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A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Bartlett and Hobbs Limited were company number 446382. They were wine merchants based in Bristol.

C W Bartley, MA , DM Oxon, MD, FRCP London, Hon Consulting Physician, St Thomas's Hospital, formerly consultant Physician Lambeth Hospital and the Bolingbroke Hospital.

Alfred Bowyer Barton was born at Bungay, Suffolk, in 1825, and entered University College, London, in 1844. After qualifying in 1847 he joined the West India Mail Steamship Service and worked through the yellow fever epidemic in the West Indies in 1848. In 1853 he was in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's service as a medical officer and worked in the East until 1855. He then went to the Crimea where he was in charge of the transport of the sick and wounded from Balaclava to Scutari. At the end of the war he sailed for India, and on the way was shipwrecked along with Sir Henry Havelock, then on his way to command the forces suppressing the Mutiny. Barton next saw service in the China war of 1860, and afterwards practised for a time in Shanghai. In 1861 he joined Captain Blakiston and Colonel Sarel in an exploration of the Yangtsze-Kiang River, then an almost unknown river above Hankow. The party reached Pingshan on the Tibet border but were forced to return by the rebels. For their work each of them received the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society. After his return to England Barton took the MD degree of the University of St Andrews (1866), and the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, by examination (1865). He lived in retirement in Brechin Place, South Kensington, until his death on July 4th, 1905. Further biographical information can be found in A Doctor Remembers by Dr Edwin Alfred Barton, son of A B Barton (London: Seeley, Service & Co Ltd, c.1950). See also 'Notes on the Yangtsze-kiang' by A B Barton, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 1862.

Dorothea M Barton (fl.1890-1933) was born Dorothea Zimmern sometime towards the end of the nineteenth century. She became a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in the early part of the twentieth century and was university educated, receiving at BA before 1912. By this time, she had also become active in the Women's Industrial Council, many of whose members were also active in the suffrage movement and which worked closely with the NUWSS and Women's Freedom League in the area of improved pay and conditions for female workers. Together they argued that when women achieved the vote, employers would be forced to improve their situation and that, on the other hand, enfranchisement itself was the best way of improving industrial conditions for women overall. With this in mind, The Women's Industrial Council set about acquiring information about industrial problems and Barton, as its Assistant Secretary, undertook an investigation of the wages and conditions of women in 1912. In Jun 1912 she gave a paper to a conference on the prevention of destitution which was later published as 'The Wages of Women in Industry' by the council. She published a series of articles on the issue through the Council, including, 'Clothing and the Textile Trades: Summary Tables' (with LW Papworth) and 'The Trade Boards: Table of Minimum Rates', in 1912. She also wrote 'The Civil Service and Women', for 'The Political Quarterly' in 1916, and 'Women's Wages' in 1912 for The Women's Co-operative Guild in 1912.

She appears to have become interested in the Fabian Society around 1913, and her longstanding interest in the suffrage movement in America led her, in 1915, to become a member of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. In 1915 she was also the Honorary Secretary of the Training School Committee of the Council. By 1914 she had become a Lady Inspector of the Board of trade and possibly a member of the Association of Women Clerks and Secretaries the following year. She appear to have married her husband WJ Barton, the headmaster at the College in Epsom, around 1915 or 1916, moving form London to the Headmasters' House there at this time. Her interest in the issues of women's equal pay and conditions appears to have subsisted after the war and she was asked to deliver a paper on women's wages to the Royal Statistical Society in 1919 while the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship published her article 'Equal pay for equal work' that same year. It is likely that Barton was the first person to deposit an archive with the Fawcett Library (now The Women's Library) on 15 Mar 1933, when she presented her 'notes on women's wages etc' to them.

John Barton (1789-1852) was a Quaker merchant of Chichester, Sussex, who, in 1811, married Ann the daughter of Thomas Woodrouffe Smith of Stockwell Park, Lambeth. On his marriage he was made a trustee of Thomas Woodrouffe Smith's estate under his will and subsequent settlement {ACC/1246/048}.

William Barton was born in 1923; educated in Nakuru, Kenya, 1929-1931; attended George Watson's Boys' College, Edinburgh, from 1931 and Edinburgh University Medical School. Barton qualified as a doctor in 1945 and worked as houseman at Surgical Out-patients Department in Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 1945.

Barton was employed by the Colonial Service to practice medicine, 1946-1964, which included postings in Kenya, 1946-1956 and Zanzibar, 1956-1964; became senior lecturer at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1964, under Professor George MacDonald, malariologist, and was appointed Deputy Director of the Ross Institute, 1968, which was incorporated in the Department of Tropical Hygiene. Barton was employed by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 1967-1987; he worked as consultant at WHO Head Quarters in Geneva, 1967-1971; was appointed as WHO Senior Medical Officer in Division of Family Health, 1972, and later as Programme Manager of Staff Development and Training, 1975. On retirement, Barton worked as Personal Advisor to the Director General of the Department of Health and Medical Services in Dubai.

Publications: In and Out of Africa (Blaisdon Publishing, 2000).

Miss Betty E M Bartram was born in July 1930 and lived at 202 Queens Road, Walthamstow and later looked after her parents Henry William Bartram known as 'Harry' and Ethel Daisy Bartram. She was the youngest of four children with two sisters and a brother. Betty left school on 19 February 1945 and soon began work and trained as a typist at educational classes.

At the end of May 1948 she left a wine works and in June 1948 started working at Winstone’s leaving there in October 1950. In the same month she began her employment at Strauss, Turnbull and Company Limited, stock brokers in the City of London. She left in March 1961 to join William Brandt's Sons and Company Limited, leaving four months later to start work at Consolidated Gold Fields (registered offices in 49 Moorgate, City of London, later 31 Charles II Street, St James's Square, Westminster in 1986) on 24 July 1961. Betty Bartram's duties included operating the telex machine. She took early retirement after 28 years service on 14 July 1989.

She and her father were affected by the proposed redevelopment of Queens Road area by the London Borough of Waltham Forest in 1967. She was also involved in Saint Saviour's Church, Walthamstow as Sunday School teacher with other roles in the church. Her parents also attended the church and her father assisted with the reconstruction of the church after it was hit by a landmine and badly damaged. Betty regularly visited the Anglican Benedictine Community of Saint Mary at the Cross in Edgware.

She moved from 202 Queens Road, Walthamstow to a care home in Grays, Essex in 2018.

The pension scheme is administered by HS Administrative Services Limited

The following companies (some of them with sub-companies) represent the BASF Group in the United Kingdom in 2009: BASF plc, BASF Coatings Ltd, BASF Construction Chemicals (UK) Ltd, BASF IT Services Ltd., BTC Speciality Chemical Distribution Ltd., Elastogran U.K.Ltd., Engelhard Metals Ltd, Engelhard Sales Ltd., Wingas Storage UK Ltd., and Wingas UK Limited.

