific. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1872 and joined the Immortalite, Detached Squadron, 1874 to 1877, followed by service in the Flamingo in the East Indies, 1877 to 1880. Promoted to commander in 1884, he was appointed to the Bacchante, flagship of the East Indies Station, 1885 to 1888, and was involved in the Burma War, 1885 to 1886. After his promotion to captain in 1889, he commanded the Orlando on the Australian Station and then the Empress of India and the Jupiter, both in the Channel, until 1899. He became Admiral Superintendent of Pembroke Dockyard, 1899 to 1902, and of Devonport, 1906 to 1908.
Henry Clark Barlow was born on 12 May 1806 in Surrey, the only child of Henry and Sophia Barlow. He was educated at schools in Gravesend and Bexley. In 1822 he was articled to the architect and surveyor George Smith of Mercer's Hall and soon afterwards he also began to study at the Royal Academy. Following an accidental wound to his right thumb which affected a nerve, he gave up his architectural work in 1827 and spent the next few years in private study and attending lectures. In 1831 he began a course in 'classical reading' at the University of Edinburgh. He stayed at Edinburgh for six years during which his interests covered a wide field: mathematics, metaphysics, philosophy of the mind, theology and natural sciences, with special emphasis on geology. In November 1831 he matriculated as a medical student without any intention of graduating in the subject, but on the persuasion of a friend he stayed on to become a doctor. After graduating, he spent a further winter in Edinburgh and then went to Paris where he attended hospitals and lectures on medicine and joined the Parisian Medical Society. During his time in Paris, Barlow also found time to pursue his two greatest interests: geology and the fine arts. He made a collection of the rocks and fossils of the Paris Basin and he frequently visited the Louvre. He had become a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1833: he was to become a fellow of the Geological Society in 1865. His love of geology and the arts, combined with that of travel, kept him fully occupied until the autumn of 1840. During that time he toured the British Isles and northern Europe. The winter of 1840-1841 was spent in making a detailed study of Italy and the Italian language in preparation for an extended stay in that country. He left England in May 1841 and travelled through Belgium, France and Switzerland, arriving in Milan in the autumn. He stayed in Italy until Christmas 1845 and made innumerable sketches and drawings of architecture, sculpture and painting which culminated in the writing of his histories of Italian sculpture and painting. Although he intended their publication he was never quite satisfied with them and they remained unpublished. Barlow spent the winter of 1844-1845 in Pisa where he 'discovered Dante' and 'led the life of a literary student ... The study and illustration of the Poet's work now took precedence of everything else'. He painstakingly examined Dante texts and also searched for the localities mentioned in the Divina Commedia in order to compile an album of original drawings illustrating Dante's great work. In 1846 he went to Florence where he became involved in the political movement for the unification of Italy. After further travel through Greece, Turkey, the Austrian Empire and Germany, Barlow returned to England. He began writing to the Morning Post a series of letters concerning diverse subjects, which continued until 1868, usually under the signature XYZ. In 1850 Barlow published his first paper relating to Dante, 'Remarks on the reading of the 59th verse of the 5th canto of the Inferno'. Other articles followed, many of which were printed in the Athenaeum between 1857 and 1874. During the 1850s he published some occasional verse, but his main work was the preparation of at least eight books or major essays on Dante, while at the same time planning a text of the Divina Commedia according to his interpretation of the codices studied, and a new translation in prose with a life of Dante. In 1858 he listed this material in 'Works on the Divina Commedia Preparing for Publication', which included a sample page from his 'Word Book of the Divina Commedia' and from his 'Critical, Historical and Philosophical Contributions to the Study of the Divina Commedia'. This last remains his most important work, and its publication in October 1864 was the result of years of study in European libraries. He dedicated the book to the approaching Festival of Dante at Florence, and was awarded a silver medal for it by the municipality of the city. Barlow attended the Festival of Dante held in 1865: he was the British representative appointed by the organizing committee. Ten days after the Festival in Florence, Dante's bones were discovered at Ravenna, so another Festival was hastily arranged. Barlow attended this too and sent an article to the Athenaeum describing both events: it was published on 9 September 1865. In recognition of his part in the organization of the Florence festival, Barlow was knighted by Victor Emmanuel II, who bestowed on him the title of Cavaliere dell'Ordine dei SS Maurizio e Lazzaro. Barlow continued to travel and study abroad. He was a corresponding member of the Accademia dei Quiriti of Rome from 1854 and an honorary fellow of the German Dante Society. He corresponded with many other Dante scholars, including Carl Witte and Lord Vernon. Although Barlow did not publish many of his projected works, he did much in preparation. Many of his original drawings to illustrate the Divina Commedia were finished and mounted, but the series is incomplete. No commentary on the Divina Commedia was ever published by him although he wrote three over the years. Among his published and unpublished works were several essays on medicine, symbolism and theology. His quest for knowledge and his love of travel never left him. He died aged 70 on 8 November 1876, while on a visit to Salzburg.
Thomas Barlow was born on 4 September 1845 at Brantwood Fold, Edgworth, near Bolton, Lancashire, the eldest son of James Barlow (1821-1887), mill-owner, and his wife Alice née Barnes (d. 1888). He attended local schools and in 1863 went to Owen's College Manchester to read natural science, graduating BSc. (London) in 1867. He went up to University College London to study medicine in 1868, and on qualifying in 1870 was appointed house physician to Sir William Jenner at University College Hospital. He was awarded his MB and BS in November 1873 (MD 1874). In April 1874 he was appointed medical registrar at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, which was to be the principal locus of Barlow's research activities. He later served successively as assistant physician and full physician at Great Ormond Street until 1899. He also held the posts of assistant physician at Charing Cross Hospital (1875 -77) and at the London Hospital (1877-80), and assistant physician and later full physician at University College Hospital from 1880 to 1910. From 1895 to 1907 Barlow held the Holme chair of clinical medicine.
Barlow made his name as a specialist in childhood diseases in the 1870s and '80s; he is above all associated with the isolation of infantile scurvy - so-called 'Barlow's disease' - as a disease distinct from rickets, with which it was routinely confused prior to the 1880s. In 1883 he published his first findings on infantile scurvy in a paper entitled 'On cases described as "acute rickets" ... the scurvy being an essential and the rickets a variable element', in Medico-Chirurgical Transactions,1883, 66: 199-220. He greatly expanded the number of cases investigated for his Bradshaw lecture of 1894, entitled 'Infantile scurvy and its relation to rickets'. Barlow also made significant research contributions in the areas of meningitis and rheumatic illness in children. Later he turned his attention to neurological illnesses such as Raynaud's disease and erythromelalgia.
