The company's offices were successively at 49-51 Eastcheap and 21 Mincing Lane.
The Longton and Fenton Permanent Benefit Building Society can probably be identified as the Longton Mutual Permanent Building Society listed in the trade directories of Staffordshire from 1872. It was based successively in Boardman's Buildings, Anchor Chambers (Market Street) and Commerce Street in Longton.
The National Society for the Exemption of Plant and Machinery from Rating was formed in 1887. It was succeeded in 1893 by the Machinery Users' Association which was incorporated in 1905. It was established to achieve reform in the system of rating of plant and machinery. With the Rating and Valuation Act of 1925 it achieved its main objective.
In 1905 the Association had widened its objectives to include all matters of interest to the owners and users of machinery, assisting its members in appeals against rating assessments. This led, in 1913, to the establishment of a surveying and rating department within the Association, whose services included revaluations and monitoring prospective legislation.
In 1981 MUA Property Services was established, offering advice to industry and commerce on property sales, rent reviews, valuations of land and buildings etc.
The Association had offices at Lawrence Pountney Hill (1887-94), Lawrence Pountney Lane (1895-1913), Lawrence Pountney Hill (1913-84), Chancery Lane (1985-9) and Saville House, Lindsey Street (1989-).
Active from the late 17th century, the Mocatta family went into partnership with the Goldsmids in 1779 in the businesses of banking and bullion broking and dealing. They have had London offices at Grigsby's Coffee House, Threadneedle Street; 61 Threadneedle Street; King's Arms Yard; Throgmorton Avenue; and Finsbury Circus.
Andrew Yule and Company of Calcutta and George Yule and Company of London were founded in the 1860s by Andrew and George Yule. The main business was the merchant house in Calcutta for which George Yule and Company acted as the London agency. In September 1911 George Yule and Company established a credit account with Morgan Grenfell and Company and the link between the businesses was further established in 1916 when Sir David Yule proposed that Morgan Grenfell and Company take over both Andrew Yule and Company and George Yule and Company. Thomas Catto was approached to run the firms and in 1920 George Yule and Company became Yule, Catto and Company Limited. Andrew Yule and Company also became Andrew Yule and Company Limited. Morgan Grenfell and Company held shares in Yule, Catto and Company Limited until 1934 when they were sold to individual partners in Morgan Grenfell and Company.
The company had various City addresses: 8 Leadenhall Street 1871; 81 & 82 Palmerston Buildings, 9 Bishopsgate 1872-88; 19 Great Winchester Street 1889-1907; Finsbury House, Blomfield Square 1908-30; and 7 Great Winchester House 1931-6.
James Morrison and John Cryder were London-American and general merchants. The company was later known [from about the mid-1840s?] as Morrison, Sons and Company. It had London offices successively at 9 Broad Street Buildings and 62 Moorgate.
The National Life Assurance Society was formed at a meeting of prospective shareholders on 31 December 1829, and became a mutual in 1847. It established agencies internationally, as well as acquiring many from the takeover of the Whittington in 1894. It premises were at 2 King William Street. Whittington Life Assurance Company was taken over by the National Life Assurance Society in 1894 after 3 years of negotiations.
The Mutual Life Assurance Society was founded in 1834 by the brothers James and William Burchell, and originally based at 37 Old Jewry. In 1848 it moved to 39 King Street, and expanded into no. 38 in 1859, new premises being built on the site.
The National Mutual Life Assurance Society was established by the merger of the National and the Mutual Life Assurance Societies in 1896, and was based at the Mutual's offices at 39 King Street (rebuilt in 1936) until its move to larger premises at Bow Churchyard in 1960.
From 1921-38 its chairman was the economist John Maynard Keynes, some of whose papers survive in the collection (his speeches to the AGM, which became City events, have been published in the Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, vol.XII, ed D Moggridge, London 1981; they were also reproduced in The Times). During World War II the head office was located at Stanmore. The firm was taken over by General Electric in 2002.
