The Imperial College of Science and Technology was established in 1907 by Royal Charter. The College was created from the incorporation of the Royal College of Science and the Royal School of Mines in 1907, and the City and Guilds College in 1910. St Mary's Hospital Medical School united with Imperial College in 1988, and was renamed Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. The College received a new Charter in 1997 on the establishment of Imperial College School of Medicine. On 1 August 2000 Wye College merged with Imperial College. A new charter was created, incorporating the renamed Imperial College at Wye.
The Human Resources Office handles recruitment, core administration, routine enquiries and the provision of management information.
The Finance and General Purposes Committee, which was also known as the Joint Finance and General Purposes Committee between 1966 and 1983, was created in 1901. The Committee was responsible for the central administration of the University, including the appointments, and conditions of service and examination finances. Through the Services Sub-committee the Finance and General Purposes Committee was responsible to the Senate and the Court for the maintenance of the Senate House and other University buildings. Under the heading of General Purposes the Committee dealt with residual matters not falling within the purview of the Statutory Councils.
In the mid-1980s the University felt that the FGPC was not well placed to form judgements on a number of matters within its remit, particularly those dealing with the Central administration of the University and its Terms of Reference precluded consideration of the academic work of the Senate Institutes and Activities. Taking on board the recommendations of the Jarratt Report 1986, the Senate decided to dissolve the FPGC in 1987.
The External Council was established as The Council for External Students under the 1900 statutes made for the University of London by the Commissioners appointed under the University of London Act 1898.
The Council consisted of the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, the Chairman of Convocation, members of the Senate appointed by Convocation, and members of the Senate elected by the Senate.
Despite the University of London Acts 1926 and 1978 the functions of the External Council remained the same. Statute 77, passed under the University of London Act 1978, defined the Councils duties as to 'advise the Senate and to exercise such executive powers as the Senate may delegate to it in respect of:
the establishment of degrees, diplomas and certificates of proficiency for External Students;
the preparation of syllabuses of study for External Students and the giving of advice and guidance to such students preparing for a degree, diploma or certificate of proficiency;
the regulation, conduct and superintendence of examinations for External Students and the appointment of Examiners for such examinations;
the admission of External Students under suitable conditions to University courses of instruction and to University libraries etc;
the conditions under which the Higher School Examination or examinations for the General Certificate of Education may be accepted in whole or in part as the equivalent of Intermediate or Preliminary examinations for External Students;
such other matters as the Senate may prescribe'.
In the academic session 1984-1985 the External Council became a committee of the Academic Council, the 'Committee for External Students'.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
Along with the Senate, the Court is one of the supreme governing bodies of the University. The establishment of the Court was recommended in the Hilton Young Report 1926 and was created by Statute 27 in July 1928, which came into operation in March 1929. The first meeting of the Court was held on 10 July 1929.
Originally the Court was comprised of sixteen members: ex officio members, the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor and the Chairman of Convocation and thirteen other members appointed by the Senate, His Majesty in Council, the London County Council and one co-opted member. In 1981 it was enlarged to 24 members. Besides the Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor and the Chairman of Convocation it had ten members voted by the Senate, four by the Crown, two by the Greater London Council, one from local authorities and four co-opted members.
Statute 27 defined the Court's functions, which included:
to have custody, control and disposition of all the property, funds and investments of the University;to control the finances of the University;to represent the University in all negotiations for obtaining grants;to determine the allocation of funds at the disposal of the university;to determine the expenditure necessary for the University property and staff.
The Court delegated its functions to various Court committees, such as the Committee on Accommodation, Bloomsbury Development Committee and the Allocation of Grants Committee.
In 1933 the Court took responsibility for arranging the laying of the foundation for the new site at Bloomsbury. Normally the Establishment Secretary was responsible for functions and ceremonies, but because of the Court's connection with the development of the Bloomsbury Site it was thought appropriate that Court staff along with the Principal should do most of the organisation. The Clerk of the Court represented the University at meetings of the Russell Square Garden Commissioners.
No information available at the time of compilation
The Charter of 1858 admitted graduates as part of the corporate body of the University of London and gave them the right to assemble in convocation. Along with the Senate and Court, Convocation is one of three statutory bodies of the University of London and it is open to graduates of the University of London on payment of an annual fee. A Chairman, Vice-Chairman and a secretary, who is responsible for looking after the administrative affairs, serves it.