A detailed history of the Company is available on their website: http://www.basf.co.uk/ecp1/History_UK_Ireland/index (accessed Sept 2009)

J E L Bashford served in the Royal Navy. He served with HMS VIRAGO, a destroyer on the China station, and HMS VERNON.

Basic English was developed by Charles Kay Ogden (1889 - 1957) as an 'international language' and as a system for teaching English to speakers of other languages using a simplified vocabulary of 850 words.

In 1927 Ogden established the Orthological Institute followed by the publication, in quick succession, of 'Basic English' (1930), 'The Basic Vocabulary' (1930), 'Debabelization' (1931) and 'The Basic Words' (1932). A period of rapid expansion saw the establishment of 30 agencies connected with Basic English across the world and by 1939 there were around 200 printed works in, or about, Basic English.

In 1943 Winston Churchill established a cabinet committee looking at Basic English. Following the committee's report, Churchill made a statement to the House of Commons on 9 March 1944. The statement outlined a strategy to develop Basic English as an 'auxiliary international and administrative language'. The statement was later published as White Paper CMD. 6511 titled 'The Atlantic Charter, and the Prime Minister's Statement on Basic English of March 9, 1944; in their original form, and in Basic English, for purposes of Comparison' (DC/BEF/5/10).

Ogden assigned his copyright for Basic English works to the Crown in June 1946. In 1947, with a grant from the Ministry of Education, the Basic English Foundation was established. The Basic English Foundation was constituted as a charitable trust 'to develop the study and teaching of the system and to promote a knowledge of Basic English, and thereby of the English Language, throughout the world'. The Basic English Foundation would remain closely associated with the Orthological Institute through which a certain amount of teacher training in Basic English was conducted.

Following the Second World War those concerned with Basic English were not able to reassemble the international network of teaching agencies. However, the promotion of Basic English as a means of teaching English continued.

The Basic English Foundation's main activity was translating and publishing books in Basic English and, after a controversial history, it finally wound up its activities in the 1960s.

Hyman M Basner was born in Russia in 1905, and moved to South Africa at an early age. He trained as a lawyer, and his case work brought him into close contact with Africans and their plight. He joined the Communist Party of South Africa, but resigned in 1938. He stood for Senate as a native representative against J H Rheinallt Jones, and served from 1942-1948. In 1943 he co-founded the African Democratic Party. He left South Africa after the Sharpeville massacre in 1960, and worked in Ghana from 1962-1966. He died in England in 1977.

Thomas S Basnett, entered as a pupil at St Thomas's Hospital, 29 Sep 1775. He appears to have practiced as a surgeon in Nottingham.

Joseph Else was Surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital, London from 1768 to 1780. He was appointed Lecturer in Anatomy and Surgery in 1768 on the unification of the medical schools of St Thomas's and Guy's Hospitals.

Publications: An essay on the cure of the hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis (London, 1770); The works of ... J. E., ... containing a treatise on the hydrocele, and other papers on different subjects in surgery. To which is added, an appendix, containing some cases of hydrocele ... by G Vaux (London, 1782); [An account of a successful method of treating sore legs.] Méthode avantageuse de traiter les ulcères des jambes in [Surgical tracts, containing a treatise upon ulcers of the legs.] Traité sur les ulcères des jambes, etc by Michael Underwood M D pp 217-228 (1744 [1784]).

Reginald Bassett was born in 1901. On leaving school he entered a solicitor's office, but at the age of twenty five he took up a scholarship at Ruskin College, Oxford and later at New College, Oxford. For fifteen years he was a lecturer under the Extra-Mural Studies Delegacy of the University of Oxford, working mainly in Sussex. When the London School of Economics started a course for students from trade unions in 1945, Bassett was appointed as a tutor. He was a tutor in trade union studies 1945-1950, lecturer in Political Science 1950-1953, Reader in Political Science 1953-1961, and Professor of Political Science from 1961 until his death in 1962. Bassett's main interests were politics and parliamentary government. He joined the Independent Labour Party at an early age and was an active member for many years. However by 1931 he had become a MacDonaldite and ceased to be a member of a political party. His first book The Essentials of Parliamentary Democracy (1935) discussed the conduct of parliamentary government, and he remained convinced that this was the best political system. His other works are Democracy and Foreign Policy (1952) and Nineteen Thirty-one: Political Crisis (1958).

Bassishaw Friendly Association was founded in 1840. In 1903 its name was changed to Bassishaw Ward Club.

The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council. The Bassishaw ward is bounded north by Cripplegate Ward Without, east by Coleman Street Ward, west by Cripplegate Ward Within and south by Cheap Ward. The ward contained one City parish church: St Michael Bassishaw.

The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.

One of the twenty-six wards of the City of London, bounded north by Cripplegate Ward Without, east by Coleman Street Ward, west by Cripplegate Ward Within and south by Cheap Ward. The ward contained one City parish church: St Michael Bassishaw.

The Batavia Sea and Fire Insurance Company was based on Birchin Lane. It was one of the Java Companies, a group of insurers trading in Indonesia. The other companies were Veritas Insurance Company, Ardjoeno Insurance Company and Java Sea and Fire Insurance Company.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Charles Spence Bate was born at Trenick House, near Truro, Cornwall, in 1819. Charles Spence Bate practised dentistry at Swansea from 1841-1851, and then practised at Plymouth. During his career, Bate was Secretary and President of the Plymouth Institution, President of the Odontological Society and an Honorary Member of the Dublin Natural History Society. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1854, a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1860, and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1861. Bate published 'On the Development of Decapod Crustacea' in the Philosophical Transactions, 1857. He was an eminent zoologist, and became known as an authority in Crustacea. He died in 1889.

George Bate was born in Maids Morton, Buckinghamshire, in 1608, the son of John Bate of Barton, Buckinghamshire. He began his studies at New College, Oxford, in 1622. He then transferred to Queens College for a time, before eventually entering St Edmund Hall. Here he obtained his BA, in 1626, and then his MA, in 1629. He graduated MB on 1 March 1629, and obtained a licence to practice from the University.

Bate practiced in and around Oxford over the next few years. He obtained his MD on 7 July 1637, and continued to practice with great success. Whilst the Court remained at Oxford Bate had become physician to the King, despite it first being thought that he was a puritan. When the King and his Court returned to London Bate followed, and settled in the capital. He was admitted a Candidate of the Royal College of Physicians in 1639, and a Fellow in 1640. Bate served as Censor of the College in 1645, 1646, and 1648.

Bate made several literary contributions, both political and medical. The Royal Apologie, or Declaration of the Commons in Parliament 11th February 1647 Canvassed (1648) has been attributed to him, although some doubt has been expressed regarding the validity of this claim of authorship (Munk's Roll, vol. I, p.230). The publication, Elenchus Motuum nuperorum in Anglia simul ac Juris Regii ac Parliamentarii brevis Narratio (1649), is a Latin version of a re-worked part of the aforementioned work. They are both a defence of the King's acts in his quarrel with Parliament, and profess to have been drawn up from authentic records. Bate shared authorship of two medical books; firstly Francis Glisson's De Rachitide (1650), in which Glisson named Bate as one of the physicians who worked out, with him, the observation of rickets; and secondly the posthumously published Pharmacopoeia Bateana (1688), which professes to be a collection of his prescriptions.