The Mutual Life Assurance Society was founded in 1834 by the brothers James and William Burchell, and originally based at 37 Old Jewry. In 1848 it moved to 39 King Street, and expanded into no. 38 in 1859, new premises being built on the site. The Mutual merged with the National Life Assurance Society in 1896 to form the National Mutual Life Assurance Society.
Under the National Health Insurance Act, 1911, certain groups of the working population, mainly manual and lower paid workers, could obtain free general practitioner medical services by virtue of their contributions to the scheme. The 'panel' system was operated by local insurance committees (in this case, for the County of London) who also provided pharmaceutical services for the contributors. In the complicated system of 'approved' societies, some contributors qualified for additional benefits of free or reduced cost dentistry or ophthalmic services. The Insurance Committee for the County of London had representatives from various interests such as insured persons, medical practitioners, local government and central government.
The Inner London Executive Council (ILEC) was constituted under the provisions of Section 31 of the National Health Service Act, 1946. The Act stipulated that an executive council should consist of 25 members, 8 appointed by the Local Health Authority for the area, 5 appointed by the Minister of Health, 7 appointed by the Local Medical Committee, 3 appointed by the local Dental Committtee and 2 appointed by the Local Pharmaceutical Committee.
The duties of the ILEC were to make arrangements for the provision of: personal medical services (including maternity services), proper and sufficient drugs, medicines and prescribed appliances to all persons receiving general medical services, general dental services, and supplementary ophthalmic services in the County of London.
The ILEC entered into contractual relations with medical practitioners and ophthalmic medical practitioners and opticians. Payment was made for the work carried out. There were a number of statutory committees: finance, allocation, medical services, pharmaceutical services, dental services, and joint services. Other committees were established to deal with ophthalmic services, obstetrics and general benefits (the last having most contact with medical practitoners).
The ILEC's main roles lay in acceptance and deletion of medical cards, together with the renumeration of general practitioners. Membership of ILEC was for a three year period; the Council included a Chairman and a Clerk.
The ILEC could nominate people to the Hospital Management Committee, it also acted in cooperation with Local Health Authorities over the establishment of Health Centres, and in consultation with the Local Medical Committee, the Local Dental Committee and the Local Pharmaceutical Committee. The Council met not less than once every three months, its meetings generally being open to the press and public, but closed for discussions of reports from service committees or if the Council elected to go into Committee.
The Committees acted as important bodies in the conduct of everyday business in specialist fields in a way in which the full Council could never function. The Allocation Committee dealt with lists of patients on practitioner's books. The Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutical Service Committees were disciplinary bodies for the professional services involved. The General Benefit Committee regulated the day to day problems in practice: entry into service, employment of assistants, surgery accommodation, leave of absence, variation of consultation place, use of drugs and advertising by pharmaceutical companies. The Obstetric Committee examined applications received from practitioners for recognition as having obstetric experience. Joint Committees between the professional services of between the ILEC and the Local Medical Committee could be set up to deal with matters such as vacancies or Fixed Annual payments (made to assist persons building up a practice).
The Executive Councils were abolished in 1974 and replaced by Family Practitioner Committees which were to provide administrative services for the independent contractors to the National Health Service.
F. Meacci was based at 53 Cale Street, Chelsea. He was a piece moulder and figure maker whose customers included Alfred Gilbert, celebrated sculptor of 'Eros' and other late Victorian sculptors including Edward Onslow Ford, George Cowell, Mary Grant and Thomas Essex. Records of his transactions with these sculptors can be found in this collection.
The author of this notebook remains anonymous. It was collected by Mrs M Barnes of Ewell.
The United Synagogue's Agency for Jewish Education (formerly the Board of Jewish Religious Education) provides a training and curriculum resource for Orthodox Jewish religious education in schools and synagogues. This includes teacher training programmes, publication of resource packs, training for school governors, liaising with the government, curriculum development through the Jewish Studies Curriculum Project and the National Jewish Curriculum, provision of Bnei Mitzvah study programmes, training synagogue children's programme leaders and running a Teaching and Learning Centre.