The 1858 Charter defined the powers of Convocation as being: 'the power to nominate three persons for every Fellow to be appointed in the manner herinbefore mentioned from a list nominated by the Convocation'. Convocation had the power to: 'discuss any matter whatsoever relating to the University, and declaring the opinion of Convocation in any such matter; of accepting any new Charter for the University, or consenting to the surrender of Charters; of deciding on the mode of conducting and registering the proceedings of Convocation; of appointing and removing the Clerk of Convocation and of prescribing his duties'. However Convocation was not entitled to interfere in or take control over the affairs of the University.
Convocation was given two additional powers under the Charter of 1863. These were the powers of accepting and surrendering any 'supplemental' as well as any new Charter; and that of deciding as to the recognition, upon such terms as the Senate shall propose, of any Degree to be conferred under the Charter, other than Degrees in Arts, Laws, Medicine and Science, as qualifications for admission to Convocation.'
Between 1886 and 1889 Convocation took over the committee for promoting the celebration of the Jubilee of the University in 1886 and that of Queen Victoria in 1887 from the Freemasons and other bodies associated with the University. To commemorate the Jubilee a statue of Queen Victoria was commissioned and erected at Burlington Gardens, then home of the University of London.
The University of London Act 1898 made the Chairman of Convocation an ex officio member of the Senate and gave Convocation the power to appoint sixteen members to the Senate. The power of consent over the surrender of an existing Charter or acceptance of a new Charter disappeared in the 1898 Act. However Convocation was given the right to be informed of and to appeal against any proposed new Statutes.
The Statutes of 1900 gave members of Convocation the power to elect the Chancellor of the University. During the nineteenth century the Crown appointed the Chancellors. The first Chancellor to be elected by Convocation was the Earl of Rosebery in 1900.
The University of London Computer Centre was set up in 1968 following the University's acceptance of a Government report on how to facilitate the computing needs of universities. The aim of ULCC was to offer a service to all universities in Britain but most of its resources were devoted to thirteen universities in the south of England and to institutions of the University of London.
The Commerce Degree Bureau was constituted under a Declaration of Trust approved by the Senate of the University of London in July 1920, in connection with the institution of degrees in Commerce and amended in March 1947. The Bureau was officially opened at 46 Russell Square in March 1922.
Until 1947, the Bureau was under the direction of a Board of Governors. In March 1947 the control and management of the Bureau was placed in the hands of a Committee of the Senate known as the 'Commerce Degree Bureau Committee'. The Committee comprised of the Vice-Chancellor, the Chairman of Convocation, the Principal and not less than eight members appointed annually by the Senate of whom four were appointed by the Council for External Students.
The function of the Bureau was originally to advise and assist external students preparing for the B.Com examinations. In 1922 the work of assisting graduates and students of the University to find employment, previously carried out by the University Appointments Board, was amalgamated with that of the Commerce Degree Bureau, to the Board of which the Appointments Advisory Committee of the Senate reported. Between 1922 and 1938, when the two organisations were separated again, both functions were carried out by the Commerce Degree Bureau and Appointments Board under a single Board of Governors.
The Collegiate Council was created on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Report (1926) by the Statutes of 1928, with the aim of strengthening the voice of the Schools of the University in the constitutional apparatus and avoiding the faction fighting in the Senate, which had characterised it from 1900. The composition of the Collegiate Council varied, but it initially comprised of the Vice-Chancellor, the Principal and the heads of Schools.
Statute 80 defined the Collegiate Council's duties as:
Enabling each School to take an appropriate and adequate share in University teaching.Securing the most advantageous distribution among the institutions of teachers, equipment and facilities for study and research on such matters as the Senate may prescribe.
However, the Collegiate Council never acquired the influence that the Hilton Young Commission had intended, particularly in the respect of the allocation of resources. Instead it concentrated mainly on the management of central student facilities, such as Athletic Grounds and the University of London Union and such matters which fell exclusively with in the jurisdictions of Schools. For example the creation of a uniform policy on non-Appointed Teachers and members of technical, clerical and clinical staffs.
In 1980, as part of the wider changes in the governance of the University, the terms of reference of the Collegiate Council were redrawn. The duties of the Collegiate Council now included:
to encourage co-operation between Schools;
to make recommendations to the Senate on all matters for which coordinated policies or actions between or on behalf of the Schools appears desirable to the Council;
to formulate the collective view of Heads of Schools and Senate Institutions;
to advise Senate on matters affecting student members of the university which do not fall primarily within the responsibility of individual Schools or of the Academic Council;
to appoint, on behalf of the Senate, bodies to manage such residential, sporting, social and other recreational amenities for students of the University;
to exercise such powers as the Senate may delegate to it.
