No information could be found at the time of compilation.
Pierre Chirac was the most celebrated physician of his day; he obtained his MD at Montpellier in 1683, and by 1687 was Professor of Medicine. He was elected a Member of the Académie des Sciences in 1716, became head of the Jardin du Roi in 1718, and Physician to Louis XV in 1731.
Joseph Toulmin, born 8 January, 1772. He entered Guy's Hospital London as dresser under Mr Cline, May 1791, Married first Catherine Van Effen, in 1797. Catherine died 11 Mar 1803. Married secondly in 1804, Maria Sampson (1784-1853). Joseph practised surgery in Hackney. He died, 15 Nov 1847.
Frederick Justus Toulmin was the son of Joseph Toulmin and his first wife Catherin Van Effen, born 22 Dec 1798. Frederick was apprenticed to his father, and later educated at Guy's Hospital, London, obtaining MRCS 1825; LSA 1829; FRCS 1846. He practised at Upper Clapton and Thurloe Square. He married firstly Mary Anne Flower, 1827, who died in 1844. Married secondly Charlotte Elizabeth (Eliza) Lennox (1810-1869), in 1857. Frederick died on the 4 Feb 1883.
Francis Toulmin was born 14 Feb 1803, the son of Joseph Toulmin and his first wife Catherin Van Effen. He was also educated at Guy's Hospital London, obtaining MRCS 1827, FRCS 1847, LSA 1829. He practised in Hackney, and was surgeon to the Invalid Asylum, Stoke Newington. He married c 1834 Ann Elizabeth Stockdale (b 1807). Francis died 13 Mar 1884.
A K Totton was born in Surrey on 6 January 1892, and educated at Berkhamsted School. He studied at the Royal College of Science, London, attending lectures by Adam Sedgwick and E W MacBride, among others, and joined the staff of the British Museum (Natural History) in 1914. Totton served with distinction in the 1914-1918 war, being commissioned in 1915 and awarded the Military Cross the following year. He was severely wounded in 1916 and was invalided out of the army in 1918.
On his return to the Museum, Totton was given charge of the Coelenterate Section. Although he published on a number of coelenterate groups, it was the siphonophores which became his speciality. His first major work on the group was his Barrier Reef Expedition report (1932), to be followed by his Discovery Report on the siphonophores of the Indian Ocean (1954), and, the culmination of his work, the Synopsis of the Siphonophora (1965). Totton visited the West Indies on HMS Rodney in 1932, travelled to the Canary Islands with G O Mackie in 1955, and worked at the Villefranche Marine Station for a number of summers from 1949. Totton retired from the Museum in 1953, and was employed as an Associate until 1963. He continued his coelenterate researches until just before his death on 12 January 1973.
This school was founded mainly by the efforts of Mrs Priscilla Wakefield (a pioneer of the Savings Bank movement) and was originally known as the School of Industry. It was founded in 1792, in a building in the High Road, near Stoneley South. It was transferred to the new building in Somerset Road in 1863.
In its earlier years as a charity school about 40 girls were taught "reading, writing, knitting, sewing and a little arithmetic". Soon after its removal to Somerset Road 90 girls were taken, of whom thirty were clothed by the charity in the green clothing from which the school derived its name. On leaving school each girl received a guinea; at the end of each three years thereafter she received a further guinea if she had remained in the same employment - which was usually domestic service.
The charity was supported by voluntary subscriptions and aided by annual charity sermons. A small income was also derived from the girls' work. A schoolmistress was appointed by the subscribers and lived in the schoolhouse.
Tottenham Local Board of Health was originally established in 1831 to deal with a cholera outbreak but was disbanded in 1832. From 1850 a new board of health was set up under the Public Health Act of 1848. By 1860 it had taken over the work of lighting inspectors, highway surveyors and fire-fighting.
Originally formed in 1904, the Tottenham Hebrew Congregation, which moved to 336A High Road Tottenham N17 in 1911, was an Ashkenazi Orthodox synagogue affiliated with the Federation of Synagogues. In 2003 it was decided to close the synagogue owing to the dwindling demand and the dilapidated state of the building.
