Mostrando 15888 resultados

James Capel and Company are stockbrokers of Winchester House, 100 Old Broad Street. The company was previously based at 31 Throgmorton Street (1897-1901); 7, 9 and 11 Moorgate (1902-1926); 10 Old Broad Street (1927-1958) and 1 London Wall Buildings (1959-1965).

The Company originated as Antrobus and Wood, 1799-1816; then was known as Thomas Brown and Co., 1816-1822, and afterwards Marjoribanks, Capel and Co., 1822-1837, of 2 North Piazza, Royal Exchange to 1824 and then 5 Throgmorton Street. In 1837 the name changed again to James Capel, Norbury, Trotter and Company, which it was called until 1864, and was based at 5 Throgmorton Street, to 1896, and 9 Throgmorton Street, 1843-1850 only.

Cruikshank and Company, a firm of stockbrokers, was formed in 1929. In 1936 its partners consisted of RG Cruikshank, J C Bonnar, ACH Bull, and VS Butler. They were based at Pinners Hall, Austin Friars. In 1946 the firm merged with James Capel and Company.

This company began trading as wine and spirit merchants, spirit distillers, and isinglass manufacturers and rectifiers, specialising later on in the manufacture of isinglass and wine filtration aids. The company began trading in 1841 from 11 Mark Lane. By 1842 it had moved to premises at 6 Devonshire Square which housed a distillery, a warehouse and one of the family homes. The family remained there until 1940. The company then moved to Coggeshall, Essex. The company also had premises at 23 Little Britain, 1851-79, and 74 Aldersgate Street, 1856-80. James Vickers appears to have been a substantial City business man. In addition to his business premises, he also owned or rented the following private addresses: 52 Parliament Street, Westminster; 41 Holland Park; and Woodlands, Tooting

James Vickers and his brother Edward were partners between circa 1841 and 1863 when the partnership was legally dissolved. Upon James Vickers' death (30 April 1877), Edward Vickers was once more actively involved with the company for a short time, primarily with the premises at 74 Aldersgate Street. Some of the Vickers papers are family and household papers relating to the division of James Vickers' estate and the provisions he had made for his children. His widow, Mrs Frances Vickers, became a partner with John Watney and oversaw the company as executors of James Vickers' estate until October 1887 when their partnership was legally dissolved. In 1887 John Watney retired from his position in favour of S.F. Vickers.

Incorporated in Bermuda on 30 January 1957 as an open-ended Investment Company.

Investment Department of Kleinwort Sons and Company Limited had a contract with Signet Fund (Bermunda) Limited, an open end fund managed by Bank of Bermuda, mainly for UK residents to invest in the USA and Canada. Kleinwort Benson Limited and later Kleinwort Benson Investment Management Limited acted as their investment advisor.

A subsidiary of Rood Lane Properties Limited, engaged in the business of letting office accommodation at 13 Rood Lane, City of London.

The company has its origins in the formation of Lambert, Ridley and Company, coal factors and ship and insurance brokers in 1845. By 1869 the name had changed to Lambert Brothers and Scott, with a head office at 85, Gracechurch Street, London. The company expanded and moved into other areas of business including: the merchanting and exporting of coal; ownership of carrying vessels; insurance of ship and cargo and purchase and sale of ships.

Newton Dunn joined the company in 1876, became a partner in 1892, and the first chairman of Lambert Brothers Limited in 1902. The newly formed public company continued as coal depot proprietors, coal exporters, foreign coaling agents, and shipowners and ship and insurance brokers. Coal remained the mainstream of the business, but the company moved increasingly to more diverse areas, like ship and aircraft brokering. Later years saw the expansion of overseas business, notably with the installation of a subsidiary, Ybarrola Depositos de Aceite Combustible S.A., at Bilboa to meet bunkering and agency needs of ships involved in the export of iron ore.

Lambert Brothers Limited was bought by Hill Samuel in 1968, who were in turn acquired by TSB Group Plc. In May 1992 the shipping business was purchased by Inchcape Group, although the company is still owned by TSB and called Endeavour Marine Services.