Barlow enjoyed a successful private practice, based first in Montague Street, Bloomsbury, and from 1887 at number 10, Wimpole Street. His patients eventually included members of the highest social circles, such as the dukes of Grafton and Rutland, lords Selborne and Salisbury, and Randall Davidson, archbishop of Canterbury. In 1896 he was appointed physician to the royal household, and spent part of September 1897 deputising for Sir James Reid at Balmoral; from 1899 to 1901 he was physician-extraordinary to Queen Victoria, being present at her deathbed. He continued to hold appointments at court under Edward VII and George V. In 1901 he was created a baronet and later the same year appointed KCVO. In 1902 Barlow was one of the royal doctors who successfully piloted Edward VII though his appendectomy.
Barlow's was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1909, and served as President of the Royal College of Physicians from 1910 to 1914; in August 1913 he presided at the 17th International Medical Congress in London.
In December 1880 Barlow married Ada Helen Dalmahoy, a former ward sister at Great Ormond Street Hospital; they had three sons and two daughters, the younger of whom died in infancy. The eldest son was Sir (James) Alan Noel Barlow (1881-1968), the second was Sir Thomas Dalmahoy Barlow (1883-1964); the third, Patrick Basil Barlow ( 1884-1917), died on the Western Front.
Barlow was brought up as a Methodist, and was a lifelong teetotaller. From 1923 to 1930 he was President of the National Temperance League. In retirement he spent more time at his country home, Boswells, near Wendover in Buckinghamshire. He continued to travel, at home and abroad, accompanied by his surviving daughter, Helen, who never married. Barlow died at no 10 Wimpole Street on 12 January 1945, aged 99.
John Barlow was born the son of a parson in 1799. He attended Trinity College, Cambridge and took holy orders soon after. In 1822 he became curate of the Parish of Uckfield, Sussex; from 1830 to 1842 he was rector of Little Bowden, Northamptonshire. In 1824 he married Cecilia Anne Lam (c 1796-1868). He became a member of the Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI) in 1832 and a manager in 1838. In 1834 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. From 1837 to 1838 he was Secretary of the Zoological Society. In 1841 he succeeded Michael Faraday (1791-1867) as Secretary of the Lectures Committee at the RI. In 1843 he was elected Honorary Secretary of the RI, a position he held until 1860. In this role he made many far reaching administrative changes in the running of the RI. He gave lectures at the RI on the practical application of science. He published some of his research in The Discovery of the Vital Principle or Physiology of Man in 1838; he also published On Man's Power Over Himself to Prevent or Control Insanity, which highlighted the importance of moral management of the insane rather than the use of intimidation. In 1851 he became Minister of the Duke Street Chapel, London and from 1854 to 1859, he was Chaplain-in-Ordinary at Kensington Palace. He died in 1869.
Born, 1922, educated at the Sir George Monoux Grammar School in Walthamstow; grew up in the East End of London, descended from a long line of blacksmiths, although his father was a horse fodder dealer; served with the Royal Air Force, World War Two; for many years a member of the Socialist Party of Great Britain. He has had various careers and has been a professional boxer, a labourer, a strip cartoonist, a schoolteacher and a sign-painter. Barltrop has also published widely and his books include: The Monument: Story of the Socialist Party of Great Britain (1975), Jack London: The Man, the Writer, the Rebel (1977), Muvver Tongue with Jim Wolveridge (1980) and A funny age (Growing up in North East London between the Wars) (1985).
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Born in 1858; joined 77 (Duke of Cambridge's Own) Regt of Foot, 1878; Adjutant 2 Bn Middlesex Regt, 1882-1886; Capt, 1885; graduated Staff College, 1888; Aide de Camp to Governor of Bermuda, 1889-1892; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, Eastern District, 1894-1897; Maj, 1896; Staff Captain Intelligence Div, War Office, 1898-1899; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, Intelligence Div, War Office, 1899-1901; served with 2 Bn Middlesex Regt in the Second Boer War, South Africa, 1901-1902; temporary Military Attache to Brussels and The Hague, 1902-1904; Lt Col, 1904; Military Attache to Brussels, The Hague, and the Scandinavian Courts, 1904-1906; Military Attache to Brussels and The Hague, 1906; Assistant Commandant at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and General Staff Officer Grade 2, 1906-1910; Brevet Col, 1907; Assistant Director of Military Training and General Staff Officer Grade 1, 1910-1914; Col, 1910; served World War One, 1914-1918; commanded British troops at the capture of Tsingtao, North China, 1914; Maj Gen, 1914; Commander 39 Div, 1915-1916; Chief of British Military Mission to Portugal, 1916-1919; died 1919.Publications:Handbook of the Belgian Army,(War Office Intelligence Department, Stationary Office, London, 1899); Handbook of the French Army, (War Office Intelligence Department, Stationary Office, London, 1901).
Barnard's Inn was one of the Inns of Chancery, possibly originally established to train medieval Chancery Clerks. By the 15th century the Inns were taken over by students, solicitors and attorneys, functioning as preparatory schools for those wishing to be called to the Bar. Barnard's Inn was established in 1435. The Inn became defunct and the premises sold in 1892.
The extra-parochial place of Barnard's Inn was co-terminous with the Inn of Chancery of the same name (on the south side of Holborn in Farringdon Without Ward). It was constituted a civil parish in 1858.
Leonard John Barnes was born in London on 21 July 1895. He was educated at St. Paul's School in Hammersmith and served in the First World War in the King's Royal Rifle Corps. He was wounded three times and awarded the Military Cross with bar. In 1919 he went to University College, Oxford. Following the completion of his degree he entered the Colonial Office for a short time. He then went to South Africa, where he worked as a farmer, and later as a journalist in Cape Town. He returned to England in 1932 and wrote The New Boer War documenting his experiences overseas. Barnes concentrated on his writing on colonial and development issues until in 1936 he was appointed lecturer in education at the University of Liverpool. In 1943 he married Margaret (Peggy). Barnes was a member of the Carr-Saunders Commission to Malaya in the late 1940s to enquire into education provision and the foundation of a university. In 1947 the Barneses moved to Oxford following his appointment as Secretary and Director of the Delegacy for Social Training in Oxford University (later the Department of Social and Administrative Studies). Barnes stayed at Oxford until his retirement in 1962.
