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Sans titre

Born 1926; educated at Rugby School; service in World War Two, 1939-1945; served in ranks, 1943-1944; commissioned into the Grenadier Guards, 1944; service with 1 Bn, 2 Bn and 4 Bn, Grenadier Guards in the UK, Germany, Egypt, British Cameroons and British Guiana, 1944-1962; War Substantive Lt, 1945; Lt, 1947; temporary Capt, 1949-1953; Capt, 1953; temporary Maj, 1954; member of Sir William Penney's Scientific Party to UK Atomic Trials, South Australia, 1956; published playwright, 1958-1984; Bde Maj, 2 Federation Infantry Bde, Malaya, 1959-1961; Maj, 1960; General Staff Officer 2, Army Department, Ministry of Defence, 1965-1967; service in Aden, 1967; Lt Col, 1967; commanded Muscat Regt, Sultan of Muscat's Armed Forces, Muscat and Oman, 1967-1970; service in conflict against People's Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf (PFLOAG) rebel forces, Dhofar, 1967-1970; Assistant Quartermaster General, London District, 1970-1971; Col, 1971; Commander, British Army Staff, Singapore, and Governor, Singapore International School, 1971-1973; Senior Army Representative, UK National Cell, ANZUK (Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom) Joint Force, Far East Land Forces, 1972; Deputy Director, Defence Operational Plans (Army), 1973-1974; Brig, 1975; Head of Ministry of Defence Logistics Survey Team to Saudi Arabia, 1976; retired, 1977; Chairman, Joint Staff, Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces, Oman, 1977-1981; retired from Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces, 1981; Chairman, Individual School Direction Limited, 1981-1991; Chairman of the Hurlingham Polo Association, Fulham, London, 1982-1991; died 1991.

Sans titre

Born 1911; educated at King's School, Rochester, Kent and St John's College, Cambridge; organist and director of music, King's School, Canterbury, Kent, 1936-1939; Lt, Supplementary Reserve, Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, 1934; Lt, Regular Army Reserve of Officers, 1938; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; service with Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, France and Belgium, 1939-1940; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1941; General Staff Officer 2, Headquarters 9 Corps and General Staff Officer 1, 1 Army, North Africa, 1942-1943; Maj, 1943; General Staff Officer 1, Headquarters Persia and Iraq, 1943-1944; General Staff Officer 1, War Office, 1944-1946; Registrar and Secretary, Queen Mary College, University of London, from 1946; member of Essex Education Committee, 1957-1965; Chairman, Brentwood Group Hospital Management Committee, from 1958; Justice of the Peace for Essex, 1960, and North East London, 1965; Hon Col, London University Officer Training Corps, Territorial Army Volunteer Reserve, 1968; member of Greater London Territorial Army Volunteer Reserve Association from 1968; Deputy Chairman, Universities Central Council on Admissions, 1972; died 1994.

Sans titre

Born 1861; educated at Cranleigh School, Kent and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the Royal Marine Light Infantry, 1881; Sudan Expedition, 1884-1886; transferred to Indian Army, 1886; Hunza Naga Expedition, India, 1891-1892; Capt, 1892; garrison commander during siege of Chitral Fort, North West Frontier, India, 1895; Maj, 1895; awarded CB, 1895; transferred to Egyptian Army, 1896; Lt Col, 1896; Dongola Expedition, Sudan, 1896; Commanding Officer, 12 Sudanese Bn, Egypt, 1896-1898; Nile Expedition, Sudan, 1898; Battles of Atbara and Khartoum, Sudan, 1898; awarded DSO, 1898; Second Boer War, South Africa, 1899-1902; Assistant Adjutant General on staff of Military Governor, Orange Free State, South Africa, 1900; transferred to Royal Fusiliers, 1900; Col, 1904; Military Attaché, Paris, France, 1905; transferred to King's Shropshire Light Infantry, 1906; Assistant Adjutant General, 9 Div, India, 1907-1908; command of Orange River Colony District, South Africa, 1908-1911; Brig Gen, 1909; Maj Gen, 1911; General Officer Commanding East Anglian Div, Territorial Force, 1911-1913; command of Jhanzi Bde, India, 1913; Rawal Pindi Bde, India, 1913-1915; served World War One, 1914-1918; General Officer Commanding 6 Indian Div, Mesopotamia, 1915-1916; commanded 6 Indian Div at Battles of Kurna, Kut el Amara, Ctesiphon and the defence and siege of Kut el Amara, 1915-1916; POW, 1916-1918; created KCB, 1917; resigned, 1920; Independent Conservative MP for the Wrekin, Shropshire, 1920-1922; died 1924. Publications: The military life of Field Marshal George, first Marquess Townshend, 1724-1807 (John Murray, London, 1901); My Campaign in Mesopotamia (Thornton Butterworth, London, 1920).