The firm was established by six lawyers in 1836 as Legal and General Life Assurance Society with offices at 10 Fleet Street, City of London. It changed its name to Legal and General Assurance Society in 1919. Its head office moved to Temple Court, Queen Victoria Street in 1962. The company initially dealt with life assurance business, but grew to become a major financial services company also providing pensions, investments and general insurance plans.

Glanfield Securities Limited was founded in 1853 as G Glanfield and Son, clothiers. The company was incorporated in 1916 and was taken over by Legal and General, circa 1960.

The Company had several addresses: 32 Dempsey Street, Stepney (1852-5), 247 Bethnal Green Road (1855-89), Eldon Street (1889-90), 462 Bethnal Green Road (1890-1908), 1,3,5 Brick Lane (1908-40), Harrow (1941-3), Benfleet (1943-56) and Leeds.

The Levant Company was founded in 1581 to regulate trade between England and Turkey.

This company of Africa merchants had premises at 5 New City Chambers, Bishopsgate. It was associated with River Gambia Trading Company Limited and William Goddard and Company.

The first recorded meeting of the Liverpool Independent Legal Victoria Burial Society took place on 3 March 1843. From as early as 1845, the Society did not confine its activities to the city of Liverpool, and in 1845 collectors were established in Runcorn, Chester, Warrington, Ormskirk and Northwich. By 1863, its operations had extended to Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and in England as far north as Newcastle and as far west as Plymouth, with outposts in London. Prior to the Friendly Societies Act of 1875, the society was governed by a committee of management (general committee) and a sub-committee. The decisions of the sub-committee, which met weekly, were ratified at the quarterly meetings of the management committee. From 1875, Liverpool Victoria was governed by a single body called the committee of management or general committee which consisted of two officers, eight district managers or agents and ten employees. In 1906 it was proposed that the society should be converted to a limited liability company. This move was opposed by some members, who formed a Members' Defence Committee, and published a number of anti-conversion leaflets. The dispute was put to external arbitration, which decided that although the conversion could not take place, the society could form a subsidiary to promote its interests. As a result, the Liverpool Victoria Insurance Corporation was established in 1907.

Under the National Insurance Act of 1911 a system of compulsory health insurance for the working-class was established, to be administered by "approved societies". In 1912 the Liverpool Victoria Approved Society was constituted. By the end of that year it had over 350,000 members and later became one of the largest and most successful of the Approved Societies. Between 1843 and 1861 the society was known variably as the Liverpool Victoria Burial Society, Victoria Legal Burial Society or Liverpool Victoria Legal Burial Society. From about 1861, it was called the Liverpool Victoria Legal Friendly Society. In 1918 the name was changed to the Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society.

The society was based in Liverpool at 37 Blake Street (1843-51), 49 Great Newton Street (1851-67), 32 Great Newton Street (1868), 23 Islington (1870-80) and 144 Islington (1881-5). In 1885 the society moved its chief office to London and was based at 18 St Andrew Street (1885-1926), "Victoria House", Southampton Row (1926-97). In around 1998 the chief office was moved to County Gates in Bournemouth.

In the late seventeenth century, Edward Lloyd opened a coffee house in Tower Street, and later Lombard Street, where merchants and bankers were accustomed to meet to write insurance on ships and cargoes. In 1769, a group of such underwriters, who wished to distance themselves from a reputation for speculation, set up a New Lloyd's coffee house, at 5 Pope's Head Alley. Lloyd's first took on a collective identity when, two years later, the underwriters paid a subscription and elected a Committee, with the intention of establishing themselves in more suitable quarters and regulating the conduct of their business.

Lloyd's was governed by the Committee according to a constitution defined by a trust deed of 1811 and redefined by an Act of Parliament of 1871, which incorporated Lloyd's, and later Acts of 1888, 1911, 1925 and 1951. The management structure was revised under the terms of the Lloyd's Act of 1982 which established the Council of Lloyd's as the new governing body with powers to regulate the business of insurance at Lloyd's. The Committee of Lloyd's continued in existence with reduced powers.