The Tottenham and District Gas Company was founded in 1847 as the Tottenham and Edmonton Gaslight and Coke Company. In 1914 it absorbed the Enfield Gas Company and became the Tottenham District Light, Heat and Power Company, and in 1928 it absorbed the Waltham and Cheshunt Gas Company, becoming the Tottenham and District Gas Company. Two years later the Ware Gas Company was absorbed, and in 1938 the Southgate and District Gas Company.
The Southgate and District Gas Company was formed in 1858 as the Southgate and Colney Hatch Gaslight and Coke Company. In 1866 it was re-incorporated as the Colney Hatch Gas Company, and in 1904 it became the Southgate and District Gas Company. It was finally taken over in 1938 by the Tottenham and District Gas Company.
In 1948 when the gas industry was nationalised the Tottenham and District Gas company came under the Eastern Area Gas Board which covered Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, the Isle of Ely, Norfolk, the Soke of Peterborough, Suffolk and parts of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire and Middlesex.
The Tottenham and District Gas Company was founded in 1847 as the Tottenham and Edmonton Gaslight and Coke Company. In 1914 it absorbed the Enfield Gas Company and became the Tottenham District Light, Heat and Power Company, and in 1928 it absorbed the Waltham and Cheshunt Gas Company, becoming the Tottenham and District Gas Company. Two years later the Ware Gas Company was absorbed, and in 1938 the Southgate and District Gas Company.
The Southgate and District Gas Company was formed in 1858 as the Southgate and Colney Hatch Gaslight and Coke Company. In 1866 it was re-incorporated as the Colney Hatch Gas Company, and in 1904 it became the Southgate and District Gas Company. It was finally taken over in 1938 by the Tottenham and District Gas Company.
In 1948 when the gas industry was nationalised the Tottenham and District Gas company came under the Eastern Area Gas Board which covered Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, the Isle of Ely, Norfolk, the Soke of Peterborough, Suffolk and parts of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire and Middlesex.
The "TOT Staff Magazine" (Train Omnibus Tram) was a magazine for the staff employed in transport companies.
In 1975 the pressure groups Pressure for Economic and Social Toryism (PEST), the Macleod Group, the Social Tory Action Group and the Manchester Tory Reform Group merged to form the Tory Reform Group.
The main aim of the Group is to encourage the Conservative Party to adopt centre-right, One Nation policies. It regularly publishes policy papers and issues a quarterly journal, The Reformer. It also organises events such as conferences, lectures, receptions and fringe meetings at Conservative Party Conferences.
The Group's President is Kenneth Clarke MP. Former Presidents were Nicholas Scott (1975-1980), Peter Walker (1980-1991) and David Hunt (1991-1997).
The Polish city of Torun is a port on the river Vistula. During 1655-1660 it was invaded by Swedish forces.
The brewery in Fleet Street, Torquay, was run by Matcham and Hussey until incorporated in 1865 as Torquay Brewing and Trading Company Limited. It was acquired by Plymouth Breweries (see ACC/2305/72) in 1897, and in liquidation the same year.
Born in Budapest, Hungary, 1875; educated in Hungary and Germany; worked for a time in a bank in Brussels; travelled and worked in equatorial Africa, 1900-1910; colonial administrative post at Lake Mweru in the south-east of Congo Free State, 1900-1904; employee of the Compagnie du Kasai, Belgian Congo; increasingly came to act as an agent of the British Museum; undertook ethnographic surveys of the people of the Kwango-Kwilu river basin and of the Kasai, formed comprehensive ethnographic collections, and created photographic and phonographic records; the centre point of Torday's ethnographic work was his engagement with the Kuba peoples; Torday was an excellent linguist who learned to speak fifteen languages, eight of them African; mounted his own expedition in the Belgian Congo, 1907; returned to Europe, 1909; awarded the Imperial gold medal for science and art by the Emperor of Austria, 1910; died, 1930.