Following his retirement, he visited Central and East Africa several times under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission. He was employed as a consultant to examine how African countries were coping with modernisation and sociological problems. In 1973 he was invited by Kenneth Kaunda to report on Zambia's political and economic problems, resulting in Zambia 1973: Comment and Appraisal. He was a prolific writer, publishing a large number of books on the situation in Africa, educational problems, the Empire and the Commonwealth. He also wrote poetry and biographical material. He died on 10 March 1977.
Michael Barnes was born in September 1932, the son of Major C.H.R. Barnes OBE and Katherine Louise (nee Kennedy). After studying at Malvern and Corpus Christi, Oxford, he entered National Service, becoming a Second Lieutenant in the Wiltshire Regiment and serving in Hong Kong, 1952-1953. After unsuccessfully standing in Wycombe in 1964, Barnes was elected as Labour MP for Brentford and Chiswick in 1966. He served as Opposition spokesman on food and food prices (1970-1971), Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party Social Security Group (1969-1970), served on the ASTMS Parliamentary Committee (1970-1971) and was also a long serving member of the Public Accounts Committee (1967-1974). After losing the seat of Brentford and Isleworth in 1974, Barnes helped later in establishing the SDP, although rejoined the Labour Party between 1983 and 2001. Aside from politics, he was Legal Services Ombudsman for England and Wales (1991-1997), Director of the United Kingdon Immigrants Advisory Service (UKIAS) (1984-1990), member of the Council of Management of War on Want (1972-1977), Vice Chairman of the Bangabandhu Society (1980-1990) and has served in a variety of other official positions.
Robert Barnes was born, 1817; apprentice to Dr Richard Griffin, Norwich, 1832; studied at University College London, and St George's Hospital; member of the Royal College of Surgeons; year in Paris; taught at the Hunterian School of Medicine and in the discipline of forensic medicine at the Dermott's School on Windmill Street; obstetrician at the Western General Dispensary; Doctor of Medicine, 1848; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1848; obstetrical assistant, 1859; obstetrician in chief, (Royal) London Hospital, 1863; obstetrician in chief, St Thomas' Hospital, 1865; obstetrician in chief, St George's Hospital, 1875; consulting obstetrician, St George's Hospital, 1885; actively involved at The Seamen's Hospital, the East London Hospital for Children and the Royal Maternity Charity; one of the founding members of the Obstetrical Society of London, 1858; President of the Obstetrical Society of London, 1865-1866; founded the British Gynaecological Society, 1884, of which he was Honorary Chairman until his death; died, 1907.
Born, 1849; educated at Merchant Taylors' School, at a school in Honfleur, France; and Lincoln College, Oxford; studied clinical medicine at St Thomas's Hospital, and obstetrics in Dublin, at the Rotunda Hospital; worked at Marischal College, Aberdeen; graduated MD from Aberdeen University, 1875; returned to London and became closely associated with his father's practice; member the Royal College of Physicians, 1877; editorial staff of the British Medical Journal; member of the Board of Examination of Midwives, instituted by the Obstetrical Society of London (he subsequently transferred himself from this Society to the British Gynaecology Society); physician to the British Lying-in Hospital and the Great Northern Central Hospital, where he later became senior physician; physician to the St George's and St James's Dispensary; consulting physician at the Royal Maternity Charity and the Prudential Assurance Company; physician to the Chelsea Hospital for Women; Honorary Corresponding Fellow of the Societe de Gynecologie de Paris, the Gynaecological Society of Boston, USA, and the Societe Imperiale de Medecine, Istanbul (then Constantinople); by the mid-1890s Barnes had practically retired from hospital work, devoting himself entirely to private practice; died, 1908.
Publications:
A Manual of Midwifery for Midwives (9 eds., last 1902)
System of Obstetric Medicine and Surgery (jointly written with Robert Barnes)
'The Indications Afforded by the Sphygmograph in the Puerperal State', Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London (1875)
Perineorrhaphy by Flap Splitting
Martin's Atlas of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (translated and edited)
German English Dictionary of Medical Words
Neugebauer on Spondylolisthesis (for the New Sydenham Society)
Robert Sydenham Fancourt Barnes was born in London in 1849, the son of Robert Barnes, obstetrician. He was educated first at Merchant Taylors' School, and then at a school in Honfleur, France, where he became proficient in French. Barnes attended Lincoln College, Oxford, for a time before studying clinical medicine at St Thomas's Hospital, and obstetrics in Dublin, at the Rotunda Hospital. Barnes then worked at Marischal College, Aberdeen, before graduating MD from Aberdeen University, in 1875.
Barnes returned to London and became closely associated with his father's practice. In 1877 he obtained membership of the Royal College of Physicians. Whilst waiting for an appointment to a hospital, Barnes undertook literary work, joining the editorial staff of the British Medical Journal, with whom he remained for many years. Barnes was the author of many works; the best known was his only book, A Manual of Midwifery for Midwives, which ran to nine editions, the last one in 1902. He jointly authored the ambitious System of Obstetric Medicine and Surgery, with his father.
His best work is considered to be his article, 'The Indications Afforded by the Sphygmograph in the Puerperal State', published in the Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London (1875), and read before the Society in 1874. It has been said that Barnes may have had a more successful career had he 'undertaken more scientific clinical work of this kind' (BMJ, 1908, i, p.542). Barnes also wrote many articles and papers for medical societies and periodicals, including 'Ovariotomy in Aged People' and 'Fifty Consecutive Cases of Abdominal Section', published in the Provincial Medical Journal (1889 and 1893). It has been said that 'his literary powers were displayed at their best in journalism' (ibid).
Barnes became a member of the Board of Examination of Midwives, instituted by the Obstetrical Society of London. (He subsequently transferred himself from this Society to the British Gynaecology Society.) He was then elected as physician to the British Lying-in Hospital and the Great Northern Central Hospital, where he later became senior physician. He also held the appointment of physician to the St George's and St James's Dispensary, and was consulting physician at the Royal Maternity Charity and the Prudential Assurance Company.
By the middle of the 1880s however, Barnes had 'drifted into an unfavourable position' (ibid, p.541), due to doggedly backing his father, his mentor, and a once progressive medical figure. Unremittingly loyal, Barnes pitted himself against his father's opponents at every opportunity. Unfortunately,
'Fancourt Barnes had not the qualities which would have enabled him to stand by himself against able and rising men led by seniors who were entirely in disagreement with his father's views.' (ibid)
The result of this was Barnes' failure to secure the appointment of physician or lecturer to any medical school. He did become physician to the Chelsea Hospital for Women, where he excelled in plastic operations. It was as a result of his experience at this hospital that he wrote the impressive Perineorrhaphy by Flap Splitting, issued three times. In this, through his words and diagrams, he successfully taught operative manoeuvres with expert dexterity. However Barnes failed to be re-elected when changes were made to the management structure of the hospital, both Barnes and his father found themselves on the losing side of the restructuring. Barnes also failed to retain his position as medical officer to several lying-in hospitals and dispensaries.