The aims of the London Board of Jewish Religious Education are to found, maintain, carry on and assist schools, institutes and organisations with the provision of Orthodox Jewish religious instruction for Jewish communities in the Greater London area.
In the mid-19th century the Jewish population in north-west London was increasing. In 1900 the first meetings of Brondesbury Synagogue were held, and by 1905 the synagogue had been constructed in Chevening Road. Its catchment area was Cricklewood, Willesden, Willesden Green and Brondesbury.
In 1923 a new synagogue, the Willesden Green and Cricklewood Synagogue, was opened on Walm Lane to ease overcrowding in the Brondesbury Synagogue. It became a constituent synagogue of the United Synagogue in 1931 and changed its name to Cricklewood Synagogue. For the records of this synagogue, see ACC/2712/CKS.
In 1926 the Harlesden Hebrew Congregation and Talmud Torah began to meet. They acquired a site for a building in 1933 and became a District Synagogue of the United Synagogue with the name Willesden District Synagogue. A hall was constructed on College Road.
Meanwhile, another group had been formed in the area, this one with an affiliation to the Federation of Synagogues. They were known as the Willesden Green Federation Synagogue, and in 1934 opened a synagogue in a converted house in Heathfield Park. In 1937 it was decided to expand the Synagogue building and a site on nearby Brondesbury Park was purchased. Unfortunately the Synagogue ran into financial difficulties, just at the same time as the Willesden District Synagogue was finding its hall too small. In 1939 the two Synagogues agreed to merge and use the larger Brondesbury Park site. They were to be known as Willesden Synagogue.
An Ohel Shem Congregation was founded in the area in 1945. It was closed in 1988 and the members joined Willesden Synagogue.
In 1974 the Brondesbury Synagogue closed and its members were dispersed between the Cricklewood and Willesden Synagogues. Willesden Synagogue then changed its name to Willesden and Brondesbury Synagogue.
In the 2000s the Synagogue changed its name again, to Brondesbury Synagogue; and then in 2007 changed to Brondesbury Park Synagogue.
See "History of the Willesden and Brondesbury Synagogue, 1934-1994" for more information (a copy can be found in file ACC/2712/BBS/02/041).
Borough Synagogue was situated at Vowler Street, Walworth Road, S.E. The synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1873. It amalgamated with Brixton Synagogue in 1961.
Brixton Synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1913. A new building was constructed in Effra Road in 1921. Borough Synagogue became a part of this synagogue in 1961. The Synagogue subsequently joined with others to form the new South London Synagogue in Leigham Court Road.
Cricklewood Synagogue was first established in a private house on Walm Lane, used for worship from 1928. It was initially known as the Willesden Green and Cricklewood Hebrew Congregation. In 1931 a synagogue was constructed next door to the house, and was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in the same year, changing its name to Cricklewood Synagogue. In 1989 the main synagogue building was sold and the congregation moved into a smaller hall. The Synagogue was closed in 2005.
Dunstable synagogue was admitted as an Affiliated member of the United Synagogue in 1940. It closed in 1955.
Edmonton and Tottenham Hebrew congregation began as meetings held at 53 Lansdowne Road. In 1934 a Victorian house at 41 Lansdowne Road was converted for worship. This synagogue was admitted as an Affiliated member of the United Synagogue in 1938. The building was enlarged in 1956, while a hall and annexe were built in 1964.
From: 'Tottenham: Judaism', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 364 (available online).
Finsbury Park Synagogue was founded as an independent synagogue in 1884. It was initially affilited with the Federation of Synagogues, before becoming a District Synagogue of the United Synagogue in 1934. The Synagogue was situated on Portland Road, then Princess Crescent, before moving to Green Lanes where it is still situated.
Gladstone Park and Neasden Federated Synagogue was linked to the Federation of Synagogues until 1936, when it joined forces with Dollis Hill Synagogue and as a result became affiliated to the United Synagogue. The name of the Gladstone Park Synagogue was discontinued and the united congregation were known as the Dollis Hill Synagogue. Dollis Hill became a District Synagogue in 1937 and a Constituent Synagogue in 1946.