Publications:
On the Trail of the Bushongo (1925)
Descriptive Sociology: African Races (1930)
Torch Publishing Co-op was set up by a group which included Eric Huntley, Colin Prescod, Faustin Charles and Sophie Fekarurho. The co-operative produced the Torch newspaper and also sold books via post and stalls at cultural events.
Aubrey Toppin was born in Twickenham in 1881. He worked initially at the Science and Art Museum, Dublin, 1901-1906, until he gained the post of First Assistant to the Keeper of Irish Antiqities at the National Museum of Ireland, 1906. In 1907, he was promoted to the position of Assistant Keeper of the Art and Antiquities Division, a position which he held until his retirement in 1923.
William Whiteman Carlton Topley was born in Lewisham in 1886; graduated BA at St John's College, Cambridge, 1907 and qualified MB B.Ch. from St Thomas's Hospital, 1911. By then he was already an Assistant Director of the Pathology Department at Charing Cross Hospital, London. Always keen on research, war-time experience of a severe epidemic of typhus in Serbia turned his mind to epidemiology, and in 1922 he was appointed Professor of Bacteriology in the University of Manchester.
By 1922, Topley was developing the study of experimental epidemiology, in which he came to rely on the statistical contributions of Major Greenwood. In 1927 both men were appointed to new chairs at the new London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Their collaboration and friendship continued throughout their time at the School, until the threat of war catapulted Topley into organising the Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service (EPHLS). With his younger friend and associate, Graham Wilson, Topley published in 1929 the first of many editions of their classic text, Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity. In 1941 he took over as Secretary to the Agricultural Research Council. War-time stress and a family history of coronary disease caused his sudden death in February 1944, 2 days after his 58th birthday.
Top Star Taverns Limited was incorporated in 1970. Whitbread Flowers Limited was the major shareholder (51%) with the remaining shares being held by Tuckwell Inns Limited, Leicester. Tuckwell were responsible for the management of the public houses the Company owned.
These houses included: Lemon and Parker, Gloucester Travellers Rest, Ross-on-Wye Lady Godiva, Coventry Bear and Ragged Staff, Kenilworth The Cuty Arms, Earlsden The Anchor Tavern, Stratford-on-Avon Grove House, Swindon The Swinging Plaice, Gloucester and The Kings Head, Hereford.
In February 1973 Whitbread Flowers Limited purchased the remaining shares from Tuckwell Inns Limited as part of the reorganisation of the retail operations of the Western Region of Whitbread and Company Limited. Top Star Taverns Limited ceased trade from this point. The Company entered liquidation in March 1974 (liqudator: Alec E Baldwin of Whitbread Flowers Limited), held its final meeting in December 1974 and was officially dissolved on 18 March 1975.
Tooting Bec Asylum was established in 1903 by the Metropolitan Asylums Board. It was built to relieve pressure on Leavesden and Caterham Asylums which had resulted in adults being admitted to Darenth Schools. The location was specifically intended for older patients to be nearer family and friends. The first phase, which accommodated about 1,000 patients, was followed by a second phase of an extra 900 beds which eventually opened in 1925. After 1930 the LCC ran the hospital until 1948 and the establishment of the National Health Service. The Hospital was closed in July 1995. The service and additional records were later inherited by the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust (as of 2005).
John Horne Tooke was born John Horne in 1736, the son of a successful poulterer. He was ordained a clergyman but also studied law and medicine. In 1764 he became a supporter of radical politician John Wilkes, anonymously publishing a pamphlet, The Petition of an Englishman, which defended Wilkes and criticised the government, particularly Lord Bute. He later met Wilkes in Paris where the latter had fled to escape prosecution.