College Hall was opened in 1882 in Byng Place to provide accommodation for the rising numbers of female students at the University of London in general and University College London in particular. Classes were open to women at University College from 1870 and at the London School of Medicine for Women from 1874. Among the eminent founders of College Hall were: Miss Leigh Brown, Sir Edward and Lady Busk, Professor Carey Foster, Professor Alfred J. Church, Miss Eleanor Grove, Lady Lockyer, Professor Henry Morley, Miss Anna Swanwick and Mrs. Stephen Winkworth. The hall at first occupied one house on Byng Place but later grew to occupy three which the residents affectionately named, Byng'. The success of the hall led to the granting of its incorporation in 1886 under the title College Hall London. It was recognised as a Hall of Residence for Women Students by the Senate of the University of London in 1910 (S.M. 3045 of 15, June 1910). 400 students had resided in the Hall between 1882 and 1912 including 160 from the Slade School of Art. The aims of the Hall in 1912, were to provide accommodation for women undertaking serious academic work. Hardship funds and were also available in 1912 forailing residents', as well as scholarships and exhibitions. The money to support these funds came from a number of charitable trusts set up through bequests. There was also a `Country Cottage' - a weekend retreat. The Council in 1913 comprised the provost of University College and W.P Kerr, Professor of English Language and Literature at University College London from 1889.
By 1912 it was necessary to rebuild the hall. Initial funding for the hall had come from the founders and their friends. In 1912, it is recorded that no grant had been received from the General Maintenance Fund of the University of London. The buildings at that date were held on a sub-lease from the Coward Trustees who were then tenants of the Bedford Estate. Both the sub-lease of College Hall and the main lease held by Coward Trustees terminated in June 1923. With this in mind, the Council secured an option to purchase the site for £7,500 and from Coward Trustees, an option to purchase the rest of the lease for £3,195. The money was secured for the freehold of the site, in large part due to a bequest from the first Vice-Principal, Miss Morrison. A studio, library, dining-room, common-rooms and a gymnasium were intended for inclusion in the project. Funds, however, were not available for the improvements needed to the buildings.
In 1931, however, it was recognised that the Byng Place site was insufficiently large for the proposed plans for a new hall. The Council therefore acquired from the Duke of Bedford, a 99 years' building lease on a site in Malet Street. £35,000 was sought for the construction of the new hall, after the sale of Byng Place. The new hall opened on Malet Street in 1932. College Hall also owned premises on Gower Street that were leased to other institutions (including the Ministry of Works in January 1941). College Hall was leased to the Victoria League on 12 December 1939 for use as the King George and Queen Elizabeth Club for men from armed forces oversees. However, the building sustained serious damage from enemy air attack on the night of 17 April 1941. 20-30 lives were lost and the building was rendered uninhabitable. College Hall's status as a company ceased as of 1 August 1965. From that date, the Senate of the University of London assumed responsibility for the running of the hall while the Court of the University took over its assets and liabilities (reference: SM 5191 of 14 July 1965).
In December 1965, it was agreed that the Charitable Trusts of College Hall be transferred to the Collegiate Council of the University (reference: SM 1887 of 15 December 1965 and SM 5928 of 19 July 1967) (see Appendix 1 for a list of charitable trust associated with College Hall). The Court made an interim grant of £34,736 available for the acquisition of College Hall in 1966 (reference: SM 4982 of 15 June 1966). The Court made further grants of £51,180, £77,250 and £6883 available for the rehabilitation of College Hall following its transfer to the University (reference: SM 877 of 19 October 1966, SM 2072 of 14 December 1966 and SM 2524 of 25 January 1967). Today, College Hall provides accommodation for 250 women students in 115 single and 66 double study-bedrooms.
The University of London Children's Outing Group was organised to arrange summer and winter outings for children in care in London's children's homes and to offer support and assistance to children and their families. The group also undertook various fund raising activities to raise money for the group and other organisations offering care and support to children.
The University of London Centre of International and Area Studies was established in October 1969. The objects of the Centre were to promote and co-ordinate international and area studies at the graduate and advanced level and to provide opportunities for collaboration between members of the University and other interested persons. The Centre was under the direction of a Committee of Management, appointed annually by the Senate. The Centre was closed on the 30 September 1980.
The University of London Staff Association was founded in 1937 and for many years concentrated largely on social activities. With the expansion of the University it was necessary to set up a Consultative Committee to act as a means of communication between the University authorities and the staff. The Staff Association and the Consultative Committee merged in 1968 to become the University of London Administrative Staff Association.
The registers of deaths and changes of names of graduates was probably administered by the Registrar's Office and then after it was dissolved in 1901, by the Central File. After World War Two the Central File was renamed the Central Registry. Sometime during the mid-1980s the Central Registry ceased operations.