The Great Synagogue was founded in 1690, and was situated on Duke's Place, near Aldgate in the City of London. The Synagogue was the first in England built for Ashkenazi Jews and for many years it was the centre of Ashkenazi life in London. It was one of the original five synagogues which grouped together to form the United Synagogue in 1870. The Hambro Synagogue was incorporated into it in 1936. Chief Rabbi Nathan Adler was the rabbi there 1845-1890, succeeded by his son Chief Rabbi Hermann Adler, 1890-1911. The synagogue was destroyed by enemy action in 1941.
This synagogue was admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1890. It was situated at Brook Green and was also known as the Hammersmith and West Kensington Synagogue.
Joel Emmanuel instituted a charity to provide almshouses for the Jewish poor, and bequeathed many properties to this end, in Shoreditch, Bermondsey and elsewhere. The charity was established in 1840.
The Jewish Friendship Club Movement began in 1950, after the United Synagogue's Welfare Committee invited the League of Jewish Women to act as an advisory body to the new movement. It remains under the auspices of these two bodies. Its aim was to provide elderly Jewish men and women (who were over 60 years of age), with social and recreational centres. From 1951 the movement became known as the Friendship Clubs' Central Committee. Its first chairman was Mrs MW Domb. Its name was changed again to the Friendship Clubs' Central Council in 1958, and attained its final title, the Association of Jewish Friendship Clubs, around 1964.
The Palmers Green and Southgate Synagogue originated in meetings held in private houses from the 1920s onwards, at which time it was known as the Palmers Green Hebrew Congregation. The community became affiliated with the United Synagogue in 1934, while a permanent synagogue was constructed in 1936, and was known as Palmers Green and Southgate District Synagogue. The building was badly damaged in 1944 but was rebuilt in 1947.
The Russian Jews Committee was set up by the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association in 1881. Its aim was to consider and adopt measures for ameliorating the condition of the Jews in Russia.
Founded 1911 in a private home, then moved to 277 Katherine Road, Forest Gate and then Tudor Road, Green Street. United with West Ham District Synagogue in 1972 to form West Ham and Upton Park Synagogue.
The Union of Synagogues was a predecessor to the United Synagogue, in that it was a union between the main City of London synagogues - the Great, New and Hambro synagogues. The alliance was formed in 1825.
The Wanstead and Woodford Synagogue is situated on Churchfields, South Woodford. This synagogue was admitted as an Affiliated member of the United Synagogue in 1947.
Isleworth Grammar School originated in a charity school founded in 1715 using a bequest from William Cave, vicar of Isleworth. It was known as the Blue School after the uniforms issued to the children. In 1896 it moved to St John's Road. The name changed to Isleworth Grammar School by 1958.
From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 133-137.
Jim Raisin was appointed Labour Party Agent for Hackney South in 1930 and became the agent for Lewisham East in 1933. From 1946 he was London District Organiser and from November 1958 he was Regional Organiser for the Northern home counties region (covering Hertfordshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire) until he retired in 1969. He died in March 1974, aged 70.
The Foundling Hospital was established by Royal Charter on 17 October 1739 by Thomas Coram as a refuge for abandoned, illegitimate children. The Hospital was laid in Lamb's Conduit Fields, Bloomsbury, an as yet undeveloped area beyond the city. Admission to the Hospital was initially restricted because of the lack of funds. Infants were to be less than two months old and in good health to qualify for entry, and admissions were made on a first come first served basis. Once a child had been accepted he or she was baptised and thereby given a new name. The child was then boarded out to a dry or wet nurse in the country. These nurses were mostly in the Home Counties but could be as far away as West Yorkshire or Shropshire. The nurses were monitored by voluntary inspectors. On reaching 3 years of age, the child was returned to the Hospital to receive basic schooling and he or she would remain there until apprenticed out to trades or service, or enlisted in the armed forces.
From 1760 a new system was adopted which involved mothers submitting written petitions to the Hospital which were then assessed by committee. This petition system formed the basis of all subsequent admissions to the Hospital and the survival of these petitions in the collection provides a valuable insight into the backgrounds and circumstances of the mothers.