Barnes paid attention to overseas development in the field of gynaecology. His linguistic capabilities enabled him to translate and edit Martin's Atlas of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. He also wrote a German English Dictionary of Medical Words. It has been said that this was not wholly successful, despite a demand for such a resource, as he was not ably seconded and the proofs were badly revised (ibid, p.542). Barnes was Honorary Corresponding Fellow of the Societe de Gynecologie de Paris, the Gynaecological Society of Boston, USA, and the Societe Imperiale de Medecine, Istanbul (then Constantinople).
By the mid-1890s Barnes had practically retired from hospital work, devoting himself entirely to private practice. He was honoured, for his scientific attainments, with fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Barnes retired from the medical profession several years before his death, due to ill health. He had married twice, but had no children. He died in February 1908, within a few months of his father.
Publications:
A Manual of Midwifery for Midwives (9 eds., last 1902)
System of Obstetric Medicine and Surgery (jointly written with Robert Barnes)
'The Indications Afforded by the Sphygmograph in the Puerperal State', Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London (1875)
Perineorrhaphy by Flap Splitting
Martin's Atlas of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (translated and edited)
German English Dictionary of Medical Words
Neugebauer on Spondylolisthesis (for the New Sydenham Society)
Born in 1907; Lt, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1931; Capt, 1934; Adjt, Territorial Army, 1938; Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services, Territorial Army, 1938-1940; Maj, 1941; Staff College, Camberley, 1942; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Air Force Headquarters, 1942-1943; Assistant Director of Medical Services, 6 Armoured Div 1943-1946; Assistant Director of Medical Services, Scottish Command 1946-1947; Lt Col, 1947; Assistant Director General of Army Medical Services, War Office 1947-1950; Joint Staff College, Latimer 1950; Assistant Director of Medical Services, 11 Armoured Div, 1951; Assistant Director of Medical Services, SHAPE, 1951-1953; Officer Commanding, Commonwealth Military Hospital, Japan, 1953-1954; Assistant Director of Medical Services, General HQ, East Africa,1954-1957; Col, 1955; Assistant Director of Medical Services, 6 Armoured Div, 1958-1959; Commandant, Field Training Centre, Royal Army Medical Corps, and Headquarters, Army Emergency Reserve, Royal Army Medical Corps, Mytchett, 1959-1960; Deputy Director of Medical Services, Northern Command, 1960-1961; Maj Gen, 1961; Director General of Army Medical Services, War Office, 1961-1964; Director of Medical Services, HQ, British Army on the Rhine, 1964-1966; Honorary Physician to the Queen, 1961-1966; retired, 1966; Col Commandant, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1968-1972; died in 1984.
Born in 1912; 2nd Lt, 100 Army Field Bde, Territorial Army, 1936; Lt, 1939; Capt, 1939; Officer Commanding, 249 Battery, 63 Anti-Tank Regt, Oxfordshire Yeomanry, 1944-1946; Maj, 1946; died 1998
Henrietta Barnett née Rowland was born on 4th May 1851 into a well to do family. From an early age she became involved with charity work being a district visitor for the Charity Organisation Society where she met her future husband the Rev. Samuel Barnett, curate at St Mary's church Bryanston Square. They married in 1873 on 28th January and moved to Whitechapel when Rev. Barnett was appointed vicar of St. Judes Church, Commercial Road, Whitechapel. Henrietta lived and worked here for thirty years 1873 to 1902 in poverty stricken East End of London.
She was a determined lady who had a wide experience of social work as the first woman Poor Law Guardian 1875, a member of the Departmental Committee of Inquiry into the condition of Poor Law Schools, the co-founder of the Children's Country Holiday Fund 1884, and the co-founder of both Whitechapel Art Gallery 1901-1936 and Toynbee Hall.
Henrietta Barnett also had a dream of 'a huge estate on which all classes could live in neighbourliness together with friendships coming about naturally without artificial efforts to build bridges between one class and another'. This vision was realised in 1906 as Hampstead Garden Suburb and in May 1907 the first sod was cut.
Henrietta Barnett died in 1936 at the age of 85.
Henrietta Rowland was born in Clapham, Surrey, in 1851, and educated at boarding school in Dover, Kent. As a young woman, she assisted in Octavia Hill's charitable work; through Hill, Rowland met Rev Samuel Augustus Barnett, whom she married in 1873. The husband-and-wife team worked hard at social reform and poverty relief, their projects included the founding of Toynbee Hall, the 'University Settlement' in East London, and the creation of Hampstead Garden Suburb. Henrietta Barnett was appointed CBE in 1817 and DBE in 1924. The Dame Henrietta Barnett School in Hampstead Garden Suburb is named in her honour. Barnett died in 1936.
Born in 1905; joined WAAF, 1939; served with WAAF in World War Two; in charge of WRAF personnel at RAF Mediterranean Command, Caserta, Italy, [1945]; Inspector, WAAF, 1948; Deputy Director, WAAF, 1949-1952; Officer Commanding RAF Hawkinge, 1952-1956; Director, WRAF, 1956-1960; died in 1985.
Samuel Augustus Barnett was born in Bristol in 1844 and after a period at Wadham College, Oxford, he became a curate at St. Mary's, Bryanston Square in 1867. During the next six years, in contact with Octavia Hill and the Charity Organisation Society, he discovered his capacity for social work. His marriage in 1873 to a helper of Miss Hill, Miss Henrietta Octavia Rowland, coincided with his acceptance of the parish of St. Jude, Whitechapel. At Whitechapel, both threw themselves into social work, organising flower shows, art shows, and the Children's Country Holiday Fund, and helping such differing groups as pupil teachers, young servant girls, and convalescents.
Much of this work received great impetus with the founding of Toynbee Hall in 1883-1884 and the settlement in the parish of up to twenty young graduates intent on curing the social ailments of Whitechapel. Although much involved in the University Extension Scheme, and Warden and later President of Toynbee Hall, Barnett did not concentrate solely on these two aspects of social reform. The majority of his activities were in fact conceived before the founding of Toynbee Hall.