In 1768 Horne became an enthusiastic campaigner for Wilkes who was standing for the Middlesex seat in the general elections. He hired two inns for use of Wilkes's supporters and travelled all over the constituency giving rousing speeches, using the motto "Wilkes and Liberty". Wilkes won the election but was arrested on outstanding charges and imprisoned. He was subsequently barred from taking up his seat in Parliament. Horne threw himself into pro-Wilkes activism. In 1769 he founded the Society of Gentleman Supporters of the Bill of Rights which aimed to defend the constitutional rights of the people, and to raise money to assist Wilkes. Horne also published on wider issues of political liberty and justice. In 1770-71, however, he had a dispute with Wilkes over finances and split away from the Gentleman Supporters, forming the Constitutional Society.
In 1773-74 Horne assisted his friend William Tooke in a property dispute. Tooke was grateful and giving Horne gifts and promising him an inheritance. In 1775 Horne raised money to assist Americans injured by British troops, publishing an annoucement that the Americans were "murdered by the King's troops". As a result Horne was arrested for libel and imprisoned in King's Bench for a year. In 1782 Horne added the name Tooke to his own, as an indication that he would be William Tooke's heir. In the 1780s Horne Tooke continued to actively campaign for political reform as a member of reform groups and as an author. In 1786 he published Epea Pteroenta, or, The Diversions of Purley, a philological study which attempted to democratize language.
In 1791-94 Horne Tooke's reform activities, in light of the French Revolution, were considered increasingly dangerous by the government, and his mail was opened by the authorities. In 1794 he was arrested on suspicion of planning an insurrection, placed in the Tower and tried for high treason. He was found not guilty.
The Dictionary of National Biography notes that in the general election of 1796 Horne Tooke "showed some renewed passion for politics, when he stood for Westminster against Fox and Sir Alan Gardner. He campaigned against war, taxation, economic depression, and repressive legislation, and held himself out to the electorate as a political martyr". He was not successful, although in 1801 he was given the pocket borough of Old Sarum by his friend Lord Camelford, finding it ironic that a reformer should get to Parliament using a rotten borough. After 1802, however, ill-health caused him to enter semi-retirement and he died in 1812.
Source: Michael T. Davis, 'Tooke, John Horne (1736-1812)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27545, accessed 9 March 2011].
Jonathan Toogood was a surgeon, a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and one of the founders of the Bridgewater Infirmary in 1813. He retired to Torquay in the 1860s and died in 1869.
Publications include: Hints to Mothers and other persons interested in the management of females at the age of puberty (London, 1845); Illustrations of the Fraud and Folly of Homeopathy (London, 1848); Medical Toogoodism and Homeopathy. Extracted from the British Journal of Homeopathy (London, 1849); Reminiscences of a Medical Life, with cases and practical illustrations (Taunton, 1853).
The Duc de Clermont-Tonnerre, as he became in 1815, served under Napoleon after attending courses at the Polytechnique. He was head of the Ministère de la Marine from 1821 to 1824, and then of the Ministère de la Guerre until 1828. He retired from public life in 1830, after Louis Philippe had become King of France.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
The Carnival Resource has been collected by Ruth Tompsett, Principal Lecturer, for use by students studying Carnival on the BA in Performing Arts at Middlesex University.
Tommasini was Professor of Physiology and Pathology at Parma University from 1794 to 1816 (see A. Cazzaniga, Le grande crisi della medicina italiana, 1951, Cap. 6).
Born 1845; education at St Peter's School, York, and Christ Church, Oxford; Demonstrator and Lecturer in Natural Philosophy at King's College London, 1870-1894; Principal of the South-Western Polytechnic, Chelsea, 1894-1904; died, 1931. Publications: numerous papers and articles published in learned journals including the Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society and the Philosophical Magazine.
John Newton Tomkins was a medical student at St Thomas's Hospital in 1831-1834.
Born, [1900]; educated, University College and University Hospital, 1928; retirement general practice in Exeter, 1931; served as a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Royal Army Medical Corps, 1939-1945; invented two devices, designed to make nursing easier: the Exeter Nursing Aid and the Exeter Commode; died, 1977.