Consultation of the Hospital records held at LMA (reference A/FH) reveals the story of Mary Green's admission. According to the petition document (A/FH/A/08/001/002/023) her mother, Ann Moore of 26 Salsbury Street, Bermondsey, was an unmarried 19 year old. She had been working as a housemaid at the house of Mr Morgan, a surgeon, where she was seduced by his assistant Thomas Parkin, who "talked of marriage but never promised her". Before the pregnancy was revealed Mr Morgan fired Parkin for "disorderly conduct" and his mounting debts; while Ann was made redundant along with all the other servants in an attempt to solve disagreements among the staff. She was given a good character reference and found a new position with Mrs Sarah Peacock. On the 14 September 1814 she was "delivered of a female child". The father could not be traced. Mrs Peacock sponsored her petition to the Foundling Hospital, describing her as honest, sober, obliging and clean.
The baby was admitted to the Hospital on 12 November 1814, aged 2 months, and given the name Mary Green (general register, A/FH/A/09/002/005). She was sent into the country to a wet nurse, and was confirmed in June 1829. Mary was apprenticed in December 1829 to merchant Louis Perrottet of No 4 North Crescent, Bedford Square, "to be instructed in household business" (apprenticeship register, A/FH/A/12/003/002). Jane Taunton, another foundling who was admitted only a few days before Mary was also apprenticed to Perrottet. Their apprenticeship indentures expired in September 1835.
The Central British Fund for World Jewish Relief was founded in the early months of 1933 by a group of Anglo-Jewish community leaders, in response to the appointment of Adolph Hitler as Chancellor of Germany on a platform of anti-Semitism. Among the founders were Antony de Rothschild, Leonard G. Montefiore and Otto Schiff.
The Fund has been through many name changes in its lifetime. It started out as the Central British Fund for German Jewry, then became part of the new Council for German Jewry in 1936 along with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and the American United Palestine Appeal. On the outbreak of World War Two in 1939 the Fund changed its name to the Central Council for Jewish Refugees, and in 1944 changed again to the Central British Fund for World Jewish Relief. After many years as the Central British Fund for World Jewish Relief, the organisation is now known as World Jewish Relief.
The Fund's mission, according to its Memorandum of Association, was "to relieve or assist Jewish refugees in any part of the world in such manner and on such terms and conditions (if any) as may be thought fit." In this work the fund was aided by various organisations, including the Jewish Refugees Committee (JRC) which was founded by Otto Schiff in 1933; the Children's Refugee Movement (established by the JRC and the Inter-Aid Committee); and the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad, which was established in 1943 and financed by the Central Council for Jewish Refugees (as the Central British Fund was then known).
Israel Brodie was born in Newcastle upon Tyne and was educated at Rutherford College, University College London, Jews College and Balliol College, Oxford. Between 1917 and 1919 Brodie served as a chaplain in France and Belgium. After the war he returned to Oxford and also worked as a chaplain and counsellor in the east end of London. He was ordained in 1923 and then moved to Australia to head the Jewish ecclesiastical court in Victoria. During his time there he visited all Jewish congregations on that continent.
Israel Brodie returned to England at the end of the 1930s to become a senior lecturer at Jews' College. He entered into military chaplaincy on the outbreak of war and served in France and the Middle East. For a short period after the war he served as Principal of Jews' College; in 1948 he succeeded Joseph Hertz as Chief Rabbi.
He was by temperament a more peaceable character than his predecessor. Israel Brodie was energetic in working to advance the cause of the new state of Israel and in efforts for the reconstruction of the remnants of European Jewry. Improvements in air travel meant that he was able to tour provincial and overseas communities and congregations frequently. He visited Israel many times and supported the foundation of the Bar-Ilan University where a chair was endowed in his honour. In 1957 Brodie convened a standing conference of European rabbis of which he long remained President.