Throughout the Interregnum, 1649-60, having entered as physician to the Charterhouse soon after arriving in London, Bate acted as chief physician to Oliver Cromwell whilst he was General, and afterwards Protector. During this time, in 1657, he was named an Elect at the Royal College of Physicians.

With the Restoration of Charles II in 1660, Bate, again a Royalist, reacquainted himself with the Royal party and was made physician to the King. Indeed it has been noted that `amidst all the mutations of those changeful times... Dr Bate always contrived to be the chief state physician' (ibid, p.229). It was also at this time that Bate became one of the earliest fellows of the Royal Society. In 1666 he delivered the anatomy lectures to the Royal College of Physicians.

Bate died at his house in Hatton Garden, London, on 19 April 1669, at the age of 60. He was buried at Kingston-Upon-Thames, with his wife Elizabeth. An inscribed monument was erected to his memory in the chancel of the church.

Publications: The Royal Apologie, or Declaration of the Commons in Parliament 11th February 1647 Canvassed (anonymous, thought to be Bate) (London, 1648)
Elenchus Motuum nuperorum in Anglia simul ac Juris Regii ac Parliamentarii brevis Narratio (anonymous thought to be Bate) (London, 1649)
De Rachitide, sive Morbo Puerili qui Vulgo The Rickets Dicitur, Tractatus, Adscitis in Operis Societatem, F. Glisson, G. Bate, & A. Regemortero (London, 1650) (Treatise of the Rickets, Being a Disease Common to Children ... by F. Glisson, G. Bate & A. Regemorter; translated by P. Armin (London, 1651)
Pharmacopoeia Bateana, G. Bate & J. Shipton (London, 1688)

Born Plymouth, 12 Dec 1913; produced and conducted an opera in Plymouth at age 17; won open scholarship to Royal College of Music, 1932; studied there under Ralph Vaughan Williams, R.O. Morris, Gordon Jacob and Arthur Benjamin, one of his fellow students being Peggy Glanville-Hicks, whom he was later to marry; won various prizes and studied under Nadia Boulanger in Paris and Paul Hindemith in Berlin; returned to England and commissioned to write his Piano Concertino, first performed at the Eastbourne Festival, 1937; became associated with the London stage and composed incidental music for a number of plays; two of his ballets Perseus and Cap over mill were produced in London, 1938; visited Australia as a lecturer and a solo performer of his own piano works; toured USA and Brazil in the 1940s where his music was well received, including the premier of his Second Piano concerto under Sir Thomas Beecham with the New York Philharmonic and his Second Sinfonietta at the festival of the International Society for Contemporary Music in California, 1943; received further commissions for ballet and film music; returned to London in 1949; visited Brussels and Amsterdam as a soloist, later performances included the premier of his Concerto Grosso in Paris and the premier of his Third Symphony at the Cheltenham Festival, 1954; became depressed at the lack of recognition his music received in the UK, and committed suicide, London, 19 Oct 1959.

The Castle Bar Estate in Ealing was established in 1423 by Richard Barenger. In 1650 it was purchased by Sir William Bateman, who held other land in Ealing, and left to his descendants. William Bateman (d 1797) and his children William (d 1820) and Mary (d 1833) were all lunatics and the estate was disputed among Mary's heirs. The estate was bought by Francis Swinden in 1854. A three-storey mansion, called Castlebar House, stood on Castlebar Hill. It was built around 1641, but was dilapidated by 1855 when it was demolished. Tenants included Isabella Cunningham, countess of Glencairn; Lt-Gen Sir Frederick Augustus Wetherall (1754-1842) in 1818, and Sir Jonathan Miles in 1819.

From: 'Ealing and Brentford: Other estates', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 7: Acton, Chiswick, Ealing and Brentford, West Twyford, Willesden (1982), pp. 128-131 (available online).

Born, 1882; Education: MA; PhD; Career: Professor of Mathematical Physics in the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1928; died, 1946.

No information available at present.

Bateman's work was written to illustrate the Description and treatment of cutaneous diseases, 1798-1808, by Robert William (1757-1812).

Thomas Bateman was born in Whitby, Yorkshire, on 29 April 1778, the only son of a surgeon. He was educated at two private schools, one at Whitby the other at Thornton, before being apprenticed to an apothecary in Whitby for three years. In 1797 he began his studies in London, at the Windmill Street School of Anatomy, founded by Dr William Hunter, the celebrated anatomist. There he attended the lectures of Matthew Baillie, morbid anatomist. Simultaneously he attended the medical practice of St George's Hospital. He subsequently went to Edinburgh in 1798 to study, and obtained his MD in 1801. The subject of his thesis was Haemorrhoea Petechialis.

Bateman returned to London in 1801, with the purpose of starting in practice and completing his studies. He became a pupil of Dr Robert Willan, a pioneer in the diseases of the skin, at the Carey Street Public Dispensary. In 1804, due to Willan's influence, he was elected physician both at the Dispensary and at the Fever Institution (later the Fever Hospital). In 1805 he was admitted a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. Based on his experience at the Fever Institution, between 1804 and 1816, Bateman wrote a series of reports on the diseases of London and the state of the weather. He contributed these papers to the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, which he had jointly established in 1805 with Dr Duncan, junior, of Edinburgh, and Dr Reeve, of Norwich. The reports contributed to the establishment of his reputation, bringing him to the notice of a wider audience. The papers were later collected in one volume and published as Reports on the Diseases of London (1819).

At the Dispensary, under the tutelage of Willan, Bateman began to pay particular attention to diseases of the skin. Willan had been the first to describe these diseases in `a positive scientific manner, without being swayed by theoretical and formulistic conceptions' (DNB, vol. III, p.393), and Bateman followed in his footsteps, extending and perfecting his methodology. With Willan's retirement in 1811, Bateman became the principal authority in London on all affections of the skin. Consequently Bateman built up a large, profitable practice.

In 1813 Bateman published his Practical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases According to the Arrangement of Dr Willan (1813), and completed the series of watercolour drawings that Willan had begun. The publication was a great success, and was translated into French, German, and Italian. Its fame reached Russia whereupon the Czar sent Bateman a diamond ring, worth 100 guineas, and requested that copies of all Bateman's future publications be sent to him. Bateman followed up this publication with his Delineations of Cutaneous Diseases, Exhibiting the Characteristic Appearances of the Principal Genera and Species, Comprised in the Classification of Willan, and Completing the Series of Engravings Began by that Author (1817). This publication was particularly important because it contained descriptions of herpes iris (now known as erythema multiforme) and eczema due to external irritation. It also contained descriptions of molluscum contagiosum.