Sans titre

James Lindsay Travers: born in 1883; educated at King's College, London, 1902-1906; apprentice at Legros and Knowles Engineering Works, Willesden, 1906-1909; draughtsman, Royal Engineers Balloon Factory, Farnborough, 1909, working chiefly on wind balances for wind tunnel; Assistant to Professor A K Huntington in aviation experiments, Eastchurch, 1909; undertook private aviation experiments, 1910; appointed as designer and assistant to Short Brothers, Eastchurch, 1911, and worked on aeroplanes, floating devices and first twin-engined aeroplanes; undertook instruction, flew passengers and raced for Graham-White Company, Hendon, 1911-1912; joined Naval Wing of Royal Flying Corps, 1912; flew and tested seaplanes and undertook experiments with flying boats and night flying, Calshot Air Station, 1913-1914; Flight Cdr, Royal Naval Air Service, 1914; Commanding Officer, Calshot Air Station, 1915; appointed to Felixstowe to investigate problems connected with handling of seaplanes on ships, 1916; appointed to Air Department, Admiralty, to test new types of flying boats, 1917; commanded test flight, Isle of Grain Test Depot, 1917; Wg Cdr, 1917; Lt Col, RAF, 1918; in charge of technical information, Civil Aviation Department, Air Ministry, 1920-1921; Technical Adviser to Chilean Naval Air Service, 1921-1923; died in air crash, 1924. Herbert Gardner Travers: born in 1891; worked for Joseph Travers and Sons Limited, trading merchants, London, 1910-1914; joined Machine Gun Section, 1 Bn, Honourable Artillery Company and posted to France, 1914; joined Royal Naval Air Service, 1915; undertook reconnaissance flights in France, 1916-1917; flew on North Sea anti-submarine patrols, 1917; served in France with 211 Sqn, RAF, 1918; test pilot and seaplane pilot, Blackburn Aeroplane and Manufacturing Company, Athens, Greece, 1926-1928; pilot instructor, Bristol and Wessex Club, Cinque Ports Flying Club, and London Aeroplane Club, 1928-1933; pilot, National Air Display, 1934; pilot, Spartan Air Lines, Imperial Airways and British Airways, 1935-1938; Flight Lt, Administration and Special Duties Branch, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, 1939-1945; died in 1958. Charles Tindal Travers: born in 1898; 2nd Lt, 1 Worcestershire Regt, 1916; served with 10 and 84 Sqns Royal Flying Corps, BEF, France, 1917-1918; studied at King's College, London, 1920-1923; served with Royal Canadian Air Force, 1928-1932; Air Engineer and Pilot , Manitoba Forestry Service, Canada, 1932-1934; died in 1969.

Born in 1917; educated at Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Royal Naval Engineering College, Keyham and Royal Naval College, Greenwich; Naval Cadet, Dartmouth, 1931; served in HMS FROBISHER, HMS BARHAM; transferred to engineering branch, 1935; served in HMS NELSON, HMS DUKE OF YORK and HMS DIDO, [1939-1945]; Engineer Officer, HMS CADIZ; Cdr, 1950; Officer-in-Charge, Gas Turbine Section, Department of the Engineer-in-Chief of the Fleet, Admiralty, 1951-1954; Engineer Officer, HMS ALBION, [1954-1956]; Director of Engineering, Royal Naval Engineering College, Plymouth, 1956-[1959]; Engineer Capt, 1959; Assistant Director of Marine Engineering, Ship Department, Admiralty, 1959-[1963]; Commanding Officer, HMS SULTAN, 1963-1964; Captain of Naval Base, Portland, 1966-1968; R Adm, 1968; Naval ADC to Queen Elizabeth II, 1968; Assistant Controller (Polaris), Ministry of Defence, 1968-1971; V Adm, 1971; Chief of Fleet Support and Member of Board of Admiralty, 1971-1974; died 2001.

Sans titre

Born in 1915; educated at Malvern College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, 1935; served in India, 1936-1939, France and Belgium, 1939-1940; General Staff Officer Grade 3, HQ 4 Div, 1941-1942; Bde Maj, 1942-1943; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Long Range Penetration (LRP) force (Chindits), HQ Special Force, Burma, 1943-1945; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, General HQ, India, 1946; General Staff Officer Grade 2 War Office, 1947-1948; Maj, 1948; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Staff College, Camberley, 1949-1952; General Staff Officer Grade 1, HQ Northern Army Group, 1955-1957; Commanding Officer, 1 Bn, Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, 1957-1959; Commander, 130 Infantry Bde (Territorial Army), 1961-1963; Director of Administrative Planning (Army), 1963-1964; Brig Gen, General Staff (Operations), Ministry of Defence, 1965-1966; Maj Gen, 1966; General Officer Commanding Singapore District, 1966-1970; retired, 1970.

Born 1914; educated at Aysgarth School, Winchester College and Royal Military Academy Sandhurst; commissioned into Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, Aug 1934; served in France, 1939-1940; participated in Operation DYNAMO, the evacuation of the BEF (British Expeditionary Force) from Dunkirk, May-June 1940; attended Staff College, Camberley, 1941; served as Brigade Maj with 126 Infantry Bde and 11 Armoured (Tank) Bde, UK, 1941-1943; Lt Col, 1943; 10 Armoured Div, Middle East, 1943-1944; 12 Royal Tank Regt, Italy, 1944-1945; 1 Div, Palestine, 1945-1946; School of Land/Air Operations, Old Sarum, 1947; War Office, 1948; Staff College, Camberley, 1949-1950; served with 11 Armoured Div in Germany, 1950-1953; Military Assistant to Chief of the Imperial General Staff, 1953-1956; Officer commanding 4/7 Royal Dragoon Guards, 1956-1957; retired 1957; worked for WH Smith, 1957-1977; Managing Director of WH Smith, 1968; died 2002.