As a Guardian of the Poor and as a School Manager, Barnett had considerable local influence. This influence was widened by his evidence to several parliamentary committees and by the appointment of his wife to serve on the Departmental Committee to inquire into the condition of Poor Law Schools in 1894.
Barnett extended his activities to Bristol, where he was canon and later sub-dean from 1906 to his death in 1913. However, in the latter period of his life he was far more involved in meditation than in social work. In these years his influence worked through his friendship with the Webbs, Lord Courtney, Sir John Gorst, Cyril Jackson, Harold and J.A. Spender and the many past residents at Toynbee Hall.
Throughout their married life, the Barnetts went abroad frequently. They did this on the one hand to relieve the intense strain of life in Whitechapel and on the other hand because of their belief in the value of travel to the mind. When they did travel, they involved themselves in the social work of the country in which they found themselves and, on occasion, they shared the joys of travel with over 100 people from East London. Another means of relieving the strain of Whitechapel was frequent retreat to their cottage in Spaniards Row, Hampstead. Around their life in the suburbs they attracted many dependants, firstly in the form of unhappy servant girls at Harrow Cottage, secondly convalescents at Erskine House, Hampstead, and thirdly Henrietta Barnett's ward, Dorothy Noel Woods, who died in 1901.
From Hampstead, Mrs Barnett drew her greatest strength. Whilst the Canon became more meditative, she continued her life of action by the promotion and foundation of the Hampstead Garden Suburb in the years following 1903. Although the Barnetts had no children, his brother had four, one of whom died in childhood. His brother had continued the family business in Bristol and took an active part in local politics as a Liberal councillor. His death in 1908 was a severe shock to the Canon who, however, continued writing his letters to his sister-in-law, his niece Mary Barnett, and his two nephews. The eldest nephew, S.H.G. Barnett, went into engineering, and the other, Stephen, emigrated to New Zealand as a farmer.
Born in Cambridge, 1845, entered Guy's 1861/62; MD Brux (Honours in Midwifery), 1879; LRCP Lond 1869, MRCS Eng & LM 1865, LSA 1863. Barraclough was Chief Medical Officer during the 1868 Cholera epidemic in London.
'Feoffment' was an early form of conveyance involving a simple transfer of freehold land by deed followed by a ceremony called livery of seisin.
An 'indenture' was a deed or agreement between two or more parties. Two or more copies were written out, usually on one piece of parchment or paper, and then cut in a jagged or curvy line, so that when brought together again at any time, the two edges exactly matched and showed that they were parts of one and the same original document. A 'right hand indenture' is therefore the copy of the document which was on the right hand side when the parchment was cut in two.
A 'fine' was a fee, separate from the rent, paid by the tenant or vassal to the landlord on some alteration of the tenancy, or a sum of money paid for the granting of a lease or for admission to a copyhold tenement.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Unknown
Lucas Barrett was born on 14 November 1837 in London. He was the eldest son of George Barrett, an iron-founder of 247 Tottenham Court Road. In 1847 he was sent to school in Royston, Hertfordshire, where he collected fossils from the local chalk pits as a hobby. He transferred to University College School, in Gower Street, London, in 1851 but during the holidays he would stay with relatives in Cambridge and it was there he made the acquaintance of Adam Sedgwick for whom he would later work as Curator at the Woodwardian Museum in Cambridge between 1855-1859.
It was during Barrett's time as Woodwardian Curator that he published his geological map of the Cambridge. First issued in 1857, it was reprinted a number of times over the years.
Barrett was elected Fellow of the Geological Society in 1855.
Norman Rupert Barrett was born in Adelaide, Australia, on 16 May 1903, the son of Alfred Barrett, Sussex. Returning to Britain for his education, he attended Eton College, Trinity College, Cambridge (1st class Hons Natural Science Tripos, 1925, MA 1930); and St Thomas' Hospital, University of London (MB 1928, MChir 1931), becoming a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1930. He also held a Rockefeller Travelling Fellowship, 1935.
He held positions as Lecturer in Surgery, University of London, 1935-1970; Surgeon to King Edward VII Sanatorium, Midhurst, Sussex, 1938-1970; Consulting Thoracic Surgeon to the Royal Navy and to the Ministry of Social Security, 1944-1970. He was appointed Visiting Professor of Surgery at the Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, 1963, and the Cleveland Metropolitan General. Hospital, USA. He was also Examiner in Surgery at the universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Birmingham, London, and Khartoum.
Barrett was also President of the Thoracic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, 1962; The Thoracic Society, 1963, a Fellow, Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. He was a member of the Council of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1962-1974, and its Vice-President in 1972, as well as being a member of the Tuberculosis Assoc of America and the Association for Thoracic Surgery. He edited Thorax, 1946-1971.
In 1931 he married Elizabeth Warington Smyth. In 1969 he was awarded CBE. He retired in 1970, and died 8 January 1979.
Publications: Many papers on surgical and historical subjects; contributions to many textbooks of surgery.
Born, 1844; Education: Old Trafford Grammar School; Career: Assistant to John Tyndall, Royal Institution (1863-1866); taught at International College and the Royal School of Naval Architecture; Professor of Experimental Physics in the Royal College of Science for Ireland (1874-1910); chief founder of Society for Physical Research (1882), later became President; FRSE; MRIA; MIEE; Fell Phys Soc; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1899; died, 1925.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Barrett Street Trade School was founded in 1915 by the London County Council Technical Education board to train pupils for industries that required skilled craft labour. During the nineteenth century both skilled men and women employed in the clothing industry earned their trade through an apprenticeship, but by the end of the century the system was not training sufficient workers and trade schools were established to provide more skilled labour. The school ran a variety of courses including dressmaking, ladies tailoring, embroidery and hairdressing and beauty. Men's tailoring and furrier courses were established later.
The school took pupils from the age of 12 following elementary education, and trained them for two years to work primarily in London's West End couturier houses and hair salons. Women were employed in the ready-to-wear trade centred on London's East End, or in the fashionable dressmaking and allied trades in the West End, based around the South Kensington and Oxford Street areas. Women working in this area were highly skilled, and the early needle-trade schools in London, including Barrett Street trained women for this high quality couture work. Almost all pupils obtained employment on completion of their courses.
All pupils followed a curriculum that was two-thirds trade subject and one-third general education. Following the success of the full time courses Barrett Street started to run a variety of day release and evening courses for women already working in the trade. The school worked very closely with the trades and had consultative committees that were almost exclusively made up of members from the industries. These committees advised in the suitability of courses for the prevailing employment conditions in the clothing industry at the time, and courses were introduced or adapted accordingly. For example in 1926 Barrett Street Trade School started running courses for older students who wanted careers as dress designers.
