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Constituency changes: The county of Middlesex formerly returned two members of parliament for the undivided county. In 1885 seven parliamentary divisions were formed for the county. One of these was the parliamentary division of Ealing. The MP elected to represent the new division was Lord George Hamilton, who had previously been one of the two county MP's. In 1918 the parliamentary borough of Ealing was formed (the municipal borough had come into existence in 1901) and remained relatively unchanged until 1915 when the Ealing East and Ealing West constituencies were carved out of it. Further changes in 1948 replaced these with Ealing North and Ealing South. Later constituency changes are outside the period covered by the records. From 1906-1931 Ealing was represented in parliament by Herbert (later Sir Herbert) Nield, a Conservative. He was followed by Sir Frank Anderson, likewise Conservative, who represented Ealing until 1945 and Ealing East until 1950, and Angus Maude, Conservative, who represented Ealing South from 1950.

Local Conservative Association: It has not been possible to discover the date of the foundation of a Conservative Association in Ealing, but the evidence of the first surviving minute book {ACC/1338/1} shows that the District Conservative and Unionist Association was well established by 1915. The changes in constituencies caused changes in the name of the association. The association, before 1919, was known as the Ealing District Conservative and Unionist Association which endured until 1945. Ealing East Conservative and Unionist Association and then Ealing South Conservative and Unionist Association followed the changes in constituency boundaries of the post war years. The main work of the association was carried out by an executive committee meeting monthly. A general committee later known as the council met infrequently, usually immediately before the Annual General Meeting. A variety of minor or sub-committees dealt with finance, social matters, politics and propaganda, all reporting back to the executive committee.

The constituency was divided into wards, which over the period covered by the records, varied in number from six to nine, i.e. Drayton Ward, Castlebar Ward, Mount Park Ward, Brent Valley Ward, Lammas Ward, Manor Ward, Grange Ward, Greenford and Perivale Ward and Grosvenor Ward. Each ward had its committee usually meeting monthly. Two of these wards are represented in the records. Young people over the age of 16 were catered for politically by the Junior Imperial League, a national body founded in 1906. A junior branch of the Ealing Association replaced this in 1945 and was itself replaced by the Young Conservatives formed in 1948. The women's section of the association were responsible in the 1930's for organising groups on a ward basis, known as Young Britons. Children under the age of 16 made up the membership of these groups and many moved on later to become Junior Imperialists.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

David Brown died in Delhi, India, on the 11th of February 1887.

Tower Hamlets consisted of certain parishes, hamlets and liberties which were outside the jurisdiction of the City of London, but within the liberties of the Tower of London and its Constable or Lieutenant, and included Hackney, Norton Folgate, Shoreditch, Spitalfields, Whitechapel, East Smithfield, St. Katherine's, Wapping, Ratcliffe, Shadwell, Limehouse, Poplar, Blackwall, Bromley, Old Ford, Mile End, and Bethnal Green.

The Duke of Wellington was Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets and Constable of the Tower from 1826 to 1852. James Whiskin was made a J.P. for Middlesex, 16 Nov 1835, at which time he was living in Ashby Street, Clerkenwell and owned property in Conington, Cambridgeshire by which he qualified. He later lived in St Mary's Road, Canonbury Park, Islington. Nothing further is known about him.

Mrs Parnel Seaton was a widow at the time these papers were made, and lived for a time on the island of St Christopher, West Indies before returning to England. One of the letters concerns the winding up of her affairs in St Christopher, including the selling of her slaves.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

The Manor of Isleworth Syon has always been considered as coterminous with the hundred of Isleworth and included the parishes of Isleworth, Twickenham and Heston. At the time of the Domesday survey, in 1086, the manor was in the hands of Walter de St Valery, having been granted to him by William the Conqueror as a reward for his support during the conquest of England. The family retained possession of the manor until 1227 when it escheated to the crown.

In 1229 a full grant of the manor was made by Henry III to his brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, whose son Edward inherited it in 1272. In 1301, Edward's widow Margaret was assigned the manor by Edward I as part of her dower, but it reverted to the crown on her death in 1312.

The manor was eventually granted for life by Edward III to his wife Queen Philippa in 1330. The reversion was included in a grant of lands to Edward, Duke of Cornwall, in 1337. In 1390 Queen Anne the wife of Richard II was given a life interest in the manor. Henry V held the manor, as Prince of Wales, but when king, separated the manor from the duchy of Cornwall by Act of Parliament in 1421 in order to bestow it upon his newly founded convent of Syon. It remained as part of the convent's possessions until the dissolution in 1539 when it fell into the hands of the Crown and was added to the Honour of Hampton Court. In 1604 James I granted the manor to Henry, Earl of Northumberland, in whose family it remained.