Lloyd's remains a market for marine insurance, although, in the twentieth century, its business has expanded into other areas of insurance. Lloyd's was established at the Royal Exchange in 1774, and remained there until 1928, with only a brief interruption between the years 1838-44, following a fire. From 1928, Lloyd's occupied a site on the corner of Lime Street and Leadenhall Street; subsequently opening a new building, on the other side of Lime Street, in 1957, and another new building, on the original site, in 1986.

The London Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1882. There had been various previous attempts in 1823-4 and in the 1860s-1870s to establish a similar body which had met with hostility from the City. An organising committee was set up by the Lord Mayor in January 1881. It applied for incorporation under the Companies Act and had its first general meeting on 25 January 1882. From its foundation, the Chamber published the Chamber of Commerce Journal (copies are held by Guildhall Library Printed Books Section 1882-1961) which became accepted as a mouthpiece for the British business community. Within two years of its formation, the London Chamber was the largest in the UK and had been given prominence in the Association of British Chambers of Commerce. By 1892 it had a membership of over 3000. The Chamber's role was to develop international trade and represent the interests of the London trading community, a community which was intended to encompass all of the metropolis of London, not just the City of London. It also assisted members in resolving more day to day trading concerns.

The Chamber's name changed in 1971 to the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry, to reflect the growing industrial membership. The records have been catalogued as records of the London Chamber of Commerce as this was the name used for most of the organisation's existence. The Printed Books Section holds many printed items under the present name.

According to Steven R B Smith's article on the early years of the Chamber, "The Centenary of the London Chamber of Commerce: its origins and early policy" in London Journal 8 (2) Winter 1982, pp.156-70, the London Chamber of Commerce advocated the consolidation of colonial markets and the expansion of the British empire with the active help of the British government. The early years of the Chamber are also covered by Charles E Musgrave The London Chamber of Commerce from 1881 to 1914, published in 1914.

The London Chamber of Commerce's offices were at 26 Nicholas Lane EC4 1881-2; King William Street EC4 1882-6; Botolph House, 10 and 12 Eastcheap EC3 1887-1903; 1-3 Oxford Court, Cannon Street EC4 1903-34; 69-75 Cannon Street EC4 1935-92 and 33 Queen Street EC4 1992 to date.

The inland section of the Federation of British Wholesale Fish Merchants' Associations was formed in 1936 to represent the concerns of inland wholesalers. It resigned from the federation in 1938 over differences with the coastal section.

London Wholesale Fish Trade (Billingsgate) Limited was a trading company formed in 1946 at the incorporation of the London Fish Trade Association (see CLC/B/151-04). The new company was established to deal in, export/import and act as broker and agent for fish. It also took over the various schemes formerly run by the association.

The company's offices were successively at 49-51 Eastcheap and 21 Mincing Lane.

The Longton and Fenton Permanent Benefit Building Society can probably be identified as the Longton Mutual Permanent Building Society listed in the trade directories of Staffordshire from 1872. It was based successively in Boardman's Buildings, Anchor Chambers (Market Street) and Commerce Street in Longton.

The National Society for the Exemption of Plant and Machinery from Rating was formed in 1887. It was succeeded in 1893 by the Machinery Users' Association which was incorporated in 1905. It was established to achieve reform in the system of rating of plant and machinery. With the Rating and Valuation Act of 1925 it achieved its main objective.

In 1905 the Association had widened its objectives to include all matters of interest to the owners and users of machinery, assisting its members in appeals against rating assessments. This led, in 1913, to the establishment of a surveying and rating department within the Association, whose services included revaluations and monitoring prospective legislation.

In 1981 MUA Property Services was established, offering advice to industry and commerce on property sales, rent reviews, valuations of land and buildings etc.