It is said that Bateman was a `skilful physician and excellent medical writer, whose works on skin diseases are still important' (ibid, p.394). Indeed his writings not only show his practical knowledge but also, from the references to ancient and modern writers, his learning. He wrote a number of smaller papers, in addition to the larger works, including all the entries in Abraham Rees's The Cyclopaedia; or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature (1819) from the letter C onwards, with only the exception of the 'History of Medicine'. He was the first librarian of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, assisting in the foundation of the library, and compiling its first catalogue.

In 1816 Bateman's health began to suffer, having had since childhood a delicate constitution. He lost the sight in his right eye, and the vision in his left began to be impaired. Unfortunately the use of mercury in his treatment led to an attack of mercurial erethism, which almost cost him his life. Bateman gave a description of the symptoms from which he suffered in the ninth volume of the Medico-Chirurgical Transactions. He rested for several months before returning to work at the Fever Institution in April 1817, due to an outbreak of a severe epidemic of fever in London. In February 1818 however he was forced, due to unremitting ill health, to resign his appointment. The following year he was compelled to resign from the Dispensary. He retired to Yorkshire and died in Whitby, on 9 April 1821, at the age of 42.

Publications:
Practical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases According to the Arrangement of Dr Willan (London, 1813)
Delineations of Cutaneous Diseases, Exhibiting the Characteristic Appearances of the Principal Genera and Species, Comprised in the Classification of Willan, and Completing the Series of Engravings began by that Author (London, 1817)
`A Succinct Account of the Contagious Fever of this Country Exemplified in the Epidemic Now Prevailing in London; with Observations on the Nature and Properties of Contagion' (London, 1818)
Reports on the Diseases of London (London, 1819)

Publications by others about Bateman:
Some Account of the Life and Character of the Late Thomas Bateman, MD, FLS, Physician to the Public Dispensary and to the Fever Institution in London James Rumsey (London, 1827)

Edward Bates (d 1896) spent a number of years in India where he established himself as a merchant in Bombay. In 1848 he left this business in charge of an agent, returned to England and opened an office in Liverpool as an importer of Indian produce. He also began a regular service to Bombay with chartered vessels, and in 1850 he started building up a fleet of sailing ships. Trading was soon extended to include first Calcutta and then the Far East and, when the gold rush began, passenger ships sailed direct to Australia and returned via India or South America. In 1870 the firm was renamed Edward Bates and Sons. Edward went to live in Hampshire and the eldest of his four sons, Edward Percy Bates (d 1899), took over the management of the Liverpool office. The next year Edward became an MP and a regular attender at the House; in 1886 he received a baronetcy. In earlier years Bates had bought steamers and converted them into sailing vessels, but from 1870 the partners began adding steamers to their fleet. They continued to acquire sailing ships as well up to 1884, but in 1886 they had a steel-screw steamer built to their own design, which heralded a change of direction to a smaller number of large modern steamships engaged in general tramping. The Bombay office was closed in 1898 and the business there amalgamated with Killick Nixon and Co. When Edward Percy Bates died in 1899 his son Edward Bertram Bates (d 1903) succeeded to the title and the management of the family business. He in turn was succeeded by Percy Elly Bates (1879-1946), who in 1910 joined the board of the Cunard Company. In 1911 he and his two brothers joined the board of Thomas and John Brocklebank and exchanged their largest vessel for half of the Brocklebank family's shares. By 1916 Sir Percy Elly Bates was running the Commercial Services branch of the Ministry of Shipping and his two brothers had gone to the war; as there was no one in the office to manage their ships they sold them to Brocklebank's. This was the end of their shipowning activities, but the partnership of Edward Bates and Sons continued in business as merchants and private bankers. In 1916 Bates and Brocklebank's both moved their offices into the new Cunard Building and in 1919 Cunard bought all the shares in the Brocklebank Line owned by the Brocklebank and Bates families. Sir Percy Bates became deputy chairman of the Cunard Shipping Co in 1922 and was chairman from 1930 until his death in 1946. His brother Denis (1886-1959) became chairman of Brocklebank's when Sir Aubrey Brocklebank died in 1929. The remaining Brocklebank shares (owned by the Anchor Line) were bought by Cunard in 1940.

Herbert Ernest Bates (later known to his friends and wife as 'H.E') was born in Rushton, Northamptonshire on 16 May 1905. He received his education at Kettering Grammar School and when he left at the age of sixteen he became, first, a clerk and then a provincial journalist. His first novel, The Two Sisters, was published in 1926 by Jonathan Cape after being rejected by 9 other publishers. By 1931, Cape had published three further novels.

In 1941, the Royal Air Force recruited Bates as a short story writer under the pseudonym of 'Flying Officer X'. This work included, The Greatest People in the World (1942) and Fair Stood the Wind for France. The latter was published by Michael Joseph who was to be his publisher for the rest of his life.

The Darling Buds of May (1959) began a popular series of earthy novels set in a rural context and for this work, he may be best remembered. His acclaimed autobiography was published in three volumes: The Vanished World (1969), The Blossoming World (1971) and The World in Ripeness (1972). Bates died in Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, Kent on 29 January 1974.

According to the articles, John Bates had done business 'for several years' with Thomas Young as his clerk. Nothing more is known about John Bates. Thomas Young obtained his broker's bond on 27 January 1761, where he is described as citizen and clothworker, of Serjeants' Inn and Garraway's Coffee House.

John A.V. Bates was born on 24 August 1918. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge and went on to clinical training at University College Hospital, London. During the Second World War he worked on visual tracking in gunnery and control design in tanks under the auspices of the Ministry of Supply. In 1946 he joined the External Scientific Staff of the Medical Research Council based at the Neurological Research Unit at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, London, where he worked until retirement in 1978. Bates also served as Honorary Consultant Physician to the Department of Applied Electrophysiology at the Hospital.

Bates was a leader in the field of neurophysiology. At the end of the Second World War, using home-made equipment from surplus electronic parts, Bates developed specialised equipment for brain stimulation and recording. He studied the human electroencephalogram (EEG) in research into voluntary movement, a term he may have coined. He went on to study the neurological effects of hemispherectomy and later collaborated with Irving Cooper and Purdon Martin on research into Parkinson's Disease, with work on human postural and balance mechanisms.

Bates founded the Ratio Club, a small informal dining club of young physiologists, mathematicians and engineers who met to discuss issues in cybernetics. The idea of the club arose from a Society of Experimental Biology Symposium on Animal Behaviour held in Cambridge, July 1949. The initial membership was W.R. Ashby, H. Barlow, G.D. Dawson, T. Gold, W.E. Hick, D.M. MacKay, T. McLardy, P.A. Merton, J.W.S. Pringle, H. Shipton, D.A. Sholl, A.M. Uttley, W.G. Walter and J. Westcott. A.M. Turing joined after the first meeting and other other members included I.J. Good, P.A. Woodward and W.H.A. Rushton. The Club continued in being until 1958. Bates acted as Secretary and retained many of its historical records.

