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Born in Stoke Newington, London, John Lucas Tupper was the son of the lithographer George Frederick Tupper. He attended the Royal Academy Schools from about 1844 and at the same time became an anatomical draftsman at Guy's Hospital, London. This not only provided an income but reflected his lifelong interest in science. Tupper remained working at Guy's until 1863 and two years later became master of drawing at Rugby School. His teaching at Rugby pioneered '...teaching art from the human form, as shown in the skeleton, the anatomical figure and the best antiques...'. The 'Athenaeum' considered him one of the ablest 'draughtsmen of the day' and that his experiment to make the study of drawing more than 'a genteel accomplishment' was 'fully attained'. In recognition of his achievements, Tupper was appointed curator of the museum at Rugby School.

Tupper was an early member of the Pre-Raphaelite circle and was particularly close to William Holman Hunt (later godfather to one of his children) and to William Michael Rossetti who edited a published volume of his poems in 1897. Tupper was not only a poet but also contributed letters and articles on literature, art and art education to: 'The Germ'; 'Art and Poetry: Being Thoughts towards Nature Conducted principally by Artists'; 'The Crayon'; and 'The Portfolio'. In 1866 he published under the name of "Outis" 'Hiatus, the Void in Modern Education, its cause and Antidote' (Macmillan). Demonstrating his versatility, Tupper also wrote an article 'On the Centre of Motion in the Human Eye' which was published in the 'Royal Society Proceedings', vol. 22 (1874), pp. 429-30.

His interest in science is reflected in the subjects of his work. In the 1850s and early 1860s Tupper made a number of portraits of his colleagues at Guy's Hospital. He was also commissioned (c.1858) to make a statue of Linnaeus for the Natural History Museum at Oxford designed by the Dublin based practice of Sir Thomas Newenham Deane and Benjamin Woodward.

Tupper joined the RALEIGH, flagship at the Cape of Good Hope, as a midshipman in 1888 and remained in her until 1891. He became a lieutenant in 1892. In 1893 he was on the South American Station in the RACER and died when a powder magazine exploded at Rio de Janeiro.

Mildred Anna Rosalie Tuker (1862-1957) was born in Apr 1862, the daughter of Rosalie du Chemin and Stephen Tuker. She was educated privately before studying moral sciences at Newnham College, Cambridge, from 1880 to 1883. Her work appears to first have been published in 1887 and she would continue to work as a writer until the period just before the outbreak of the Second World War. She spent the period in 1893-1910 mainly in Rome, which became her second home. Her most important works were The School of York in 1887, The Liturgy in Rome in 1897, Handbook to Christian and Ecclesiastical Rome in 1897-1900, Cambridge in 1907, Ecce Mater in 1915, The Liturgy in Rome in 1925 and Past and Future of Ethics in 1938. In the early part of the twentieth century she became involved with the women's suffrage movement as well as the role of women in the Roman Catholic Church. Her articles on Catholicism were published in a wide range of periodicals such as Hibbert's Journal and the Fortnightly Review. By 1911 she had become a member of both the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society and the Women's Social and Political Union. She published a number of articles in the pages of Votes for Women, signing herself MART, as well as being asked by Christabel Pankhurst to lobby MPs on a number of occasions. She took part in the series of major marches that took place in London in 1908 and 1910 and was in the Joint procession that took place in 1911. In addition to her suffrage and theological activities, she was a member of the Pontifical Academy of Arcadia, Rome and a Lady of Justice of the Order of St John of Jerusalem as well as being on the expert adviser's panel of the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women in 1927. Her writing focused on the historical position of women, particularly in the Christian religion, and the theological and ethical rationale for this. She died in Mar 1954.

A draper was originally someone who made woollen cloth. The word came to mean any dealer in cloth and textiles. A fancy draper dealt particularly in fine textiles.

Gertrude Tuckwell was born in Oxford in 1861, and educated at home by her father, a master at New College School, before training to be a teacher. She went to London in 1885 to start her career but became secretary to Emily Dilke (1840-1904), her aunt, wife of Sir Charles Dilke, and a writer, suffragette and trade unionist. Through this association Gertrude Tuckwell became interested in politics, becoming an early member of the Labour Party, and active as a trade union organiser and campaigner for women's rights. In 1891 she became involved with the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), working as its secretary and editor of its journal, the Women's Trade Union Review before becoming president of the League in 1905. In 1908 she also became president of the National Federation of Women Workers (NFWW) which had been founded in 1906 through the WTUL. She remained active in both organisations until 1918 when she announced her retirement and withdrew effectively from January 1921 when the WTUL merged its work with that of the Trades Union Congress. Tuckwell was one of the first women to be a Justice of the Peace and in 1926 served on the Royal Commission on National Health Insurance. Tuckwell also became involved in the struggle for protective legislation in the international arena and joined the executive committee of the International Association for Labour Legislation in 1906. She also maintained the Christian Socialist tradition of her family and from 1898 was secretary of the Christian Social Union Research Committee. A life-long philanthropist, Gertrude Tuckwell died in 1951. Publications: The State and its Children (1894).

Benjamin Tucker (18 Jan 1762-11 Dec 1829) acted as Purser on HMS ASSISTANCE in 1792, and then on HMS POMPEE from Apr 1795. From Jan 1798 he served on HMS LONDON, which from the summer of 1798 was stationed with the Mediterranean Fleet off Cadiz under the command of Earl St Vincent. On discharge from HMS LONDON on 11 Jul 1798, Tucker became Secretary to Earl St Vincent and continued with the Earl throughout his service in the Mediterranean. He was appointed Second Secretary to the Admiralty on 21 Jan 1804 and then again on 10 Feb 1806. From 28 Jun 1808-11 Dec 1829, he acted as Surveyor General of the County of Cornwall. Benjamin Tucker was married twice, first to Jane Lyne in c1798, who bore him seven children, and secondly to Anne Williams. He resided at Trematon Castle, Cornwall.

John Jervis Tucker, Admiral (25 Mar 1802-14 Mar 1886) entered the Royal Navy in 1815 as a First Class Volunteer. On 12 Sep 1822 he was promoted to Lieutenant. He served on HMS THETIS from 17 Mar 1823 until the ship was paid off in Nov 1826, sailing to Mexico in 1823 with Commisioners of the Admiralty and participating in the Ashantee War in 1824. On 15 Jun 1827 he was promoted to Commander, serving on HMS ARIEL and HMS SEMIRAMIS (1828-1831), and then to the rank of Captain of HMS ROYAL WILLIAM on 28 Jun 1838. He served as Flag Captain of HMS DUBLIN in the Pacific under Rear-Admiral Richard Thomas from 11 May 1841-26 Mar 1845, dealing with the imposition of French administration on the island of Tahiti. From 29 Apr 1854-10 Sep 1857 he was Captain Superintendent of Sheerness Dockyard. He became Rear-Admiral of the Blue on 10 Sep 1857, was promoted to Rear-Admiral of the White on 2 May 1860, and to Vice-Admiral on 9 Feb 1864. He was pensioned off on 19 Oct 1864 and was appointed as an Admiral on half pay on 10 Sep 1869. On 24 May 1876 he was made Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Cornwall. John Jervis Tucker was the second son of Benjamin Tucker, and owner of Trematon Castle from 1860 until his death in 1886. He married Sabine Ann Young on 16 Oct 1830, who bore him four children.

OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS - The collection also relates to other members of the Tucker family, including: Benjamin Tucker senior, Benjamin Tucker's father; Joseph Tucker (c1760-?), Benjamin Tucker's brother and Foreman of the Shipwrights, Plymouth Dockyard; Anne Tucker (nee Williams) ([1766-]), Benjamin Tucker's second wife and widow; Jedediah Stephens Tucker (17 Jun 1800-Jan 1860), Benjamin Tucker's eldest son who published the Memoirs of Earl St Vincent from his father's papers; Benjamin W Tucker ([1804-]), Benjamin Tucker's third son; Jervis Tucker (1833-?), eldest son of John Jervis Tucker; and the Lyne family, who may be either related to Benjamin Tucker's mother's or first wife's family as they both shared the same surname (the association is not clear).

Josiah Tucker was born in South Wales in 1713. He was educated at St John's College, Oxford, and he received his BA in 1736, MA in 1739 and DD in 1775. He was ordained in the Church of England and became a clergyman in Bristol for many years. In 1758 he became Dean of Gloucester Cathedral and divided his time between the two cities for more than thirty years. Tucker held strong and sometimes unpopular views on economics, politics and religion, and wrote several books and pamphlets on the controversial issues of the day. He died in 1799 and is buried in Gloucester Cathedral.

Archibald Norman Tucker was born in Cape Town on 10 March 1904. He was educated at South African College School. He obtained his MA from the University of Cape Town in 1926, his PhD from the University of London in 1929, and later also his DLit, in 1949.

He worked as Linguistic Expert of non-Arabic languages for the Sudan Government from 1929 to 1931. In 1932 he became Reader at the School of Oriental and African Studies. He was an active member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and a Conscientious Objector during World War II.

Much of his language work was concerned with orthographic research, which he undertook in both Uganda and Kenya (on Ganda and Kikuyu respectively). He organised and directed an orthography conference in Western Uganda in 1954, and, prior to that, in 1949-1951, he supervised a Bantu line expedition in the Belgian Congo for the International African Institute. Archibald Tucker was married. He died on 16 July 1980.

His publications include Suggestions for the Spelling of Transvaal Sesuto (1929); The Eastern Sudanic Languages, Vol. 1 (1940); Swahili Phonetics (1942); M. A. Bryan & A. N. Tucker, Distribution of the Nilotic ad Nilo-Hamitic Languages of Africa (1948); A Maasai Grammar with Vocabulary (1955); Linguistic Survey of the Northern Bantu Borderland, Vol. 4 (1957); A. N. Tucker & M. A. Bryan, Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa (1966); The Comparative Phonetics of the Suto-Chuana Group of Bantu Languages (1969); A Grammar of Kenya Luo (Dholuo) (1994); and Tribal Music and Dancing in the Southern Sudan (Africa), at Social and Ceremonial Gatherings.

In 1925 the Coal Owners Association announced that they intended to reduce the miner's wages. The General Council of the Trade Union Congress (TUC) responded to this news by promising to support the miners in their dispute with their employers. The Conservative Government, decided to intervene, and supplied the necessary money to restore miners' wages to their previous level. The Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, stated that this subsidy to the miners' wages would only last nine months. In the meantime, the government set up a Royal Commission under the chairmanship of Sir Herbert Samuel, to look into the problems of the Mining Industry. The Samuel Commission published its report in March 1926. It recognised that the industry needed to be reorganised but rejected the suggestion of nationalisation. The report also recommended that the Government subsidy should be withdrawn and the miners' wages should be reduced.

The final offer to the miners offered a national settlement based on an increase of hours to 8 per day, and a wage cut of 13%. The Government declared a state of emergency on 1 May. When the TUC General Council met on 1 May the coal miners were already locked out of the pits. The TUC proposed a National Strike from midnight on 3 May, the only major union which voted against the proposal was the National Union of Seamen. The TUC continued to negotiate with the government. To their surprise Baldwin informed them that the negotiations were over and that there must be a withdrawal of the strike threat. The TUC expressed 'surprise and regret' at the Prime Minister's action and the strike went ahead.

The TUC proposed to call out workers in a systematic manner, starting with workers in transport, the docks and railways, heavy industries, building trades, power stations and printers. The response to the strike call was remarkable, about 1.5 million workers joined the million coal miners on strike. The TUC set up various sub-committees to direct the strike, there was considerable anxiety to retain central direction of the strike. In some places it was necessary to restrain groups of workers, who had not been called out. Throughout the country trades councils acted as focal points for co-ordination and leadership. The TUC published its own Strike Bulletin The British Worker, and there were also many local publications.

There were discussions between the TUC and Sir Herbert Samuel, who stressed that he was acting in a personal, unofficial capacity, from 7-10 May. Samuel offered the guarantee of re-organisation, and the TUC Negotiating Committee accepted this as a basis for further negotiations. On the evening of 10 May the miners' leaders rejected Samuel's proposals, and the following day the TUC General Council effectively gave the miners an ultimatum - accept the Samuel memorandum or carry on alone. The miners' Executive replied that they could not accept the memorandum. On 12 May the TUC told the Prime Minister that the strike was over. Ernest Bevin, General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers Union tried to press Baldwin for a 'just settlement', but got little satisfaction.

In some industries men were only taken back on a selective basis, this led to the temporary resumption of strike action by railwaymen. In the mining areas there was a definite sense of betrayal. The miners strike/lockout continued for several months, and there was a great deal of suffering. By October, while the will to continue still remained, the feeling of a battle lost provided the need for a return to work. The final decision was left to local ballots, and district leaders arranged the return to work with local employers. To the very end, the vote of the Durham miners was against the settlement. By late November, such miners as were required were back at work.

Alfred Herbert Tubby was an orthopaedic surgeon who worked at the Westminster, Royal National Orthopaedic and Evelina Hospitals. His work on Deformities became a standard text-book. He became FRCS in 1887.

During the First World War, he was seconded for service as consulting surgeon to the British Mediterranean Expeditionary Force with the rank of temporary colonel on the Army Medical Staff, and later to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, serving much of the time at Alexandria. In 1920 he published A Consulting Surgeon in the Near East (London: Christophers, 1920), which described his service during the war.

See Plarr's Lives of the fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England ["Plarr's lives"], Vol. II, pp. 438, 439.

Alfred Herbert Tubby was an orthopaedic surgeon who worked at the Westminster, Royal National Orthopaedic and Evelina Hospitals. His work on Deformities became a standard text-book. He became FRCS in 1887.

During the first world war he was seconded for service as consulting surgeon to the British Mediterranean Expeditionary Force with the rank of temporary colonel on the Army Medical Staff, and later to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, serving much of the time at Alexandria. In 1920 he published A Consulting Surgeon in the Near East (London: Christophers, 1920), which described his service during the war.

See Plarr's Lives of the fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England ["Plarr's lives"], Vol. II, pp. 438, 439.

Mr Tubbs was Librarian to St Thomas's Hospital Medical School from 1944 to 1976.

A Robert Tubbs is mentioned in several of the documents in this collection. According to The Times (Weds Aug 20 1884) a Robert Tubbs died on 15th August 1884 at 55 Harley Street, aged 88. Tubbs was from Harlesden and also held Mayertorne Manor, Wendover, Buckinghamshire. He was a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant for Middlesex, and was the eldest and last surviving son of Robert Tubbs of Harlesden. His wealth at death was over £10,000. It seems likely this was the same individual. Other notices in The Times"mention a Charles Tubbs, younger brother of Robert Tubbs, who died in March 1861; and a Sophia Tubbs, wife of Robert Tubbs senior, who died in 1841 after a 'short but severe' illness.