Maj Peter V Verney

Born in 1900; educated at Eton and Royal Military College, Camberley; commissioned into Grenadier Guards, 1919; served in Turkey, 1922-1923; ADC to the Governor of South Australia, 1928-1929; Capt, 1929; General Staff Officer, Grade 3, 1935-1938; Maj, 1937; Staff College, Camberley, 1938-1939; transferred to Irish Guards, 1939; served in World War Two, France and Belgium, 1939-1940; Instructor at Staff College, Camberley, 1940; officer commanding 2 Battalion Irish Guards, 1940-1942; commander of 32 Guards Brigade, UK, and Brig, 1942; 6 Guards Tank Brigade, UK and Normandy, France, 1942-1944; Maj Gen and 7 Armoured Division, North West Europe, 1944; 1 Guards Brigade, Italy and Austria, 1944-1945; Military Commander, Vienna, Austria, 1945-1946; commander of 56 (London) Armoured Division (Territorial Army), 1946-1948; retired 1948; published The Desert Rats (Hutchinson, London, 1954); Guards Armoured Division, a short history (Hutchinson, London, 1955); The Devil's Wind, the story of the Naval Brigade at Lucknow (Hutchinson, London, 1956); died in 1957.

Sans titre

Born 1894; educated at Oundle School and Merton College, Oxford; served in World War One, 1914-1918; served on Western Front with 1/7 (Robin Hood) Bn, The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regt), Territorial Force, 1915-1918; temporary Capt, 1915; awarded VC for action at Hohenzollern Redoubt, Battle of Loos, France, 14 Oct 1915 (award gazetted, 18 Nov 1915); Lt, 1916; Maj, 1918; Second in Command, 1 Bn, The Lincolnshire Regt, 1918; admitted as a Solicitor, 1923; Partner, Slaughter and May, 1926-1945; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; re-commissioned as a Col; seconded as Deputy Director General, Ministry of Economic Warfare, in charge of economic intelligence; Member, Joint Intelligence Committee of Chiefs of Staff, 1941-1945; Member, London passenger Transport Board, 1941-1946; Member, Council of Law Society, 1944-1948; Knighted, 1946; Legal Adviser to National Coal Board, 1946-1948; Member of National Coal Board in charge of manpower, training, education, health and welfare, 1948-1955; Chairman, Research Committee of Mental Health Research Fund, 1951-1967; Member, Medical Research Council, 1952-1960; Director, Parkinson Cowan Limited, 1955-1965; died 1982. Publications: The undirected society. Essays on the human implications of industrialisation in Canada (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, 1959); The art of judgement. A study of policy making (Chapman and Hall, London, 1965); Towards a sociology of management (Chapman and Hall, London, 1967); Value systems and social process (Tavistock Publications, London, 1968); Freedom in a rocking boat: changing values in an unstable society (Allen Lane, London, 1970); Making institutions work (Associated Business Programmes, London, 1973); Responsibility: its sources and limits [1980]; Human systems are different (Harper and Row, London, 1983); The Vickers papers, edited by Open Systems Group (Harper and Row, London, 1984); Policymaking, communication, and social learning: essays of Sir Geoffrey Vickers, edited by Guy B Adams, John Forester and Bayard L Catron (Transaction Books, New Brunswick, USA, 1987).

Sans titre

Born in 1901; educated at Repton School and RAF Cadet College, Cranwell; commissioned, 1921; various posts in Coastal Command, 1921-1939; served in First Lord's Operations Room, Admiralty, 1939-1942; commanded RAF Station, St Eval, Cornwall, 1942, commanded Coastal Command Station, Nassau, Bahamas, 1942-1944; served at Supreme HQ, Allied Expeditionary Force, 1944-1946; Director of Air Branch, Control Commission, Berlin, 1947-1949; devised and organised the Air Lift to Berlin in 1948; conducted Anglo-Russian enquiry into collision between Yak fighter and GB civilian aircraft flying from Hamburg to Berlin during the Berlin Airlift, 1948; Commandant, RAF Bircham Newton; Assistant Chief of Staff, Allied Air Forces, Central Europe, 1951-1953; retired 1953; died in 1975.

Born 1927; educated at Worksop College, Nottinghamshire; joined Army, 1945; commissioned into Worcestershire Regt in India, 1946; served in India and Middle East, 1946-1948; regular commission into Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regt, 1948; served with British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and in Far East, Nigeria and Congo, 1950-1963; transferred to Parachute Regt, 1963; commanded 3 Bn, Parachute Regt, 1967-1969; served in Hong Kong, 1969-1970; Commander, 16 Parachute Bde, 1970-1973; National Defence College, Canada, 1973-1974; Deputy Adjutant General, BAOR, 1964-1975; Director of Army Air Corps, 1976-1979; General Officer Commanding Western District, 1979-1982; Deputy Colonel, Royal Anglian Regt, 1982-1987; Secretary, Eastern Wessex, Territorial Auxiliary and Volunteer Reserve Association, 1982-1989; died, 2002.