Bates was a member of the Physiological Society from 1949, and a member of the Electroencephalography Society (now the British Society for Clinical Neurophysiology), serving as President 1976-1978, and the Association of British Neurologists. He died on 16 July 1993.

The Bath Sun Fire Office was established in 1776 and acquired by the Sun Insurance Office in 1838.

Katherine Bathurst, the daughter of the Rev. Frederick Bathurst, Archdeacon of Bedford, was born on the 10th May 1862 in Diddington, Huntingdonshire and educated at home, in Brighton and Dresden; taught at the Morley College for Working Men and Women and also French at the Honeywell Road Evening Continuation School, 1894-1895; attended classes and lectures in economics at the London School of Economics, 1895; appointed the third female school sub-inspector by the Board of Education (Miss R.A. Munday and Miss S.J. Willis, had been appointed in 1896), September 1897. She was initially attached to Chief Inspector Rev Francis Synge in the East End of London but they had a difficult working relationship and, in November 1897, she was transferred to the Lambeth district, first under HMI Mr W.E. Currey and then the Rev. Charles D. Du Port, with Miss Munday.

In February 1899 Katherine Bathurst was posted to the Cardiff and Barry districts under Mr A.G. Legard, Chief Inspector of Wales. Two out of three teachers in the area were women and they had requested a female inspector. During 1899-1900 she visited infant schools in the area and criticised running conditions and exercise drills in her reports. She and Legard encouraged the introduction of the kindergarten system into infant schools in the district. Bathurst also took an interest in special schools and secured regular dinners for young children in the Cardiff Blind School. During this period she made a representation to Sir George Kekewich, Secretary of the Education Department, concerning the working conditions of sub-inspectors.

In 1901 Bathurst asked for a transfer and was posted to Oxford where she worked under HMI Edmond Holmes. She entered into a number of disputes with Holmes and Board of Education officials concerning Holmes' editing of her reports, her claims for expenses and diary entries. In February 1904 she was put 'on probation' for six months following a complaint by the Oxford Education Committee.

In March 1904 the female inspectors were taken out of the regular inspectorate. Their new role was to be specialist 'Women Inspectors' under a divisional inspector. Two were to be based in London, one in the Midlands, one in Yorkshire, one in Wales. Bathurst was to be based in Manchester under HMI E.M. Sneyd-Kynnersley. They were to report on the education of 3-5 year-olds in public elementary schools, looking into the social background of the children, school organisation, teaching and discipline. Their role was to collect information, not to inspect or to give advice. A standard 'Form 61', with prescribed questions, was issued for completion on each school visit.

Bathurst visited as many schools as she could within her probation period and estimated she had inspected 91 schools and 30,000 children. She reported that the school premises were ill-ventilated, overcrowded and unhygienic, the desks were too high for small children and children were made to stand while reading and to exercise with dumb-bells. She argued that harsh discipline and a strict curriculum were unsuitable for 3-5 year olds and proposed a kindergarten system, with play space and hammocks for sleeping until the age of 6. She proposed that certified teachers should be replaced by qualified nurses with the Froebel Certificate.

Encouraged by Sir John Gorst, Bathurst submitted her preliminary report before the end of her probation period and before it was requested by the Board of Education, knowing it was likely to result in her dismissal. Sir John Gorst (1835-1916) was an MP and his wife was the cousin of Bathurst's mother. He was interested in questions of child labour and the social conditions of children and gave advice on the contents of the report and on the covering letter before Bathurst submitted it on 16th August 1904. The Board of Education criticised it for making recommendations outside the remit of the investigation, rather than presenting collected data in accordance with the prescribed questions laid out in Form 61. Bathurst was asked to resign as from 7th February 1905 and, meanwhile, to complete her report as originally requested.

Again with encouragement from Sir John Gorst, she submitted her completed report and a supplementary report on her resignation. The supplementary report attacked the system of inspection and included specific names and details as examples. After some debate, both reports were included in the series of Women Inspectors' Reports published by the Board of Education in September 1905. Bathurst's report was prefaced and footnoted by the Board to counter some of her statements and specific names and examples were omitted. There was general press and education press coverage of the Reports and particularly of Bathurst's and the Board of Education's comments. Bathurst carried on the dispute through letters and articles in the press.

After her resignation she continued to take part in debates on the system of school inspections and infant school education. She later became involved in the National Union of Women Teachers (NUWT). In 1932, when she sent her papers to the NUWT, she was living in the Isle of Wight.

Sir Thomas Bathurst was born in 1622. He qualified as a Doctor of Medicine (MD), from the University of Leyden (Leiden) 2 July 1659. He was incorporated at Oxford on 17 March 1661, and was admitted a candidate of the Royal College of Physicians on 25 June 1662.

He was later knighted, and it is thought made a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, although evidence of his admission has not been found (Munk's Roll, vol. I, p.306). Bathurst died in 1688.

Allan Victor Batley (1887-1977) was born at Wramplingham, Norfolk. He was superintendent of the Parks and Cemeteries Department of the Borough of Dagenham for 24 years from 1930 to 1954. Before this he tended the gardens of a number of private houses, including Broke Hall, Ipswich and Waddesdon Manor, Aylesbury, as well as parks belonging to Southall and Norwood Urban District Council. After his retirement he returned to Norfolk. He died at his home in Attleborough at the age of 90.

The Batt Family were Surgeon Apothecaries, of Witney, Oxon.

Born, 1884; apprenticed in a drapery business. Her father thought of setting her up in business on her own account, but although she completed her apprenticeship, she decided this was not what she wanted, 1902-1905; at a convent in Brittany, learning French and needlework, 1905-1906; started nursing in a small hospital in Kentish Town, 1906; trained as a nurse at Royal Free Hospital, 1907-1911; midwifery course for 3 months at University College Hospital. Awarded CMB March. Worked nights on the district in a very poor area, and in the wards by day, 1912; went as night sister to Chest Hospital, Victoria 1912 Road East, and was put on day duty 6 months later in a men's ward with 43 patients. 20 were TB patients and spent half the day in the grounds, supervised by a retired army sergeant, 1912; asked by Matron at Royal Free Hospital to assist with preparation of newly-built out-patient department for the reception of wounded officers. A number of simple rooms intended for medical students and nursing staff were reserved for senior officers. Altogether there was accommodation for 150 offices, 1914; offered post of Sister-in-charge of Marlborough Maternity Section, RFH, 1919; Ward opened Jan 1920; in charge at Endsleigh Street extension (maternity), Apr 1921-Dec 1924; opened a small nursing home with a friend, Miss Little. 82 Adelaide Road, Swiss Cottage, 1925-1932; private nursing, 1932-1936; kept house for her brother Jack and two small children in India, Jan-Oct 1937; private nursing in Brighton, 1937-1938; nursing sister at King's College of Household and Social Science, Notting Hill Gate (now Queen Elizabeth College), Apr 1938- Feb 1939; sick leave. Patient at Royal Free Hospital, Feb 1939; working at a nursing home at Hawkhurst, Dec 1939; King's College having been evacuated to Wales, she was asked to return, and was first at College Hall, Llannishen, Cardiff. Later the College moved to Leicester, and she ran two hostels, Knighton Hayes, and Crowbank 31 Chapel Lane, 1940-1941; her brother and his family returned from India in 1948 and she thereafter kept house for them till she was in her 80's; died, 1984.

