Thomas Perronet Thompson was born in Kingston upon Hull in 1783. He was educated at Hull Grammar School and Queens' College Cambridge. He joined the navy in 1803, transferring to the army three years later and rising though the ranks of officers steadily to lieutenant-colonel by the time of his retirement from active service in 1829. After retiring he received several more promotions by brevet and was made a general the year before his death. Firmly opposed to slavery and exploitation, Thompson introduced extensive reforms whilst colonial governor of Sierra Leone (1808-1810). He was also interested in economics and politics, being active in the Anti-Corn Law League, writing several books, and serving as radical MP for Hull (1835-1837) and for Bradford (1847-1852, 1857-1859). He died in Blackheath, Kent in 1869.
Sir Henry Thompson was born in Framlingham, Suffolk, in 1820. He was apprenticed to George Bottomley in Croydon in 1844, and he also entered University College London to study medicine. He won the gold medal in anatomy in 1849, the gold medal in surgery in 1851 and took the MB degree. He was House Surgeon from 1850, and Jospeh Lister was one of his dressers. Thompson went into partnership with his former master, George Bottomley, at Croydon, in 1851, but after a few months moved to practice surgery at 35 Wimpole Street, where he lived for the rest of his life. He was Surgeon to the St Marylebone Infirmary, and was Assistant Surgeon, and then full Surgeon to University College Hospital in 1853. He was Professor of Clinical Surgery in 1866, and Consulting Surgeon and Emeritus Professor of Clinical Surgery on his retirement in 1874. Thompson devoted himself to genito-urinary surgery. He operated on King Leopold I of Belgium in 1863. He treated Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, at Camden Place, Chislehurst, in 1872 and 1873. Thompson was also a pioneer of cremation. He first drew attention to cremation with an article in the Contemporary Review in 1874. He was also President of the Cremation Society. Thompson was made knight bachelor in 1867 and created a baronet in 1899. He died in 1904.
Thompson was born in Wombwell, South Yorkshire, and educated at King Edward VII School, Sheffield, and Trinity College, Oxford, where his tutor was C.N. Hinshelwood. He gained first class honours in Natural Sciences (Chemistry) in 1929. He then spent a year researching in Berlin with F. Haber before returning to Oxford to take up a Fellowship at St John's College. Thompson quickly established himself as one of the finest teachers in the university and many of his students went on to great scientific distinction and included F.S. Dainton, C.F. Kearton, J.W. Linnett, R.E. Richards and D.H. Whiffen, all of whom became Fellows of the Royal Society. Thompson's main research interest in Berlin had been gas reactions but on his return to Oxford he focused his research activity in the area of chemical spectroscopy and in particular work on the infrared. During the Second World War he worked for the Ministry of Aircraft Production in collaboration with G.B.B.M. Sutherland on the infrared spectroscopic analysis of enemy aviation fuels, and in 1943 he and Sutherland were members of a British scientific mission which visited the USA on behalf of the Ministry. After the war Thompson continued to play a major role in demonstrating how infrared spectra might be applied to a very wide range of chemical studies. He contributed to international science as Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society, 1965-1971, when the Society's overseas activities were greatly expanded, and as President of International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), 1963-1966, and of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), 1973-1975. Throughout his life Thompson gave devoted service to football, from amateur player in his youth to Chairman of the Football Association, 1976-1981.
Thompson was elected FRS in 1946 (Davy Medal 1965) and was knighted in 1968.
Benjamin Thompson was born in Massachusetts in 1753. He became interested in science when young. In 1772 he married Sarah Rolfe, a well-connected heiress, and became a landowner and a major in the New Hampshire militia. He fought for the British during the American Revolution and moved to London in 1776, where he continued to serve in the British army, spending much of his time in Bavaria and taking part in the French Revolutionary Wars. He carried out scientific work throughout his army career, concentrating particularly on thermodynamics and inventing several devices relating to heat retention. Thompson was knighted in 1784 and created Count Rumford in the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire in 1792. With Sir Joseph Banks he established the Royal Institution of Great Britain in 1799, and he endowed a professorship at Harvard University. In later life Sir Benjamin settled in Paris. Sarah Thompson having died in 1792, he married Antoine Lavoisier's widow, Marie-Anne, as his second wife in 1804, but they separated a few years later. He continued his scientific work until his death in 1814.
Silvanus Phillips Thompson was born into a Quaker family in York in 1851. He became a science teacher at the Bootham School in York, in 1873. He later taught physics at University College Bristol (now the University of Bristol) before becoming professor of physics at the new City and Guilds of London Institute in Finsbury in 1878, aged 27. Thompson's research was mainly in the field of electromagnetism and optics, but he had wide interests outside science and was much concerned with technical education. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1891. He is now best remembered for the textbooks Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism (1890) and Calculus Made Easy (1910). His first name is sometimes spelt 'Sylvanus'.
Silvanus P Thompson was born into a Quaker family in York in 1851. He became a science teacher at the Bootham School in York, in 1873. He later taught physics at University College Bristol (now the University of Bristol) before becoming Professor of Physics at the new City and Guilds of London Institute in Finsbury in 1878, aged 27. Thompson's research was mainly in the field of electromagnetism and optics, but he had wide interests outside science and was much concerned with technical education. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1891. He is now best remembered for the textbooks Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism (1890) and Calculus Made Easy (1910). His first name is sometimes spelt 'Sylvanus'.
Born, York, 1851; educated at Bootham School, York; Flounders' Institute, Pontefract; Royal College of Chemistry, 1875-1876; Science master, York; Professor of Experimental Physics, University College, Bristol, 1876-1885; Principal and Professor of Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering, Finsbury Technical College, 1885-1916; President of the Physical Society; President of the Institution of Electrical Engineers; particularly noted for his work in electrical engineering; died, 1916.