Born, 1919, Ireland; grew up on the Stansted Park estate in Sussex where her father was head gardener; educated at King's College London where she studied journalism, [1938-1939]; landgirl at Bosham in Sussex during the early stages of World War Two; reporter in Portsmouth, 1942-1945; joined the BBC after the War; published numerous novels, poetry, children's books and semi-autobiographical books on subjects including horticulture and country life; died Eastbourne, 2012.
Magdolna Kallay (?-1989) came to Britain from Hungary in 1947. She married Miles Tomalin and used the forename Madeleine.
Henry Tolcher was born in Plymouth and spent most of his life in the town. He qualified as a goldsmith in 1711 and became a freeman of Plymouth in 1721. Subsequently he held several public offices, including becoming Lord Mayor of Plymouth in 1738 and 1768.
Born Samuel Turlausky in 1907, Tolansky was educated at Rutherford College, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1919-1925, and Armstrong College, Durham University, 1925-1928, gaining a Diploma in the Theory and Practice of Teaching at the latter in 1928-1929. From 1929 to 1931, he was a Fellow of King's College, Newcastle upon Tyne, and in 1931 he gained the Earl Grey Fellowship which enabled him to travel to Berlin. In 1932 Tolansky was granted the 1851 Exhibition Senior Studentship at Imperial College, London, and studied with Professor Alfred Fowler for the next two years. He was successively appointed Assistant Lecturer, 1934-1937, Lecturer, 1937-1945, Senior Lecturer, 1945-1946, and Reader, 1946-1947, in Physics at Manchester University, whre he undertook research on nuclear spins and multiple beam inteferometry. In 1948 Tolansky became Professor of Physics at Royal Holloway College, University of London, a post he held until his death in 1973. He won various prizes, including the C.V. Boys Prize for contributions to optics awarded by the London Physical Society in 1948, and was a member of numerous committees and societies, such as the NASA Lunar Project, the Scientific Advisory Committee, the National Gallery, the Royal Scientific Association, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Royal Society, the Royal Scientific Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Royal Microscopical Society.
Born Samuel Turlausky in 1907; educated Rutherford College, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1919-1925, and Armstrong College, Durham University, 1925-1928; studied for Diploma in the Theory and Practice of Teaching, Armstrong College, Durham University, 1928-1929; Fellow of King's College, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1929-1931; Earl Grey Fellowship, 1931, enabling him to travel to Berlin, Germany; 1851 Exhibition Senior Student, Imperial College, University of London, 1952-1954; Assistant Lecturer, 1934-1937, Lecturer, 1937-1945, Senior Lecturer, 1945-1946, and Reader, 1946-1947, in Physics, Manchester University; awarded C.V. Boys Prize for contributions to optics by the London Physical Society, 1948; Professor of Physics, Royal Holloway College, University of London, 1947-1973; Principal Investigator to NASA Lunar Project; Member of the Scientific Advisory Committee, National Gallery; Member of the Senate, University of London; Member of the Council, Royal Scientific Association; Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1947; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1952; Silver Medallist, Royal Scientific Association, 1961; Honorary Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1966; Honorary Fellow, Royal Microscopical Society, 1970; died 1973.
Publications: editor of Practical handbook on spectral analysis (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964); An introduction to interferometry (Longmans, Green and Co, London, 1955); Curiosities of light rays and light waves (Veneda Publishing, London, 1964); Fine structure in line spectra and nuclear spin (London, 1935); High resolution spectroscopy (Methuen and Co, London, 1947); Introduction to atomic physics (Longmans and Co, London, 1942); Multiple-beam interferometry of surfaces and films (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1948); Optical illusions (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964); Surface microtopography (Longmans, London, 1960); The history and use of diamond (Methuen and Co, London, 1962); editor of The human eye and the sun: hot and cold light (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965); Interference microscopy for the biologist (Thomas, Springfield Illinois,1968); The strategic diamond (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1968); Revolution in optics (Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1968); Microstructures of surfaces using interferometry (Arnold, London, 1968).
Toerangie (Sumatra) Rubber and Produce Estates Limited was registered in 1912 to acquire estates in Upper Langkat district on the east coast of Sumatra. In 1960 it was acquired by London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110).