The Central File was created after the Registrar's Office was dissolved in 1901.The main task of the Central File was to file correspondence of the University. After World War Two the Central File was renamed the Central Registry. Sometime during the mid-1980s the Central Registry ceased.
The University of London Careers Advisory Service began with the establishment in 1909 of the University of London Appointments Board. Following the merger with the Commerce Degree Bureau in 1922 it became known as the University of London Commerce Degree Bureau and Appointments Board. In 1938 it became a separate body again. In 1970 its title was changed to the University of London Careers Advisory Board.
In 1852 Thomas Brown bequeathed a sum of money to the University for founding, ' an Institution for investigating, studying and endeavouring to cure maladies, distempers and injuries, any Quadrupeds or Birds useful to man may be found subject to.' The Senate allowed funds from the bequest to accumulate for nineteen years and in 1871 with a total sum of £33, 800 built the Brown Institution in Battersea.
The management of the Institution was under the control of a committee, which was responsible to the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor and Fellows of the University of London. The Committee of Management consisted of the Vice-Chancellor, not less than six members of the Senate, 'medical men'. The Committee was required to frame bye-laws, rules and regulations, govern the finances for the maintenance of the Institution, regulate the conditions of reception of the animals and the purchase of diseased animals for the promotion of science. The business of the institution was under the direction and control of the superintendent and was conducted in two departments, the Hospital and the Laboratory.
In the Hospital, where sick animals were treated, the Superintendent had the aid of a qualified veterinary surgeon. In the Laboratory research on animal diseases, animal physiology, surgical procedures and animal nutrition was conducted under the direction of the Superintendent. Scientific investigations were also undertaken for public bodies and institutions. These included The Royal Society, The Local Government Board and The Veterinary Department of the Army. Under the terms of Thomas Brown's Will the Professor Superintendent was obliged to give at least five lectures a year in English free to the public.
At the outbreak of the Second World War the hospital was closed owing to the departure of the Veterinary Assistant for the Army. In 1940 and 1943 the Institution sustained bomb damage. Further damage was incurred in February 1944 by flying bombs. The final destruction of the buildings occurred on 20 July 1944. This marked the end of the Institution's working life. After the War, the London County Council made a compulsory purchase order for the site where the Institution stood and in 1953 paid the University of London £4 700 for it. By that time it had been decided not to rebuild the Institution.
After twenty-five years of legal wrangling it was decided that the Trust Fund should be divided into two and it was shared between the University of London and Trinity College, Dublin. The income from the London share was used to maintain a Fellowship in veterinary pathology at the Royal Veterinary College.
The Botanical Supply Unit was established in 1950. It was sited on land belonging to Royal Holloway College and was managed by them. It was administered on behalf of the University by the Council of the College and closed in the early 1990's.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Until 1901 the Registrar as Treasurer of the University was responsible for financial matters. By 1898 the Assistant Clerk to the Senate who was responsible for compiling accounts assisted him in this duty. After the reconstitution of 1901 an Accounts Department was formed which initially comprised one accountant who reported to the Finance and General Purposes Committee. After the reconstitution of 1928 the accountant reported to both the Court and Finance and General Purposes Committee.
The Accountant's Department was amalgamated in 1977 with the Management Systems Department to form the two divisions of the Department of accounting and Administrative Computing. In 1982 the two divisions of the Department of Accounting and Administrative Computing were separated to become independent divisions of the Court Department. On 1 October 1985 the Accounting and Management Systems Division ceased to be part of the Court Department and from that date reported to the Principal through the Clerk of the Senate.
The Academic Council was created by the Statutes of 13 February 1900 to provide advice on the 'Internal' side of the University's activities. The Council was composed of 16 Senators representing Faculties (2 each), plus the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor and Chairman of Convocation, together with other Senators sufficient to make the number up to 20.
The Academic Council had an advisory role only, on such matters as: the assignment of funds for the erection or extension of buildings or equipment in the University or Schools of the University; the appointment of Professors, Assistant Professors, Readers or Lecturers of the University and generally upon any matter relating to the Internal Students.
The Academic Council's role was revised by the Hilton Young reforms (named after Hilton Young, who produced the Hilton Young Report 1926), embodied in the Statutes of 23 July 1928. These reforms allocated executive functions to the Council in the following areas previously exercised by the Senate:
The constitution and personnel of Faculties, Boards of Studies and the regulation and co-ordination of their work.
The admission or retention of public educational institutions as Schools.