Publications: include: Dynamo-Electric Machinery: a manual for students of electrotechnics Second edition (E & F N Spon, London, 1884); Light Visible and Invisible. A series of lectures delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, at Christmas, 1896, with additional lectures (Macmillan & Co, London, 1897); Michael Faraday. His life and work (Cassell & Co, London, 1898); Optical Tables and Data for the use of opticians (E & F N Spon, London, 1900); Contributions to Photographic Optics by Otto Lummer, translated and augmented by S P Thompson (Macmillan & Co, London, 1900); The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs (Macmillan & Co, London, 1910); Calculus made Easy (Macmillan & Co, London, 1910).
Born 1851, York, to a Quaker family. His father was a schoolmaster at Bootham School; Thompson attended his father's classes before moving on to the Flounders Institute, a training school for teachers at Ackworth, where he took the London BA degree in 1869. Appointed science master at Bootham 1870-1875; gained a scholarship to the London School of Mines and took the London BSc degree in 1875. Went to Heidelberg where he attended lectures by Robert Bunsen and Georg Hermann Quincke 1876; appointed to the Chair of Physics at University College Bristol 1876-1885. Married Jane S Henderson of Glasgow 1881; published 'Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism', 1881; selected a Member of the Society of Telegraph Engineers and Electricians 1882; published 'Dynamo-Electric Machinery: a Manual for Students of Electrotechnics' 1884; Principal and Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering in the City and Guilds of London Technical College 1885 -1916; elected a member of the Royal Insitution 1886; delivered the Cantor Lectures to the Society of Arts on the subject of the electromagnet and electromagnetic mechanisms 1890 and again on the subject of the Arc Light 1895; honorary Vice Presidents of the Electrical Exhibition in Frankfurt 1891; elected a Fellow of the Royal Society 1891; member of the British Delegation to the Electrical Congress in Chicago 1893; first President of the Rontgen Society 1897; President of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 1899; elected to the Senate of London University 1900; gave the first Kelvin Lecture at the Institution of Electrical Engineers on the life of Lord Kelvin 1908; delivered the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures on Sound 1910-1911; honorary Vice President of the Electrotechnical Congress at Turin 1911; wrote a paper on the development of compass cards for the Proceedings of the British Academy 1914; Thompson was one of the pioneers of ocean telephony and his ideas attracted world wide attention. He is also famous for designing rotatory (now rotary ) converters. Wrote biographies of Michael Faraday and Lord Kelvin and was interested in optics, musical harmony and harmonic analysis. He was convinced of the need for the closest co-operation between science and industry. He was also a keen advocate of technical education and apprenticeship teaching at the City and Guilds of London Technical College. He was an accomplished artist and had some of his paintings exhibited at the Royal Academy. Died 13 June 1916.
CBE, MA, DSc, DM, BCh, FRS, FRCP, FRCPath, FRS.
Biochemist; Professor of Chemical Pathology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, University of London, 1947-1965; Secretary-General International Union of Biochemistry 1955-1964; Director, Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, University of London, 1965-1976; Wellcome Trust Trustee, 1963-1982, and Deputy Chairman, 1978-1982; Chairman Chemical Defence Advisory Board, Ministry of Defence, 1968-1975.
Dr Ralph Wardlaw Thompson: born into a London Missionary Society (LMS) family at Bellary, southern India, 1842; son of the Rev William Thompson and Jessie Crawford (daughter of the Rev Dr Ralph Wardlaw); moved to South Africa when his father became the LMS agent there; educated at the South African College, Cape Town; BA, University of the Cape of Good Hope; returned to England, but poor health prevented him from becoming a missionary, 1861; minister of Ewing Place Congregational Church, Glasgow, 1865-1870; minister of Norwood Congregational Church, Liverpool, 1871-1880; elected to the Board of Directors of the LMS, 1874; foreign secretary of the LMS, 1881-1914; visited missions in India, China, South Africa, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, and the South Seas; Chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, 1908; leader at the Edinburgh World Missionary Conference, 1910; first chairman of the Conference of British Missionary Societies; retired, 1914; Doctor of Divinity, Glasgow University and Edinburgh University; died, 1916. For further information see Basil Mathews, Dr Ralph Wardlaw Thompson (1917). Publications include: with Arthur N Johnson, British Foreign Missions 1837-1897 (1899); My Trip on the `John Williams' (1900); Griffith John: the story of 50 Years in China (1906).
Dr Ralph Wardlaw: born at Dalkeith, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, 1779; educated at the grammar school, Glasgow; matriculated at Glasgow University, 1791; entered the theological school; came under evangelical influence; completed his studies, 1800; became a Congregationalist; an independent chapel was erected for him in North Albion Street, Glasgow, 1803; married Jane Smith, 1803; eleven children; professor of systematic theology at the newly-founded Glasgow Theological Academy, 1811; secretary of the Glasgow auxiliary of the British and Foreign Bible Society and actively interested in the London Missionary Society; active in the anti-slavery movement; Doctor of Divinity, Yale College, Connecticut, 1818; a larger chapel was erected for him in West George Street, Glasgow, 1819; maintained his connection with his Glasgow chapel until his death; prominent in Britain and America as an author on theological questions; died at Easterhouse, 1853. Publications: various theological writings.
Dr John Smith Wardlaw: born, 1813; son of Ralph Wardlaw; LMS missionary in India; at Bellary, 1842-1855; at Vizagapatam, 1855-1858; returned to England, 1858; president of Farquhar House, Highgate (an LMS institute for training missionaries), 1863; Doctor of Divinity, Glasgow University, 1870; died, 1872.