Boris Tödtli born in 1901 in Kiev of Swiss parents; fought with White armies during Russian Revolution; taken prisoner by the Red Army near the Romanian border in early 1920; Tödtli contracted typhus and was sent to a hospital in Odessa; lived with his parents, until, in January 1922, he joined the ranks of Russian emigration.
With no trade skills, Tödtli wandered from one menial job to another in the 1920s; in 1923 studied photography in Zurich, where he worked for 2 years before moving on to Paris, Geneva, Lausanne and finally, in 1932, to Bern. There he became a dental technician. Until 1933, when he joined Roll's National Front, Tödtli apparently did not engage in any political activity. It was only in that year that he found a home in the Nazi movement and that his bilingual fluency and anti-Semitism made him a useful go-between for Russians and Germans.
When he joined the National Front Tödtli also began to establish contacts with Russian right wing circles. It was probably through these contacts that he first became aware of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Approached by Markov II of Weltdienst in November 1934, to help arrange the defence of the Protocols in court, he immediately appointed himself 'Chief of the Swiss Section of the Russian Imperial Union' and dispatched letters to dozens of right wing exiles asking for their expertise and testimony at the trial. He was unable to persuade witnesses to attend the trial, not least because of the costs involved.
More important for Tödtli, he became so closely associated with the Russian émigrés and the Nazi bureaucracy that in November 1936 the Bern police charged him under Article II of the Swiss Espionage Act of 21 June 1935. In 1937 he was sentenced to two months in prison, which he managed to avoid by fleeing to Germany. However, after the signing of the Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, the Russians became a political liability for the Third Reich, and in December 1939 Tödtli was extradited to Switzerland, where he was promptly imprisoned. He died during World War Two.
Commissioned, RAF, 1940; service in Fighter Command and Middle East, World War Two, 1939-1945; Director of Guided Weapons (Air), Ministry of Aviation, 1962-1965; Air Officer Engineering, RAF Germany, 1965-1967; Air Officer Commanding No 20 Group, RAF, 1967-1970; Air Marshal, 1971; Head of Engineer Branch and Director General of Engineering (RAF), 1970-1973; retired, 1973.
The Reverend Charles John Todd was a Naval Chaplain, 1881-99, and Master of the Wax Chandlers' Company, 1888-91, 1916-18 and 1934-36.
Born, 1885; educated at Fordyce Academy; MA, Aberdeen University, 1906; BD, Edinburgh University, 1909; ordained in the Church of Scotland; missionary for the Church of Scotland Mission at Ichang, China, 1909-1915; served in the Royal Field Artillery, firstly as a gunner and later as commissioned officer, 1916-1919; awarded the Military Cross; returned to serve at Ichang, 1920; awarded the CBE as a result of assistance given to Captain Lalor of the Butterfield and Swire ship Siangtan, managing to negotiate Lalor's release after he was captured by pirates (1927), 1928; the events were widely reported; honorary Doctor of Divinity, Aberdeen University, 1934; held by the Japanese at Shanghai, 1940; involved in relief work among destitute Britons in Shanghai, 1941-1942; interned in Lunghwa Civilian Assembly Centre, near Shanghai, 1943-1945; returned to work at Ichang, 1945-1948; minister of the parish of Botriphnie, Banffshire, 1948-1955; died, 1973.
The Tobacco Research Team was founded in 1969, as the third research team of the Addiction Research Unit (after alcohol and drugs) at the Institute of Psychiatry. The role of the Tobacco Research Team is to increase understanding of the psychological and pharmacological aspects of tobacco dependence and develop more effective interventions to reduce tobacco-related diseases. The team was led by Professor Michael Russell for many years.