The Association had offices at Lawrence Pountney Hill (1887-94), Lawrence Pountney Lane (1895-1913), Lawrence Pountney Hill (1913-84), Chancery Lane (1985-9) and Saville House, Lindsey Street (1989-).

Active from the late 17th century, the Mocatta family went into partnership with the Goldsmids in 1779 in the businesses of banking and bullion broking and dealing. They have had London offices at Grigsby's Coffee House, Threadneedle Street; 61 Threadneedle Street; King's Arms Yard; Throgmorton Avenue; and Finsbury Circus.

Andrew Yule and Company of Calcutta and George Yule and Company of London were founded in the 1860s by Andrew and George Yule. The main business was the merchant house in Calcutta for which George Yule and Company acted as the London agency. In September 1911 George Yule and Company established a credit account with Morgan Grenfell and Company and the link between the businesses was further established in 1916 when Sir David Yule proposed that Morgan Grenfell and Company take over both Andrew Yule and Company and George Yule and Company. Thomas Catto was approached to run the firms and in 1920 George Yule and Company became Yule, Catto and Company Limited. Andrew Yule and Company also became Andrew Yule and Company Limited. Morgan Grenfell and Company held shares in Yule, Catto and Company Limited until 1934 when they were sold to individual partners in Morgan Grenfell and Company.

The company had various City addresses: 8 Leadenhall Street 1871; 81 & 82 Palmerston Buildings, 9 Bishopsgate 1872-88; 19 Great Winchester Street 1889-1907; Finsbury House, Blomfield Square 1908-30; and 7 Great Winchester House 1931-6.

James Morrison and John Cryder were London-American and general merchants. The company was later known [from about the mid-1840s?] as Morrison, Sons and Company. It had London offices successively at 9 Broad Street Buildings and 62 Moorgate.

The National Life Assurance Society was formed at a meeting of prospective shareholders on 31 December 1829, and became a mutual in 1847. It established agencies internationally, as well as acquiring many from the takeover of the Whittington in 1894. It premises were at 2 King William Street. Whittington Life Assurance Company was taken over by the National Life Assurance Society in 1894 after 3 years of negotiations.

The Mutual Life Assurance Society was founded in 1834 by the brothers James and William Burchell, and originally based at 37 Old Jewry. In 1848 it moved to 39 King Street, and expanded into no. 38 in 1859, new premises being built on the site.

The National Mutual Life Assurance Society was established by the merger of the National and the Mutual Life Assurance Societies in 1896, and was based at the Mutual's offices at 39 King Street (rebuilt in 1936) until its move to larger premises at Bow Churchyard in 1960.

From 1921-38 its chairman was the economist John Maynard Keynes, some of whose papers survive in the collection (his speeches to the AGM, which became City events, have been published in the Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, vol.XII, ed D Moggridge, London 1981; they were also reproduced in The Times). During World War II the head office was located at Stanmore. The firm was taken over by General Electric in 2002.

The Mutual Life Assurance Society was founded in 1834 by the brothers James and William Burchell, and originally based at 37 Old Jewry. In 1848 it moved to 39 King Street, and expanded into no. 38 in 1859, new premises being built on the site. The Mutual merged with the National Life Assurance Society in 1896 to form the National Mutual Life Assurance Society.

Under the National Health Insurance Act, 1911, certain groups of the working population, mainly manual and lower paid workers, could obtain free general practitioner medical services by virtue of their contributions to the scheme. The 'panel' system was operated by local insurance committees (in this case, for the County of London) who also provided pharmaceutical services for the contributors. In the complicated system of 'approved' societies, some contributors qualified for additional benefits of free or reduced cost dentistry or ophthalmic services. The Insurance Committee for the County of London had representatives from various interests such as insured persons, medical practitioners, local government and central government.

The Inner London Executive Council (ILEC) was constituted under the provisions of Section 31 of the National Health Service Act, 1946. The Act stipulated that an executive council should consist of 25 members, 8 appointed by the Local Health Authority for the area, 5 appointed by the Minister of Health, 7 appointed by the Local Medical Committee, 3 appointed by the local Dental Committtee and 2 appointed by the Local Pharmaceutical Committee.