The establishment or abolition of posts of Professors, Readers and Lecturers of the University and the duties, tenure, remuneration and conditions of service, retirement and superannuation which shall apply to persons appointed to such posts.
The recognition of teachers.
The establishment of degrees, diplomas and certificates of proficiency for Internal Students
The regulation of courses of study for Internal Students.
The recognition of courses of study for Associate Students.
The regulation, conduct and superintendence of examinations for Internal Students and the appointment of Examiners for such examinations.
The conditions under which the Higher School Examination of the University may be accepted in whole or in part, as equivalent of the Intermediate Examination for internal Students.
Such other matters as the Senate may prescribe.
The Academic Council lost its role in giving advice on the assignment of funds for building and equipment. This role was taken over by the Court in 1928. The 1928 reforms also enlarged the Academic Council to include: 2 ex officio members (Vice-Chancellor and Principal- these were already in the AC from 1900 as in para 1), 17 Senators representing the Faculties and 9 other Senators.
With the exception of an amendment of 1951 on account of the creation of G.C.E. examinations, the Statutes concerning the Academic Council remained unchanged until the 'Saunders reforms' (named after the chairman of the Committee on Academic Organisation Sir Owen Saunders) of 1966. Under these changes the Faculty Boards were abolished (replaced by Academic Advisory Boards), the membership of the Boards of Studies was extended to include all tenured Teachers in Schools and the programme of School-sponsored degrees was extended.
The Statutes of 17 December 1980 brought about further changes to the Academic Council. The composition has been enlarged to consist of the Vice-Chancellor, the Principal, the forty members of the Senate elected by the teachers, the ten members of the Senate to be co-opted from the Recognised Teachers, and other persons exceeding nine in number annually appointed to the Senate.
From the session 1984/85 the Council for External Students was retitled, 'the Committee for External Students' of the Academic Council, while the Council for Extra -Mural Studies became the 'Committee for Extra Mural Studies. The University Entrance Requirements Committee became a committee directly constituted by the Senate. These new committees reported to the Academic Council.
University College London was formally founded as the University of London on 11 February 1826. It was the first university to be established in London, and the first in England to allow secular admission. Despite efforts by founding members, it did not initially receive a Royal Charter, so was set up as a joint stock company selling shares at £100 each. From the initial group of shareholders 24 men were elected to form the university Council. Before academic sessions commenced in 1828, the Council established a competition for architects to propose a building design. The winning entry was awarded to William Wilkins and the foundation stone was laid during a ceremony on 30 April 1827. Work on the building was completed in stages, with the final additions being finished in 1977.
Initially 24 professors were appointed as the first teaching body of the university and inaugural British professorships in Modern Foreign Languages, English Language and Literature and Law were founded. Expensive building work and relatively small student numbers meant that the newly formed university struggled financially in its first few years of existence. However, development on site continued with the University College School founded in 1830 and the North London Hospital opened for the university’s medical students in 1834.
On 28 November 1836 the university received its Royal Charter and was renamed University College London (UCL). On the same day, a new University of London was established with the power to award degrees in medicine, arts and laws, to students from both UCL and King's College London. The following year the North London Hospital changed its name to University College Hospital (UCH), which it would remain until it became part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Trust in 1994.
In 1869 the first series of 'lectures for ladies' was given at UCL, under the auspices of the London Ladies' Educational Association. The first mixed classes for men and women were held in 1871 by John Elliott Cairnes, Professor of Political Economy. In the same year the Slade School of Fine Art was opened in the newly built north wing of the University. Women were admitted for the first time as full degree students to the Faculties of Science and of Arts and Laws in 1878 and the London Ladies’ Educational Association was disestablished. Initially women were not admitted on the same terms as men and between 1883-1912 had to be accepted by the Lady Superintendent of Women Students before being granted admission. Women were later admitted as full students to the Faculty of Medicine in 1917.
Under the University College London (Transfer) Act of 1905, in 1907 UCL was incorporated into the University of London and ceased to have a separate legal existence, also parting company with University College Hospital and University College School. It was not until 1977 that a new Royal Charter restored UCL's legal independence from the University of London. In the period that followed various mergers with local institutions marked a period of expansion for the university. In 1986 the Institute of Archaeology was incorporated into UCL and was followed by several medical mergers. The Institute of Neurology merged with UCL in 1997 and the following year the Royal Free Hospital Medical School joined the UCH Medical School, to create the current UCL Medical School. In 1999 the Eastman Dental Clinic also joined UCL. These mergers were later followed by the School of Slavonic and East European Studies in 1999, the School of Pharmacy in 2012, and most recently the Institute of Education in 2014.