Israel Brodie faced what was probably his greatest crisis in the 1960s. In 1962 he vetoed the return of Rabbi Dr. Louis Jacobs to be Minister of the New West End Synagogue. Dr. Jacobs, a notable scholar, had a few years earlier left that position in order to assume at the Chief Rabbi's invitation the post of tutor at Jews' College. Following differences connected with Jacobs' theological and doctrinal opinions (which he had made before his appointment to the College), he had retired from the College. The New West End Synagogue now defied Brodie and a majority confirmed Jacobs' re-appointment. A public debate about the powers of the Chief Rabbinate broke out. Finally, the Board of Management of the New West End Synagogue were dismissed by the Council of the United Synagogue; Jacobs and many of his followers broke away from the New West End Synagogue to form the independent New London Synagogue which became the nucleus of the Masorti movement in Britain.
Israel Brodie retired in 1965, the first Chief Rabbi to leave office by retirement. During retirement he was knighted and he died on the 13th of February 1979.
Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The Middlesex County Staff Club was formed in 1911 by members of the staff of the Middlesex County Council. It was admitted to NALGO in the same year. After an hiatus during the war years it was reformed as the Middlesex County Officers' Association in 1919 and became the Middlesex County Branch of NALGO. It ceased to exist on the abolition of Middlesex County Council in 1965. The Association was managed by an Executive Committee ("Council" from 1949).
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, was born in 1628, son of royal favourite George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham. After his father was murdered George and his brother were brought up in the royal nursery with the King's children. They took the Royalist side during the Civil War, and George's brother was killed in action. After the war George fled England and became part of Charles II's court in exile. After the Restoration he gained a reputation for intrigue as a courtier and politician. He died in 1687.
The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house. The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.
Victor Albert George Child-Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, was born in 1845, son of the 6th Earl of Jersey, George Augustus Frederick Child-Villiers, and his wife Julia. Victor was educated at Eton and Oxford. He was the governor of New South Wales from 1890-1892, but on his return he did not hold major public office, preferring local positions in Oxfordshire and Middlesex. He was the principal proprietor of Child's Bank.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The West London Synagogue of British Jews was organised in April 1840 to establish a "synagogue where a revised service may be performed at hours more suited to our habits and in a manner more calculated to inspire feelings of devotion, where religious instruction may be afforded by competent persons, and where, to effect these purposes Jews generally may form a united congregation under the denomination of British Jews". It is a constituent member of the Reform Synagogues of Great Britain and remains the oldest and best known Reform congregation in the UK. The synagogue is situated in Upper Berkeley Street, Marylebone, W1 and was constructed in 1870.
The Benevolent Society of St Patrick was established in 1783 to provide charitable relief to poor and distressed Irish living in and around London. It was amalgamated with the older Irish Charitable Society (founded 1704) in 1787. In providing relief no religious or political distinctions were to be made. Children were particularly the objects of the Society's care. Assistance in clothing and education were regularly given. In 1820 the Society opened its own schools in Stamford Street. These were closed in 1921. The Society reviewed its activities and started to give grants to young Irish men and women 'of good conduct and industry' and to elderly Irish people. In addition grants were given towards hospital beds. After 1948 grants were regularly given to assist the unemployed and other Irish families in need. The Society has long enjoyed royal patronage.
Under the will of Sarah Rachael Titford of Walworth, who died in 1843, a trust was established to pay charitable pensions to 'poor widows' and 'poor maiden women' residing in London, Westminster and Southwark. A bequest from Miss Rutt of Upper Clapton in 1907, for similar charitable purposes, was additionally administered by the trustees.
This material contains an unbroken set of minutes of the London Teachers Association, formed in 1932 and known as the "County Association of the National Union of Teachers (NUT) for London." They contain members explicit views on the expansion of post-war secondary education, the development of comprehensive education, as well as routine union business. There are also documents relating to the career of teacher, William Pratt Anderson, son of the founder of the N.U.T. Included also are 2 volumes of minutes of the Middlesex Teachers Association, (see ACC/916 for a larger number of MTA minutes, reports and policy files 1946-1963).