Thomas Tayler Curwen (1820-1879) went into business as a stock and share broker in around 1849. In 1878 he took his sons, Edward Spedding Curwen (b. 1852) and Thomas Cecil Curwen (b 1854) into partnership with him, and the name of the firm was changed to T T Curwen and Sons. In 1974 the firm was incorporated into William Morris and Company.

The firm was based at 3 Bartholomew Lane (1849-67), 19 Change Alley (1868-1905), 1 Cornhill (1905-33), 80 Cornhill (1933-53), Westminster House, Old Broad Street (1954-64), and 39/41 New Broad Street (1965-74).

Born 1927; educated Lawrence Sheriff School, Rugby; St Edmund Hall, Oxford (BA Hons Modern History, 1947, Dip Ed 1951); Institute of Education, London Univ. (Academic Dip Ed 1962); King's College, London (MA in War Studies, 1969); National Service as RAEC Officer, UK, Egypt and Akaba, 1947-1949; teaching, 1951-1953; Regular RAEC Officer, 1953; seconded to Malay Regt, 1953-1956; War Office, 1957-1962; British Army of the Rhine, 1962-1966; Inspector, 1967-1968; Education Adviser, Regular Commissions Board, 1969-1971; Head of Officer Education Bridge, 1971-1973; Chief Inspector of Army Education, 1973-1974; MoD, 1974-1976; Chief Education Officer, UKLF, 1976-1980; Col Commandant, RAEC, 1986-1989; Member: Council, Royal United Services Institution for Defence Studies, 1978-1984; Director of Army Education, 1980-84; Chairman, Gallipoli Memorial Lecture Trust, 1986-1989 (Trustee, 1984-); Director: Brassey's (UK) Ltd (formerly Brassey's Defence Publishers Ltd), since 1984 (Managing Director, 1984-1987; Executive Deputy Chairman, 1988-1995); Brassey's (US) Inc., 1984-1995. Pubications Boney Fuller: the intellectual general 1977; contributed to The Downfall of Leslie Hore-Belisha in the Second World War 1982; Fuller and the Tanks in Home Fires and Foreign Fields 1985.

The "Truth and Justice for Richard Chang Campaign" was set up by the Chang family following the death of Richard Chang (a senior IT business analyst at Abbey National Plc.) in a fall on the 13th July 2004 at the Abbey National building. The campaign was created to investigate the circumstances surrounding Mr Chang's death.

The Exchequer was responsible for receiving and dispersing the public revenue.

The precise origin of the Truman family's involvement in brewing is unclear. Although 1666 is often cited as the start date, it is more likely to have been in 1679 when Joseph Truman Senior (died 1721) acquired the Black Eagle Street brewhouse from William Bucknall. Joseph retired in 1730 and his son Benjamin (died 1780) developed the business so that in 1760 Truman's brewery was the third biggest in London, brewing 60,000 barrels of beer per annum. After 1780, James Grant (died 1788), Sir Benjamin's assistant and executor, ran the business whilst the property passed to Sir Benjamin's grandsons, General Henry Read and William Truman Read.

In 1789 Sampson Hanbury acquired James Grant's share of the business and manged the brewery until 1835. He was joined in 1811 by his nephew Thomas Fowell Buxton. Additional partners joined in 1816: Thomas Marlborough Pryor and Robert Pryor, who had previously run Proctors brewhouse, Shoreditch. Production rose from 100,000 barrels per annum in 1800 to 400,000 barrels per annum in 1850, so becoming the largest brewery in London.

Truman Hanbury Buxton and Co. Ltd was registered in 1889 as a limited liability company. The company was acquired by Grand Metropolitan Hotels Ltd in 1971 and changed its name to Trumans Ltd. In 1974 it merged with Watney Mann Ltd. Brewing at Burton ceased in 1971 but the Black Eagle Brewery at Brick Lane continued to operate until 1988. In 1991, Grand Metropolitan Hotels Ltd was taken over by Courage Ltd.

The precise origin of the Truman family's involvement in brewing is unclear. Although 1666 is often cited as the start date, it is more likely to have been in 1679 when Joseph Truman Senior (died 1721) acquired the Black Eagle Street brewhouse from William Bucknall. The two sons of Joseph Truman Senior, Joseph Truman Junior (died 1733) and Benjamin Truman (died 1780) entered the business in 1716 and 1722 respectively. Joseph retired in 1730 and Benjamin developed the business so that in 1760 (the year he was knighted) Truman's brewery was the third biggest in London, brewing 60,000 barrels of beer per annum. After 1780, James Grant (died 1788), Sir Benjamin's assistant and executor, ran the business whilst the property passed to Sir Benjamin's grandsons, General Henry Read and William Truman Read.

In 1789 Sampson Hanbury acquired James Grant's share of the business and manged the brewery until 1835. He was joined in 1811 by his nephew Thomas Fowell Buxton. Additional partners joined in 1816: Thomas Marlborough Pryor and Robert Pryor, who had previously run Proctors brewhouse, Shoreditch. Production rose from 100,000 barrels per annum in 1800 to 400,000 barrels per annum in 1850, so becoming the largest brewery in London.

Truman Hanbury Buxton and Co. Ltd was registered in 1889 as a limited liability company. The company was acquired by Grand Metropolitan Hotels Ltd in 1971 and changed its name to Trumans Ltd. In 1974 it merged with Watney Mann Ltd. Brewing at Burton ceased in 1971 but the Black Eagle Brewery at Brick Lane, Shoreditch, continued to operate until 1988. In 1991, Grand Metropolitan Hotels Ltd was taken over by Courage Ltd.

Jill Truman (fl 1980s-) is a writer and peace campaigner. She visited the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp regularly in the 1980s-1990s when she wrote a column for the Bristol Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) newsletter entitled 'News from Greenham'. She also wrote a play about Greenham, 'The Web', which was produced at the Tabard Theatre, Ealing, directed by Jilly Bond, in 1991.

Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp (1982-2000) was formed in response to NATO's decision in 1979 to base ground cruise missiles at Greenham Common. RAF Greenham Common had first became home to the US Army Air Force in Nov 1943, when the 354th Fighter Group moved in as part of the Allies efforts to meet the Nazi Government's aerial operations. Greenham Common, near Newbury in Berkshire, became a bomber operational training unit. Following the invasion of France, the Americans transferred their resources to France and Greenham Common reverted to RAF control until it was closed in 1946. However, as the Cold War began, it was reopened in 1951 as a US Strategic Air Command, coming into American Air Force operational control in Jun 1953. It was closed once more in 1961 only to be reopened in 1964, when it also became a NATO standby base. NATO's decision in 1979 to base ground cruise missiles at Greenham Common was a response to the proliferation of nuclear forces, which occurred throughout that decade. It was in the wake of this announcement that the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp opened at this site. In Sep 1981 a Welsh group of 36 individuals opposed to nuclear power, called Women for Life on Earth, walked 120 miles from their headquarters to raise awareness of this issue and to protest against NATO's decision to site cruise missiles at Greenham Common. On reaching their destination they chained themselves to the perimeter fence and subsequently established a 'peace camp' there which was to remain for another two decades. The 'camp' itself consisted of nine smaller camps: the first was Yellow Gate, established the month after Women for Peace on Earth reached the airbase; others established in 1983 were Green Gate, the nearest to the silos, and the only entirely exclusive women-only camp at all times, the others accepting male visitors during the day; Turquoise Gate; Blue Gate with its new age focus; Pedestrian Gate; Indigo Gate; Violet Gate identified as being religiously focussed; Red Gate known as the artists gate; and Orange Gate. A central core of women lived either full-time or for stretches of time at any one of the gate camps with others staying for various lengths of time. From the beginning, links were formed with local feminist and anti-nuclear groups across the country while early support was received from the Women's Peace Alliance in order to facilitate these links and give publicity through its newsletter. In Mar 1982 the first blockade of the base occurred, staged by 250 women and during which 34 arrests were made. In May the first attempt to evict the peace camp was made as bailiffs and police attempted to clear the women and their possessions from the site. However, the camp was simply re-located to a nearby site. That same year, in Feb 1982 the camp went onto a women only footing and in Dec 1982, in response to chain letter sent out by organisers 30,000 women assembled to surround the site and 'embrace the base'. In Jan 1983 Newbury District Council revoked the commonland bylaws for Greenham Common, becoming the private landlord for the site and instituting Court proceedings to reclaim eviction costs, actions that were ruled as illegal by the House of Lords in 1990. In Apr 1991, CND supporters staged action which involved 70,000 people forming a 14-mile human chain linking Burghfield, Aldermaston and Greenham. However, the first transfer of cruise missiles to the airbase occurred in Nov 1983. Another major event occurred in Dec 1983 when 50,000 women encircled the base, holding up mirrors and taking down sections of the fence, resulting in hundreds of arrests. In 1987, the Intermediate Nuclear Forces treaty was signed by the USA and the Soviet Union, and two years later in Aug 1989 the first step in the removal of cruise missiles from the Greenham Common airbase occurred, a process that was completed in Mar 1991. The American Air Force handed control of the base to the Royal Air Force in Sep 1992, who handed the base over to the Defence Land Agent three weeks later. On 1 Jan 2000 the last of the Greenham Common Women protestors left the camp. A memorial garden was erected after this - the only individual name included in the memorial was that of Helen Wynn Thomas who had died in an accident at Greenham on 5 Aug 1989.

T.R.S. Limited was registered in 1957 as an investment company. It was a subsidiary of Rubber Plantations Investment Trust Limited. T.R.S Limited was dormant from 1980, and in 1986 it went into voluntary liquidation.

T.R.S. Company Limited was registered in 1923 as an investment company holding shares in rubber and other plantations companies. Rubber Plantations Investment Trust had an investment in the company 1924-1928. In 1946/7 it went into voluntary liquidation.

The Rev Dr Hubert Carey (Hugh) Trowell, OBE, MD, FRCP (1904-1989) Physician, paediatrician, and nutritionist. Born, 1904; Qualified at St Thomas's Medical School, 1928; House Physician, St Thomas's Hospital, 1928-1929; Colonial Medical Service, Kenya, 1929; Study of kwashiorkor, 1930-1958; Senior Physician and Senior Paediatrician, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, 1935-1958; Return to England, 1959; Ordained into Anglican Church, 1960; Vicar at Stratford-sub-Castle, and chaplain to Salisbury Hospital, 1960-1970; First Chairman of London Medical Group for Study of Medical Ethics, 1960-1964; Study Secretary of the newly formed Institute of Religion and Medicine, 1960-1966; Chair of BMA working party on the ethical aspects of euthanasia, Retired, study of 'dietary fibre', 1970; President of Institute of Religion and Medicine, 1979; died, 1989.

A tontine is an investment plan in which participants buy shares in a common fund and receive an annuity that increases every time a participant dies, with the entire fund going to the final survivor or to those who survive after a specified time.
Stephen Drew, formerly of the island of Jamaica but then of Stoketon, near Saltash, Cornwall, was the agent of the tontine on the Dry Sugar Work Estate (1435 acres), in St Catherine's parish on the Rio Cobre River, one mile from Spanish Town. The tontine was to begin in May or June 1805, but Drew did not reach Jamaica until November 1805. In December 1806 the trustees gave power of attorney to Messrs Pinnock & Shand of Jamaica, to proceed against Drew, as his management was unsatisfactory. By September 1808 the estate was in the hands of a receiver; in November 1808 Pinnock estimated the value of negroes and stock at £10,800, exclusive of the freehold. Probably by about that time Drew had received £18-19,000, the trustees retaining little more than £1000. From 1809 Pinnock & Shand acted as managers of the estate, being occupied in selling the negroes, and trying to sell the land. In 1821 the tontine was still not wound up, and a bill was pending in Chancery against the trustees, for an account of the estate.

Sarah, younger daughter of the solicitor Richard Ironmonger Troward and sister of Richard Troward, the author of this manuscript, married the classicist Thomas Hewitt Key (1799-1875) in 1824.

Robert Ridgill Trout was born in 1878 and by career was an antiquarian bookseller, who also carried out regular work valuing the libraries of county houses and institutions. In 1936 he met Alice Vere, a descendant of Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. It was after conversations with Alice Vere that Ridgill Trout came to believe that Edward de Vere was the author of the plays and poetry attributed to William Shakespeare. Ridgill Trout died on 17 June 1969.

Born 1857; educated at Aberdeen University, Balliol College, Oxford University; Barrister, Middle Temple, 1888; entered Home Office, 1880; Chairman of Committee on Identification of Habitual Criminals, 1893; Editor of Judicial Statistics of England and Wales, 1894-1903; Chairman of Committee on Cremation, 1902; Assistant Under-Secretary of State, 1903-1908; permanent Secretary of State in the Home Office, 1908-1922; KCB, 1909; KCVO, 1918; Chairman of Royal Irish Constabulary Tribunal, 1922-1923; Chairman of the Safety in Mines Research Board, and Chairman Health Advisory Committee (Mines Department), 1923-1939; Chairman of Special Grants Committee (Ministry of Pensions), 1929-1938; Treasurer and Member of the Council 1922-1939, of King's College, London; died 1941.

Publications: The Home Office (G P Putnam Sons, London and New York, 1925); editor Place names of West Aberdeenshire (New Spalding Club, 1900); editor Home Office practice in extradition cases under the Fugitive Offenders Act, and commissions rogatoires, etc (Home Office, London, 1907).

Unknown

See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.

Entered the army as ensign in the 73rd foot on 24 January 1834. Promoted to Lieutenant on 30 December 1836 and exchanged into the 7th Royal Fusiliers; serving with the regiment at Gibraltar, the West Indies, and Canada, becoming captain on 14 December 1841 and major on 9 August 1850. Troubridge served with the 7th Royal Fusiliers in the Crimea, 1854. He was in the forefront of the battle at the Alma. On 5 November, at Inkerman, he was field officer of the day, and was posted with the reserved of the light division in the Lancaster battery. Troubridge lost his right leg and left foot as this battery was attacked by Russian guns. He remained with the battery until the battle was over, with his limbs propped up against a gun carriage. Lord Raglan stated that Troubridge, although desperately wounded, acting with the utmost gallantry and composure. Troubridge returned to England in May 1855. He was made CB, aide-de-camp to the queen, and brevet colonel from 18 May 1855. He received the fourth class of the Mejidiye and the Legion d'honneur.