It has not been possible to trace any information about R L Thompson beyond the facts which can be deduced from the internal evidence in these notebooks, i.e. that he was an undergraduate at Keble College Oxford and came from Warwick. He seems to have been at Oxford during the early 1920s, from the few loose dated items in GC/35/5. He does not seem to have become a doctor, as his name does not appear in the Medical Directory.
Percival George Thompson (1866-1953) was born in Surrey and trained as an architect. He moved to Loughton in 1901 and became an enthusiastic local historian and naturalist, a member of the Essex Field Club, as well as serving as Chairman of Loughton Urban District Council, 1918-1920. Thompson's publications included The Story of the Parish Church of Loughton, Essex (1946) and contributions to nature journals. He was Curator of Queen Elizabeth's Lodge Museum, Chingford from 1917-1948. He died in 1953 and is buried in Loughton Cemetery.
Information from: http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/portal/p/Noteworthy+naturalist/s/17
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Gertrude Caton-Thompson was born in London on 1 February 1888; educated privately and at the Links School, Eastbourne; employed by the Ministry of Shipping and promoted to a senior secretarial post in which she attended the Paris peace conference, 1917. She declined a permanent appointment in the civil service, and in 1921, aged thirty-three and with none of the usual qualifications, began archaeological studies under the Egyptologist Flinders Petrie at University College, London, joining his excavations at Abydos in Upper Egypt that winter. Caton-Thompson spent the next year at Newnham College; returned to Egypt in 1924 and joined Petrie and Guy Brunton at Qau el Kibir. While they concentrated their excavations on predynastic cemeteries she had concluded, well ahead of her time, that settlement sites would be more informative, embarking on her own excavations on the site of a predynastic village at Hamamiyyah, she made the first discovery of remains of the very early Badarian civilization.
In 1925 Caton-Thompson travelled to north-western Egypt and the desert margins of Lake El Faiyûm, accompanied by the Oxford geologist Elinor Gardner, to assist in an attempt to correlate lake levels with archaeological stratification discovering two unknown neolithic cultures which proved later to be related to the Khartoum neolithic. In 1929 Caton-Thompson received an invitation from the British Association for the Advancement of Science to investigate the great monumental ruins at Zimbabwe in southern Africa; confirmed the conclusion reached by David Randall-MacIver in 1905 that they belonged to an indigenous African culture and were not, as widely believed, of oriental origin and was also able to date the ruins back to the eighth or ninth century AD and to produce evidence of Zimbabwe's links with Indian Ocean trade.
Caton-Thompson's last excavations, in 1937, were at al-Huraydah in the Hadhramaut, southern Arabia, where she excavated the Moon Temple and tombs of the fifth and fourth centuries BC. They were the first scientific excavations in southern Arabia. Caton-Thompson retired from fieldwork after the World War Two and from her home in Cambridge pursued her research activities and visited excavations in east Africa. In 1961, she became a founding member of the British School of History and Archaeology in East Africa (later the British Institute in Eastern Africa), served on its council for ten years, and was later elected an honorary member. She received an honorary fellowship of Newnham College, Cambridge, and an honorary LittD (1954); Fellow of Royal Geographical Society 1934-1939; Fellow of the British Academy in 1944 and a Fellow of University College, London. She died on 18 April 1985.
Ethne Thompson was involved in the running of a girls' club.
Edward Thompson, Commodore ([1738]-1786);Thompson, son of a merchant, appears to have gone to sea at the age of 12. He is said to have made a voyage to Greenland in 1750. He served on board the STIRLING CASTLE, Hon East India Company, in 1755 and in 1757 was promoted as Lieutenant of the JASON. In 1758, he was moved to the DORSETSHIRE in which he took part in the blockade of Brest and the Battle of Quiberon Bay. He was on board the BELLONA from 1760 to 1763 and then on half pay. In 1771, he was promoted to Commander and served in the North Sea on preventive service. He moved to the RAVEN later that year. He was again on half-pay from 1772 until 1778, when he was appointed to the HYENA and went out to the West Indies, accompanied by his nephew, Thomas Boulden Thompson.
In 1783 he was appointed to the GRAMPUS in which he went to the west coast of Africa as Commodore of a small squadron there. He died there of a fever on board the GRAMPUS in 1786. Edward Thompson was a master of poetry and verse, which later earned him the nickname 'Poet Thompson'. He was a friend of David Garrick and John Wilkes. There is a detailed biography entitled 'Poet Thompson' in the papers of Lady Ellinor Thompson, written by her.
Thomas Boulden Thompson, Vice-Adm, 1st Bt (1766-1828). Thomas Boulden took the surname Thompson from his uncle, Edward Thompson, when he came under his guardianship at an early age. He went to sea with his uncle in 1778. In 1783 he was appointed, again with his uncle, to the GRAMPUS and, on his uncle's death, was promoted by a senior officer to Commander, which was later confirmed. In 1787 he went on half-pay. He was advanced to post rank in 1790 but had no employment until 1796, when he was appointed to the LEANDER, and in 1798 was sent as part of a squadron to the Mediterranean to reinforce Nelson. He took part in the Battle of the Nile and later, on board the LEANDER, fell in with the GENEREUX when he was wounded and then captured. He was acquitted at a court-martial and praised for his defence of the ship. He was knighted and awarded a pension. In 1799 he was appointed to the BELLONA and stayed in her until 1801 at Copenhagen when the ship stuck fast on a shoal within range of the Danish guns. Thompson was amongst the wounded and lost his leg. In 1806 he was created a baronet and was appointed Comptroller of the Navy, apost he held until 1816. He was then appointed Treasurer of Greenwich Hospital and Director of the Chest. He became a Rear-Admiral in 1809, and Vice-Admiral in 1814. He was Member of Parliament for Rochester, 1807-1818. He died at his home at Hartsbourne, Hertfordshire in 1828.