The duties of the ILEC were to make arrangements for the provision of: personal medical services (including maternity services), proper and sufficient drugs, medicines and prescribed appliances to all persons receiving general medical services, general dental services, and supplementary ophthalmic services in the County of London.

The ILEC entered into contractual relations with medical practitioners and ophthalmic medical practitioners and opticians. Payment was made for the work carried out. There were a number of statutory committees: finance, allocation, medical services, pharmaceutical services, dental services, and joint services. Other committees were established to deal with ophthalmic services, obstetrics and general benefits (the last having most contact with medical practitoners).

The ILEC's main roles lay in acceptance and deletion of medical cards, together with the renumeration of general practitioners. Membership of ILEC was for a three year period; the Council included a Chairman and a Clerk.

The ILEC could nominate people to the Hospital Management Committee, it also acted in cooperation with Local Health Authorities over the establishment of Health Centres, and in consultation with the Local Medical Committee, the Local Dental Committee and the Local Pharmaceutical Committee. The Council met not less than once every three months, its meetings generally being open to the press and public, but closed for discussions of reports from service committees or if the Council elected to go into Committee.

The Committees acted as important bodies in the conduct of everyday business in specialist fields in a way in which the full Council could never function. The Allocation Committee dealt with lists of patients on practitioner's books. The Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutical Service Committees were disciplinary bodies for the professional services involved. The General Benefit Committee regulated the day to day problems in practice: entry into service, employment of assistants, surgery accommodation, leave of absence, variation of consultation place, use of drugs and advertising by pharmaceutical companies. The Obstetric Committee examined applications received from practitioners for recognition as having obstetric experience. Joint Committees between the professional services of between the ILEC and the Local Medical Committee could be set up to deal with matters such as vacancies or Fixed Annual payments (made to assist persons building up a practice).

The Executive Councils were abolished in 1974 and replaced by Family Practitioner Committees which were to provide administrative services for the independent contractors to the National Health Service.

F. Meacci was based at 53 Cale Street, Chelsea. He was a piece moulder and figure maker whose customers included Alfred Gilbert, celebrated sculptor of 'Eros' and other late Victorian sculptors including Edward Onslow Ford, George Cowell, Mary Grant and Thomas Essex. Records of his transactions with these sculptors can be found in this collection.

The author of this notebook remains anonymous. It was collected by Mrs M Barnes of Ewell.

The United Synagogue's Agency for Jewish Education (formerly the Board of Jewish Religious Education) provides a training and curriculum resource for Orthodox Jewish religious education in schools and synagogues. This includes teacher training programmes, publication of resource packs, training for school governors, liaising with the government, curriculum development through the Jewish Studies Curriculum Project and the National Jewish Curriculum, provision of Bnei Mitzvah study programmes, training synagogue children's programme leaders and running a Teaching and Learning Centre.

The aims of the London Board of Jewish Religious Education are to found, maintain, carry on and assist schools, institutes and organisations with the provision of Orthodox Jewish religious instruction for Jewish communities in the Greater London area.

In the mid-19th century the Jewish population in north-west London was increasing. In 1900 the first meetings of Brondesbury Synagogue were held, and by 1905 the synagogue had been constructed in Chevening Road. Its catchment area was Cricklewood, Willesden, Willesden Green and Brondesbury.

In 1923 a new synagogue, the Willesden Green and Cricklewood Synagogue, was opened on Walm Lane to ease overcrowding in the Brondesbury Synagogue. It became a constituent synagogue of the United Synagogue in 1931 and changed its name to Cricklewood Synagogue. For the records of this synagogue, see ACC/2712/CKS.

In 1926 the Harlesden Hebrew Congregation and Talmud Torah began to meet. They acquired a site for a building in 1933 and became a District Synagogue of the United Synagogue with the name Willesden District Synagogue. A hall was constructed on College Road.