Entered the navy as a cadet in 1908, passing at Royal Naval College at Osborne and Dartmouth, became midshipman in 1912. He took part in the action off Dogger Bank and at Jutland and became lieutenant in 1916. The following year he was appointed to motor boats in which he remained until the armistice. Troubridge took a course in gunnery and then served as gunnery officer in the QUEEN ELIZABETH between 1922-4. He later took the naval staff course in 1924 after which he served in the Atlantic Fleet as staff officer, operations. Troubridge was appointed to the royal yacht VICTORIA AND ALBERT in 1928 and promoted commander in 1929; later being promoted captain in 1934 at the age of thirty-nine. In that rank he was appointed naval attache in 1936. On 1 January 1940, Troubridge was appointed commander of the aircraft-carrier FURIOUS in the Home Fleet. In June 1941 Troubridge was appointed to command the battleship NELSON at Gibraltar. Troubridge later took command of the aircraft-carrier INDOMITABLE, taking part in the assault and capture of the base of Diego Suarez in Madagascar in 1942. Troubridge was promoted to rear-admiral in 1943 and in 1944 appointed to command a force of nine British and American escort-carriers to cover forces invading the south of France. For his distinguished service in this operation he was appointed CB. On 1 May 1945 Troubridge was made fifth sea lord on the Board of Admiralty, with special emphasis on the naval air service. Later in that year he was promoted KCB. In 1947 he was promoted vice-admiral.

Entered the navy in 1875 at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, as a naval cadet, and promoted to lieutenant in 1884. Later in 1888 he received the silver medal of the Royal Humane Society after saving a persons life at sea. His next promotion was in 1895 to the position of commander and served in the battleship REVENGE (1896-8). He was later promoted to captain (1901) and became naval attache at Vienna and Madrid in 1902. He was naval attache at Tokyo (1902-4) and was present at the battle of Chemulpo and the operations off Port Arthur. Subsequently, Troubridge was awarded the Japanese order of the Rising Sun and on his return to England was made CMG and MVO. In 1907-1908 he was made flag captain in the QUEEN, to Admiral Sir Charles Drury and then commodore at the royal naval barracks, Chatham between 1908-1910. In 1910 Troubridge became private secretary to the first lord, Reginald McKenna, later Winston Churchill. In 1911, Troubridge was promoted to rear-admiral and chief of war staff in 1912. In Janaury 1913 he was given command of the cruiser squadron in the Mediterranean Fleet under Admiral Milne. The squadron comprised the armoured cruisers DEFENCE, BLACK PRINCE, DUKE OF EDINBURGH and WARRIOR. In 1915 Troubridge was appointed head of British naval mission in Serbia and in 1916 promoted to vice-admiral. In 1918 he was appointed admiral commanding on the Danube by the French commander-in-chief in the Balkans, General Franchet d'Esperey. He served as president of a provisional inter-allied Danube commission in 1919 and served as president on the permanent commission until 1924. Troubridge was promoted to Admiral in January 1919 and created a KCMG in the same year.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Trollope and Colls Ltd can trace their origins back to 1778. The company was formed from two distinct family businesses. The first business was that of Joseph Trollope who was set up as a wall paper hanger in St Marylebone moving to St George, Hanover Square and then in 1787 to Parliament Street, Westminster. He was a specialist in exotic wall paper, especially Chinese painted paper, with work undertaken at Lullingstone Castle, The Vyne (Hampshire) and Burghley House. He retired in 1800. George Trollope, younger son of Joseph took over the running of the family business along with his brother Joseph Amos Trollope. In 1830 he became paper hanger to King George IV, and in 1842 to Queen Victoria. The firm expanded into interior decoration. Later, in 1849, it expanded into estate agency, letting and controlling property for the Grosvenor Estates.

A separate branch of Cabinet-makers, bearing the family name, was opened at West Halkin Street, becoming known as "The Museum of Decorative Arts" (run by George Robinson). In 1851, the firm became formally known as George Trollope and Sons. George Trollope and Sons were notable for their speculative development of Mayfair, in Eccleston Square, Eaton Square and Warwick Square. Because of delays in a development at Hereford Gardens, Grosvenor Estates were highly critical of the Company and it therefore lost its exemptions to various Building Acts. Further setbacks were industrial disputes in 1859/1860 and were, in descending order, building, estate agency (at Hobart Place), and interior decoration (at West Halkin Street). The latter was involved in contracts to fit out the interiors of liners.

Colls and Sons of 3 High Street, Camberwell, was started in 1840 by Benjamin Colls a painter and decorator who had previously worked in Camberwell and had an opportunity to develop Jackson's Place, Camberwell (belonging to his father-in-law Thomas Jackson). In 1844 he branched out into plumbing and glazier work and in 1853 became a builder and contractor with new premises at 240-246 Camberwell Road. A branch opened in the City at Moorgate in 1858. Most of the business pursued was contract work on workmen's flats, schools and Anglican Churches in South London (e.g. St Phillip, Battersea and St Luke, Camberwell). Increasingly attention had turned towards the City where Benjamin Colls used his experience as a master builder when Chairman of the City Lands Committee. This development into office building was continued by his sons William and John Howard (e.g. Institute of Chartered Accountants 1889-1892). J. Howard Colls was responsible for drawing up the standard contract (1880) and the firm was involved in a famous case Colls V Home and Colonial (1900) over the issue of 'Ancient Lights'. A branch of the firm was founded in Dorking to secure work on houses of City living in Surrey.

In 1903 the new company of George Trollope and Sons and Colls and Sons Ltd was formed with George Howard Trollope and John Howard Colls as joint Chairmen. Both had been presidents of the Central Association of Master Builders. The merger did not include the Surveyors, Auctioneers and Estate Agency at Hobart Place. There was a new headquarters for the firm at 5 Coleman Street, City; the cabinet-making continued with a new contract from Harland and Wolff, Belfast for the Royal Mail Line; the branch in Dorking continued.

The firm came to specialise in civil engineering. A.B Howard Colls did pioneer work in reinforced concrete during the First World War, when many docks, viaducts and railway bridges were constructed. Their work extended to reinforced concrete pipes for drainage, then later to suburban housing, garden cities and work in the Far East. The Second World War left much of the City to be redeveloped and elsewhere new opportunities arose in the field of atomic energy. Trollope and Colls Ltd (as the firm had been known since 1918) joined forces with Holland, Hannen and Cubitt to form Nuclear Civil Constitution ( responsible for Trywsfynnd Power Station, North Wales).

In 1968, the firm was taken over by Trafalgar House Investments Ltd but retained a separate identity. Appropriately enough, the company was responsible for the new precincts at Guildhall, and the repairing of the roof of Guildhall following the Second World War.

Chronology of Companies 1778 Joseph Trollope, wall paper hanger 1800 Joseph Amos and George Trollope 1840 Benjamin Colls, painter and decorator 1851 George Trollope and Sons 1903 George Trollope and Sons and Colls and Sons Ltd 1918 Trollope and Colls Ltd 1969 Trollope and Colls Ltd, owned by Trafalgar House Investments Ltd.

Selected Major buildings George Trollope and Sons: Haymarket Theatre 1869; Claridges Hotel 1897; Baltic Exchange 1903

Colls and Sons: Institute of Chartered Accountants 1889-1892; St Philip, Battersea 1870; Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Co., Bank 1904

Trollope and Colls Ltd: Lloyds Bank, Head Office, Lombard Street, 1931; Shell Mex House, remodelling 1931; Trinity House, Tower Hill, 1950s; Daily Express, Daily Mail, The Times, Daily Telegraph, Fleet Street, various dates; Debenhams, Wigmore Street, 1905-1908; Northwick Park Hospital, 1970s; New Stock Exchange, City, 1972-1975; Trywsfynnd Power Station, 1962; Interior work for Queen Mary (Cunard Liner).