One notable event in the later history of the manor occurred in 1656. In that year articles of agreement were drawn up between Algernon, Earl of Northumberland, lord of the manor of Isleworth Syon, and Sir Thomas Ingram and other principal copyhold tenants. These articles established certain of the customs of the manor on a firm basis. Fines and heriots were to be certain and not arbitrary, at the will of the lord. The tenure of customary and was to be by Borough English, whereby the youngest son of a copy holder inherited on the death of his father. These articles were signed on 20 May 1656 and were confirmed by a decree in Chancery, 28 June 1656. (see ACC/1379/330 and partial transcript in History of Syon and Isleworth by G. Aungier p.206) A printed tract called Isleworth Syon's Peace was to be published in 1657 and according to Aungier was to be placed in the Isleworth parish chest. He also refers to a copy in the British Museum. London Metropolitan Archives possesses a copy amongst the archives of the Earl of Jersey.

The manors of Worton and Aystones referred to in ACC/1379/12 originated in two freehold estates in the manor of Isleworth and were both connected with the Eyston Family. Together with other lands they were granted by Henry V to the Abbess and convent of Syon. (see Aungier, p. 212)

In the medieval period the manor of East Bedfont was held by the de Windsor family. From 1542 it was held by the Crown as part of the lands they owned around Windsor. The manor was customarily leased by both the de Windsors and the Crown. Tenants included the Trinitarian Priory at Hounslow, Lord Berkeley, and from 1656 the Earls of Northumberland.

The Mayfield Athletic Club was founded in 1925, and included both cricket and football sections. Events were held at the neighbouring Hazelwood sports ground, Edmonton. Tennis, netball and social sections were developed later. In 1954, the club boasted a membership of around two hundred drawn mainly from Edmonton, Enfield and Tottenham. In 1947 the club was self-supported enough to contemplate purchasing the freehold of the club house and grounds at Kenmare Gardens. However, in 1955, due to later mortgage difficulties, the premises were purchased by Edmonton Borough Council who granted the club a twenty-one year lease.

The collection relates to the land holdings of Benjamin Eager of Old Brentford, a gardener, and his wife Mary.

The collection includes the will of Alexander Macmillan, brother of David Macmillan (1813-1857), bookseller and publisher. In 1843 David opened a shop in Aldersgate Street, City of London and soon after took over an established business in Trinity Street, Cambridge. The two brothers were partners and for a time Alexander ran the shop in Aldersgate Street.

The collection also includes the will of Sir James Thomas Knowles, K.C.V.O., knighted in 1903, editor of the very successful Nineteenth Century, a literary periodical review which started in 1877. He also founded the Metaphysical Society, 1869-1881, and edited the Contemporary Review from 1870 to 1877. As a result of his achievements in the literary world he gained the friendship of Tennyson. By profession an architect, he designed the Thatched House Club, St. James, 1865 and laid out Leicester Square for Albert Grant in 1874.

Watney, Combe, Reid and Co Ltd was formed in 1898 when a merger was negotiated between Watney and Co Ltd of the Stag Brewery, Pimlico; Combe and Co Ltd of the Wood Yard Brewery, Long Acre and Reid's Brewery Co Ltd, of the Griffin Brewery, Clerkenwell. Following the merger the company was the largest brewing concern in the United Kingdom, and was based at Watney's Stag Brewery in Pimlico.

The Stag Brewhouse and Brewery, Pimlico, was founded in 1636 by John Greene and his son Sir William Greene. In 1837 James Watney, a miller, bought a quarter share in the Stag Brewery, alongside John Elliot. From 1849 the firm was known as Elliot, Watney and Co. John Elliot withdrew from the business in 1850, remaining a partner in name only until 1858 when he retired. The firm became known as James Watney and Co. In 1885 Watney and Co Ltd was registered as a limited liability company.

Combe and Co Ltd was founded in 1722 by John Shackley in a former timber yard off Long Acre, London. In 1739 the business was acquired by William Gyfford who enlarged the premises, trading as Gyfford and Co. In 1787 the brewery was purchased by Harvey Christian Combe, a malt factor, but it was not until 1839 that the firm began to trade as Combe and Co. The Wood Yard Brewery closed in 1905 but the Combe family continued to take a major role in the management of Watney, Combe, Reid and Co Ltd.

In 1757 Richard Meux and Mungo Murray acquired the Jackson's Brewery in Mercer Street. When this was damaged in a major fire they constructed new premises at Liquorpond Street (now Clerkenwell Road). In 1793 Andrew Reid joined the business which became known as Meux, Reid and Co. In 1816 the Meux family left the business which changed its name to Reid and Co. The company was registered in 1888 as Reid's Brewery Co Ltd. On the merger with Watney and Combe it ceased to brew.

In 1956 Watney, Combe, Reid and Co Ltd decided that the Stag Brewery offered no further scope for expansion. Mann, Crossman and Paulin Ltd of Whitechapel was acquired to provide a new London brewery, and the company name was changed to Watney Mann Ltd.

The Isleworth Brewery, St John's Road, Isleworth, passed through various owners until it was acquired by William Farnell in 1800, thereafter it remained in the Farnell family. In 1886 it was incorporated as a limited liability company; and acquired Sich and Co Ltd of Chiswick. In 1923 it was acquired by Watney, Combe, Reid and Co Ltd.