Meanwhile, another group had been formed in the area, this one with an affiliation to the Federation of Synagogues. They were known as the Willesden Green Federation Synagogue, and in 1934 opened a synagogue in a converted house in Heathfield Park. In 1937 it was decided to expand the Synagogue building and a site on nearby Brondesbury Park was purchased. Unfortunately the Synagogue ran into financial difficulties, just at the same time as the Willesden District Synagogue was finding its hall too small. In 1939 the two Synagogues agreed to merge and use the larger Brondesbury Park site. They were to be known as Willesden Synagogue.

An Ohel Shem Congregation was founded in the area in 1945. It was closed in 1988 and the members joined Willesden Synagogue.

In 1974 the Brondesbury Synagogue closed and its members were dispersed between the Cricklewood and Willesden Synagogues. Willesden Synagogue then changed its name to Willesden and Brondesbury Synagogue.

In the 2000s the Synagogue changed its name again, to Brondesbury Synagogue; and then in 2007 changed to Brondesbury Park Synagogue.

See "History of the Willesden and Brondesbury Synagogue, 1934-1994" for more information (a copy can be found in file ACC/2712/BBS/02/041).

Borough Synagogue was situated at Vowler Street, Walworth Road, S.E. The synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1873. It amalgamated with Brixton Synagogue in 1961.

Brixton Synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1913. A new building was constructed in Effra Road in 1921. Borough Synagogue became a part of this synagogue in 1961. The Synagogue subsequently joined with others to form the new South London Synagogue in Leigham Court Road.

Cricklewood Synagogue was first established in a private house on Walm Lane, used for worship from 1928. It was initially known as the Willesden Green and Cricklewood Hebrew Congregation. In 1931 a synagogue was constructed next door to the house, and was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in the same year, changing its name to Cricklewood Synagogue. In 1989 the main synagogue building was sold and the congregation moved into a smaller hall. The Synagogue was closed in 2005.

Dunstable synagogue was admitted as an Affiliated member of the United Synagogue in 1940. It closed in 1955.

Edmonton and Tottenham Hebrew congregation began as meetings held at 53 Lansdowne Road. In 1934 a Victorian house at 41 Lansdowne Road was converted for worship. This synagogue was admitted as an Affiliated member of the United Synagogue in 1938. The building was enlarged in 1956, while a hall and annexe were built in 1964.

From: 'Tottenham: Judaism', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 364 (available online).

Finsbury Park Synagogue was founded as an independent synagogue in 1884. It was initially affilited with the Federation of Synagogues, before becoming a District Synagogue of the United Synagogue in 1934. The Synagogue was situated on Portland Road, then Princess Crescent, before moving to Green Lanes where it is still situated.

Gladstone Park and Neasden Federated Synagogue was linked to the Federation of Synagogues until 1936, when it joined forces with Dollis Hill Synagogue and as a result became affiliated to the United Synagogue. The name of the Gladstone Park Synagogue was discontinued and the united congregation were known as the Dollis Hill Synagogue. Dollis Hill became a District Synagogue in 1937 and a Constituent Synagogue in 1946.

The Great Synagogue was founded in 1690, and was situated on Duke's Place, near Aldgate in the City of London. The Synagogue was the first in England built for Ashkenazi Jews and for many years it was the centre of Ashkenazi life in London. It was one of the original five synagogues which grouped together to form the United Synagogue in 1870. The Hambro Synagogue was incorporated into it in 1936. Chief Rabbi Nathan Adler was the rabbi there 1845-1890, succeeded by his son Chief Rabbi Hermann Adler, 1890-1911. The synagogue was destroyed by enemy action in 1941.

This synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1890. It was situated at Brook Green and was also known as the Hammersmith and West Kensington Synagogue.

Joel Emmanuel instituted a charity to provide almshouses for the Jewish poor, and bequeathed many properties to this end, in Shoreditch, Bermondsey and elsewhere. The charity was established in 1840.