The Tristan da Cunha Fund was set up c 1886, by Douglas M Gane, a London solicitor. The purpose of the fund was to send aid to Tristan da Cunha following the failure of the potato crop and the loss of 15 of the islands best boat men at sea. The fund provided provisions for the islanders including wood, food and candles. Gane, Honorary Secretary of the Fund, who had visited the island aboard the clipper Ellora, repeatedly wrote to The Times in London to ensure the islanders were not forgotten. The Fund survived Gane's death in 1935, and his son, Irving B Gane, took over as Honorary Secretary. The Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Empire Society were the Fund's trustees. The fund was wound up sometime after 1951, as changes on the island meant that it was no longer dependant upon the Fund for survival.

Tring Museum originated as the private museum of the wealthy aristocrat and banker, Lionel Walter Rothschild (1868-1937), 2nd Baron Rothschild of Tring, in Hertfordshire. Walter began collecting natural history specimens at the age of seven, and converted a garden shed into his first museum a few years later. He visited the natural history galleries at the British Museum as a boy, and started a thirty-year correspondence with Albert Gunther, the Keeper of Zoology. Rothschild studied at Bonn University and at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he came under the influence of the Professor of Zoology, Alfred Newton.

As a 21st birthday present his father built him a splendid museum on the edge of Tring Park for Walter's ever-growing zoological collections and library. Alfred Minall acted as caretaker and taxidermist, and the museum was opened to the public for the first time in 1892.

Rothschild made use of a great number of professional collectors to build up his museum, including A F R Wollaston in North Africa, William Doherty in what is now Malaysia and Indonesia, and A S Meek in New Guinea. He also undertook one major expedition himself, spending nearly six months collecting in Algeria in 1908. He kept live animals in Tring Park, including emus, kangaroos, zebra and giant tortoises. Rothschild appointed two curators in 1892 and 1893: Ernst Hartert (1859-1933) as ornithologist and Karl Jordan (1861-1959) as entomologist. Hartert retired as Director of the Museum in 1930, and was succeeded by Jordan until his own retirement in 1938. By 1908, when Rothschild retired from banking, the museum had an establishment of eight, including Arthur Goodson who assisted Hartert, and Fred Young who had succeeded Minall as taxidermist. The museum also published its own journal, Novitates Zoologicae, which eventually ran to 42 quarto volumes rich in hand-coloured lithographs. Rothschild added two wings to the museum to house the collections of birds and insects in 1910 and 1912.

In spite of his family's great wealth, Rothschild was often short of money. He sold most of his beetles to raise funds for the Museum, and in 1931 a crisis forced him to sell his collection of birds to the American Museum of Natural History. The remainder of his museum remained intact until his death in 1937, when it was bequeathed in its entirety to the Trustees of the British Museum. This, the largest bequest ever received by The Natural History Museum, consisted of 3,000 mounted mammals, reptiles and amphibians, 2,000 mounted birds and about 4,000 skins, a vast collection of butterflies and other insects, a library of 30,000 volumes, the buildings and the land on which they stood. An Act of Parliament in 1938 allowed the Trustees to accept the bequest.
A succession of Natural History Museum staff acted as Officer-in-charge of Tring including T C S Morrison-Scott (1938-1939), J R Norman (1939-1944) and J E Dandy. Collections were evacuated to Tring from South Kensington during the war, but it wasn't until the end of the 1960s that major changes took place. The display galleries were modernised in 1969-1971, though they still retain a Victorian flavour, and the Bird Section moved into a new building on the site in 1971, providing space in South Kensington for Rothschild's insects to join the other entomological collections there. The Zoological Museum, Tring, now comprises a public display of stuffed animals with associated educational programmes, the Rothschild Library, and the staff and collections of the Bird Section.

Trinder Anderson and Co. Ltd began in the 1870s. In 1886 Trinder Anderson & Co. acquired the business of Messrs Oliver and Wilson of Fremantle and entered trade in Western Australia. In 1886, Trinder Anderson and Co Ltd set up a steamer service called the Western Australia Steam Navigation Co. In 1892, Trinder Anderson and Co reorganized with Charles Bethell and Co when Walter J Gwyn was taken into partnership becoming known as Bethell, Gwyn and Co. In the same year Trinder Anderson and Co. and Bethell, Gwyn and Co enters the emigrant trade. In 1904, Trinder Anderson and Co. and Bethell, Gwyn and Co founded the Australind Steam Navigation Co. The first steam vessel registered was the AUSTRALIND, a 5,568 ton cargo vessel built by Charles Connell and Co of Glasgow. In later years the Australind Steam Navigation Company became associated with the New Zealand Shipping Company which registered in 1872 and changed in 1966 to become asscociated with the Federal Steam Navigation Co Australind Steam Navigation Co together with its parent company forms part of the P and O organisation. In 1967, the Australind Steam Navigation Co ran services in association with Avenue Shipping. In this collection, Trinder Anderson and Co. Ltd. acted as agents to the Australind Steam Navigation Company Ltd from 1897 to 1964, New Zealand Shipping Company Ltd from 1937 to 1959 and Avenue Shipping Co Ltd. from 1954 to 1969. Trinder Anderson and Co. Ltds own company records in this collection cover the period 1914 to 1974.

Tribble, Pearson and Company, East India and general merchants, was formed in 1914 on the dissolution of the partnership of Daponte, Tribble and Pearson, formed in 1908 by Christophe Daponte, Herbert Sidney Tribble and Thomas Edward Pearson.

Daponte had started trading as an East India and general merchant at 86 Leadenhall Street in 1897. With the exception of four notifications of trademark registration (in Ms 18225) and a telegraphic code book (Ms 18234) no records for the period before 1914 are known to have survived.

The sequence of partnerships in the company from 1914 to 1929 can be traced in the partnership agreements (in Ms 18214). In 1934 the company was bequeathed to George William Church who carried on the business until his death in 1975, and all the surviving records of the company were deposited by his widow in 1977. Few records created before 29 December 1940 survive as on that date the company's office at 88 Fenchurch Street and most of its contents were destroyed by enemy action (see Ms 18237).

The company specialised in metal goods, chemicals, paints and building materials and traded from the following addresses: 86 Leadenhall Street, 1914-29; 88 Fenchurch Street, 1929-40; 107 Leadenhall Street, 1941-44; 101 Leadenhall Street, 1944-59; 114 Creighton Avenue, N.2., 1959-75.

The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials (more formally, the Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT)) were a series of twelve US military tribunals for war crimes against surviving members of the military, political, and economical leadership of Nazi Germany, held in Nuremberg after World War Two, 1946-1949 following the Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal. The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials proceedings were instigated as a result of the promulgation of the Allied Control Council's 'Law No. 10', 20 Dec 1945. This law empowered the commanding officers of the four zones of occupation to conduct criminal trials on charges of aggression, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and membership of an organisation carrying out such crimes. There were 12 trials, held between Dec 1946 and Apr 1949. 177 people were tried, including representatives of the leadership of the Reich ministries, the Wehrmacht, industrial concerns, and the legal and medical establishments. The cases were as follows: 1) Medical Case; 2) Milch Case; 3) Justice Case; 4) Pohl Case 5) Flick Case; 6) IG Farben Case; 7) Hostage Case; 8) RuSHA Case; 9) Einsatzgruppen Case; 10) Krupp Case; 11) Ministries Case; 12) High Command Case.