The Sessions Book for 13 February 1798 (MJ/SB/B/0456) confirms that a Sarah Evans was indicted, tried and found guilty of petty larceny and sentenced to transportation. Unfortunately the corresponding Sessions Roll is incomplete, containing no trace of her indictment. A Sarah Evans was also involved with Thomas Aris, keeper of the House of Correction, Cold Bath Fields, in an enquiry relating to her child by him (MA/G/GEN.458).

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Edgware Boys manor originates in a grant to the Order of St John of Jerusalem. The order are recorded as holding lands as tenants of the Manor of Edgware in 1277. In 1397 the first mention of a separate manor of Boys appears in a terrier document. After the Dissolution the manor was granted to Sir John Williams and Anthony Stringer, but they alienated it to Henry Page of Harrow. Henry's son sold it to John Scudamore in 1631, and it was then sold to Lord Coventry in 1637. The Coventry family sold it to William Lee of Totteridge Park in 1762. It remained in the Lee family until 1866, thereafter the descent is unclear.

From: 'Edgware: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 155-157 (available online).

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

William George Lobjoit, 1859-1939, was owner of Osterley Park Farm and chairman of W.J. Lobjoit and Son, Ltd., (market gardeners). He represented Heston Electoral Division from 1907 until his election as County Alderman in 1919, remaining in office until his death. He was also chairman and/or member of various committees.

Members of the Pyne family mentioned in these documents include Francis Pyne of Codham Hall, Essex; Reverend William Masters Pyne, rector of Oxted, Surrey, and his sons; and Jasper Richard Masters Pyne of Ballyvolane, Ireland.

An 'indenture' was a deed or agreement between two or more parties. Two or more copies were written out, usually on one piece of parchment or paper, and then cut in a jagged or curvy line, so that when brought together again at any time, the two edges exactly matched and showed that they were parts of one and the same original document. A 'right hand indenture' is therefore the copy of the document which was on the right hand side when the parchment was cut in two.

A bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used by executors to convey land. The bargainee, or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, took possession, often referred to as becoming 'seised' of the land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

John Newton of Old Brentford was a brewer, and several of the documents in this collection relate to public houses, including the Hand and Flower, Half Moon and Seven Stars, Six Bells, and Hare and Hounds.

No historical information has been found for Thomas Poynder.

Parish officials were responsible for early forms of local government as well as administration of the church. In Edmonton, overseers of the poor were first mentioned in 1639. One overseer was appointed for each of the four wards. Parish vestry meetings had begun by 1739 and included a workhouse committee which comprised the trustees, the vicar, churchwardens, overseers and elected parishioners. The committee administered poor relief, providing money or goods to paupers. It appears that the poor were admitted to the workhouse as a last resort, while poor children were apprenticed.

Source of information: 'Edmonton: Local government', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5: Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham (1976), pp. 175-179 (available online).

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Following a dispute between the partners of Reid, Meux and Co., of the Griffin Brewery, Sir Henry Meux left the concern in 1807 and acquired the Horseshoe Brewery in Tottenham Court Road, WC1, trading as Henry Meux and Co.

Meux's Brewery Co Ltd was registered in 1888. In 1921 brewery was transferred to the Nine Elms Brewery in Wandsworth, which was subsequently renamed the Horseshoe Brewery. In 1956 the company merged with Friary, Holroyd and Healy's Breweries Ltd to form Friary Meux Limited. Production finally ceased at the Nine Elms Brewery in 1964.

Friary Meux Ltd was acquired by Allied Breweries Ltd in 1964.

Thomas Knightley (1824-1905) was an architect of some note. He was District Surveyor for Hammersmith for over 40 years. His practise was in Cannon Street EC1. His most famous building was Queen's Hall, Langham Place (1890) which was the home of the Henry Wood Promenade concerts [the Proms] until it was destroyed by enemy action in 1941. He also designed the Birkbeck Bank premises and Saint Paul's Church, Westferry Road.

In 1929 the London County Council tramways, the Underground railways and the London General Omnibus Company proposed to coordinate their services. It was not until 1933, however, that the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was established by law.

During the Second World War the government assumed control of the LPTB, and remained in charge until 1947. In that year the Transport Act set up the British Transport Commission, which appointed executive bodies to deal with transport throughout the country. One of these took over the whole of road and rail transport in London, while the LPTB became the London Transport Executive in 1948.

Between 1970 and 1984 the Greater London Council (GLC) was responsible for the overall policy and finances of London Transport, while the London Tranport Executive was responsible for the day-to-day management and operation of services. On the abolition of the GLC in 1984, London Regional Transport was formed as a statutory corporation responsible to the government. It set up a number of wholly owned subsidiaries, including London Underground Limited and London Buses Limited. In 1990 London Regional Transport became known again as London Transport for all but legal purposes.

A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

William G. Venn was a butcher based in Beckenham, Kent.

William James Bonser lived in Newgate Street, City of London.