After the Second World War and the 1944 Education Act, which required pupils to continue full time general education until 15, Barrett Street was given technical college status. The junior courses were discontinued and senior courses expanded. Management courses were introduced. The school was renamed Barrett Street Technical College, and after 1950, began to take on male students. The college amalgamated with Shoreditch College for the Garment Trades in 1967 to form the London College for the Garment Trades, later renamed the London College of Fashion.
James Barrie was born at Kirriemuir, Forfarshire on 9 May 1860. He received his education from, the Glasgow Academy, Dumfries Academy, 1873-1878 and Edinburgh University, 1878-1882.
He was appointed leader writer and sub-editor on the Nottingham Journal in January 1883. In March 1885, Barrie moved to London, where he wrote for many magazines including, the British Weekly.
Barrie published his first book Better Dead in November 1887 and his first play, Richard Savage, on which he collaborated with Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1891. His plays were performed in theatres in London's West End. Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens was published in 1906, the same year as his play, Alice by the Fire, which was produced at the Duke of York's Theatre. Barrie continued to write many plays, including Shall We Join the Ladies in 1921 and The Boy David, 1936, the last work which Barrie wrote.
He received honorary degrees from the universities of St. Andrews, 1898, Edinburgh 1909, Oxford, 1926, and Cambridge, 1930. He was appointed as Lord Rector of St Andrews University in 1919 and chancellor of Edinburgh University in 1930. He was appointed the Order of Merit in 1922. Barrie died in London on 19 June 1937.
Robert Barrie was born in 1774 or 1775. His mother was a sister of Admiral Lord Gardner. After the death of Barrie's father she married George Clayton of Lostock Hall, Preston, Lancashire. Barrie entered the navy in his uncle's ship in 1786. He sailed on Vancouver's expedition 1791-1794, and was promoted lieutenant in 1795 and to captain in 1802. He commanded the BRILLIANT on the Irish Station between 1804 and 1805 and the POMONE in the Channel and the Mediterranean between 1806 and 1811. In 1810 he was responsible for apprehending Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino, one of Bonaparte's brothers, and his family who were subsequently sent to England where they remained until 1814. In 1811 the POMONE was wrecked but Barrie was acquitted at his court martial. He commanded the DRAGON on the North American Station 1813 to 1815. From 1819 to 1834 he was Superintendant of HM Dockyard Kingston, Canada. See: biographical article by T L Brock with a family memoir and notes on Barrie's ancestry, and transcripts of his Canadian letters in BGY/19. See also: Section 4 (DXN) diaries of Anne Dixon, nee Gardner (1733-1803), sister of Admiral Lord Gardner and Barrie's aunt.
Born, 1630; Education: Charterhouse School; Felsted School (for 4 years); Peterhouse, Cambridge; Trinity College, Cambridge; BA (1648/9), MA (1652), BD (1661), DD (1666); Incorporated at Oxford (1653); tutor to Viscount Fairfax; Fellow of Trinity (1649); travelled abroad (1655-1659); Ordained (1659); Fellow of Eton College (1660); Regius Professor of Greek at Cambridge (1660-1663); Professor of Geometry, Gresham College, London (1662-1663); Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge (1663-1669); Prebendary of Salisbury (1671); Chaplain to Charles II; Master of Trinity College, Cambridge (1673-1677); Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge (1675-1676); died of an overdose of an opiate, 1677.
Barclay Barrowman JP, DTM, FCO, FRSH (1896-1978) was a malariologist. He was born and educated in Glasgow, served during World War One as a medical officer with the Royal Navy in various parts of the world. In 1923 he joined Sir Malcolm Watson in private practice in Klang, the royal capital of Selangor, Federated Malay States, becoming sole principal of the practice in 1928. In 1930 he was appointed Personal Physician to the Sultan of Selangor, and was one of the first two Europeans invested with the Name, Rank and Style of Dato'Semboh di Raja, in 1937. The Sultan's successor appointed him a Justice of the Peace. He served as President of the Malayan Branch of the British Medical Association. He made original and significant advances in the treatment and preventive control of malaria, including running instructional courses under the auspices of the League of Nations. He also made contributions to the improved housing and social welfare of local labour forces on plantations and in the towns and villages of Malaya. During the Second World War, he acted in a civilian capacity for the Australian Military Forces until he accepted an appointment with the Malayan Planning Unit of the War Office in London, and then returned to Malaya with the Military Administration as Advisor in Malariology with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, later Colonel. He remained with the civil administration until the permanent Colonial Services officers returned, while reorganising his medical practice for handover to his partner, retiring with serious ill-health in 1947. After his retirement the communities of Klang petitioned to commemorate his services by naming the new highway to Port Swettenham Barrowman Road. He died on 31 Jan 1978. There is an obituary in the British Medical Journal, 1978, i, p. 514.
The Metropolitan Artizans' and Labourers' Dwellings Association bought some of the land around Battersea Park from the Crown at £1,600 per acre. Battersea Park had been established in the 1850s and the station for the Brighton and Chatham Railway was opened in 1867. The area was also being developed by others such as the Artizans' and General Labourers' Dwellings Company (who built the Shaftesbury Estate). Charles Barry Junior was Architect to the Association, which also had dwellings in King's Cross and later became known as the Victoria Dwellings Association.
The buildings consisted of 3 blocks, one for artisans (98 tenements of 3/4 rooms) and two for labourers (each having 90 tenements of 1/2 rooms). They were of 4 storeys and were built in yellow stock brick.
The Victoria Dwellings, Battersea Park Road were demolished in 1983.
David Barry was born in the vicinity of Rochester, New York. He and his family moved in 1861 to Wisconsin. Barry was employed by the internant photographer O.S. Goff and joined him at his gallery in Bismarck. Between 1878-1883, Barry travelled around Dakota territory. He used a portable photographic studio to take portaits of famous Native American chiefs, women, scouts and warriors. Barry also took photographs of forts and battlefields of the Plains Wars. He moved to Superior, Wisconsin in 1890 to open a photographic studio and gallery.
John O'Brien Milner Barry was born 26 February 1815 in Cork, the second son of John Milner Barry of Cork, the first doctor to introduce vaccination into an Irish town (Cork in 1800) and founder of the Cork Fever Hospital. Barry studied medicine in Paris between 1833 and 1836. He graduated MD from Edinburgh a year later; the subject of his thesis was Endocarditis. In 1838 became a Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.