Sans titre

Born in 1913; educated at Edinburgh Academy, Trinity College, Glenalmond, Edinburgh University and the University of Pennsylvania, USA; served with 7/9 Bn, The Royal Scots (Lothian Regt), Territorial Army, and the Royal Army Medical Corps, UK, Sicily, Italy and North West Europe, World War Two, 1939-1945; Lt Col, 1942; Col, 1944; Assistant Director of Medical Services, 1 Airborne Div, Battle of Arnhem, Operation MARKET GARDEN, the Netherlands, 1944; awarded DSO, 1945; awarded Territorial Decoration, 1946; local Brig, Territorial Army, 1960; Chairman, Edinburgh, Lothians and Peebles Territorial and Auxiliary Forces Association, 1962; publication of Travel by dark: after Arnhem (Harvill, London, 1963); Deputy Lieutenant, Edinburgh, 1963; President, Royal Odonto-Chirurgical Society of Scotland, 1967; awarded CBE, 1968; Hon Col, 144 Parachute Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps (Volunteers), 1969; Member of Queen's Body Guard for Scotland (Royal Company of Archers); Chairman, Royal British Legion, Scotland, 1981-1984; died in 1985.

Weiss , Steve , b 1925

Born, 1925; 36 Div, US Army, Florida, France and Italy, 1943-1945; one time War Studies student, King's College London.

ACM Sir Neil Wheeler was born 1917; educated St Helens College, Hants; Royal Air Force College, Cranwell, 1935; Bomber Command, 1937-1940; Fighter and Coastal Commands, 1940-1945; Royal Air Force and US Army Staff Colleges, 1934-1944; Cabinet Office, 1944-1945; Directing Staff, Royal Air Force Staff College, 1945-1946; Far East Air Force, 1947-1949; Directing Staff, Joint Services Staff College, 1949-1951; Bomber Command, 1951-1953; Air Ministry, 1953-1957; Assistant Commandant, Royal Air Force College, 1957-1959; Officer Commanding, RAF Laarbruch, 1959-1960; Imperial Defence College, 1961; Ministry of Defence, 1961-1963; Senior Air Staff Officer, Headquarters, RAF Germany, 1963-1966; Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Operational Requirements), Ministry of Defence, 1966-1967; Deputy Chief of Defence Staff, 1967-1968; Commander, Far East Air Force, 1969-1970; Air Member for Supply and Organisation, Ministry of Defence, 1970-1973; Controller, Aircraft, Ministry of Defence Procurement Executive; 1973-1975; retired 1975.

Sans titre

Born in 1913; 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1933; Lt, 1936; served in Palestine, [1936-1939]; Capt, 1941; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, General HQ, Middle East Land Forces, 1941-1942; General Staff Officer Grade 2 under Engineer-in-Chief, Middle East Land Forces, 1943; Staff Officer, Royal Engineers, Grade 2, 30 Corps, 1944, 1946; Bde Maj, 1944-1945; HQ, 5 Div, 1946-1948; Maj, 1946; General Staff Officer Grade 2 under Inspector of Establishments, War Office, 1948-1951; Staff Officer, Royal Engineers, Grade 1, HQ British Troops in Egypt, 1951-1953; Lt Col, 1954; commanded 24 Engineer Group (Territorial Army), 1958; died in 1992.

Born, 1892; educated, Eton College, [1906-1907]; Coldstream Guards, 1917; 99 Light Anti-Aircraft Regt during World War Two, 1939-1945; Head of British Military Government, Graz, Steiermark, Austria, 1945; died, 1983.

Willert , Paul Odo , 1909-1998

Born 1909, son of Sir Arthur Willert, Times Correspondent, Washington, 1910-1920; worked in publishing, Germany and New York, 1936-1939, work in propaganda, Paris and London, 1939-1940, service with RAF, 1941-1944, and as Air Attaché, Paris, 1944-1945.

Sans titre

Born 1874; educated HMS BRITANNIA and King's College Cambridge; member of Institution of Civil Engineers; worked as designer of motor cars; joined Royal Naval Air Service [1914]; served as Lt in Armoured Car Div, RN, 1914; worked for Landships Committee on design of armoured fighting vehicles; Chief of Design, Mechanical Warfare Department, War Office, 1916-1918; with Sir William Tritton worked with Lt Col Sir Albert Gerald Stern on the design of first tank, 1915-1916; temporary Maj Tank Corps, 1916; awarded CMG, 1918; member of Special Vehicle Development Committee, Ministry of Supply [1939-1942]; died 1957.

Sans titre

Born in 1909; Lt, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1934; Capt, 1935; served in Palestine, [1936-1939]; commanded 3 Field Ambulance in Italy, 1943-1944; Maj, 1944; Lt Col, 1949; Col 1958.