Thomas Raikes Trigge Thompson, Vice-Adm, 2nd Bt (1804-1865) Thompson was the son of Vice-Adm Thomas Boulden Thompson, and entered the Navy in 1818 after going to the Royal Naval College at Portsmouth in 1816. He became Lieutenant in 1825 and promoted in 1828 to the command of the CADMUS along the coast of Brazil and Patagonia, 1828-1830. He became a Captain in 1837.
Photographer Edward Thompson recorded the people and events of the Occupy London movement and demonstrations, 2011-2012.
Medical librarian and historian, attached to Wellcome Historical Medical Museum. For detail on the formative years of the Wellcome museum, Thompson's role in this and his disagreements with Henry Wellcome see John Symons, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine: a short history (London: The Wellcome Trust, [1993]).
The material was collected by the firm of Thomas, James and Thomas Powell, leather and hide factors, of 36 Lime Street and London Bridge.
The certificate of incorporation for Thomas Wylie and Company is dated October 1930. The company was a wine dealer based in Glasgow.
Thomas Weatherall and Sons, wholesale haberdashers, had premises at 68 Cheapside.
Thomas Vyse and Sons, Leghorn [Livorno, Italy] merchants and straw hat manufacturers were based at 30 Ludgate Hill, and subsequently 3 Cripplegate Buildings and 76 Wood Street.
Between 1843-1845 Thomas Poulter of Noel Street, Islington and Alfred Cooper of Soho, Westminster established a partnership as wholesale stationers.
Thomas McAndie and Company Limited was incorporated in 1945, with registered offices at 21 Church Street, Inverness and 242 Clyde Street, Glasgow. The company described themselves as 'blenders and exporters of Scotch whisky", and owned the Clachar Bar, Inverness. Company number: 23274. Duncan MacLeod and Co company number: 19753.
Thomas Martyn was a wealthy gentleman who lived in Putney in the late 17th century. In his will, made shortly before his death in 1684, he granted his estate to his niece Lucy Cook, with the proviso that if she died without children the proceeds of the estate should be used to endow a school for the sons of watermen. Although Lucy married, she died childless in 1701 and the trustees of the will established a Watermen's School in 1718. Scholars were provided with a uniform and tuition in reading, writing and arithmetic. From 1817 the trustees also provided a sum of money towards the apprenticeship of school leavers, to watermen and other trades. The Watermen's School continued in Putney until its closure in 1911, but the charity, now known as the Thomas Martyn Foundation, still exists as an educational trust making financial grants to the sons and daughters of licensed watermen.
For more details see LMA/4523/06/01/002.
Thomas Laugher and Sons were manufacturing chemists, refiners and blue verditers of 28 Princes Street 1820-1, 11 Abchurch Lane 1822-31 and Martin's Lane, Cannon Street 1832 and of 8 Allen Street, Goswell Street 1823-33
This firm of upholsterers, formerly Handyside and Mayo, had premises successively at 10 King Street, Bloomsbury, and 55 Lamb's Conduit Street.
Thomas Guy and Lewisham School of Nursing was formed in 1985, by the merger of Guy's Hospital School of Nursing with Lewisham School of Nursing. In 1991, this school merged with the Nightingale School of Nursing (St Thomas's Hospital) to form the Nightingale and Guy's College of Nursing and Midwifery.
A surrender was the return of property held by lease or by copyhold to the lessor (the person leasing out the property) or the lord of the manor.
Thomas Cook (Thomas Cook and Son Ltd) ran a freight forwarding and storage business in Lisbon. During World War Two Portugal was neutral and Jews and others escaped there (often through Spain) en route to the USA and other places of refuge. Jews in Europe, intending to leave would have sent their belongings to Thomas Cook, Lisbon, as it was an internationally trusted firm, with offices around the world. In 1940 it was owned by Companie de Wagons-Lits, based in Brussels, but was later sequestrated by the British Government.
Thomas and Edge Limited, builders, was founded by Edwin Thomas before 1914; he died before 1939. His son Arthur E. Thomas (Member of The Institute of Building) became Governing Director but was killed on active service in the Royal Air Force after he was called up in 1940. He had a son, Robin Thomas.
Other Directors were H.A. Godfrey; Leonard Henry Mildwater (Member of The Institute of Building and Associate Member of The Institution of British Engineers: originally joined the firm in 1914 to learn trade of carpenter and joiner, became General Foreman in 1929, Director in 1937 from which he resigned in 1946 to found his own company) and J.T.L. Wigmore, Director and Secretary.
The firm's projects included work for Government Departments especially War Department contracts. Examples from 1937-1940 include seven barrack blocks and Institute at Aldershot, Hampshire; workshops at Feltham, signals establishments at Woolwich, and the construction of factories, laboratories, research buildings, office blocks and ranges at Woolwich Arsenal which took four years to complete. Jobs outside London included grandstands built at race courses such as Cheltenham Racecourse, Gloucestershire (in 1929) before the Second World War and buildings abroad including Africa. By 1930 the firm had a Birmingham office and was undertaking contracts in Cheltenham, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Brighton and Lewes, Sussex. In 1944 work outside London, overseen by Mildwater, amounted to 95% of the company's annual turnover, thanks mainly to contracts for the Air Ministry.
Offices were at Equitable House, 25 Greens End, Woolwich (the former premises of the Woolwich Equitable Building Society). The firm also occupied premises at Eton Road and the company's Works at the Royal Dockyard Wharf, Woolwich.