Groome, John (1678/9-1760), Church of England clergyman and benefactor, was the son of John Groome of Norwich. After attending Norwich grammar school he entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, as a sizar on 14 October 1695, and graduated BA in 1699. In July 1709 he was presented to the vicarage of Childerditch, Essex, and became also chaplain to Robert, Earl of Holdernesse. Groome married Mary Moor of the parish of St James, Westminster, at Gray's Inn chapel on 28 June 1718. The couple did not have any children.

Groome was the author of several devotional works. The Golden Cordial (1705) provided prayers for every day of the week. The Sinner Convicted (1705) was an attack on atheism. In addition, grieved at what he saw as unjust reflections cast upon the clergy, Groome wrote The Dignity and Honour of the Clergy Represented in an Historical Collection (1710). This aimed to show the significant contribution which the clergy made to the nation 'by their universal learning, acts of charity, and the administration of civil offices'.

Groome died in the parish of St Mary, Whitechapel, on 31 July 1760, and was buried at Childerditch. By his will he bequeathed property for founding exhibitions at Magdalene College, preference to be given to clergymen's sons from Essex. He provided for the payment of £6 a year to the succeeding vicars of Childerditch for ever, that they might go to the college on St Mary Magdalen's day, 22 July, 'when the publick benefactions are read over' to see that his exhibitions were filled in, the profits of such as were vacant to go to the vicar. Groome also gave his library to Magdalene College.

From: Gordon Goodwin, 'Groome, John (1678/9-1760)', rev. Robert Brown, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008.

The London Fire Brigade Widows and Orphans Fund came into existence in 1882. It was known in the Brigade as "The Captain's Club" as a tribute to the then Chief Officer of the Brigade, and originator of the Fund, Sir Eyre Massey Shaw. The impetus for its creation was provided by a donation of £600 from a Miss C. Morris in 1880. There was also the need to administer the money contributed by the public and members of the Fire Brigade following the deaths of firemen whilst on duty.

In the first year the members (about 520) paid 6d per week. On retirement the benefit was £2 a year for each year served, plus a further death benefit if membership was continued. If a fireman was killed on duty the widow received £50 plus a pension of £2 per month. Large donations from the public were needed to maintain these grants.

By 1901 the subscription was increased to one shilling per week but to maintain the Fund public donations were still required. Fund raising was vigorously undertaken by the trustees of the Club and benefits were amended. The widow's pension of £2 ceased after five years of receipt. The death benefit remained at £50 and assistance with funeral costs up to £7.10.0. was given. The Brigade's need for donations became well known and money came in from all sources, including annual donations from King Edward VII and the future George V. The Sovereign has continued to act as Patron of the Fund.

The Committee of the Club originally consisted of the Chief Officer of the London Fire Brigade as President or Chairman, other senior officers and the trustees. The men were represented by members from the station at each Annual General Meeting.

At this time the Club was the only form of welfare and benevolence in the Brigade. Convalescent holidays were arranged for sick and injured men and in 1911 the first steps towards looking after orphans in a specialised way were taken. Following the death of a fireman with several children the Committee put the benefit to an annuity of ten shillings a week. This matured nineteen years later when the youngest child reached the age of 21. It was not until twenty five years later that a weekly allowance was made to orphans.

When the subscription proved to much for members (especially retired members) to afford, it was deemed acceptable to pay half or quarter of the total amount. Half and quarter benefits were paid for these reduced subscriptions. In certain cases the Committee waived payment altogether, especially when young children were in need.

During the years of the First World War the members demanded better representation on the Committee. The issue was considered and it was decided that a member from each of the six areas be voted on to the Committee.

By the end of the war the Club was responsible for £45,400 and membership was in the region of 1600.

In 1919 the Emergency Fund was instituted. The Committee was free to administer the funds to the best advantage and give aid as soon as it was needed, without being bound by any restrictions.

The Retirement Fund was another scheme for which the Club Committee was responsible. It started about 1916 and collapsed, being revived again in 1919. A lump sum equal to the week's takings was given to each member as he retired. The Fund cost 6d to join. It was disbanded in the 1950s by which time the original membership of 700 had risen to 1500.

The 1920s and 1930s were times of hardship for many, and this, added to an increase in the Brigade's establishment, meant that there were frequent calls on the Club's resources. The Distress Fund was formed in the mid 1930s to provide a means whereby money could be borrowed to clear debts and then be paid back without incurring interest. The Sub-Committee controlling this Fund consisted of a principal officer, a superintendent and two elected representatives.

The first full-time paid official was instituted in the 1930s. From 1 July 1933 the Secretary, Mr. W.G. Coles, who had been honorary since 1915, was paid a salary of £300 per annum.

The Club was responsible for maintaining the "Fireman's Corner" at Highgate Cemetery. In 1934 they paid for a memorial to be erected in honour of the 97 men who were buried there.

The Second World War saw a rise in the number of orphans receiving allowances. During the war the membership of the Club became dispersed. Auxiliary Fire Service and the National Fire Service personnel were not allowed to join as they were not members of the London Fire Brigade. Subscription collection became increasingly difficult and quarterly payment instead of weekly was introduced.