The Parliamentary Recruiting Committee (PRC), was set up following the outbreak of war in August 1914. This was a cross-party organisation chaired by the Prime Minister, Herbert Asquith. It utilised the party infrastructure in parliamentary constituencies to support recruitment - party activists were called upon to distribute leaflets, and organise rallies, processions and public meetings. The PRC commissioned some 200 posters, mostly published before the introduction of conscription, Jan 1916. In Jul 1915, the PRC became the Parliamentary War Savings Committee.

Sans titre

Born in 1912; educated at Marlborough College, Royal Military College, Sandhurst and Staff College, Camberley; 2nd Lt, Wiltshire Regt (Duke of Edinburgh's Regt), 1932; Lt, 1935; personal assistant to Resident in Mysore, 1936-1938; seconded to Malay Regt, 1939-1945; Capt, 1940; wounded and held by Japanese as POW at Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, 1942, and Changi camp, 1942-1945; Maj, 1946; Staff College, Camberley, 1947; Military Secretary's Department, War Office, 1948-1950; Assistant Quartermaster General, HQ Western Command, 1952; Lt Col, 1953; commanded 4 Bn, Wiltshire Regt (Territorial Army), 1953-1956; Col, HQ Federation Army, Kuala Lumpur, 1956-1957; Military Adviser to Malayan High Commissioner in UK, London, 1957-1958; commanded 107 Ulster Independent Infantry Bde Group (Territorial Army), 1958-1961; retired in 1961; died in 1984.

Sans titre

Born in 1909; Administrative Officer, Mental Hospitals Department, London County Council, 1928-1932; Administrative Officer, Department of the Clerk of the Council, 1932-1942; studied history at King's College London, 1931-1934; Ambulance Control Officer, London Ambulance Services, 1939-1942; served with 51 Training Regt, Royal Armoured Corps, UK, 1942 and with Royal Army Ordnance Corps in UK, 1942-1943, India, 1942-1945, and Burma, 1945-1946; Commander, No 52 Ordnance Field Depot, Myngaladon, Burma, 1945; Commander, No 62 Ordnance Field Depot, Rangoon, 1945-1946; served on Public Control Committee, London County Council, 1946, and Parks Committee, 1947-1954; postgraduate, Theology Faculty, King's College London, 1949-1952; Council Clerk, London County Council, 1954-1970; retired in 1970.

Unknown

The Women's Employment Publishing Company Ltd was established by the Central Employment Bureau for Women around 1913/14 in order to deal with its publications. The Central Bureau had been issuing the twice-monthly journal 'Women's Employment' since 1899 and other occasional publications in connection with their work and it was this that the Women's Employment Publishing Company continued from the parent organisation's offices in Russell Square. In addition to the main periodical, the press was also responsible for the publication of numerous editions of 'Careers [later, 'and Vocational Training']: A Guide to the Professions and Occupations of Educated Women and Girls', 'The Finger Post', 'Hints on how to find work' and 'Open Doors for Women Workers'. The directors just before the outbreak of the Second World War were H John Faulk (Chairman), Miss E R Unmack (Managing Director) and Miss A E Hignell (secretary). Despite problems cause by this disruption and a decline in the number of readers in this period, the company survived and continued publishing 'Women's Employment' until 1974.

Anna Helene Askanasy (fl 1930-1970) was a Viennese woman, and Gustav Mahler's niece, who appears to have been involved in both the women's movement and the movement for peace which sprang up in Austria in the wake of the First World War. She spoke at the conference on statelessness which was organised by Mary Sheepshanks at the request of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and which was held in Sep 1930. She also entered into correspondence with both Robert Briffault and Mary Beard at some point. At another stage she began writing a book in German whose English translation was 'The Catastrophe of Patriarchy' and worked with Birgitta M Schulte on the publication of the 'Lexikon der Frau' in Switzerland in 1953-1954. She appears to have been active until around 1970.

Catherine Mary Charlotte Stott (1907-2002), known as Mary, was born in Leicester. She was the only daughter of two journalists, Robert and Amalie Waddington (née Bates), and had two older brothers. Her uncle, Henry Bates, was a local journalist. For nearly 50 years she worked in newspapers. Mary became interested in politics after accompaning her mother to meetings of local women Liberals during the First World War. Her first memory was of being driven around with a green ribbon in her hat, campaigning in the 1911 general election. After attending Wyggeston Leicester grammar school Mary worked as a temporary copyholder at the Leicester Mail, and then at the age of 19 she was appointed the women's editor. She was unable to join either the Typographical Association or the Correctors of the Press Association because neither accepted women members. In 1931 she moved to the Co-operative Press in Manchester, where she edited the two pages of the weekly Co-op News devoted mainly to reports of the women's co-operative guild, and children's publications. In 1945 she accepted John Beavan's offer of a sub-editing job on the Manchester Evening News. In 1950 she was sacked in order to protect the male succession to the post of chief sub-editor. She spent the next seven years mainly in 'domesticity'. In 1937, Mary married Ken Stott, a journalist at the News Chronicle, always known to her simply as 'K'. They lived in Heaton Moor, Cheshire until he died in 1967, at the age of 56. They had one daughter, a journalist named Catherine. Stott later moved to a flat in Blackheath, south London. In 1957 the then Guardian's editor, Alastair Hetherington, asked Mary to edit the paper's women's page, and she became the women's page editor of the 'Guardian' until 1972. Mary had a keen interest in equal rights for women, but also other forms of discrimination: poverty, unemployment or disability. She was particularly keen on women's financial independence. The Mainly For Women title became, in 1969, Woman's Guardian, which ran until 1973. After a two-year change of tack as Guardian Miscellany, Guardian Women re-emerged, with Stott still a contributor. Stott encouraged women - both professional and non-professional writers - to write articles that were published in her pages, often receiving over 50 unsolicited manuscripts per week. She was a founder member in 1970 of the pressure group Women in Media and last president of the Women's Press Club in 1970. She also established the National Association for Widows, of which she was president from 1993 to 1995. She chaired the Fawcett Society from 1980-1982. Her autobiography, 'Forgetting's No Excuse', was published in 1973 and it focused on her experience of widowhood. Her second volume of memoirs, 'Before I Go' (1985), contained reflections on old age. Stott's other books include: 'Organisation Woman: The Story of the National Union of Townswomen's Guilds' (1978), 'Ageing for Beginners' (1981), 'Women Talking: An Anthology From the Guardian Women's Pages 1922-1953 and 1957-1971' (1987). She was also interested in classical music and in painting. She received several honours: she won the Granada Award for the liveliest daily interest page in journalism in 1971; an honorary fellowship from Manchester Polytechnic in 1972; awarded the OBE for services to journalism in 1975; an honorary MA from the Open University in 1991; and an honorary doctorate from De Montfort University, Leicester, in 1996.