(Main source of information: a descendant of Leonard Henry Mildwater, September 2018)
Born in Sutton, 1915; attended Swansea Grammar School from c1930; began pre-clinical medical studies at Swansea University College; entered King's College London, 1933; completed his medical education, which included clinical work at Charing Cross Hospital, and qualified as a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons and Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, 1939; soon after the outbreak of World War Two (1939-1945), enrolled in the Emergency Medical Service and served at Great Ormond Street Hospital; volunteered for war service with the Royal Air Force, 1940; posted to Hullavington and subsequently to RAF Hospital Bridgnorth, Shropshire, where he was designated a specialist anaesthetist; Diploma in Anaesthetics, 1941; posted to Singapore, 1945; demobilised, 1946; joined the anaesthetic staff at Ashford Hospital, Middlesex; Consultant Anaesthetist to the Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, and the Reading Group Hospitals, 1947-1978; a medical historian with a particular interest in the history of anaesthesia; Honorary Librarian of the Reading Pathological Society, 1949-1976; elected to the Fellowship of the Faculty of Anaesthetists of England, 1954; member of the Osler Club of London, 1956, and President, 1969; Council member of the Royal Society of Medicine Section of the History of Medicine, 1957, Secretary, 1959-1972, and President, 1970-1972; appointed Curator of the Charles King Collection of Historical Anaesthetic Apparatus of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, 1966; organised the Historical Section of the 4th International Congress of Anaesthiologists in London, 1968; appointed Assistant Curator of the Hunterian Society, 1971; President of the British Society for the History of Medicine, 1972-1974; member of Council of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, 1972-1974; elected to the Royal Society of Medicine Section of Anaesthetics Council, 1974; died, 1978. Publications include: James Douglas of the Pouch and his pupil William Hunter (Pitman Medical Publishing Co, London, 1964); Curare: its history and usage (Pitman Medical Publishing Co, London, 1964); 'The A Charles King Collection of early anaesthetic apparatus', Anaesthesia, vol xxv, no 4 (Oct 1970); The development of anaesthetic apparatus: a history based on the Charles King collection of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (published for the Association by Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1975).
Born, 1923; educated at the County Grammar School, Bridgend; served with the Intelligence Corps, Psychological Warfare Branch, and Allied Commission, Austria, 1942-1946; attended Trinity College Cambridge; BA, 1948; MA, LLB, 1949; Lecturer in Law, Nottingham University, 1949-1954; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1950; member of the UK National Committee on Company Law from 1952; Senior Lecturer, University of Glasgow, 1954-1957; Douglas Professor of Civil Law, University of Glasgow, 1957-1965; Professor of Roman Law, University College London, 1965-1981; member of Council, Society for Roman Studies, 1968-1971; Crabtree Orator, 1969; member of the Comitato Internaz Scientifico, IURA, from 1969; Medaglia d'oro dei benemeriti della cultura della Repubblica Italiana, 1974; died, 1981. Publications: Private International Law (Hutchinson's University Library, London, 1955); with John Cyril Smith, A Casebook on Contract (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1957); The Institutes of Justinian (North Holland Publishing Co, Amsterdam and Oxford, 1975); Textbook of Roman Law (North Holland Publishing Co, Amsterdam and Oxford, 1976); articles in various legal periodicals. There is a full bibliography in box 15 of his papers.
Born at Worcester, England, 1796; blacksmith at Hagley, Worcestershire; became a Methodist and soon began to preach; married Sarah Hartshorn (d 1867); accepted by the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society (WMMS), 1824; pioneering missionary to Tonga (the Friendly Islands) in the South Seas; arrived in Tonga, 1826; preached at Hihifo, Tongatapu, 1826-1828; moved to the island of Ha'apai, 1829; baptized the chief Taufa'ahua Tupou, 1831; a Tonga-wide revival movement began, 1835; Thomas enthroned Tupou, with English rites, as first king of all Tonga, 1845; although the WMMS withdrew from Samoa (1839) by agreement with the London Missionary Society, Thomas advocated re-entry and supported Tupou's policy of sending Tongan Wesleyan missionaries to Fiji and Samoa; persuaded the Australasian Wesleyan conference (which took over the Pacific from the British Wesleyans in 1855) to reverse the LMS decision regarding Samoa; following a visit to England his influence with Tupou waned, 1850s; retired to England and became supernumerary minister at Stourbridge (Worcestershire), 1860; died, 1881. Publication: translated Hymns, Catechisms, Prayers, &c for the use of the Wesleyan Societies in the Friendly Islands (1861).
The connection of John and Sarah Thomas with Methodism in Glasgow, and the provenance of the items relating to it, is unclear.
Hugh Owen Thomas was born in 1834. He came from 7 generations of bone-setters, originally from Anglesey in North Wales. He was apprenticed to his uncle, Dr Owen Roberts, at St Asaph in North Wales, in 1851. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University, and University College London. He become a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1857. He went to Liverpool in 1858, to help his father, and set up his own practice in 1859. He spent most of his working life in the slums of Liverpool treating the poor. From 1870, he ran a free clinic on Sundays, where he treated dockers, shipyard workers and seamen. In the treatment of tuberculosis and fractures, he strongly advocated the use of rest which should be 'enforced, uninterrupted and prolonged'. His ideas were published in Diseases of the hip, knee and ankle joints, with their deformities (1875). This was at a time when it was often suggested that excision or amputation were the solution for chronic bone disorders. In order to achieve rest and immobilisation he invented several types of splints that were manufactured in his own work shop by both a blacksmith and a saddler. He also invented a wrench for the reduction of fractures and an osteoclast to break and reset bones. He was elected a member of the Liverpool Medical Institution in 1876, published many works on orthopaedic surgery, and was given an honorary degree by the University of St Louis. He died in 1891.