The National Fire Service formed its own Benevolent Fund in the 1940s. The Club feared a takeover attempt but this did not come to pass and at the end of the war the NFS was wound down. In common with other organisations the Committee of the Club found themselves preparing for the future in a country whose social patterns had been irrevocably altered by the war. In May 1945 a special sub-committee was set up to vet the rules and set future policy. The Secretary was joined by another paid official, the Assistant Secretary. A new Rules Sub-Committee was formed and changed the formation of the Committee to elected representatives from each division plus senior officer ranks.

In 1959 the Club became a Friendly Society to save tax. This idea had been mooted several times before (during the two world wars for example) but the Committee had decided that at times of national emergency it was its patriotic duty to pay income tax.

By 1961 there were approximately 2000 active and 1500 retired members. The orphans numbered 63.

In 1965 the Club was united with the West Ham Widows and Orphans Fund. In 1970 the Club handed over responsibility for Fireman's Corner, Highgate Cemetery to the Brigade's Welfare Section. Also in 1970-1971, following the decimalization of currency and in an attempt to counter the rise in inflation which was devaluing the benefit payment of £200, a "new scheme" was introduced. Units of 15p were paid weekly giving benefits subject to a person's age on joining.

In the 1980s the active membership stood at 2805 with 1083 retired members. 32 orphans received a benefit allowance of £1.00 per week plus a Christmas bonus of £15.00. Payment of death benefit could be obtained from holding a maximum of ten units. The existence of the Club was bought to the attention of all new recruits and they were entitled to join at any time up to the age of 45 years.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Ackroyd Road runs between Brockley Rise and Garthorne Road, Honor Oak Park, in the borough of Lewisham.

Sir John Maynard, 1602-1690, was a Member of Parliament and lawyer. In 1645 he was granted the books and manuscripts of the late Lord Chief Justice Bankes. In 1698/9 he was made Lord Commissioner of the Great Seal with Sir William Rawlinson. He was buried at Ealing and his library of manuscripts is now at Lincolns Inn Library.

The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography notes: "having survived nearly all his family, Maynard left his property to his grandchildren in a will so tangled by the remainders he appointed that it required a private act of parliament and litigation to unravel" - the agreement in this collection arises from this action. Maynard's eldest daughter was married to Sir Duncumbe Colchester; his grand-daughters were married to Sir Henry Hobart and Thomas, Earl of Stafford.

Paul D. Halliday, 'Maynard, Sir John (1604-1690)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004.

Papers donated by the Sussex Archaeological Society.

Jonathan Crane lived at 3 Tulse Hill Terrace, Lambeth and died in 1860.

A militia force was raised from the civilian population of a county, in order to supplement the regular army in cases of emergency. In Middlesex they were called out at times of unrest. They came to be supplemented by volunteer forces. In times of emergency companies of volunteers were often raised, financed and governed by private committees of subscribers and in many cases remained in existence for only a few years, such as those raised by the 1794 Bill for "encouraging and disciplining such corps and companies of men as shall voluntarily enrol for the defence of their counties, towns and coasts or for the general defence of the Kingdom during the Present War [with France]".

There were around 300 militiamen in Middlesex in 1802. During the Napoleonic Wars this number rose to over 2000 by 1808 and 12,000 by 1812. By a General Order dated 1 June 1847, personnel who had fought in the campaigns against France and her allies between 1801 and 1814 were allowed to apply for the Military General Service Medal with clasps for individual battles.

William Comyns of Lena Villa, Highgate Rise was a silversmith. He appears to have retired to Bromley, assigning his property to Charles Harling Comyns and Richard Henry Comyns of 41 Beak Street, silversmiths, presumably his sons. Charles and Richard traded as William Comyns and Sons, manufacturing silversmiths, from the Beak Street address.

The auctioneers were Goddand and Smith and the auction was held 14-17 July 1964 at the Piccadilly Hotel.

The Gascherie and Gashry families were related by the marriage of Suzanne Gascherie, daughter of Estienne and Suzanne Gascherie to Francois Gashry, a parfumier, at the church of St Mary Magdalen, Old Fish Street, London on 10 December 1696. Gashry appears to be an anglicised form of Gasherie, and it is possible that the two families are related but their connection is not apparent from the documents in this collection.

Francois and Suzanne Gashry had 12 children. The eldest, Susanne Gashry (Gascherie) returned to La Rochelle and died there in 1762 (see ACC/2079/A1). Her sister, Madeleine Gashry (Gascherie) brought the law suit to claim inheritance of lands in La Rochelle against more distant relatives, the Bonneau family (see ACC/2079/A1). Documents relating to the Gashry family were produced to prove Madeline's title to the lands, as a direct descendant of Estienne Gascherie through her mother Suzanne Gascherie, wife of Francois Gashry (see ACC/2079/A1) and to show that Gashry and Gascherie were variant spellings of the same name. As these documents refer principally to the Gascherie branch of the family they have been put with other documents relating to the legal case.