The LTA lost its local authority in 1966 and was amalgamated into the NUT. The national union then ran its affairs with representation from London members and the Middlesex and Essex Associations, also known as the Extra-Metropolitan Associations.
The Jewish Bread Meat and Coal Society was established in 1779 as the "Society for Distributing Bread Meat and Coal Amongst the Jewish Poor During the Winter Season" (Hebrew: Meshebat Naphesh). It is the oldest charity in the UK to be founded by the Ashkenazi Jews. Prominent among the founders of the charity were Mr Levy Barent Cohen, who became its first President.
The charity was managed by Committee, and subscribers had the chance to nominate deserving causes for aid. Also, large annual dinners were held, at which donations were made to chaitable funds.
As in Hayes the first industry to make its appearance in Norwood was brick-making. As early as 1697 a London tiler and bricklayer, Robert Browne, had bought 3 acres in Bulls Bridge Field, Hayes, and in South Field, Norwood. That the brick-making industry grew in the 19th century was due to the opening of the Grand Junction Canal in 1796 and of the Paddington Canal five years later. The industry was slightly later in developing in Norwood than in Hayes and in 1821 there was only one small brick-field near Wolf Bridge. In 1826 John Nash, the architect and builder, was licensed by Lord Jersey to dig brickearth in East Field, and apparently he also made his bricks in Norwood. These are said to have been too rough and uneven for anything but thick walls. Nash supplied a great number of bricks for Buckingham Palace and may have sent some from Norwood.
In 1859 a Holborn builder developed a 14-acre brick-field in Norwood, paying Lord Jersey a royalty of 1shilling 6 pence on every thousand bricks over 2,666,666 a year. He also erected labourers' cottages on the site and built a dock on the canal. In the 1860s the St. John's parochial school at Southall Green drew most of its pupils from the brick-makers. The school numbers fluctuated, which may indicate a rapid turn-over of labour, and the speedy working-out of the brickfields.
The Southall Brick Co. was in existence by 1874 and three other brick-making firms were centred on the Green in Southall. At the end of the 19th century a 28-acre brick-field was opened in North Road, Southall, by Thomas Watson and between 1899 and 1901 this produced well over 2 million bricks a year. A site for a brick-field in Havelock Road was advertised for sale in 1903, and a brick-field behind Tudor Road was causing such smells in 1906 that there were complaints at a council meeting. A new brick-field in North Road was let as late as 1910 at 2s. a thousand bricks, and the East Acton Brick Co. held property at least until 1926. In the late 19th century some gravel was also extracted.
From: 'Norwood, including Southall: Economic and social history', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 45-48.
Edward Ind purchased the Star Inn, Romford, Essex in 1799, and built a brewhouse on the site. In 1845 he went into partnership with brothers Octavius and George Coope. From 1856 the business was known as Ind Coope and Company. In the same year the company opened another brewery in Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire.
The company went into recievership in 1909 and was subsequently re-registered in 1912 as Ind Coope and Co. (1912) Ltd. The (1912) was dropped from the name in 1923. After merging with Samuel Allsopp and Sons Ltd in 1934, the company name was changed again to Ind Coope and Allsopp Ltd and then to Ind Coope Ltd in 1959. In 1961 the company merged with Tetley Walker Ltd and Ansells Brewery Ltd to form Ind Coope Tetley Answell Ltd, later Allied Breweries Ltd. The company is now part of the Carlsberg-Tetley group.
The United Hospitals' Club, the second oldest medical dining club in London, was established on 14 February 1828, shortly after the separation in 1825 of the formerly united medical schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals. The rules stated that the club "shall consist of Physicians, Surgeons and Apothecaries, in actual practice, who have been educated either at St Thomas's or Guy's Hospitals". The number of members was limited to twenty-five. Four meetings were held a year at which each member could introduce not more than two professional visitors. Originally most of the members were former students, but by 1936 the club was "made up of equal numbers of the staffs and general practitioners of St Thomas's and Guy's" (from F.G. Parsons, The History of St Thomas's Hospital, vol. III p.68).