The Jewish Friendship Club Movement began in 1950, after the United Synagogue's Welfare Committee invited the League of Jewish Women to act as an advisory body to the new movement. It remains under the auspices of these two bodies. Its aim was to provide elderly Jewish men and women (who were over 60 years of age), with social and recreational centres. From 1951 the movement became known as the Friendship Clubs' Central Committee. Its first chairman was Mrs MW Domb. Its name was changed again to the Friendship Clubs' Central Council in 1958, and attained its final title, the Association of Jewish Friendship Clubs, around 1964.

The Palmers Green and Southgate Synagogue originated in meetings held in private houses from the 1920s onwards, at which time it was known as the Palmers Green Hebrew Congregation. The community became affiliated with the United Synagogue in 1934, while a permanent synagogue was constructed in 1936, and was known as Palmers Green and Southgate District Synagogue. The building was badly damaged in 1944 but was rebuilt in 1947.

The Russian Jews Committee was set up by the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association in 1881. Its aim was to consider and adopt measures for ameliorating the condition of the Jews in Russia.

Founded 1911 in a private home, then moved to 277 Katherine Road, Forest Gate and then Tudor Road, Green Street. United with West Ham District Synagogue in 1972 to form West Ham and Upton Park Synagogue.

The Union of Synagogues was a predecessor to the United Synagogue, in that it was a union between the main City of London synagogues - the Great, New and Hambro synagogues. The alliance was formed in 1825.

The Wanstead and Woodford Synagogue is situated on Churchfields, South Woodford. This synagogue was admitted as an Affiliated member of the United Synagogue in 1947.

Isleworth Grammar School originated in a charity school founded in 1715 using a bequest from William Cave, vicar of Isleworth. It was known as the Blue School after the uniforms issued to the children. In 1896 it moved to St John's Road. The name changed to Isleworth Grammar School by 1958.

From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 133-137.

Jim Raisin was appointed Labour Party Agent for Hackney South in 1930 and became the agent for Lewisham East in 1933. From 1946 he was London District Organiser and from November 1958 he was Regional Organiser for the Northern home counties region (covering Hertfordshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire) until he retired in 1969. He died in March 1974, aged 70.

The Foundling Hospital was established by Royal Charter on 17 October 1739 by Thomas Coram as a refuge for abandoned, illegitimate children. The Hospital was laid in Lamb's Conduit Fields, Bloomsbury, an as yet undeveloped area beyond the city. Admission to the Hospital was initially restricted because of the lack of funds. Infants were to be less than two months old and in good health to qualify for entry, and admissions were made on a first come first served basis. Once a child had been accepted he or she was baptised and thereby given a new name. The child was then boarded out to a dry or wet nurse in the country. These nurses were mostly in the Home Counties but could be as far away as West Yorkshire or Shropshire. The nurses were monitored by voluntary inspectors. On reaching 3 years of age, the child was returned to the Hospital to receive basic schooling and he or she would remain there until apprenticed out to trades or service, or enlisted in the armed forces.

From 1760 a new system was adopted which involved mothers submitting written petitions to the Hospital which were then assessed by committee. This petition system formed the basis of all subsequent admissions to the Hospital and the survival of these petitions in the collection provides a valuable insight into the backgrounds and circumstances of the mothers.

Consultation of the Hospital records held at LMA (reference A/FH) reveals the story of Mary Green's admission. According to the petition document (A/FH/A/08/001/002/023) her mother, Ann Moore of 26 Salsbury Street, Bermondsey, was an unmarried 19 year old. She had been working as a housemaid at the house of Mr Morgan, a surgeon, where she was seduced by his assistant Thomas Parkin, who "talked of marriage but never promised her". Before the pregnancy was revealed Mr Morgan fired Parkin for "disorderly conduct" and his mounting debts; while Ann was made redundant along with all the other servants in an attempt to solve disagreements among the staff. She was given a good character reference and found a new position with Mrs Sarah Peacock. On the 14 September 1814 she was "delivered of a female child". The father could not be traced. Mrs Peacock sponsored her petition to the Foundling Hospital, describing her as honest, sober, obliging and clean.