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1960-1969 (Resigned).
David Hylton Thomas was born in 1910 in Chester, where his father and grandfather had been superintendants of the Chester Industrial School. He was educated at grammar schools in Chester and Altrincham, and won a technological scholarship to university. As part of his course at the Manchester College of Technology (now UMIST), he undertook a nine-month probationary apprenticeship at the Metropolitan Vickers factory in Trafford Park. he graduated in eletrical engineering in 1933, specialising in light-current engineering; having won a further research scholarship, he took an MSc(Tech) for research on the synthesis of musical tone by photo-electrical means. Thomas also gained an external degree of the University of London during the war. In 1934, he returned to Metropolitan Vickers to complete his apprenticeship and then took up a research post there, working on high-vacuum problems and acoustics. In 1936 Thomas was awarded the Joseph Swan Scholarship by the Institute of Electrical Engineers, which enabled him to go to Germany to study under Professor Barkhausen. His study was cut short by the approach of World War Two, and he returned home after two semesters. Upon his return he was appointed Lecturer in electrical engineering at University College, Nottingham, 1938-1946, subsequently becoming senior lecturer and departmental head at the Nottingham and District Technical College, 1946-1947. In November 1947, Thomas became Head of the Electrical Engineering Department at the Rutherford College of Technology in Newcastle-upon-Tyne (later the Newcastle Polytechnic and the University of Northumbria), a post which he held until his retirement in 1975. He was also an active member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1931-1999; and the Association of Teachers in Technical Institutions. He travelled to Chile and West Germany as an adviser on technical education, and published numerous books and articles on electronics and teaching methods. His other interests included music, including participation in the Northumberland Orchestra. He also invented a device for duplicating Braille simply and cheaply (The Anwell-Thomas Embosser), and founded a talking newspaper for the blind on Tyneside in 1976. In retirement, with a grant from the Nuffield Foundation, Thomas conducted extensive research into the history of the industrial school movement, publishing eight articles on individual schools.
Born, 1892; educated privately; Trinity College, Cambridge, PhD; Civil Service, 1908-1914; served with the North Somerset Yeomanry in Belgium, 1914-1915; Somerset Light Infantry in Mesopotamia (Iraq), 1916-1918; Assistant Political Officer in Mesopotamia, 1918-1922; Assistant British Representative in Trans-Jordan (Jordan), 1922-1924; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1920-1950; Finance Minister and Wazir to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (Oman), 1925-1932. During this time he made a number of expeditions into the desert, becoming the first European to cross the Rub' Al Khali (Empty Quarter), 1930-1931; RGS Founder's Medal, 1931; Information Officer in Bahrain, 1942-1943; Director of the Middle East Centre for Arab Studies, Palestine, 1943-1946, and Lebanon, 1947-1948; adviser to Shell Group, 1948-1949; died, 1950.
Herbert Thoma was born in Munich on 31 March 1899. He was the son of Karl Thoma-Höfele, a painter who was related to the writer Ludwig Thoma. Herbert did his military service in 1917 and then entered Munich University to read German, English, History and Philosophy. In 1920-21 he was assistant to Hermann Paul but was supervised for his doctorate (submitted 1922) by Carl von Kraus, the great German medievalist and philologist. His doctoral thesis on Rittertreue was published in 1923 (see below).
After leaving the University he went to work for the Süddeutsche Monatshefte, which ceased publication in 1936. In 1939 he left Germany for the United Kingdom to join his fiancée Susi Bauer, who had fled from the Nazi persecution of the Jews several years previously. Thoma was able to leave Germany on the pretext of travelling to England to research the early German manuscripts in British libraries as a supplement to the work of Robert Priebsch. To give plausibility to his trip, however, he was obliged to leave behind him all his personal and professional papers. Ironically, these were subsequently destroyed in the Allied bombing of Munich.
Once settled in England, Thoma married Susi Bauer and through the good offices of herself and a group of fellow exiles he was approached by academics, including Professor Frederick Norman of the Department of German at King's College London, and persuaded to become an assistant in this Department in 1947. In 1948 he was appointed Lecturer and in 1950 became a Recognised Teacher in the University of London. In 1959 he was appointed Senior Lecturer. He lectured in medieval German language and literature generally but his special research field was early German glosses, on which he became a leading authority. He retired from King's College in 1967 but remained research-active until his death on 18 September 1975.
A subsidiary of Rood Lane Properties Limited, engaged in the business of letting office accommodation at 13 Rood Lane, City of London.
Theydon Hall Farm was the largest farm located within the ancient parish of Theydon Bois near Epping with land totalling 261 acres. The Farm was used by Whitbread and Company Limited for crops and fodder and for raising horses used at the firm's breweries and depots.
Born, 1910; educated, Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford; Honarary Attache of Duke of Gloucester's Mission to Abyssinia, for Haile Selassie's coronation, 1930; Explored Danakil country of Abyssinia and the Aussa Sultanate, 1933-1934; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1934; awarded Back Grant from the RGS, 1935; Sudan Political Service, Darfur and the Upper Nile, 1935-1940; Served in Ethiopia, Syria and Western Desert with Sudan Defence Force and Special Air Service; worked in Arabia with the Desert Locusts Research Organisation, 1945; explored Southern Arabia, twice crossing the Empty Quarter, 1945-1949; RGS Founder's Medal, 1948; returned to England in the 1990s; died, 2003.