The University of London was established in 1836 out of the principle of a more inclusive approach to education, free from religious tests and more affordable. With its power to grant degrees the University worked generally in close alliance with University College and King's College London as well as numerous other colleges around Britain.
In terms of degrees awarded, the University was the first in England to introduce a Bachelor of Science, tending away from the more general degree. Honours degrees were established in 1903. Of the more marginal degrees, Music was instituted in 1877, the D.Sc. in 1859 and the D.Litt in 1885. Certificates of Higher Proficiency for 'female candidates' were introduced in 1867. Regulations for medical degrees were established in 1839 but continued to change for many years to come.
In 1893, after many years of dispute, a commission sat with the aim of forming a single teaching university in London. The reconstructed University would consist of: University College; King's College; the Royal College of Science; nine medical colleges; the London School of Medicine for Women; the City and Guilds Institute; Bedford College; six theological colleges and four colleges of music. Added to these proposed institutions were the London School of Economics and Political Science; Royal Holloway College and the South Eastern Agricultural College. These proposals were passed in an Act in 1898.
A new committee was established to examine the structure of the University in 1924 that suggested the University adopt the now familiar federal model alongside other recommendations. The University of London Act, 1926, set up a Statutory Commission to pursue the committee's recommendations. In the first half of the century, thirteen more schools were admitted into the federal structure.
The newly modelled University needed more appropriate housing than its present scattered buildings. With the assistance of a sizeable gift from the Rockefeller Foundation a new site was purchased in Bloomsbury. The construction of this new building began in 1933 and it was occupied from 1936.
After the interruption of the war with its occupation of the Ministry of Information, the University began to increase significantly in size and complexity. Expansion also took place outside of Bloomsbury such as Imperial College in South Kensington in the mid 1950s.
The structure and organisation of the University was examined closely in the mid 1960s under the guidance of the Robbins Report. Many of the schools were given a new voice to air their concerns and show their deep-rooted support for the federal system. Numerous other reports would shape the evolution of the University over the next decades. That same evolution and growth exists today.
The University of London was established in 1836 as a degree awarding body until its refoundation in 1900 when it adopted the federal structure of the modern teaching University. The Senate was the sole governing and executive body of the University until the creation of the Court under the terms of the University of London Act of 1926. The Senate retained authority over academic affairs, while the Court managed financial matters. The Senate is composed of senior representatives of the Schools, Colleges and Institutes that make up the University and is normally located in the University buildings at Bloomsbury, which were opened in 1936.
Thames Polytechnic was designated in 1970 following the merger of Hammersmith Departments of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Surveying with Woolwich Polytechnic in 1969. Other mergers followed, Dartford College of Education in 1976, Avery Hill College of Education 1985 and Garnet College in 1987. In 1988 science teaching was transferred from Goldsmiths' (McMillan Building, Deptford) and from City Polytechnic to Thames Polytechnic to become the School of Earth Sciences. South West London College, Wandsworth was dissolved in 1991 and many staff and students transferred to Thames Polytechnic.
In 1992 Thames Polytechnic was redesignated as the University of Greenwich following the Higher and Further Education Act (1992), which created a single funding council, the Higher Education Funding Council, for England and abolished the remaining distinctions between polytechnics and universities. The transformation of the polytechnic into a university gave access to a wider range of research funding, both from government and industry. As a result the number of research projects at the university quickly rose, from 41 in 1992 to over 300 in 1995, reflecting the increase of external income from �2.5 million to over �6 million in 1995 and subsequent increase in postgraduate students. The new university had seven campuses and over 14,000 students, and various plans to reorganise the university's structure and geographical spread were considered. In 1993 the first stage of the new student village at Avery Hill was opened, and in 1994 Woolwich public swimming baths were acquired as a new Students' Union headquarters.
Discussions began in 1992 on a merger with the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) based at Chatham. A settlement was reached with the NRI in 1996 and 360 NRI staff joined the University, and a campus for the School of Earth Science and School of Engineering was established at Chatham.
After a successful partnership with West Kent College at Tonbridge during the 1990s, Greenwich established partnerships with a further seven colleges in south-east London, Kent and Essex as Associated Colleges. The university and college worked closely together to develop courses and students from the colleges were able to transfer to Greenwich at the end of their courses. Looser arrangements were also put in place with several 'linked' colleges, with the development of joint courses such as the MSc course in osteopathy developed with the European School of Osteopathy, Maidstone.
In 1995 a long leasehold was secured by the University of the Dreadnought Seamen's Hospital and Devonport Nurses Home at Greenwich and the University made a bid for the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. The Government accepted the University's proposals for the Royal Naval College as the preferred option and between 1998 and 2001 the University relocated five schools to make the Maritime Greenwich Campus the principal centre of the University.