The baby was admitted to the Hospital on 12 November 1814, aged 2 months, and given the name Mary Green (general register, A/FH/A/09/002/005). She was sent into the country to a wet nurse, and was confirmed in June 1829. Mary was apprenticed in December 1829 to merchant Louis Perrottet of No 4 North Crescent, Bedford Square, "to be instructed in household business" (apprenticeship register, A/FH/A/12/003/002). Jane Taunton, another foundling who was admitted only a few days before Mary was also apprenticed to Perrottet. Their apprenticeship indentures expired in September 1835.

The Central British Fund for World Jewish Relief was founded in the early months of 1933 by a group of Anglo-Jewish community leaders, in response to the appointment of Adolph Hitler as Chancellor of Germany on a platform of anti-Semitism. Among the founders were Antony de Rothschild, Leonard G. Montefiore and Otto Schiff.

The Fund has been through many name changes in its lifetime. It started out as the Central British Fund for German Jewry, then became part of the new Council for German Jewry in 1936 along with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and the American United Palestine Appeal. On the outbreak of World War Two in 1939 the Fund changed its name to the Central Council for Jewish Refugees, and in 1944 changed again to the Central British Fund for World Jewish Relief. After many years as the Central British Fund for World Jewish Relief, the organisation is now known as World Jewish Relief.

The Fund's mission, according to its Memorandum of Association, was "to relieve or assist Jewish refugees in any part of the world in such manner and on such terms and conditions (if any) as may be thought fit." In this work the fund was aided by various organisations, including the Jewish Refugees Committee (JRC) which was founded by Otto Schiff in 1933; the Children's Refugee Movement (established by the JRC and the Inter-Aid Committee); and the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad, which was established in 1943 and financed by the Central Council for Jewish Refugees (as the Central British Fund was then known).

Israel Brodie was born in Newcastle upon Tyne and was educated at Rutherford College, University College London, Jews College and Balliol College, Oxford. Between 1917 and 1919 Brodie served as a chaplain in France and Belgium. After the war he returned to Oxford and also worked as a chaplain and counsellor in the east end of London. He was ordained in 1923 and then moved to Australia to head the Jewish ecclesiastical court in Victoria. During his time there he visited all Jewish congregations on that continent.

Israel Brodie returned to England at the end of the 1930s to become a senior lecturer at Jews' College. He entered into military chaplaincy on the outbreak of war and served in France and the Middle East. For a short period after the war he served as Principal of Jews' College; in 1948 he succeeded Joseph Hertz as Chief Rabbi.

He was by temperament a more peaceable character than his predecessor. Israel Brodie was energetic in working to advance the cause of the new state of Israel and in efforts for the reconstruction of the remnants of European Jewry. Improvements in air travel meant that he was able to tour provincial and overseas communities and congregations frequently. He visited Israel many times and supported the foundation of the Bar-Ilan University where a chair was endowed in his honour. In 1957 Brodie convened a standing conference of European rabbis of which he long remained President.

Israel Brodie faced what was probably his greatest crisis in the 1960s. In 1962 he vetoed the return of Rabbi Dr. Louis Jacobs to be Minister of the New West End Synagogue. Dr. Jacobs, a notable scholar, had a few years earlier left that position in order to assume at the Chief Rabbi's invitation the post of tutor at Jews' College. Following differences connected with Jacobs' theological and doctrinal opinions (which he had made before his appointment to the College), he had retired from the College. The New West End Synagogue now defied Brodie and a majority confirmed Jacobs' re-appointment. A public debate about the powers of the Chief Rabbinate broke out. Finally, the Board of Management of the New West End Synagogue were dismissed by the Council of the United Synagogue; Jacobs and many of his followers broke away from the New West End Synagogue to form the independent New London Synagogue which became the nucleus of the Masorti movement in Britain.

Israel Brodie retired in 1965, the first Chief Rabbi to leave office by retirement. During retirement he was knighted and he died on the 13th of February 1979.

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".