Various

Until the end of the nineteenth century, most middle-class girls were educated at home by the family, unlike their brothers who routinely attended university, and the schools which did cater for them were generally of a very poor academic standard, with emphasis on 'accomplishments' such as embroidery and music. However, some, such as Louisa Martindale, tried to start their own schools for girls with more academically demanding curricula. Despite the failure of Martindale's exercise, Frances Mary Buss followed in her footsteps when, at the age of twenty-three, she founded the North London Collegiate School for Ladies with similar aims. In 1858 Dorothea Beale became Principal of the already extant Cheltenham Ladies College and soon transformed it into one of the most academically successful schools in the country while at the same time working to improve teaching standards through her work with the Head Mistresses' Association and The Teachers' Guild. In 1865 Beale began collaborating with Emily Davis, Barbara Bodichon, Helen Taylor, Frances Buss, and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, in forming a debating society which became known as the Kensington Society. There, these women, who would be crucial in the development of these schools, met for the first time to discuss this and other topics such as women's franchise. Nor did they confine their attentions to the education of girls but also researched the question of the subsequent entrance of women into higher education. The Queen's College in London had already opened in 1847 to provide a superior level of education to governesses and had proved a success without being an accredited institution of higher education itself. In this context and influenced by the London group, a large number of Ladies' Educational Associations sprang up throughout the 1860s and 1870s. Those in Leeds, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield, etc, were brought together in 1867 by Anne Clough as the North of England Council for Promoting the Higher Education of Women and its members included Josephine and George Butler as well as Elizabeth Wolstenholme-Elmy. This council began setting up a series of lectures and a university-based examination for women who wished to become teachers and which would later develop into a University Extension Scheme. However, universities generally still refused to open their degree examinations to women. In 1871, Henry Sidgwick established the residence Newnham College for women who were attending lectures at Cambridge where Clough would become principal in 1879 when it was recognised as an academic college. Girton was established by Davis as the College for Women at Hitchin in 1869 and moved to Cambridge as the first residential higher education college for women four years later. After the campaign to establish these institutions, it remained necessary to continue the campaign to extend their levels of excellence to the general state of female education and to open up other avenues of achievement to them.

Mothers' Union

The foundation of the Mothers' Union is dated to the publication of the first membership card in 1876. The society was established by Mary Sumner, wife of the Rector of Old Alresford in the Diocese of Winchester, to defend the institution of marriage and promote Christian family life. This concern broadened over time to consider all factors affecting the morality of society, within the home and without.

Initially a network of meetings in parishes in the Diocese of Winchester, by the mid 1890s, the MU had established a centralised governing body in London, and had a number of branches overseas; from the early twentieth century, departments were established to deal with specialised tasks in the society's work. Although the society was primarily concerned with the role of the mother and the upbringing of children, married women without children and unmarried women were allowed to join as Associate Members from the outset. Throughout the twentieth century the MU addressed a variety of contemporary social issues (such as runaway children, drug dependence, venereal disease, housing conditions and birth control), but reserved particular efforts for campaigning against divorce and marriage breakdown.

Faced with a need to address a liberalisation in both society and the Church in the decades following the Second World War, the Mothers' Union revised its constitution in 1974 giving greater autonomy to the MU overseas and no longer excluding divorcées. Further reassessment took place in the early 1990s when the need to comply with charity regulations prompted a restructuring of the organisation.