In 2002 the University decided to consolidate on three campuses, Greenwich, Avery Hill and Medway and the Dartford and Woolwich campuses were closed, although Woolwich continues as an administrative centre for the University.
Formed in 1992 from the Polytechnic of East London, previously North East London Polytechnic.
In 1959 the South African National Party Government passed the extension of University Education Act which prohibited the admission of any person not classed as 'white' to universities, other than those established specifically for them, without a permit from the Minister of State. This legislation was strenuously opposed by the University of Cape Town and others. Following an inquiry into education, the Government published the Universities Amendment Bill in 1983, which altered the rules in that rather than a permit system, universities were to be prohibited from admitting black students beyond a quota to be stipulated annually by the Minister. Once again there was considerable opposition to the proposed new legislation, and the Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of Cape Town sent copies of material to contacts in the UK, for use in campaigning against the Bill. The papers in this collection comprise a set of this material
Between 16 and 24 June 1976 there was widespread rioting in the African townships of South Africa, the worst since the Sharpeville massacre in 1960. The disturbances began in Soweto, the immediate cause was the compulsory use of the Afrikaans language as the medium of instruction in Bantu schools. The rioting quickly spead to other townships. The official death toll was put at 176. The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution condemning the South African Government for 'massive violence against and killings of the African people including schoolchilden and students and others opposing racial discrimination'.
Professor Chapman of the Department of Physiology in the University of Bristol gave these books to the Contemporary Medical Archive Centre (now Archives and Manuscripts, Wellcome Library) in two accessions, in June 1989 and May 1993. They had been stored in a room in the Department of Physiology at Bristol. After the foundation of the Veterinary School in 1949 separate capital and revenue accounts were kept for some years for the Physiology Departments in the Medical School and Veterinary School.
The University Life Assurance Society was founded by a group of graduates of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in 1825 and received its Royal Charter in 1826. The Society was established to effect assurances on the lives of past and present members of these two universities only. However, by a Supplemental Charter of 1851, eligibility for membership of the Society was extended to past and present members of any university in the United Kingdom. Currently, membership is open to those educated at universities, public schools and similar educational institutions.
The Society was originally based at 24 Suffolk Street, Pall Mall East which it occupied under a Crown lease. It purchased the freehold of 25 Pall Mall in 1865 and occupied the premises from 1871 until 1941 when they were destroyed by an enemy land mine. During the Second World War the Society carried on most of its business from Russettings, Balcombe, Sussex. From 1941 until 1966 it was based at 19A Coleman Street. In 1966, the Society moved to its present head office at 4 Coleman Street. This is also the home of the Equitable Life Assurance Society which had acquired the University Life Assurance Society in 1919.
John Eric Erichsen was born in Copenhagen in 1818. He was educated at the Mansion House School, Hammersmith, and studied medicine at University College London, and in Paris. On his return to London he served as House Surgeon at University College Hospital. He was elected Secretary of the Physiological Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1844, and received the Fothergillian Gold Medal of the Royal Humane Society in 1845, for An Essay on Asphyxia. Erichsen was appointed Assistant Surgeon to University College Hospital in 1848 and became full Surgeon to the hospital at the age of 32. He was President of the Royal Medico-Chirurgical Society from 1879-1881, and also in 1881, the President of the Surgical Section at the meeting in London of the International Medical Congress. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1876. In 1877 he was appointed the first Inspector under the Vivisection Act, and in the same year he was appointed Surgeon Extraordinary to the Queen. He became President of the Council of University College in 1887, an office he held until his death. He was created a baronet in 1895, and died in 1896.
The Universities Council for the Education of Teachers (UCET) was created in 1966-1967 by the merger of the Conference of Heads of University Departments of Education (CHUDE) and the Conference of Institute Directors (CID). CHUDE had been founded in 1959 as a forum for the heads of university education departments in England and Wales whilst CID, founded in 1957, acted similarly for the directors of institutes of education. The Council 's objects are to provide a forum for discussion, make a contribution to policy and act as a clearing house for information on all matters relating to the education of teachers of relevance to its members.
Universal Rubber Paviours Limited, manufacturer of rubber paving, was registered in 1928, and reconstituted in 1935. It had factories in Audenshaw, near Manchester, and Stockport. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112-001-016) acted as secretaries for the company.
No further information.
The Club was founded in 1877 as the General and Central Ward Club to discuss public affairs, especially relating to imperial, civic and guild matters. The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.