Born in 1917; educated at Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Royal Naval Engineering College, Keyham and Royal Naval College, Greenwich; Naval Cadet, Dartmouth, 1931; served in HMS FROBISHER, HMS BARHAM; transferred to engineering branch, 1935; served in HMS NELSON, HMS DUKE OF YORK and HMS DIDO, [1939-1945]; Engineer Officer, HMS CADIZ; Cdr, 1950; Officer-in-Charge, Gas Turbine Section, Department of the Engineer-in-Chief of the Fleet, Admiralty, 1951-1954; Engineer Officer, HMS ALBION, [1954-1956]; Director of Engineering, Royal Naval Engineering College, Plymouth, 1956-[1959]; Engineer Capt, 1959; Assistant Director of Marine Engineering, Ship Department, Admiralty, 1959-[1963]; Commanding Officer, HMS SULTAN, 1963-1964; Captain of Naval Base, Portland, 1966-1968; R Adm, 1968; Naval ADC to Queen Elizabeth II, 1968; Assistant Controller (Polaris), Ministry of Defence, 1968-1971; V Adm, 1971; Chief of Fleet Support and Member of Board of Admiralty, 1971-1974; died 2001.

Frederick Treves was born on 15 February 1853, in Dorchester, Dorset, the youngest son of William Treves, upholsterer and furniture maker in Dorchester, and his wife Jane, daughter of John Knight of Honiton. In 1860, at the age of seven, Treves attended the school in Dorchester run by the Rev. William Barnes, poet. From 1867, until the age of eighteen, he was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School in the City of London. Treves left in 1871 to begin his study of medicine at University College London, and then at the Medical School of the London Hospital. In 1874 he became a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries. He passed the membership examinations for the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1875 after four years of study, during which time he proved his `excellent manipulative ability' (DNB, 1937, p.856).

Treves held a house-surgeonship at the London Hospital in the early summer of 1876. In August of that year he became resident medical officer at the Royal National Hospital for Scrofula (later the Royal Sea-Bathing Hospital) at Margate, Kent, where his elder brother, William, was honorary surgeon. Treves soon left to take up practice, in order to provide a home for his fiancé Anne Elizabeth Mason, in Wirksworth, Derbyshire. He and Anne married in 1877. Treves continued to study for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1878. In 1879, after two years, he gave up his practice in Derbyshire and returned to London, to become surgical registrar at the London Hospital. Almost immediately a vacancy on the surgical staff became available, and Treves was appointed assistant surgeon.

Meanwhile in order to ensure a livelihood, which was essential until he had built up a consulting practice, Treves became a demonstrator of anatomy to the Medical School of the Hospital. His reputation soon spread, it has been said that

`his clear, incisive style, his power of happy description, his racy humour, and the applicability of his teaching brought crowds of students to his daily demonstrations' (ibid, p.857).

He was also at this time clinical assistant to the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital.

Treves was in charge of the practical teaching of anatomy from 1881-1884. During this period he produced one of many successful textbooks, Surgical Applied Anatomy (1883). In 1884 Treves, at the age of thirty-one, became full surgeon at the London Hospital. Later in this year he met Joseph Merrick, known as the 'Elephant Man', who became Treves' greatest pathologicalsuccess'', despite his inability to diagnose his condition (Trombley, 1989, p.36). Treves ultimately `rescued' Merrick from destitution, creating a home for him the attic of the London Hospital, until his death in 1890. Also in 1884, and for almost the next ten years, he became lecturer on anatomy, during which period he edited A Manual of Surgery (3 vols, 1886), A Manual of Operative Surgery (1891), and The Student's Handbook of Surgical Operations (1892). He gave this post up in 1893 to teach operative surgery, which he did for one year until he was appointed lecturer in surgery, 1894-1897. He edited A System of Surgery (2 vols, 1895), which, as with all his publications, offered a lively, clear style supported by many practical observations.

Treves also acquired renown as an investigator. His research into scrofula, instigated during his early experience in Margate, led to the publication of his research, Scrofula and its Gland Diseases (1882). He also became interested in the abdomen, at that time a field of advance in surgery. He made a survey of the anatomy of the abdomen, and in 1883 the Royal College of Surgeons awarded him the Jacksonian prize for his dissertation, Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstruction of the Intestine (1884). (This was later revised as Intestinal Obstruction, its Varieties with their Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment (1899).) His best original work however is considered to be his Hunterian lectures, delivered to the Royal College of Surgeons, on The Anatomy of the Intestinal Canal and Peritoneum (1885). Treves was one of the first surgeons to devote special attention to diseases of the appendix. With regard to appendicitis (then known as perityphlitis), he became convinced that it was the appendix and not the caecum, as had originally been believed, that was the site of the disease. He did great service to the advance of English surgery by advocating operative treatment for appendicitis, and was the first to advise that in chronic cases operating should be delayed until a quiescent interval had passed.

During these years Treves built up a reputation as a leading surgeon. It has been said that he was a man of many-sided genius and widely varied achievement' (JRSM, 1992, p.565). His consulting room at No. 6 Wimpole Street becameone of the best known in England' (DNB, 1937, p.857). Indeed so extensive had it become by 1898 that he resigned his post as surgeon at the London Hospital, where for twenty years he had played an important role in the management of the medical school, and had been, for most of that time, a member of the College Board.

In 1899, on the outbreak of the Boer War, he was called to serve as consulting surgeon to the field forces. The following year he published an account of his experiences, in charge of No. 4 Field Hospital and being present at the relief of Ladysmith, in his Tale of a Field Hospital (1900). He was subsequently a member of the committee established to report on the re-organsiation of the Army Medical Service, after charges had been made in the public arena about the inadequate care of the sick and wounded during the early months of the War. His personal experiences contributed greatly to the recommendations made and accepted.

Upon his return to England from South Africa in 1900 he was appointed surgeon extraordinary to Queen Victoria. He was made CB and KCVO in 1901, and was subsequently awarded the GCVO in 1905. The summer of 1902 saw Treves' fame spread suddenly across the world when, on 24 June 1902, two days before his coronation, King Edward VII became acutely ill with perityphlitis. After consultation with Lord Lister and Sir Thomas Smith, Treves operated on the King, who made a good recovery and was crowned on 9 August. Treves was created a baronet in the same year. He was later made sergeant-surgeon to King George V in 1910, as he had been to King Edward VII.

After his retirement from professional work in 1908, Treves occupied himself as a member of the Territorial Forces Advisory Council, as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the British Red Cross Society, and as a member of the London Territorial Forces Association. He was an honorary colonel in the Royal Army Medical Corps Wessex Division and an honorary staff surgeon to the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. He also served as an examiner in anatomy or surgery for several years at the Royal College of Surgeons, and at the universities of Cambridge, Aberdeen and Durham. He received several honorary degrees, and was elected to the Rectorship of Aberdeen University, 1905-1908. He was also, throughout his life, a keen athlete and an accomplished sailor, holding his Master Mariner's ticket.

Treves was furthermore a successful travel writer, and wrote a series of books based on his travels and adventures. The Other Side of the Lantern (1905) was based on a tour around the world during 1903-4, undertaken with his wife. He wrote a guide to his native county, Highways and Byways of Dorset (1906). A voyage to the West Indies supplied the material for The Cradle of the Deep (1908), as did a trip to Uganda for Uganda for a Holiday (1910). He wrote about his experiences of Palestine in The Land that is Desolate (1912). He also went to Italy to investigate the topography of Robert Browning's The Ring and the Book, which provided the basis for The Country of `The Ring and the Book' (1913).