Thomas Hodgkin was born in London in 1798, the son of John Hodgkin (1766-1845), a private tutor. The family were strong Quakers and originated in Warwickshire. He trained in medicine at Edinburgh University, taking his MD in 1823. After travels in Europe he became Curator of the Medical Museum and Inspector of the Dead at Guy's Hospital, London. His pathological work led him to the first description of what is now known as Hodgkin's Disease in his honour. He left Guy's Hospital following his failure, in 1837, to be appointed Assistant Physician and after a short period at St Thomas's Hospital devoted himself to private practice and to his other interests. He had a keen interest in the world beyond Europe and in particular in the societies there that were threatened with cultural extinction by the spread of European commercial, political or cultural dominion; his works in this area included playing a moving role in the foundation and functioning of the Aborigines Protection Society. In 1850 he married Sarah Frances Scaife, a widow, from Nottingham. The couple had no children of their own but there were two sons from her first marriage. He died in 1866 at Jaffa while on a journey with his friend Sir Moses Montefiore (1784-1885) to negotiate for better treatment for Jewish residents in Palestine.

Dr Ainsworth, a mycologist in the Department of Botany in the University of Exeter, was Secretary of the Medical Mycology committee of the Medical Research Council and a member of the Industrial Epidermophytosis Committee. The papers of the MRC Medical Mycology Committee including in this collection cover the period 1953-64 (the Committee was disbanded in 1969).

Davies , John Wynford , b 1927 , doctor

Dr Davies qualified in medicine at the London Hospital Medical School in 1950. In 1950 he was the Chief of the Division of Epidemiology in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Imperial Pharmacy

Imperial Pharmacy was based in South Croydon, Surrey.

Born 1866; educated privately and King's College London; St Thomas's Hospital; University of Leipzig; Demonstrator in Biology and Physiology, King's College London and evening lecturer in Comparative Anatomy, 1887; Demonstrator in Physiology, University of Sydney, 1891; Professor of Physiology, University of Melbourne, 1901; 1903-1930 Director, Lister Insititute of Preventive Medicine, 1903-1930; Professor of Experimental Pathology, University of London; Chief of Division of Animal Nutrition of Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1931-1933; Professor of Bio-chemistry and General Physiology, Adelaide University, 1931-1933; Committees and other appointments: served Gallipoli, Egypt, Palestine Expeditionary Force and France, 1915-1919; Lieutenant-Colonel, Australian Army Medical Corps and Consultant Pathologist, Australian Imperial Forces; Chairman of War Office Committee on anti-typhoid innoculation, 1904-1907; Member of Advisory Committee for Investigation of Plague in India, appointed jointly by the India Office, Royal Society and the Lister Institute, 1905-1913; Honours and awards: Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1901; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1901; Companion of St Michael and St George, 1919; knighted, 1927; Doctor of Science (honorary) Sheffield and Dublin, Doctor of Laws (honorary) Edinburgh, Doctor of Civil Law (honorary) Durham, Master ofArts (honorary) Cambridge, Fellow of King's College London; Other information: married Edythe Cross, one daughter.

Professor Chapman of the Department of Physiology in the University of Bristol gave these books to the Contemporary Medical Archive Centre (now Archives and Manuscripts, Wellcome Library) in two accessions, in June 1989 and May 1993. They had been stored in a room in the Department of Physiology at Bristol. After the foundation of the Veterinary School in 1949 separate capital and revenue accounts were kept for some years for the Physiology Departments in the Medical School and Veterinary School.

Child Health and the Environment'

This item was discovered in the office formerly occupied by the Librarian of the Wellcome Institute and handed over to the Contemporary Medical Archives Centre (now Archives and Manuscripts, Wellcome Library) in March 1984. Its provenance is otherwise obscure.

Unknown

The register appears to have been compiled by an unknown physician at an unnamed hospital, presumably in London as the notebook was purchased from a stationer in Long Acre. The date on the spine is 190[illegible], however a list right at the end of the book is of 'Deaths 1901'.

Sir Ernest Marshall Cowell, KBE, CB, DSO, MD, FRCS (1886-1971) took his MD at London University in 1909 and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1911. From 1914 to 1918 he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps. In 1922 he became surgeon at Croydon General Infirmary and continued to practise in Croydon for the remainder of his career (becoming surgeon of the Mayday Hospital in 1938) with the exception of war service 1939-1946. During the Second World War he once again served in the Royal Army Medical Corps and was Director of Medical Services for the Allied Forces in North Africa during 1942-1944. A biography of Cowell can be found in Lives of the fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1965-1973 by Sir James Paterson Ross and W.R. LeFanu (a continuation of 'Plarr's Lives').

W.J Manktelow was born in 1918, he went on to became a branch manager at Boots the Chemist. These notebooks were compiled by him while he was on the Chemist and Druggist course in the Department of Pharmacy at Brighton Technical College, September 1937 to June 1938.

During the Second World War the Wellcome Foundation laboratories at Frant, East Sussex, were engaged in work for the Ministry of Supply, producing scrub typhus vaccine for the armed forces. The project was given the wartime codename of 'Tyburn' after Tyburn Farm, the farm at the Wellcome Veterinary Research Station there. The project was organised by the bacteriologist Marinus van den Ende (1912-1957), serving with the RAMC: his obituary in the Lancet states that "his greatest achievement in England was the organisation of the laboratory at Frant for the large-scale production of scrub typhus vaccine, exacting and dangerous work which he carried out with great speed and precision".