Meetings were held at 176 Tower Bridge Road.
The United Synagogue (Headquarters) Staff Association was constituted in 1950. Its aims were to promote and further cordial relations between the United Synagogue and its staff at Head Office and at the Burial Society. It also aimed to promote the welfare of its members and develop sports, cultural and social activities. Membership was open to all lay members of staff.
The United Synagogue's Agency for Jewish Education (formerly the Board of Jewish Religious Education) provides a training and curriculum resource for Orthodox Jewish religious education in schools and synagogues. This includes teacher training programmes, publication of resource packs, training for school governors, liaising with the government, curriculum development through the Jewish Studies Curriculum Project and the National Jewish Curriculum, provision of Bnei Mitzvah study programmes, training synagogue children's programme leaders and running a Teaching and Learning Centre.
The aims of the London Board of Jewish Religious Education are to found, maintain, carry on and assist schools, institutes and organisations with the provision of Orthodox Jewish religious instruction for Jewish communities in the Greater London area.
The United Synagogue was established by an Act of Parliament in 1870, to join together the major ashkenazi synagogues in the London area. Its five original constituent synagogues were the Great, Hambro, New, Central and Bayswater Synagogues.
The original aims of the United Synagogue were three-fold. It aimed to provide a financial framework and an overall structure for the increasing number of orthodox synagogues in the London area, also to carry out a large amount of social and philanthropic work in the community at a level that the individual synagogues had found difficult to maintain; some of this social responsibility remained with individual synagogues, but the main activity was centralised under the United Synagogue's Head Office or under its various specially-appointed committees. The third function was to provide religious facilities for the orthodox Jewish community, by assisting in the formation of new congregations as the Jewish population of London moved into new residential areas.
Synagogues were able to select from four different types of membership: Constituent (full) membership is the most expensive, followed by District, then Affiliated and finally Associate membership for synagogues unable to bear the financial burden of higher membership categories. Synagogues were able to apply to upgrade their membership status if they wished.
The government of the United Synagogue is vested in the Council, which consists of Honorary Officers, a small number of life members and a large body of representatives elected by the constituent synagogues.
The United Synagogue maintains very close links with the Chief Rabbi's Office and the Beth Din (Court of the Chief Rabbi), providing financial support for the latter. It also works closely with the Jewish Welfare Board, formerly known as the Jewish Board of Guardians.
On January 21, 1981, the United States Supreme Court decided the case of United States of America v. Feodor Federenko (1907-1986). At issue was whether the defendant, Feodor Fedorenko, a seventy-four-year-old Ukrainian-American who during World War Two had served as an armed guard at the infamous Treblinka extermination camp, should have his American citizenship revoked on the basis of this newly discovered fact about his past. The original case, having found in Fedorenko's favour, was successfuly appealed. Fedorenko became the first Nazi war criminal to be deported to the Soviet Union. In a court in Southern Ukraine, June 1986, he was found guilty of treason; voluntarily going over to the side of the Fascist aggressors; taking part in punitive actions against the peaceful population; and mass executions of citizens of many countries. He was sentenced to death in Kiev in 1986.
This collection contains mostly copy documents from the US legation in Stockholm to the US Department of State and concerns the possibility of saving Hungarian Jews during the Nazi era. The depositor was co-chairman of Brookline, the Holocaust Memorial Committee, based in Massachusetts, USA, and former inmate of Drancy concentration camp.
The German steamship, the St Louis, left Hamburg with 930 Jewish refugees on board on 13 May 1939. Its passengers had valid immigration visas to Cuba stamped in their passports. When the ship arrived at Havana, the refugees were refused entry. The ship was turned back to Europe, where its passengers, after much negotiation were permitted to land in English and Western European ports. Those caught up by the Nazi invasion ultimately met their deaths a year later in the Holocaust.
United Serdang (Sumatra) Rubber Plantations Limited was registered in 1907 to acquire Begerpang and Namoe Rambei estates in Serdang, Sumatra. In 1927 it took over Amalgamated Rubber and General Estates Limited and Amalgamated (Rubber) Development Co Limited.
Its estates and assets in Sumatra were vested in N.V. Landbouw Maatschappij Senggoro, N.V. Nagodang Rubber Maatschappij and N.V. Vereenigde Plantage Maatschappij. In 1960 it was acquired by London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110); in April 1982 it became a private company.
The United Restitution Office was founded in 1948 by an initiative of the Council of Jews from Germany. This organisation persuaded the main representative organisations of Jews in Britain, USA and France to set up offices in their respective countries to deal with claims for restitution from the German government especially from poorer claimants who were without the means to do it alone.