George Beckett Batten was born in India in 1860. He studied at Edinburgh University and obtained his Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Surgery in 1884, and the MD in 1887. He went on to study for a DMRE (Diploma in Medicine, Radiology and Electrology) at Cambridge in 1921. In World War One he was Surgeon in charge of the X-ray department at Southwark Military Hospital. During his career he was Honorary Radiologist, the Children's Hospital Sydenham; Senior Medical Officer, East Dulwich Providential Dispensary; Assistant Medical Officer, Fife and Kinross District Asylum; and Honorary Surgeon and Ophthalmology Assistant, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. He was a member of the British Institute of Radiology; member and former president of the Rontgen Society; Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine; and a member of the British Medical Association. Batten was amongst the first to work in Radiotherapy, and his daughter, Dr Grace Batten (MRCS) was also a Radiologist. He died in 1942.

Born in 1893; 2nd Lt, 1912; served in France and Belgium, 1914-1915, 1917; Lt, 1915; Capt, 1916; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, India, 1919-1920; Captain Instructor in Gunnery (Artillery), School of Artillery, 1922-1926; Staff Officer, Royal Artillery, Northern Command, 1926-1928; Staff Captain, School of Artillery, 1928; commanded 11 Field Battery, Royal Artillery, India, 1933-1934; died 1979.

Battersea and Putney Hospital Management Group was responsible for the administration of hospitals in the Battersea and Putney area. The hospitals it managed were the Battersea General Hospital, Bolingbroke Hospital, Saint John's Hospital (on Saint John's Hill), Putney Hospital, Battersea Chest Clinic and Wandsworth Chest Clinic. In July 1964 it amalgamated with the Tooting Bec Hospital Management Group to form the Battersea, Putney and Tooting Group Hospital Management Committee.

The Battersea General Hospital, which stood on the corner of Prince of Wales Road and Albert Bridge Road, Battersea, has an involved history and its origins are not easy to trace. However, the following outline history has been compiled by reference to the minute books of the Board of Management (refs. H6/BG/A/01/001-010); papers in a legal case in which the hospital was involved in 1928 (refs. H6/BG/F/01/001-006) and files relating to the hospital amongst the records of the King Edward's Hospital Fund (refs. A/KE/45/4; A/KE/260(1)-(2); A/KE/512(5)).

The Battersea General Hospital was founded in 1896 as The National Anti-Vivisection Hospital by a Mrs Theodore Russell Munroe, then Honorary Secretary of the Anti-Vivisection Society. A fund having been opened for the establishment of a hospital to be run on anti-vivisection principles, Mrs Munroe then fell ill and the project was handed over to the International Council of Delegates from anti-vivisection societies. The Council appointed as trustees the Right Hon Bernard John Seymour Baron Coleridge; the Right Hon Edward George Percy Littleton Baron Hatherton; Abiathar Wall; Ernest Bell and the Revd Augustus Jackson. The period from 1896-1901 was occupied with the preliminary work of raising funds and finding suitable premises.

The first Declaration of Trust (ref. A/KE/245/4) was dated 6 July 1897 and stated that it was proposed to raise a fund to found a general hospital to be known as The National Anti-Vivisection Hospital in or in connection with which no experiments on living animals were to be permitted and to the staff of which no one who supported or engaged in these practices was to be appointed, staff before appointment having to sign a pledge to this effect, and to the effect that they would not employ any remedies which could only be obtained as the product of experiments on living animals such as anti-toxin, Pasteur anti-rabic virus etc. It further stated that the trustees were to hold the four hundred and twenty pounds already subscribed and to raise more with the proviso that if after 21 years there was not a sufficient amount to found a hospital the funds were to be used for some other anti-vivisection purpose.

A second Declaration of Trust of 20 Nov 1899 (ref. A/KE/245/4) recites that one thousand, two hundred and sixty-eight pounds had been paid for a freehold site in Exmoor Street, Notting Hill for the founding of the hospital. This site could be sold to purchase another. A third Declaration of Trust of 31 Dec 1900 (ref. A/KE/245/4) recites that the Trustees had paid seven thousand pounds for a site in Battersea: a freehold plot on the west side of Albert Road and the north of Prince of Wales Road, together with a house, offices, coach-house and stables thereon called Lancaster Tower. A fourth Declaration of Trust dated 22 June 1901 (ref. A/KE/245/4) made some minor amendments to the terms of the trust including that the word 'General' should be added before 'Hospital' in its title.

The legal papers of 1928 (ref. H6/BG/F/01/001-006) state that the first annual meeting was held on 13 March 1889, but it would seem likely that this is a misprint for 1899. It is also stated that a copy of the Report for 1901 shows that premises had been acquired and that the adaptation was nearly complete. The hospital opened to outpatients in June 1902 and to in-patients in Jan. 1903.

Of the 13 original governors 10 were women. The Hon Treasurer was the Dowager Countess of Portsmouth, the Hon Secretary and Hon Assistant Secretary were women and Drs Helen Bouchier of Paris and Anne McCall of Battersea were on the Honorary Medical Staff. A complete list of the staff in 1903 is given on a handbill promoting the hospital (ref. A/KE/260(1)). This also reveals that there were originally 15 beds, 4 of which were for children.

A report in The Evening News for 28 Dec 1936 (ref. A/KE/512/5) refers to 'Dr. Alexander Bowie, of Park Lane, the consulting physician, who opened the hospital between 30 and 40 years ago'. It quotes him as saying 'Even before the hospital was built there were two sections who differed about it and for a time the money went into Chancery. Then I was put in charge and opened the hospital. I remember that we began with one little girl patient. But it soon grew till the number was 100. I appointed the first house physician, a woman, the first nurse and the first medical staff'. Certainly Alexander Bowie is listed as one of the Trustees in the handbill of 1903 noted above.

The same article refers to the Brown Dog Memorial erected in Battersea in 1906 by the International Anti-Vivisection Council in memory of a dog allegedly cruelly treated during experiments at University College Hospital. For information on the memorial and the riots which led to its removal in 1911 see The Brown Dog Memorial in 'Wandsworth Historian', March 1985 and Battersea Metropolitan Council minutes 1904-1911, and also the unpublished recollections of E.G. Slesinger who entered Guy's Hospital as a medical student in 1905, among the records of Guy's Hospital held by the Record Office (ref. H9/GY/Y/03/001 pp. 9-10).