Francois and Suzanne Gashry's son Francis Gashry was a commissioner of the Navy in 1741 and Treasurer and Paymaster of His Majesty's Ordnance in 1751 (ACC/2079/B1/004). He married Martha ,whose will survives (ACC/2079/B1/007) and died in 1762 (ACC/2079/B1/002-003). A daughter, Margaret Gashry married Abraham Ogier in 1767 and her will also survives (ACC/2079/B2/001). Another daughter, Mary Martha married Henry Henrott, thus making the connection with the Hanrott family (see ACC/2079/C).

The Hanrott family is another Huguenot family. Jonas Hanrot came to England from Sedan. The Hanrott family name is a corruption of the original Henreau and is found in various forms including Henrott and Hanrot. Jonas Hanrot married Marie Anne Bocquet (Bauquer, Boque) in 1688 and their son Henry Hanrott married Marie Marthe Gascherie in 1724. They had two sons and a daughter. One of their sons, Francis Hanrott, (ACC/2079/C1/001) had seven children, including Francis Gashry Hanrott (ACC/2079/C2/001) and Philip Augustus Hanrott (ACC/2079/C3). Philip Augustus Hanrott was apprenticed as a solicitor's clerk to the firm of Dunn Lancaster and Dunn (see ACC/2079/D) and later formed his own firms, Hanrott and Metcalfe and Hanrott and Son (see ACC/2079/E,F). He married Caroline Cory and had several children including Henry Augustus Hanrott (ACC/2079/C5) with whom he had the solicitor's partnership, and Philip Augustus Hanrott Jnr. (ACC/2079/C6). Henry Augustus married his cousin Louisa Cory and had two sons, Howard Augustus, and Robert Cory (ACC/2079/C7) who married Julia Hanson and had several children, including Conrad Hanrott (ACC/2079/C8).

Philip Augustus Hanrott was articled to the firm of Dunn, Lancaster and Dunn in 1795 (ACC/2079/C3/001). The papers in this group relate to cases dealt with by Dunn, Lancaster and Dunn, and retained by P A Hanrott. The Penn papers (ACC/2079/D/003) include the Cremorne papers which do not appear to have a clear connection with the solicitor's firm, but which may have been kept with other Penn papers as the Penns were related to the Cremornes by marriage.

Philip Augustus Hanrott formed his own solicitors firm after leaving Dunn, Lancaster and Dunn. The first partnership was with a Mr Metcalfe and it broke up around 1837 (see ACC/2079/E6/005). The second partnership was with his son Henry Augustus Hanrott, and there seems also to have been a partnership with Charles Cory, Henry's brother-in-law. The last partnership was dissolved on Henry's death in 1852, although the settlement of accounts took until 1857 (see ACC/2079/E6/008).

The Archbishop of York held extensive estates in Battersea, Penge and Wandsworth partly derived from the Bridge Court Estate. Hanrott and Metcalfe acted as stewards for the Archbishop, collecting rents etc. In 1813 and 1837 the Archbishop of York applied for Acts of Parliament to allow him to sell off the Battersea and Wandsworth estates, to keep the revenue in trust for purchasing similar estates near the home estates of Bishopthorpe in Yorkshire (see ACC/2079/F1/008-012). Hanrott and Metcalfe were involved in valuing the land, calculating fines and arranging the sale of the estates to the tenants. The Archbishop also purchased a London house in 1809.

Brookes and Studd (Auctioneers and Estate Agents) were based at 136a Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park, London.

Based at 64 Lincoln's Inn Fields, William Oliver was a solicitor involved in the development of land at Devonshire Road in Forest Hill, Lewisham.

William was trustee of the Wills of his father (Thomas) and brother (Arthur) and the Marriage Settlement of his sister (Mrs Sanders).

Grub Street (now Milton Street), Bunhill Row and Chiswell Street are situated close together in Moorgate.

An annuity is an annual payment.

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Southwark Wel-Care was founded in April 1894 as the Rochester Diocesan Association for the Care of Friendless Girls. At that date the present Diocese of Southwark was part of the Diocese of Rochester. Its object was to endeavour to link together the various associations, homes, and workers engaged in rescue work throughout the Diocese and to start new efforts where required. Helpers, both paid and voluntary, were needed. Outdoor work was carried out by paid trained rescue workers responsible to the local Ladies' Executive Committee, who visited 'girls in their own lodgings, in the common lodging houses, and houses of ill repute'. Many of the local associations ran maternity homes and refuges. 125 Kennington Road was acquired on lease in 1903 as a 'Central Home'. It housed the Diocesan Office and provided accommodation for rescue workers, and training facilities for ladies interested in rescue work. Local associations were responsible for collecting and expending their own funds, but many could not exist without help from the Central Association.

In October 1904 a new constitution was adopted. The two central Committees, one of men and one of women, were replaced by a Council. In 1905 the Diocese of Southwark was created from the western part of the Diocese of Rochester. Accordingly in May 1905 the Rochester Diocesan Association for the Care of Friendless Girls was dissolved and then immediately re-formed as the Southwark Diocesan Association for the Care of Friendless Girls. In May 1914 it changed its name to the Southwark Diocesan Association for Preventative and Rescue Work.