He set up practice first in Laugharne, Carmarthenshire, 1839-42, and then in Totnes, Devon, where he practiced 1844-51. In 1852 he settled permanently in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, where he served as physician to the Infirmary and Dispensary. It has been said that he was
'a safe and an excellent practitioner, having a thorough knowledge of his profession, and his advice was often sought by his professional neighbours and the medical men in the surrounding districts' (BMJ, 1 Oct. 1881).
He became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians in 1859. During his career Barry made various contributions to medical journals, on the subjects of Cystine, Leucocythemia, Diphtheritis, and Ovarian diseases. In 1876 he was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.
He continued practicing in Tunbridge Wells until his death. Barry married twice. He died suddenly of heart disease on 15 September 1881, aged 66, and left behind a widow.
Sir Gerald Reid Barry, 1898-1968, was educated at Marlborough and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He served in the RAF during World War One, gaining the rank of captain in 1918. He subsequently spent most of his life working in newspapers, becoming the Assistant Editor of the 'Saturday Review' in 1921, and the Editor in 1924. In 1930, he founded the 'Weekend Review' of which he was Editor until 1934. During 1936, he became the Managing Editor of the 'News Chronicle', a post that he held until 1947. He was also a director of 'New Statesman' and 'Nation'. Barry was also involved in television. He was Deputy Chairman of the Committee on reform of Obscene Libel Laws: radio and television programmes, ITA and BBC, and an Executive of Granada Television Ltd. He served as Director General of the Festival of Britain 1948-1951, and after this consultant to the London County Council on the redevelopment of the Crystal Palace site. He was also one of the co-founders of PEP (Political and Economic Planning).
Born in 1877; educated at Newton College, south Devon and Royal Military Academy,Woolwich; joined Royal Artillery, 1897; graduated Staff College, Quetta, India, 1909-1910;served in World War One, 1914-1918; General Staff Officer, Grade 1, 4 Div, and Brig Gen,General Staff, 20 Corps, 1917-1918; Brig Gen, General Staff, Egyptian Expeditionary Force,1918; commanded 6 Infantry Bde, 1923-1926; Aide de Camp to the King and Maj Gen, 1926;Director of Recruiting and Organisation, War Office, 1927-1928; Commandant, ImperialDefence College, 1929-1931; Director of Military Operations and Intelligence, War Office,1931-1934; Col Commandant, Royal Artillery, 1934-1937; Lt Gen, 1933; Chief of GeneralStaff, India, 1934-1937; Gen, 1937; General Officer Commanding in Chief, Northern Command,1937-1940; Aide de Camp General to the King, 1938-1940; retired, 1940; North EasternRegional Commissioner for Civil Defence, 1940-1945; died 1962.
A small independent chapel had been on the site in Bartholomew Close, next to the church of St Bartholomew the Great, since the reign of Charles II, situated in part of a building called Middlesex House, initially as a Presbyterian congregation. This was dissolved in 1753. It was subsequently used by the Methodists, its earlier ministers being Calvinist. John Wesley preached here in 1763.
The Bartholomew Club met at 38 Cloth Fair to discuss topics of current political and historical interest.
The fair was founded at Smithfield by Rahere, founder of the Priory and Hospice dedicated to St Bartholomew. Following a royal charter of 1133 the Priory received the tolls of the cloth fair, held annually for three days from the eve of St Bartholomew's Day. The Corporation of London held a cattle fair at the same time and constantly disputed the rights to tolls. In 1445 the City became joint Lords of the Fair, taking full control from 1604. In the seventeenth century the fair became more important as a centre of general entertainment than a cloth fair, and there were numerous booths offering different attractions. The City authorities, however, increasingly saw the fair as encouraging public disorder, and the fair was suppressed in 1855. It was replaced in 1866 by Smithfield Market.
A Court of Piepowders was organised by the local government of an area specifically to handle cases arising from events at a fair; such as disputes between merchants, thefts, and acts of violence.
Son of Herbert Henry Bartlett, partner in the firm of Perry and Co, builders and contractors; possibly educated under Henry Robinson, Professor of Civil Engineering, King's College London, 1886; worked as engineer on Bakerloo Line, London, on the harbour of San Sebastian, Spain, and on contracts to maintain British military camps during World War One; drowned on English Channel ferry crossing, 1920.
Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett was born in Brooklyn in 1849, of American parents. He was educated at Torquay and Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated with 1st class honours in Law and Modern History in 1872 and was President of the Union, defeating H.H. Asquith in a famous contest. He was an examiner of the Education Department, 1874-80. He was called to the bar in 1877. In the same year he founded the Patriotic Association, which aimed to counter pro-Russian feeling in the country. His obituary in the Times (20 Jan 1902) reported that he was a fine orator and attracted large crowds - for a time his popularity "with provincial audiences" was second only to that of Lord Randolph Churchill - though his style was not so suited to the House of Commons, where he was often regarded as an eccentric figure. He was MP (Con) for Suffolk (Eye) - a seat in the gift of Lord Beaconsfield - from 1880 to 1885, and for Ecclesall Division, Sheffield, from 1885 until his death in 1902. He was Civil Lord of the Admiralty in Lord Salisbury's governments in 1885-86 and 1886-1892 and was knighted in 1892.
Throughout Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett's political career his main theme was Britain's imperial role; he believed that Turkey's security was crucial to the Empire and was well known as a supporter of Turkish interests. Another long-term concern was that Swaziland should become a British, rather than Boer, territory. In 1880 he began to publish a weekly newspaper, England, which lasted until 1898 but was never very successful - its demise led to bankruptcy proceedings that were only settled in 1901. In April-May 1897 he travelled to Greece and Turkey with his son (see below) as a guest of the Sultan; he observed events in the Graeco-Turkish War, and described them in The Battlefields of Thessaly (1897).
Who Was Who 1897-1915 (London, 1935) records that he served in the South African war in 1900, but it was his son who served there in the Bedfordshire Regiment, though Sir Ellis was at one time a Lieutenant in the West Yorkshire Regiment, a militia unit. He did, however, visit South Africa and Swaziland (where he had been negotiating with rulers) in 1900-01, meeting his son by chance in Bloemfontein's main street (A/2/1/71). He died on 18 January 1902.