An indenture of 15 Jan 1906 (summarised in A/KE/245/4) shows that the Trustees received a conveyance in trust of Darenth House, 34 Camberwell Green. The Grantors were the Trustees of an institution called The Hospital of St. Francis, which was dissolved in 1906 and merged in the Anti-Vivisection Hospital. By an Order of the Charity Commissioners of 4 June 1909 the Trustees were authorised to sell the land.

The Hospital of St. Francis had been founded in 1897 by Dr. Josiah Oldfield as an anti-vivisection hospital. The records of the Charity Organisation Society deposited here include among the closed records of the Enquiry Department a file on this man and the institution which he founded (ref. A/FWA/C/D330/1). It was originally at 145 New Kent Road, and a scathing attack in 'The Hospital' of 26 July 1902 gives a detailed description of the accommodation there. The hospital was forced to close and although it was announced in the press in March 1903 that new premises had been purchased overlooking Camberwell Green for what was now to be known as The South London Hospital, it was closed in 1904, ostensibly following the decision of King's College Hospital to build nearby.

In 1909 (and again in 1927) an International Delegation visited the Anti-Vivisection hospital to investigate its work, one participant being the Vice President of the Union Ligue Populaire Contre la Vivisection et des Animaux Sauves de la Vivisection et de l'Abandon. The records of the hospital include a pamphlet in French publicising this Society (ref. H6/BH/F/01/006/006). There is a reference to the Anti-Vivisection Congress in the minutes of the Board of Management for 1 April 1909 (ref. H6/BG/A/01/001).

The hospital was incorporated on 27 September 1910 and became known as The Anti-Vivisection Hospital, The Battersea General Hospital (Incorporated). This had been under discussion for several years (see minutes of the Board of Management for 6 June 1905 and 4 March 1909 ref. H6/BG/A/01/01). A copy of the Memorandum and Articles of Association drawn up in 1910 can be found in A/KE/245/4. In this, among other things, vivisection is more closely defined. It also states that the hospital is to be a public charity but with the power to take paying patients. Also, no major operation was to be performed without the written consent of the patient and no experiment, with or without drugs or anaesthetics, be made on any patient unless its object be to promote the healing and benefit of the patient. A sketch of the constitution of the National Anti-Vivisection Hospital, The Battersea General Hospital enclosed in a letter dated 11 Nov 1907 in file A/KE/260(1) elaborates on this principle and stresses that treatment is with the sole aim of curing the malady and relieving the suffering and that the acquisition and spread of medical knowledge is regarded as a secondary object. It further states that one of the physicians is a homeopath and patients might receive homeopathic treatment. 'The only treatment absolutely shut out is that which (such as that of M. Pasteur) implies resort to Vivisection. The Buisson treatment of hydrophobia is installed at the Hospital'.

The hospital did not meet with universal approval. The minutes of the Board of Management for 5 Aug 1909 (ref. H6/BG/A1/1) record that the Board of the Metropolitan Hospital Sunday Fund had made injurious remarks regarding the system of the Anti-Vivisection Hospital and the efficiency of its treatment. An application for a grant made by the hospital to King Edward's Hospital Fund in 1907 was turned down on the grounds that 'The {hospital} does not comply with those general conditions which they consider should govern any hospital designed for the best form of relief for the sick poor....' (ref. A/KE/260(1)), and the Committee recommended that the hospital 'not be visited in future in consequence of its work being based on considerations which are not exclusively directed to the welfare of the patients'. Applications in subsequent years up to 1935 were all turned down for the same reason, and the correspondence can be found in files A/KE/260(1) (1907-1928); A/KE/260(2) (1930-1934) and A/KE/245/4 (1935). These files also contain a large amount of material relevant to the history of the hospital such as newspaper cuttings (some of which comment adversely on the treatment of cases admitted to the hospital); articles in medical journals; extracts from Visitors reports; statistics; financial details and anti-vivisection pamphlets.

In 1928 the hospital was involved in a legal case over a disputed will (see H6/BG/A/01/004 and H6/BG/F/01). Constance Edith Guerrier, who died in France 24 Jan 1926, in her will dated 8 Nov 1919 bequeathed her estate in England to 'The Women's Hospital, Battersea'. Battersea Borough Council contended that their Maternity Home at Bolingbroke Grove, Battersea was the only hospital purely for women in the borough. However, the decision went in favour of the South London Hospital for Women which, it had been contended, was just outside the borough of Battersea. The Anti-Vivisection Hospital The Battersea General Hospital contested this decision, claiming that more than half the hospital was devoted to women's wards, contained a special cancer ward for women and in earlier days had been run entirely by lady doctors. They also produced evidence to show that the testator was a keen supporter of anti-vivisection principles. However, the final decision went against the hospital. In 1928, according to the affidavit of the Chairman of the hospital in the Guerrier case (ref. H6/BG/F/01/001/013), the hospital was to a certain extent supported financially by and identified with anti-vivisection societies such as The Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society of London. In 1932, however, when applying to King Edwards Hospital Fund for a grant, the hospital reported that it had changed its practice as regards anti-vivisection principles, but that a three-quarters majority could not be obtained for a resolution in favour of changing the name of the hospital and the Memorandum and Articles of Association. The application was again turned down.

Early in 1935 the Chairman of the hospital announced that the hospital was in such financial straits that it was impossible to carry on. In May the Court of Governors passed a resolution amending the Memorandum and Articles of Association to omit any reference to anti-vivisection principles. However, it was discovered that the change would need the sanction of the High Court since the hospital was bound by trust deeds which pre-dated the Memorandum and Articles of Association and which strongly stressed the anti-vivisection basis. Furthermore the Incorporated Company was only in fact a Trustee Company holding property under these original Trusts. Meanwhile a large part of the hospital was closed for lack of funds. In June it was stated in the Press that a new chairman had been appointed who was prepared to guarantee a loan of ten thousand pounds and that part of the hospital was to be kept open. Then in November the Court sanctioned the alteration of the Memorandum of Association and approved a cy-prs scheme. Henceforth the hospital was to be known as the Battersea General Hospital (Incorporated).

The hospital now became eligible for grants from the King Edward's Hospital Fund (see file A/KE/512(5) for 1935-7). This file contains among other things a list of all the medical staff of the hospital in 1936 with their addresses and qualifications; a detailed questionnaire regarding the facilities and income of the hospital; the summary of a scheme for increasing the pay beds and reducing the ordinary beds and information, including press cuttings, regarding an attempt by the hospital to reorganise the basis on which its medical staff were appointed to bring it in line with other hospitals, during which a number of staff were sacked or resigned. In 1943 Sir Peter Lindsay, the Managing Director of the Morgan Crucible Company, Battersea, was appointed Chairman of the hospital. Among the records of the Company are a number of administrative papers relating to the hospital during his tenure of office. A list of these is available, but it is stressed that written permission must be obtained from the Company before they can be consulted. The hospital was taken over by the National Health Service in 1948, becoming part of the Battersea Putney and Tooting (No. 3) Group. It was closed in 1972.