Two diocesan homes were directly responsible to Council. The Diocesan Medical Home was founded at Woolwich in 1913 for the treatment of young girls suffering from venereal disease. It moved in 1918 to 80 Stockwell Park Road and closed in 1935. The Diocesan Maternity Home opened in 1928 at Stretton House, Grove Park. It was evacuated during the Second World War to Limpsfield, Surrey and returned to Grove Park in 1946 as the Diocesan Mother and Baby Home. It closed in 1976. Other homes were run by local associations.

The Diocesan Association adopted a new constitution in 1915 whereby representatives elected by local branches came onto the Council. In February 1932 it changed its name again to the Southwark Diocesan Association for Moral Welfare. A major reorganisation of the local associations took place in 1965 to bring them in line with the new London boroughs. In 1970 the name Southwark Diocesan Council for Wel-care was adopted.

The nature of the work of Southwark Wel-Care has changed considerably over the years. At first its aims were to help and restore the mothers of illegitimate children, to rescue prostitutes and to save young women who were in danger of being led astray. In 1914 a special branch of the association was formed to help children in moral difficulty. This was known as the South London Committee for the Protection of Children, later the South London Association for the Moral Welfare of Children. Its work was transferred to the London County Council Education Committee in 1950.

By 1934 more emphasis was being place on the welfare of illegitimate children including the advisability of adoption in certain cases. The bulk of the work was concerned with assisting mothers during their pregnancy and helping them to support and bring up their child afterwards. Unless the mother was able to return to her own parents or to take her baby with her when she went into service, many children had to be placed with foster mothers. The number of adoption increased after the Second World War reaching a peak in the 1960s, followed by a dramatic decline.

Official concern over the increased number of illegitimate births during the War was expressed in the Home Office Circular 2866 of October 1943. This requested local authorities to assist voluntary agencies caring for illegitimate children and their mothers. The social legislation of 1946-1948 did not provide services specifically for unmarried mothers and their children other than certain medical and maternity care which was given to all mothers.

In many areas local authorities gave grants to assist Diocesan councils for moral welfare, and worked in close co-operation with them. From 1971 assistance for one parent families came within the responsibilities of the new local authority social services departments. In 1975 the object of Southwark Wel-Care was defined as being to promote the welfare of one parent families and other families with similar problems. Its provision took the form of casework service, mother and baby homes, and housing projects such as flats for unsupported mothers.

A considerable influence on the work of Southwark Wel-Care has been exercised by the successive organising secretaries, the principal official based at the Diocesan office. In 1971 this post became that of Director. The following women held this position: Frances Hogg (1894-1912)
H M Morris (1912-1924)
S E Pinney (1925-1928)
Lila Retallack (1929-1934)
K Bromhead (1934-1951)
M A V Raynes (1951-1964)
Phillis Thomas (1964-1976)
Janet Evanson (1976-)

Hornsey Parochial Charities was established in 1890 by a Scheme uniting all the parish charities. Various charities were added later, including Churchfield, the Fuel fund, the Maria Tame charity and the bequest of Colonel John William Bird. Apprenticeship charities were managed separately by the same trustees. The income of the charity came from the leases of the parish cottages, and, after they were demolished, lease or sale of the land.

The charity provided pensions and gave grants to dispensaries, hospitals, nursing associations, convalescent homes, and provident clubs, and to individuals preparing for a trade or in temporary distress.

Source of information: 'Hornsey, including Highgate: Charities for the poor', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6: Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate (1980), pp. 199-205 (available online).

A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.

Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.

An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).

Abstract of title is a summary of prior ownership of a property, drawn up by solicitors. Such an abstract may go back several hundred years or just a few months, and was usually drawn up just prior to a sale.

A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.

From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".

Frederick Albert Winsor, born Friedrich Albrecht Winzler in Moravia, came to London in 1803 to exploit his ideas for the provision of public and domestic lighting from gas. When Winsor arrived in London he had much public scepticism to contend with. He established himself in Cheapside and in May 1804 obtained a patent for gas-making apparatus. Over the next five years he was to be awarded three further patents for gas generation. He began his campaign in 1804 with a series of public lectures at the Lyceum Theatre, and included a demonstration of an ornate chandelier and an explanation of how gas could be conveyed to different rooms in a house. He acquired premises for gas manufacture in Mayfair. In 1806 he relocated at 97 Pall Mall, and in 1807 he staged spectacular public demonstrations of gas lighting on the walls of Carlton House and in Pall Mall. All this was accompanied by a volley of colourful pamphlets and advertisements, some in other languages.

In 1807 Winsor issued a prospectus for the grandiose New Patriotic Imperial and National Light and Heat Company. He claimed that annual profits would amount to £229 million, of which nine-tenths would go towards redeeming the national debt. Individuals subscribing £50 could expect an annual return of £6000 and an eventual capital appreciation of £120,000. Few were taken in by this (though Winsor is said to have raised nearly £50,000 by subscription) and he was publicly ridiculed by such well-known public figures as Walter Scott and Humphry Davy. Nevertheless, hard-headed businessmen began to feel that there might be money in gas. An important consideration was that Winsor had recognized that the future of gas lay not in local generation but in central generation, and in distribution to a large number of customers through a network of mains and pipes.