A consultant at Guy's Hospital, London, William Arbuthnot Lane was an innovative surgeon, the first to reintroduce Paré's practice of removing a portion of rib to treat empyema. He evolved the no-touch technique for surgical operations, which enabled him to treat fractures of the long bones by open operation with advantage and safety. In 1900 he introduced sterile caps, masks and gloves to operations at Guy's.

He caused controversy in using internal fixations for fractures which could be treated by conservative methods, and by his flap method of operating on cleft palate in infants, but most controversial of all were his views on 'intestinal stasis', and his advocacy of removal of the colon, which subject occupied six meetings of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1913. The text of the discussion is included in this collection (Ref B/11).

Lane was made a baronet after successfully operating on a member of the royal family in 1913. During the First World War, he was involved in the the organisation of Queen Mary's Hospital at Sidcup for the treatment of deformities of the face resulting from wounds. Due to the shortage of personnel at Guy's, he did not retire until 1920.

After his retirement, convinced that most disease is due to 'defective diet and bad habits', Lane founded the New Health Society to publicise his theories on internal stasis and his ideas about healthy diet, posture and excercise. In order to write and publish without contravening the rules of the General Medical Council, Lane had his name removed from the Medical Register in 1933. Lane died in 1948.

Sussman , Sam

A.D. Douglas and E.D. Oram were psychiatrists at the Saxondale Hospital, Nottingham. A. Minto was a psychiatrist also based in Nottingham. Sam Sussman was Director of Social Services in London, Ontario, Canada.

Nicoll , T Vere , 1856-[1922] , surgeon

Nicholl received his medical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital and held various posts including Hon. Surgeon to Stoke Newington Dispensary, Senior House Surgeon at the Metropolitan Free Hospital, and Consulting Surgeon at the British Asylum for Deaf and Dumb at Clapton. The diaries include mention of his calls on patients and their visits to consult him, as well as his personal appointments, listing his day to day financial accounts at the back of each volume. He lived in South Kensington and his private patients included General Fuller, General Fryer, Lady Raglan, General Sir Thomas Fraser and other titled people.

Unknown

Relating to the prevalence of spirilium fever among the native population of Swaziland, 1913.

Sir Weldon, who assumed his mother's maiden name as an additional surname in 1924, qualified MB, BCh from Oxford and trained at St Bartholomew's. After serving as Assistant Medical Officer of Health at Willesden in North London,he joined the Ministry of Health in 1927 and was Deputy Chief Medical Officer of Health from 1940 to his retirement in 1956. Among the subjects upon which Sir Weldon reported to the Ministry were undulant fever (brucellosis) and tuberculosis of bovine origin. From 1937 to 1939, he was a member of the Interdepartmental Committee on the Nursing Services, whose interim report (G.6) laid the foundations for all subsesquent improvements in nursing. Work on a final report was curtailed by the outbreak of the Second World War, as were Sir Weldon's investigations into the use of snake venom for pain relief and the treatment of epilepsy. He was President of the Royal Society of Medicine's Comparative Medicine Section 1954/1955. He also undertook work for the international medical community, reporting on bovine tuberculosis to the International Bureau of Public Hygiene (F.12) and representing New Zealand on the Bureau's Permanent Committee (this body was later absorbed into the World Health Organisation). He was President of the Joint Food and Agriculture Organisation / World Health Organisation Committee on Brucellosis, and did much to further the cause of veterinary education by his active support of the Royal Veterinary College and the Veterinary Educational Trust. After his retirement, Sir Weldon became President of the Haemophilia Society. After his move to Oxford in 1964 he was closely involved in the work of the Oxford Haemophilia Centre. He died in 1980.

These papers on psychiatry in Nigeria were received from Dr Alexander Boroffka, who was Senior Specialist Psychiatrist in charge of Yaba Mental Hospital, Lagos, from 1961 to 1966. The Yaba Lunatic Asylum opened in Lagos, Nigeria, on 31 October 1907, taking in 8 female and 6 male patients. By 17 June 1912 there were 18 females and 17 males, and until 1949 the hospital also functioned as a leper asylum. The 'Lunatic Asylum' was renamed 'Yaba Mental Hospital' in 1960. The report book (GC/146/1) was given to him by the then Chief Nursing Officer, Mr A A Ordia, when the store of the hospital's records was cleared out in 1962. It appears to contain all the letters and reports written by the Medical Officer in charge, including reports on the leprosy patients. Dr Bruce F Home was appointed as an 'alienist' in 1927 and stayed for three tours, Oct 1927-Oct 1928, Apr 1929-Jul 1930, and Dec 1930-Aug 1931. A copy of his report of 1928 based on a tour of 25 centres of population and the results of questionnaires to Residents and Medical Officers, and the comments of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Northern Provinces, are included in this collection (GC/146/2-3).

These case cards of patients first seen for vascular disease of the heart (VDH) between 1919-1921, were brought together by R D Grant for his study of this condition. The results of his research were published in Heart, Vol VI, June 1933, as 'After histories for 10 years of 1000 men suffering from heart disease: study in prognosis'. It is said that it was for this work that Grant became an FRS: for further biographical details see Who's Who.