Battersea Metropolitan Borough and Wandsworth Metropolitan Borough were part of the London County Council. Under the Air Raid Precautions Acts of 1937 and 1939 County Councils were responsible for making arrangements for the protection from injury and damage of persons and property within the County. This included the training of volunteers as control room staff, wardens, rescuers, ambulance drivers, messengers and salvage; building shelters; establishing rest centres for the homeless and evacuation of schools and the vulnerable.

Battersea and Wandsworth were a prime target during the Blitz because of the railway network, factories and power station in the area. From July 1940 to April 1944, 2,729 high explosive bombs and parachute mines together with about 50,000 incendiary bombs were dropped on the two boroughs. From June 1944 to March 1945, 160 V1 flying bombs and 8 V2 rockets fell on the two boroughs. Also, during that time, eight V2 rockets fell on the boroughs from the 8th September 1944 to the 6th March 1945. About 1,800 died and about 8,900 were injured in the 2 boroughs.

Source of statistics: http://www.emc.org.uk/hawkley1939/History/civilian_air_raid_casualties.htm

The University of Surrey began as the Battersea Polytechnic Institute founded in 1891 under the City of London Parochial Charities Act (1883) scheme to establish Polytechnic Institutes throughout London. Situated in Battersea Park Road, the Institute was the second of three proposed Polytechnics for South London and was formally opened in 1894 with six main departments: Mechanical Engineering and Building Trades; Electrical Engineering and Physics; Chemistry; Women's Subjects; and Art and Music.
The Polytechnic, Institute was dropped from the title in 1898, was well-established by 1900 although courses were mainly part-time. From 1901 the Principal, S.H. Wells promoted the establishment of "feeder" institutes for the Polytechnic, these later came under the London County Council but remained closely associated with Battersea. Through the employment of teachers recognised by the University of London full-time degree courses were established and the Polytechnic enjoyed considerable academic success leading to application for recognition as a School of the University in 1911. The application failed but recognition of its academic status remained a continuing concern for the Polytechnic. The increasingly academic nature of the courses led to an investigation by the City Parochial Foundation but Battersea was able to prove that the majority of its advanced students came from the poorer classes.
During the years 1927 to 1939 the Polytechnic consolidated with a growing emphasis on science and engineering and the addition of metallurgy but the closure of the Art Department. Post-war expansion was curtailed by the site at Battersea despite the separation in 1950 of the Domestic College, successor of the original Women's Subjects Department. However this did not prevent the Polytechnic being designated a College of Advanced Technology in 1957 when the name was changed to Battersea College of Technology. In 1966 it received its charter as a University and the decision to move from London was made. Building began on the site adjacent to Guildford Cathedral and the University of Surrey started the move to its new premises in 1968. The Battersea site was completely vacated by 1970.
In April 1991 the University was awarded the Queen's Award for Export Achievement and in February 1997 the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education in recognition of the University's outstanding achievement in satellite engineering and communications, teaching and research by the Centre for Satellite Engineering and it's associated companies. In 1998 in recognition of the long standing relationship between the University of Surrey and the Roehampton Institute, London the two institutions decided to form an academic federation. This unique partnership was approved by the Privy Council in 1999 and the Federal University comprised the University of Surrey, Guildford and the University of Surrey, Roehampton. On 1st August 2004 Roehampton became a University in its own right as Roehampton University but the two Universities continue to support collaborative activities.

Battersea College of Education was established in the department of 'Women's Studies' at Battersea Polytechnic Institute as the Training School of Domestic Economy. A special grant had been given to the Polytechnic by the London County Council to open a teacher training school in domestic economy, and the first eleven full time students started their course in 1894. The department was recognised by the Board of Education as a teachers' training school in 1895. The department flourished, and in 1903 a new block was opened to provide improved accommodation. In January 1911 the first hall of residence was opened, with further halls provided in 1914.

After the Second World War the premises of Manor House School on Clapham Common Northside were purchased by London County Council for the Department. In 1948 London County Council took over the management of the department from Battersea Polytechnic and it was re-designated Battersea College of Domestic Science. A programme of building was undertaken, including a new science block which opened in 1953, and further new buildings opened in 1960. The College acquired a new site, Manresa House in Roehampton, in 1963, which became the Battersea Training College for Primary Teachers, providing courses for mature students. The College had also become a constituent college of the University of London Institute of Education, with courses leading to a Teachers' Certificate with special reference to domestic subjects and Department of Education and Science recognition of Qualified Teacher Status. In 1965 responsibility for the college was transferred from the London County Council to the newly established Inner London Education Authority and the College became known as the Battersea College of Education.

In 1976 it was proposed that Battersea should merge with the Polytechnic of the South Bank. Manresa House was closed in 1979, and primary education students were transferred to Rachel McMillan College. Home Economics students remained at Manor House which became part of the Polytechnic of the South Bank. The teacher training certificate was phased out in 1979, and in 1981/1982 the students transferred to the Polytechnic campus.

An ancient route was the lane from Battle or Bradford Bridge (King's Cross) to Highgate recorded in 1492. Caledonian Road, originally the Chalk Road but renamed after the Caledonian asylum, was built in 1826 by the Battle Bridge and Holloway Road Company, to provide a direct cut from the area west of the City to Holloway Road via Battle Bridge.

From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes (1985), pp. 3-8.

Bryan Batty qualified from St Bartholomew's Hospital, and became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1815. He was a physician and surgeon, and lived and practised in Sedbergh, Cumbria (then North Yorkshire).

He died most probably in 1871.

Born, 1762 or 1763; medical education in London and Edinburgh; graduated MD, University of St Andrews, 1797; obstetric physician, London; licentiate in midwifery, Royal College of Physicians (RCP), 1800; licentiate of RCP, 1804; physician to the maternity hospital, Brownlow Street; editor of the Medical and Physical Journal; amateur artist, exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1788-1797; died, 1849.

Aubyn Bernard Rochfort Trevor Battye (1855-1922) made a journey to the arctic Island of Kolguev in around 1895 about which he wrote a book. He returned to the Island in 1904.

Edith Stein was born in October 12, 1891 and was a German philosopher, a Carmelite nun, martyr, and saint of the Catholic Church, who died at Auschwitz. In 1922, she converted to Christianity from Judaism, was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church and was received into the Discalced Carmelite Order in 1934. She was canonized as Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (her Carmelite monastic name) by Pope John Paul II in 1998; however, she is still often referred to, and churches named for her as, Saint Edith Stein. Stein died August 9, 1942.

The depositor is her niece.

Born 1776; studied medicine and surgery in Paris, 1804; military physician; Professor of Anatomy and Pathology at the University of Louvain, 1821-1830; chair of surgical pathology, l'Université catholique, 1836-1850; died, 1852.

Father Noel Baudin of the Apostolic Vicariate of the Bight of Benin was a French Roman Catholic missionary in Benin, 1885.