Publications: Arabian Sands (1959)
The Marsh Arabs (1964)
On June 10, 1940, the Gestapo took control of Terezín (Theresienstadt), a fortress, built in 1780-1790 in what is now the Czech Republic, and set up prison in the Small Fortress (Kleine Festung). By 24 November 1941, the Main Fortress (grosse Festung, ie the town Theresienstadt) was turned into a walled ghetto. The function of Theresienstadt was to provide a front for the extermination operation of Jews. To the outside it was presented by the Nazis as a model Jewish settlement, but in reality it was a concentration camp. Theresienstadt was also used as a transit camp for European Jews en route to Auschwitz and other extermination camps.
After the German surrender the small fortress was used as an internment camp for ethnic Germans. The first prisoners arrived on the May 10, 1945. On February 29, 1948 the last German prisoners were released and the camp was officially closed. In the first phase of the camp lasting until July 1945 mortality was high due to diseases, malnutrition and incidents of simple outright murder. Commander of the camp in that period was Stanislav Franc, who had been a prisoner of the camp under the Nazis since 1944. He was guided by a spirit of revenge and tolerated any mistreatment of the prisonsers by the guards.
In July 1945 the camp shifted under the control of the Czech ministry for domestic affairs. The new commander appointed was Otakar Kálal. From 1946 on the inmates were gradually transferred to Germany and Terezín more and more turned into a hub for the forced migration of Germans from the Czech lands into Germany proper.
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The first Theatre Royal, Covent Garden was built by actor-manager John Rich, designed by the architect Edward Shepherd, and opened on 7 December 1732. It operated under the auspices of letters patent initially granted to Sir William Davenant, as one of only two recognised play houses in London.
It was mainly a playhouse, but music and dance were also performed there. George Frederic Handel wrote a number of operas and oratorios for this theatre, as well as bequeathing his organ to it. In 1791, Thomas Harris took over the management of the theatre and redesigned its interior several times before the building was accidentally burnt down in September 1808. A new theatre was constructed and opened in September 1809, under the joint management of Harris and John Kemble, designed by Robert Smirke.
The Theatres Act of 1843 ended the Theatre Royal's monopoly on drama production. In 1847, it became the Royal Italian Opera when the conductor Michael Costa, along with a number of singers including Giuseppe and Fanny Persiani, and Giulia Grisi, left the Italian Opera at the Queen's Theatre, Haymarket, to establish a rival company. The building was redesigned as an Italian opera house and the Royal Italian Opera was opened. In 1856 the theatre again burnt down. A new theatre was designed by E M Barry, with a glass and iron arcade - the Floral Hall. It opened in May 1858, and its popularity grew, despite the poor access to the auditorium, which meant that the audience took so long to find their seats that the final act of the first performance was cancelled. The Italian Opera ceased in 1892, and the theatre became the Royal Opera House. The building underwent a number of alterations. In 1899, the Conservatory bar was added to the terrace above the portico, and later the stage was remodelled by Edwin O Sachs. Profits declined however, such that during World War 1, the building was used as a warehouse. In 1919, it was sold to the family company of Sir Thomas Beecham, interest revived and the Royal Opera House Company renovated the building in 1933, however the declaration of World War 2 had an adverse effect. During this period, no opera was staged, instead the building was lease to Mecca Cafes Ltd, who converted it for use as a ballroom, which proved very popular.
After the War, the music publishers Boosey and Hawkes acquired the lease of the building. Funding was secured from the Arts Council of Great Britain for the establishment of resident companies - the Covent Garden Opera Company, the Sadler's Wells Ballet Company under the direction of Ninette de Valois. The ballet company obtained its royal charter in 1956, and the opera company in 1968. The Sadler's Wells Theatre Ballet remained as a company of the ROH performing at various theatres, until 1991, when it became the Royal Birmingham Ballet.
The building continued to undergo modification, in 1953, the floor was relayed and the angle altered, in 1964 the amphitheatre and gallery were combined into one space, and an extension was built in 1982. Major development undertaken in 1996, with the addition of a new wing along Russell St, and major development of the theatre and site was undertaken between 1996-1999
In 1980, the freehold of the building passed to the Government for the Royal Opera House Covent Garden Ltd, which is the parent company of The Royal Opera, The Royal Ballet, and the Orchestra of the ROH.
The Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, designed by Christopher Wren, opened on 26 March 1674. In 1747 the theatre and a patent renewal were purchased by renowned actor David Garrick and partner James Lacy. Garrick served as manager and lead actor of the theatre until roughly 1766, and continued on in the management role for another ten years after.
Garrick commissioned Robert Adam and his brother James to renovate the theatre's interior, which they did in 1775. Their additions included an ornate ceiling and a stucco facade facing Bridges Street. Garrick left the stage in 1776 and sold his shares in the theatre to the Irish playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan.
Sheridan owned the theatre until 1809 and used it to premiere some of his own work, including School for Scandal. The day-to-day management of the theatre was usually carried out by Sheridan's father Thomas, and the actor John Philip Kemble.
Source: http://www.theatre-royal.com
The office of Clerk is that of secretary to the Court and Chief Executive Officer of the Society. James Richard Upton held office 1872-1901, succeeding his uncle Robert Brotherson Upton. He died 8 December 1901 during a visit to India and a silver cup was presented to the Society in his memory. Archer Mowbray Upton held office 1901-1916, a solicitor like his father and great uncle, until he was dismissed from the Society's employment in 1916 for criminal proceedings against him. He was convicted of embezzling clients' funds from Upton and Co, Solicitors, the practice he held jointly with his brother. He was sentenced to three years' penal servitude and struck off the Roll of Solicitors. He had not, however, defrauded the Society.