Tizard was educated at the Royal Hospital School, Greenwich, and entered the Navy as a master's assistant in 1854. He served in the DRAGON with the Baltic Fleet during the Crimean War and then in the Mediterranean. In 1857 he was appointed to the INDUS on the North American and West Indies Station. On his return home in 1860 he was promoted to second master and served for just over a year in a cadets' training ship. In 1861 he was appointed to the surveying ship RIFLEMAN on the China Station. Following his promotion in 1864 to master, he commanded the Rifleman's tender SARACEN on surveys in the South China Sea. Between 1868 and 1879 he was first employed in survey ships in the Mediterranean and then on the oceanographic voyage of the CHALLENGER. He was promoted to staff commander in 1874. In 1880 he was appointed to command the KNIGHT ERRANT on the survey of the west coast of Britain. In 1882 he commissioned the TRITON for work on the east coast survey also both in 1880 and 1882 he took scientific expeditions to the Faeroe-Shetland Channel. In 1889 he was promoted to staff captain and in 1891 he was appointed Assistant Hydrographer of the Navy and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He continued to serve at the Admiralty until 1907 but was placed on the retired list, with the rank of captain in 1896. As a Fellow of the Royal Society, Tizard became a member of the Antarctic Executive Committee in 1899. Some details about Tizard are contained in the biography of his son, Sir Henry Tizard, Tizard by Ronald W Clark (London, 1965).
Born, 1885; educated at Westminster School; Magdalen College Oxford; Lecturer in Natural Science, Oriel College Oxford, 1911-1921; joined Royal Garrison Artillery, 1914, Royal Field Artillery, 1915; Lieutenant-Colonel and Assistant Controller, Experiments and Research, Royal Air Force, 1918-1919; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1926; Permanent Secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1927-1929; Rector, Imperial College, 1929-1942; Chairman, Aeronautical Research Committee, 1933-1943; Development Commissioner, 1934-1945; Trustee, British Museum, 1937-1959; Knighted, 1937; Member, Council of Minister of Aircraft Production; Member, Air Council, 1941-1943; President of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1942-1946; Royal Society of Arts Albert Gold medal, 1944; Chairman, Advisory Council on Scientific Policy and Defence Research Policy Committee, 1946-1952; President, British Association, 1948; died, 1959.
Publications: include: Theoretical Chemistry from the standpoint of Avogadro's rule & Thermodynamics Walther Nernst, revised in accordance with the sixth German edition by H T Tizard (Macmillan & Co, London, 1911); The Passing World. Science and social progress (Bureau of Current Affairs, London, 1948); A Scientist in and out of the Civil Service (Birkbeck College, London, [1955]).
Richard Morris Titmuss, 1907-1973, was educated at St Gregory's preparatory school in Luton and at the age of fourteen went on to Clark's Commercial College for a six month course in bookkeeping. At eighteen he was engaged as a probationary clerk to the County Fire Insurance Office and he stayed there for the next sixteen years. In 1937, Titmuss married Kay Miller, who influenced his interests towards more social and political themes. He began writing articles on topics such as public health and migration, and his first book 'Poverty and Population' was published in 1938. When war broke out, Titmuss' job in war damage insurance became a reserved occupation. However, his name was added to the Ministry of Labour's Central Register of professional people. In this capacity he informally advised the Ministry of Information on some social survey reports and was statistical adviser in a voluntary capacity to the Ministries of Health and Economic Warfare on wartime German vital statistics.
In 1942, he left the County Fire Insurance Office to join a group of historians commissioned to write the civil histories of the Second World War and to cover the work of the Ministry of Health. Throughout this period he continued writing on the problems of poverty and population, publishing books, and from late 1944 working as a statistical and demographic adviser to Luton. His interest in social inequality led him to abandon the Liberal Party and join other wartime political groups. He worked with the Liberal MP Sir Richard Acland, whose publication 'Unser Kampf' demanded that steps should be taken during the war towards a new order of society. They formed a group called Forward March which then merged with other groups to become the short lived Commonwealth Party.
In 1947, Titmuss was working as Social Economist and Deputy Director of the Social Medicine Research Unit. However with the publication of his book 'Problems of Social Policy' academic employment opened up for him. He was offered the chairs of social administration at Birmingham and the London School of Economics and chose LSE, arriving in 1950. Here he continued to define and analyse social services and to establish the academic respectability of social administration until his retirement.