During the First World War Treves served at the War Office as President of the Headquarters Medical Board. At the end of the War his health made it advisable for him to live abroad. Upon his retirement Treves had been granted by King Edward VII the use of Thatched House Lodge, Richmond Park. In 1920 however he moved first to the South of France, and then to Vevey, on Lake Geneva. His experiences of this period were expressed in his publications, The Riviera of the Corniche Road (1921) and the Lake of Geneva (1922). Treves' last book was devoted to recollections of his medical experiences and was entitled The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences (1923). He had written a manuscript of his autobiography, however, having had second thoughts about its publication, ensured that it was eventually destroyed.

Treves died on 7 December 1923 at his home in Vevey, Switzerland, after a few days illness. He died of peritonitis, ironically the disease in which he was the expert. His ashes were buried in Dorchester Cemetery, at a service arranged by his lifelong friend Thomas Hardy, author and poet. He had had two daughters; the elder survived him, the younger having died of acute appendicitis in 1900.

Publications:
Scrofula and its Gland Diseases (London, 1882)
Surgical Applied Anatomy (London, 1883)
Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstruction of the Intestine (London, 1884) (later revised and published as Intestinal Obstruction, its Varieties with their Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment (1899).)
The Anatomy of the Intestinal Canal and Peritoneum (London, 1885)
A Manual of Surgery (3 vols, 1886)
A Manual of Operative Surgery (1891)
The Student's Handbook of Surgical Operations (London, 1892)
A System of Surgery (edited by Treves) (2 vols, 1895)
Tale of a Field Hospital (London, 1900)
Highways and Byways of Dorset (1906)
The Cradle of the Deep (1908)
Uganda for a Holiday (1910)
The Land that is Desolate (1912)
The Country of `The Ring and the Book' (1913)
The Riviera of the Corniche Road (1921)
Lake of Geneva (1922)
The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences (1923)

Publications by others about Treves:
Sir Frederick Treves: The Extra-Ordinary Edwardian, Stephen Trombley (London, 1989)

Born, Dorchester, Dorset, 1853; educated at the school of William Barnes, 1860-1864; Merchant Taylor's School, London, 1864-1871; medical student, London Hospital, 1871-1875; Member, 1875, Fellow, 1878, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1875; House Surgeon, London Hospital; Resident Medical Officer, Royal National Hospital for Scrofula, Margate, 1876; private practice in Derbyshire, 1877-1879; Assistant Surgeon, London Hospital, 1879; Demonstrator of Anatomy, London Hospital Medical School, 1881-1884; continued his research into scrofula and began his researches on the anatomy of the abdomen; Surgeon and Lecturer on Anatomy, London Hospital, 1884-1898; Hunterian Professor of Anatomy, 1885; Lecturer on Surgery, London Hospital Medical School, 1894-1897; Consulting Surgeon, British Forces in South Africa, 1899-1900; Surgeon Extraordinary, 1900; Knighted, 1901; operated on the Prince of Wales, later Edward VII, 1902; created baronet, 1902; President, War Office Medical Board, 1914-1918; died, 1923.
Publications include: The Dress of the period, in its relations to health (Allman & Son, London, [1882]); Scrofula and its gland diseases (Smith, Elder & Co, London, 1882); Surgical Applied Anatomy (1883); Intestinal Obstructions (1884); The anatomy of the intestinal canal and peritoneum in man (H K Lewis, London, 1885); The Influence of Dress on health (Cassell & Co, London, [1886]); A German-English Dictionary of Medical Terms with Hugo Lang (J & A Churchill, London, 1890); A Manual of Operative Surgery (Cassell & Co, London, 1891); The Student's Handbook of Surgical Operations (Cassell & Co, London, 1892); The Abdominal Viscera (1893); A System of Surgery Editor 2 vol (Cassell & Co, London, 1895, 96); Perityphlitis and its varieties (Macmillan & Co, London, 1897); Intestinal Obstruction. Its varieties with their pathology, diagnosis, and treatment New and revised edition (Cassell & Co, London, 1899); The Tale of a Field Hospital [following the Ladysmith Relif Column in the South African War] (Cassell and Co, London, 1900); Alcohol: a poison (Church of England Temperance Society, Westminster, [1905]); Highways and Byways in Dorset (Macmillan & Co, London, 1906); The Cradle of the Deep: an account of a voyage to the West Indies (Smith, Elder & Co, London, 1908); The Influence of Enforced Dogmatism in Medicine [Birmingham, 1914]; The Elephant Man, and other reminiscences (Cassell & Co, London, 1923).

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

The manor of Yeoveney was presumably included in Edward the Confessor's grant of Staines to Westminster Abbey. Between 1087 and 1100 the land of Yeoveney was referred to as pasture belonging to Staines: this may indicate that it was then an uncultivated appurtenance of the parent manor, rather than a berewick, though it is possible that the pasture referred to was the adjacent moor, which seems to have been regarded as part of Yeoveney manor in the 14th century. In any case, Yeoveney had become a manor by the 13th century, and had about 200-300 acres of demesne, lying to the east of Staines Moor. In 1758 there were only five copyholders, holding less than 20 acres between them, and the manorial rights lapsed soon afterwards. The demesne lands comprised between 365 and 400 acres from the 17th to the 19th centuries.

Yeoveney formed part of the abbot's demesnes. It was leased continually from 1363, except for part of 1376 and possibly for other short periods before the mid-15th century. Leases for terms of years were replaced in the 17th century by leases for three lives, frequently renewed, which remained the rule until the abbey gave up the property. From the 16th to the 19th century the rent remained virtually constant at about £25. In 1494-6 and 1522 Robert Durdant was lessee. (Nicholas Durdant (d. 1538) was in possession in 1525 and was succeeded by his son Andrew. The abbey tried to oust Andrew or his son in 1587, but Andrew Durdant, grandson of the earlier Andrew, was in possession by 1610. His widow, then in occupation of the estate, secured the freehold in 1649. After the Restoration Charles Durdant was made to surrender his lease, and in 1665 one was granted to William Dolben (d. 1694), later a justice of King's Bench and brother of the then Dean of Westminster. William was succeeded by Sir Gilbert Dolben, Bt., the Dean's son. His grandson Sir William Dolben sold the lease in 1775 to William Gyll of Wraysbury (Bucks.), whose descendants were lessees when the manor was transferred to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

The Durdant family lived at Yeoveney, but the later lessees sublet the farm. No one family appears to have held the sub-tenancy for a long period. In 1881 the Ecclesiastical Commissioners sold their reversionary interest to Henry Fladgate, who was then in occupation of the farm. Since then it has passed to the county council, and in 1957 their tenants, Greenwood Bros., farmed 150 acres, including the land which had earlier in the century been used as a rifle range.

There is no evidence that the manorial buildings have ever stood elsewhere than at the present Yeoveney Farm. In the 14th century the buildings included a hall and gatehouse as well as two granges, a byre, a cowhouse, and other farm buildings. The house was rebuilt in the first half of the 18th century. It is L-shaped and has two rather high stories of red brick with a tiled roof. The main front has a slightly projecting centre bay with a pediment, between two narrow bays on each side. The large timber-framed barns to the north, which are now (1957) covered with corrugated iron, probably date from the 17th century.

From: 'Staines: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 18-20.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Downham Road runs from Kingsland Road and crosses Southgate Road before ending in a cul-de-sac.

An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).