In the same year a group of influential backers, led by James Ludovic Grant, met at the Crown and Anchor in the Strand to try to launch some sort of public venture. At that time any company raising capital by selling shares was deemed a partnership: if it failed, all its members were held personally liable for losses. It was therefore decided to seek a charter by act of Parliament. An initial application in 1809 seeking to raise £1 million failed, largely through opposition by rivals such as Murdock and the younger James Watt. However, a more modest application for £200,000 was successful in 1810, though stringent conditions were attached. By 1810 these had been fulfilled and on 9 June the Gas Light and Coke Company-commonly known as the chartered company-was formally established, with Grant as its first governor.

Source: Trevor I. Williams, 'Winsor, Frederick Albert (1763-1830)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004

The Parish of Saint Thomas', Southwark was closely allied with Saint Thomas' Hospital and the Governors of the Hospital paid for the upkeep of the building and also appointed and paid the incumbent. The parish covered only eight acres and included the grounds of Saint Thomas' Hospital and much of Guy's Hospital and was therefore the parish church for the hospitals.

Th parish was not created until 1378 but there were certain parochial rights already in existance before then. The church was dedicated to Saint Thomas the Martyr until the reformation when the dedication was changed to Saint Thomas the Apostle. During the middle ages a substantial stone church was built and was granted to the corporation of the City of London with the hospital buildings at the refounding of Saint Thomas' hospital in 1551. This was rebuilt inbetween 1700 and 1702 with the interior work all being funded by the hospital.

In 1836 the parish was for poor law and other civil purposes united with Saint Olave's, Southwark and Saint John's, Horsleydown to form Saint Olave's Union. To this were added Saint Mary Magdelene, Bermondsey and Saint Mary, Rotherhithe in 1869. In 1898 Saint Thomas' Church was closed down and the parish incorporated into Saint Saviour's, Southwark for ecclesiastical purposes. The parish church of Saint Saviour later became Southwark Cathedral and Saint Thomas' church is now used as the Cathedral Chapter House. It also housed the Old Operating Theatre, Museum and Herb Garrett in the roof space of the church where an operating theatre was in use in 1821.

The Anchor Brewery in Southwark was established in 1616 by James Monger and taken over later by James Monger junior. It was bought by James (or Josiah) Child by 1670; who was joined by his son-in-law Edmund Halsey in 1693. Halsey became sole proprietor on Child's death. The brewery was bought in 1729 by Ralph Thrale, Halsey's nephew, and passed to his son Henry in 1758. It was sold on Henry Thrale's death in 1781 to David Barclay, Robert Barclay, Sylvanus Bevan and John Perkins. The name was later changed from "Thrale and Company" (later "H. Thrale and Company") to "Barclay Perkins and Company" on 1 Jan 1798. The company was incorporated as "Barclay Perkins and Company Limited" in 1896. Barclay Perkins took over Style and Winch with the Dartford Brewery Company and the Royal Brewery Brentford in 1929. In 1951 the company began to establish the Blue Nile Brewery in Khartoum.

John Courage of Aberdeen bought a brewhouse in Southwark in 1787. After his death it was managed by his wife Harriet and then the senior clerk John Donaldson. It was known as Courage and Donaldson from about 1800 until 1851, when John Courage junior and his sons removed the Donaldsons from management. The company was incorporated as Courage and Company Limited in 1888.

The Brewery was founded in Reading in 1768 by William Simonds. The brewery moved to Broad Street in 1782 and Bridge Street in 1790. By late nineteenth century the brewery had established overseas branches to supply army garrisons. The business was incorporated in November 1885 as H and G Simonds Limited.

Courage and Barclay Limited was formed in 1955 upon the merger of Barclay Perkins and Company Limited and Courage and Company Limited. Took over Charles Kinloch and Reffells Bexley Brewery in 1957 and Yardley's London and Provincial Stores and Santovin in 1959. Nicholson and Sons Limited was a wholly owned subsidiary by 1959.

Courage, Barclay and Simonds Limited was created by the merger of Courage and Barclay Limited and H and G Simonds Limited in 1960. Courage Barclay and Simonds Limited changed its name to Courage Limited in 1970. In 1972 the firm was acquired by Imperial Tobacco Group Limited for £320 million, changed name to Imperial Brewing and Leisure Limited. In 1986 Imperial Group acquired by Hanson Trust plc, which sold Courage Limited as a separate concern to Elders IXL, the Australian conglomerate.

The Blue Nile Brewery, Khartoum, Sudan, was incorporated on the 24 December 1951 as Barclay Perkins and Company (Sudan) Limited. The name was changed to Blue Nile Brewery Limited in December 1954; production began in 1955. The Brewery made a beer called "Camel Brand" which was to be marketed throughout the Sudan region. The Brewery was nationalised by the Sudanese Revolutionary Council in 1970.