Arthur Bingham Watson took up the post 16 May 1916 at a fixed salary of £300 per annum. He too was a solicitor and a partner in the firm Watson, Sons and Room. On 4 April 1917 Watson was admitted to the Freedom of the Society and was in office when the Prince of Wales, later Edward VIII, became the first ever Honorary Licentiate of the Society. He died 23 October 1927.
Philip Beaumont Frere was also a solicitor and held office 1928-1932. He was appointed 3 March 1928, having been admitted as a solicitor in 1920, and for thirty years was a senior partner in the firm of Frere, Chomley and Co of Lincoln's Inn Fields, established 1750. Frere was admitted to the Yeomanry of the Society in 1932 and promoted to the Livery in 1933. He was a member of the Grocers' Company and was elected to its Court in 1932, which is when he resigned his Clerkship. However he was then appointed solicitor to the Society. He became Master of the Grocers' Company, 1938-1939; it is probably unique for the former Clerk of one Livery Company to become Master of another. He was co-founder with Sir William Goodenough of the British United Provident Association, the foremost insurance company for private medical treatment. He retired from active practice in 1954.
Henry Cooper attained the rank of Colonel in all three armed services having already qualified as a doctor at the London Hospital in 1904. Cooper held office 1932-1941. He received the Distinguished Service Order and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the Crown of Belgium for notable conduct during World War One. Cooper retired from the services in 1932, having been previously appointed Principal Medical Officer of the Air Defences of Great Britain, Honorary Surgeon to the King, 1930-1932, and had been honoured as an Officer of the Order of St John of Jerusalem. Cooper was admitted to the Yeomanry of the Society in 1933 and the Livery in 1934. He also served in World War Two as Principal Medical Officer, Balloon Command, 1939-1942, and as Assistant Director of Personnel in the Emergency Medical Service, 1942-1945. He resigned the Clerkship in March 1941 and died in 1948.
Ernest Busby entered the Society's service in 1926 as Bursar. He was acting Clerk and Registrar from 1941 until December 1945, when he was confirmed as Clerk and Registrar. He became a member of the Livery in 1939. Busby was made Honorary Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery in 1967, during the celebrations for the 350th anniversary of the Society's Charter. He received an MBE. Busby retired in August 1977 after 50 years' service.
Prizes were first awarded to male medical students for botany in 1830. The top prize was a Gold Medal, which was given annually with the exception of the years 1862, and 1888-1891 inclusive. It was last awarded in 1893. The runner-up was awarded a Silver Medal between 1830-1861, excepting 1831 and the years 1854-1856, but two were given in 1861. No awards were made in 1862, but between 1863-1887 books were presented with the Silver Medal, followed by a gap of four years until 1892 when the last joint prize was awarded. Books alone were awarded from 1838 but more sporadically, and none given between 1861-1876. In 1877 Charles Pardey Lukis of St Bartholomew's Hospital was awarded books and, uniquely, a Bronze Medal. Two years then elapsed before the final book prize was awarded in 1880.
Separate prizes were instituted in 1841 in Materia Medica and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and competition was open to male medical students. The earlier 1840 title of this examination and prize had been Materia Medica and Therapeutics, but it was altered before any candidates had sat for it. This was probably to highlight the Society's continuing investment in the knowledge and skills of pharmacy in its medical curriculum and examinations, in view of the formation in 1841 of the Pharmaceutical Society. In fact, William Thomas Brande, the Society's Professor of Chemistry and Superintending Chemical Operator, had urged the establishment of such an examination and prizes in a letter to Robert Brotherson Upton, the Society's Clerk, in 1838. These prizes also comprised gold and silver medals and books. The Gold Medal was awarded 1841-1853, excepting 1845, then from 1862-1889, excepting 1873-1874 and 1888, and lastly in 1892 and 1894. The Silver Medal was awarded 1841-1853, excepting 1845, then two were given in 1891 and the final medal in 1892. Silver medals and books were awarded 1863-1890, excepting 1873 and 1888, and finally in 1893 and 1894. Books only were awarded in 1879, 1880 and 1890.
The Drapers' Company has always had a concern for the relief of the poor, as early as 1371 its ordinances stress the role of the fraternity in helping members in misfortune. Numerous bequests, gifts and trusts have been left to the Company for charitable purposes. Initially lands left to the Company tended to be designated for the provision of a chantry for the deceased benefactor. During the 16th century, the endowments were mainly for provision for the poor - either freemen of the Company or poor in the City of London. A number of almshouses were also founded at this time
The Company's involvement with education originated in the medieval apprenticeship scheme. It was formalized after 1551 when exhibitions were awarded to scholars at Oxford and Cambridge. The Company became involved with the establishment and management of thirteen schools. Later it founded and financed technical schools, university departments, libraries and laboratories and in conjunction with other Livery Companies, established the City and Guilds of London Institute.
Bequests and endowments which formed the basis of the Trusts came from Thomas Howell, d. 1537/8; John Walter; Francis Bancroft; Samuel Harwar, 1693-1694; Theophilus Royley, d.1656; William Lambarde, 1536-1601, founder of Queen Elizabeth College; Henry Dixon, and Henry Dixon, jnr d.1680; John Kendrick; Thomas Russell, d.1593; John Rainey, d 1633; William Dummer, d.c.1589; Samuel Pennoyer, d 1654; John Pemel; Sir William Boreman; Sir Samuel Starling; John Stock; Henry Colbron; Christopher Clarke, d.1672; Sir Thomas Cullum; Sir Ambrose Crowley; Henry Lucas; William Calley, d.1515; Robert Buck; John Edmanson, d.1696; Sir John Jolles, d.1621; Jonathan Granger; Thomas Soley, d.1881; and Sir Thomas Adams.