Born 1853; King's College School, 1867-1871; King's College Hospital, 1872-1877; Warneford Entrance Scholarship, 1871; Gold Medal in Physiology at Intermediate M.B. Examination and Gold Medals in Forensic and in Obstetric Medicine, 1877; House Physician, King's College Hospital, 1876-1877; Sambrooke Medical Registrar, 1878; Assistant Physician, 1885; Physician, 1892; Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacology, 1885-1900; Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine, 1900-1919; Fellow of King's College, 1885; retired King's College, 1919; Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Consulting Physician, King's College, from 1919; Council member of the Royal College of Physicians, 1908-1910; Bradshaw Lecturer, 1914; Member of General Medical Council, 1922-1927; died, 1928.
Publications: Diphtheria and antitoxin (London, 1897); Albuminuria and Bright's Disease (London, 1899); edited The prescriber's pharmacopoeia (London, 1886); The essentials of Materia Medica and therapeutics (London, 1885); Thomson's conspectus adapted to the British Pharmacopeia of 1885 (London, 1887); King's College Hospital Reports (London, 1895-1903).
Trained and worked as a nurse; served as a missionary with the China Inland Mission from 1902; undertook medical, educational, and evangelistic work. Publications: The Clock Man's Mother, and other stories (London, 1930); The Tin Traveller (London, 1931). Her name is often found spelt Tippett.
Born Upton Park, London, 1890; joined HMS KENT as clerk, 1909; Assistant Paymaster, 1911; joined HMS VENUS, 1911; killed in action on board HMS INVINCIBLE, Battle of Jutland, 31 May 1916.
Hugh Russell Tinker was born in 1921 in Essex, and educated in Taunton School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He served in the Indian Army 1941-1945, and was then employed in the Indian civil administration until 1946. Thereafter he followed an academic career as a historian, as Lecturer, Reader and Professor at the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1948-1969; Director of the Institute of Race Relations, 1970-1972; Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1972-1977; and Professor of Politics, University of Lancaster, 1977-1982, of which he was Emeritus Professor until his death. In addition, he held brief overseas professorships, at Rangoon in 1954-1955, and Cornell, USA, 1959. As an active member of the Liberal Party, Tinker stood as a candidate in general elections, for Barnet in 1964 and 1966, and for Morecambe and Lonsdale in 1979. He was involved in the party's immigration and race relations panel in the early 1970s. He was also Vice-President of the Ex- Services Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Tinker wrote numerous books, mainly on topics reflecting his academic interests: the history and politics of the Indian subcontinent, and Indians overseas. His publications included: The Foundations of Local Self-Government in India, Pakistan and Burma (1954); The Union of Burma: A Study of the First Years of Independence (1957); India and Pakistan: A Political Analysis (1962); Ballot Box and Bayonet: People and Government in Emergent Asian Countries (1964); Reorientations: Studies on Asia in Transition (1965); South Asia: A Short History (1966); Experiment with Freedom: India and Pakistan 1947 (1967); (Ed) Henry Yule: Narrative of the Mission to the Court of Ava in 1855 (1969); A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas 1830-1920 (1974); Separate and Unequal: India and the Indians in the British Commonwealth 1920-1950 (1976); The Banyan Tree: Overseas Emigrants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (1977); Race, Conflict and the International Order: From Empire to United Nations (1977); The Ordeal of Love: CF Andrews and India (1979); A Message from the Falklands: The Life and Gallant Death of David Tinker (1982); (Ed) Burma: The Struggle for Independence (1983-1984); Men who Overturned Empires: Fighters, Dreamers, Schemers (1987); Viceroy: Curzon to Mountbatten (1997). A Message from the Falklands was based on the letters of Tinker's son David, who was killed there while serving as a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. Hugh Tinker died in 2000, survived by his wife Elizabeth and their two elder sons.