Publications: Shall England keep India? (W. H. Allen & Co.: London, 1886); Union or Separation ... Also an Analysis of Mr. Gladstone's "Home Rule" Bill (7ed., National Union: London, 1893); British, Natives & Boers in the Transvaal ... The appeal of the Swazi people (McCorquodale & Co.: London, 1894); The Transvaal Crisis. The case for the British-Uitlander-residents in the Transvaal (3ed., Patriotic Association: London, 1896); The Battlefields of Thessaly. With personal experiences in Turkey and Greece, etc. (John Murray: London, 1897).
Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett was the eldest son of Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett (1849-1902). Born in 1881, he was educated at Marlborough College. In 1897, at the age of 17, he accompanied his father to Turkey as the guest of the Sultan and followed the Turkish army in its campaign against the Greeks. At one point the party was arrested by the Greeks as spies. Ashmead-Bartlett had begun studying to become a barrister when he left with his regiment for the South African War in February 1900. At the end of May he was taken ill, sent home and spent 7 months in hospital. By early in 1901 he was in Marseilles and Monte Carlo, supposedly for recuperation (A/3), and in May 1901 he returned to London to stay with his uncle and aunt, the Burdett-Coutts, and continued his legal studies.
It was not until 1904 that he began his career as a war correspondent by covering the siege of the Russian port of Port Arthur by the Japanese, entering the city with the victors. His account, Port Arthur: the siege and capitulation (London 1906) was well received. For the next few years he mixed a full social life in London and the country and in Paris (as described in his diaries) with periods as a war correspondent and writer and a developing political career. As Reuters' special correspondent he accompanied the French army in Morocco (1907-08), the Spanish in Morocco (1909) and the Italians in Tripoli (1911). At home he fought the safe Labour seat of Normanton in Yorkshire for the Conservatives in January 1910 and the Liberal seat of Poplar in December 1910. He was then employed by the Daily Telegraph to be its correspondent in the Balkans and he covered the two Balkan wars of 1912-1913.
At the outbreak of war in 1914 Ashmead-Bartlett returned from Bucharest to volunteer for his old regiment, but was turned down for medical reasons. He was selected by the National Press Association (Lord Burnham, proprietor of the Daily Telegraph, was the chairman) as the London Press representative on the Dardanelles Campaign, which began in March 1915. He was soon critical of the conduct of the campaign by the Allied commander Sir Ian Hamilton and the General Staff. Returning to London in June 1915 (having survived the sinking of the 'Majestic' on 26 May) he discussed the campaign with senior ministers and politicians (Asquith, Balfour, Carson, Bonar Law, Churchill, Kitchener) and presented a memorandum on the subject to the cabinet.
Ashmead-Bartlett returned to the Dardanelles at the end of June, his equipment now including a movie camera which he used to make the only moving pictures of the campaign. Further disastrous landings and assaults in August and, in his view, the continued mismanagement of the campaign led him to make another attempt to influence the government, by sending a letter to the Prime Minister with Australian correspondent Keith Murdoch. Though the letter was seized by the military authorities, Murdoch wrote another version from memory, and this was delivered to Asquith via the Australian PM Fisher. Ashmead-Bartlett was dismissed as a war correspondent in the Dardanelles on 30 September 1915 (he had already unsuccessfully applied to the NPA to be relieved).
Exactly how much effect his interventions had will probably remain unclear, but Ashmead-Bartlett might have been partly responsible for the withdrawal from Gallipoli in 1915 and the subsequent resignation of Churchill. The issue of Ashmead-Bartlett's role in the campaign continued to be raised well after it ended. He was invited to give evidence to the Dardanelles Commission in 1917 and the publication of his books, Ashmead Bartlett's Despatches from the Dardanelles (1916) and The Uncensored Dardanelles (1928), and those of Sir Ian Hamilton and others usually caused a flurry of articles and letters in the press. Even in 1933, after his death, his family were prompted to defend him in the Daily Telegraph following more allegations from Hamilton (E/30). (For an account of his involvement in the Dardanelles campaign and its aftermath, see K. Fewster, 'Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett and the Making of the Anzac Legend' in Journal of Australian Studies No.10, June 1982, pp.17-30)
Ashmead-Bartlett claimed that the War Office persecuted him after his dismissal and in 1916 attempted to prevent him delivering a series of lectures on the Dardanelles campaign in England, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Certainly he was never permitted to accompany British or Dominion troops again, and on his return to Britain he worked for the Daily Telegraph as one of the British Press group attached to the French Army at the headquarters of Marshal Joffre. In 1918 he sought a post as a correspondent with the American Army in France, but was rejected, apparently as a result of War Office objections.
In 1919 Ashmead-Bartlett was again employed by the Daily Telegraph, reporting on events in Central Europe. He spent several months in Austria, Poland, Romania and Hungary, and was horrified by the threat of Bolshevism in the region. In Budapest he became directly involved in political intrigue during the Hungarian revolution, working with an anti-Bolshevik faction and lobbying British ministers on their behalf.
Despite being based in Paris he re-entered British politics and was narrowly defeated by the Labour candidate in North Hammersmith in 1923, but won the seat in 1924. As an MP his main concern was foreign policy. In 1926 he was obliged to resign his seat because of bankruptcy. He returned to work as a special correspondent for the Daily Telegraph, reporting on, inter alia, the civil war in China in 1927, Soviet Russia in 1928, Palestine in 1929, and India in 1930. At the same time he continued to publish books based on his newspaper writings.
He became ill while covering the Spanish Revolution and died at Lisbon on 4 May 1931.
Publications: Port Arthur: the siege and capitulation (W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh & London, 1906); The Immortals and the Channel Tunnel. A discussion in Valhalla (W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh & London, 1907); Richard Langhorne. The romance of a Socialist (W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh & London, 1908); The Passing of the Shereefian Empire (W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh & London, 1910); in collaboration with Seabury Ashmead-Bartlett, With the Turks in Thrace (William Heinemann: London, 1913); Ashmead Bartlett's Despatches from the Dardanelles (George Newnes: London, 1916); Some of my Experiences in the Great War (George Newnes: London, 1918); The Tragedy of Central Europe (Thornton Butterworth: London, 1923); The Uncensored Dardanelles (Hutchinson & Co.: London, 1928); The Riddle of Russia (Cassell & Co.: London, 1929).
Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett's younger brother and Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett's uncle was Rt. Hon. William Lehman Ashmead Bartlett Burdett-Coutts (1851-1921). He married Angela, Baroness Burdett-Coutts (1823-1906), and assumed her surname. He was also an MP (Con, Westminster, 1885-1921).
Unknown