A history of the United Hospitals' Club was written in 1928 by Cuthbert Golding-Bird.
The Jewish Memorial Council was founded in 1919 on the initiative of Sir Robert Waley Cohen, F.C. Stern, Lord Swaythling, and Major Lionel de Rothschild. A public meeting was held in Central Hall, Westminster on 11 June 1919 to approve and undertake a scheme to raise a fund to establish a permanent war memorial to the Jews of the British Empire who had served in the 1914-1918 war. This was applied to the following objectives:
1 The endowment of Jewish religious education;
2 The building and endowment of a Jewish Theological College at Oxford or Cambridge to which, in accordance with the resolution of its Council, the present Jews College (later London School of Jewish Studies) would be transferred;
3 The making of further provision for the Jewish ministry.
The first Council meeting was held in November 1919. Although the second objective was never achieved, the Jewish Memorial War Council (renamed Jewish Memorial Council in 1931) was able to promote Jewish religious education and welfare with a great variety of activities. Hebrew classes throughout the country were inspected and encouraged.
The Council administered the Synagogue Provident and Pensions Fund, which was a superannuation fund for all congregational officials in the British Commonwealth. In 1923 the Union of Jewish Women presented the Mrs Nathaniel Louis Cohen Library to the Council thus establishing its library. In co-operation with Jews' College and the United Synagogue the Council decided to build a Jewish Communal Centre, Woburn House, which opened in 1932. As well as providing accommodation for Jews' College and office space for all three organisations, it contained two halls for meetings, and the Jewish Museum established in 1932 by Wilfred Samuel and Dr Cecil Roth under the auspices of the Council.
The Council also gave grants to Jews' College and was represented on its Council. In the 1920s-30s it nominated students for admission to Aria College, Southsea, which was intended as a preparatory college for Jews' College. It gave grants for teacher training and established the Central Council for Jewish Religious Education. A Book Department purchased books of Jewish interest and sold them at a discount to synagogues, teachers and students.
The Council awarded grants and scholarships out of its own resources as well as administering other scholarship funds. These included the Cambridge Jewish Exhibition founded in 1899 to assist a needy Jewish student at Cambridge University, the Alfred Louis Cohen Scholarship established in 1904 to assist students preparing for the Jewish Ministry, and the Sir Robert Waley Cohen Memorial Scholarship. Sir Robert was "the principal architect of the Jewish Memorial Council and for over thirty years its presiding genius" (tribute by Dr George Webber, Annual General Meeting of the Jewish Memorial Council 14 July 1977 ACC/2999/A/1/1). He served as Chairman of the Executive Committee from 1919 to 1947 and President of the Council from 1947 until his death in 1952. In his memory his family and friends raised £10,000 to establish the Sir Robert Waley Cohen Memorial Scholarship to provide Jewish ministers from the British Commonwealth with travelling scholarships to pursue Jewish studies. Reports on their work were to be kept in the Council Library.
After the Second World War the problem of small Jewish communities with insufficient resources to maintain a minister or provide religious education for their children aroused growing concern. In 1948 the Council agreed to set up a Small Communities Committee to give grants to these communities, to visit them and report on their needs. In 1962 the Reverend Malcolm Weisman was appointed visiting minister to small communities whose number continued to increase with the dispersal of the Jewish population from large urban centres to rural areas.
In 1978-79 the Council suffered a financial crisis caused by losses incurred by the bookshop. This necessitated a reduction in the scale of its activities including the transfer of its library to Jews' College, a reduction in the reward of grants and scholarships and the closure of the bookshop. However many aspects of its work continued to flourish, including the Pensions Fund, the Reverend Weisman's assistance to small communities, religious education for Jewish boarders at public schools, and the inspection and advice given to provincial Hebrew classes. This last responsibility was handed over from the Central Council for Jewish Religious Education in 1976.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
According to a letter heading in the first minute book, the firm was established in 1908. Trade directories show Caffin and Company having an office in Craven Street, just off the Strand, from 1912, at which date the firm was described as 'Railway Contractors'. The firm was incorporated in 1921.