Leonard Henry Courtney, 1832 - 1918, was born in Penzance and educated at St John's College, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar in 1858 and became a Bencher in 1889. He left law to became Professor of Political Economy at University College, London in 1872, a post that he held until 1875. He also entered politics, becoming the Liberal Party MP for Liskeard from 1875 to 1885, and then MP for the Bodmin Division of Cornwall until 1900. He was made Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department 1880 - 1881, and for the Colonial Office 1881 - 1882. In 1884 he resigned the office of Financial Secretary to the Treasury. His last post was as Chairman of Committees and Deputy Speaker, which he held 1886 - 1892. Leonard Courtney was also a contributor to The Times and The Nineteenth Century. He married Catherine (née Potter, sister of Beatrice Webb) in 1883.
The Constitutional Reform Centre was founded in 1984 to investigate the reform of the British constitution and government. The work of the CRC is controlled by an advisory board, and includes holding conferences and commissioning investigations into areas of constitutional reform. These have included the role of planning enquiries, the development of a written constitution, the civil service, and the intervention of the European Commission. The Centre has also organised a series of seminars under the aegis of the Rt Hon Leslie George Scarman, Baron Scarman of Quatt. A working party has investigated company political donations and benefits to business of good government. Publications include the Constitutional Reform Quarterly Review and CRC Politics Briefings. The CRC has worked with other organisations, notably the National Committee for Electoral Reform, and the Campaign for Fair Votes.
Anthony Crosland was educated at Highgate School and Trinity College, Oxford. He graduated in PPE in 1946, following war service in Italy, and was a lecturer and fellow of Trinity College from 1947-1950. He was Labour MP for South Gloucester 1950-1955 and for Grimsby 1959-1977. He was Minister of State for Economic Affairs 1964-1965, Secretary of State for Education and Science 1965-1967, for Local Government and Regional Planning 1969-1970, and for the Environment 1974-1976, and Foreign Secretary 1976-1977. He was also secretary of the Independent Commission into the Co-operative Movement, 1956-1958, and a member of the Consumer's Council, 1958-1963. He married Susan Catling in 1964.
The North London Kinship Survey was run by Sir Raymond Firth at the London School of Economics in the early-mid 1960s. Dorothy Crozier worked as the Survey's historian, researching the historical background of the area being studied.
No further information available at present.
John Edward Hugh Neale Dalton, 1887-1962, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. He won the Winchester Reading Prize at Cambridge in 1909 and the Hutchinson Research studentship at LSE 1911-1913. He became a Barrister-at-law in 1914, and it was also in this year that he married Ruth Fox. During World War I, Dalton served in the RASC and the Royal Artillery in France and Italy, and was attached to the Ministry of Labour for special investigations in 1919. After the war he returned to a career in economics. He became a lecturer at LSE in 1919, Sir Ernest Cassel Reader in Commerce at the University of London, 1920-1925, and a Reader in Economics at the University of London, 1925-1936. He entered politics in 1924, becoming the Labour MP for Peckham 1924-1929, and Bishop Auckland 1929-1931 and 1935-1959. He became Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs 1929-1931, Chairman of Labour Party National Executive Committee 1936-1937, Minister of Economic Warfare 1940-1942, President of the Board of Trade 1942-1945, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1945-1947, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1948-1950 and Minister of Town and Country Planning 1950-1951. He was created Baron Dalton of Forest and Frith in 1960.
Born 1902; educated Wycliffe College and London University (Diploma in Journalism); Editor, the Clarion, 1929-32; Associate Editor, New Clarion, 1932; contested Peterborough (Labour), 1935; Governor, National Froebel Foundation, 1938-40; worked for the BBC, 1940-1945; served on Fabian Society Executive, 1940; Labour MP for Enfield, 1945-1950, and Enfield East, 1950-1959; Chairman, Transport Group, Parliamentary Labour Party, 1945-1950; Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of State, Foreign Office, 1946-1950; Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1950-1951; Member, British delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations, 1947-1950; Deputy Leader, British delegation to the United Nations Conference on Freedom of Information, 1948; Leader, British delegation at the Economic Community for Europe talks in Geneva, 1950; UK Representative, Foreign Ministers' Deputies Four Power Talks in Paris, 1951; Member, Select Committee on Nationalised Industries, 1952-1959; Joint Chairman, Parliamentary Roads Study Group, 1957-1959; Chairman, 1957-1980, and Vice-President, 1980-[1991], British Yugoslav Society; Member, 1958-1965, and Vice-President, 1966-1982, Executive Committee, European Atlantic Group; Managing Editor, Traffic Engineering and Control, 1960-76; Managing Editor, Antique Finder, 1962-72; Vice-Chairman, 1969-1971, President, 1977-1980, Honorary Secretary, 1971-1976 and Member of Council, 1968-1980, British Parking Association; died 1991.
Publications: American Labour: the story of the American trade union movement (George Allen & Unwin; Fabian Society, London, 1943); Britain's Transport Crisis: a socialist's view (Arthur Barker, [London, 1960]); British Transport: a study in industrial organisation and control (Fabian Publications, [London,] 1945); editor of Finance. How money is managed (Odhams Press, London, [1935]); How much Compensation? A problem of transfer from private to public enterprise (Victor Gollancz; New Fabian Research Bureau, London, 1937); "National" Capitalism: the government's record as protector of private monopoly (Victor Gollancz, London, 1939); National Enterprise: the development of the public corporation (Victor Gollancz, London, 1946); Nationalization of Transport (Labour Party, London, [1947]); Problems of Public Ownership (Labour Party, London, [1952]); The State and the Railways (Victor Gollancz; Fabian Society, London, 1940); editor of Traffic Engineering Practice (E. & F. N. Spon, London, 1963); Transport in Greater London (London School of Economics and Political Science: [London,] 1962); editor of Roads and their Traffic (Blackie & Son, London & Glasgow, 1960).
An ESRC funded project drawing together two key contemporary political debates: on the one hand, the democratic implications of the expansion in non-elective government in recent years, and on the other the media's growing centrality in the political system. Apart from providing unique data on the hitherto neglected relationship between these areas, the project aimed to contribute to current debates regarding democratic accountability, information flows, news management and state-media relations. The research programme combines several empirical strands various facets of the relationship between the appointive, Quasi-non governmental organisations ('Quangos') and the British news media.
Delay worked for the Trades Union Congress, mainly concerned with the steel industry. The government-owned British Steel Corporation Ltd was incorporated by the Iron and Steel Act of 1967. It was privatised in 1988.
Born 1865; joined Fabian Society, 1889; received into the Roman Catholic Church, 1897; Editor, Surrey Mirror, 1892-1900; Editor, Review of the Week, 1900-1902; Acting Editor, The Connoisseur, 1902-[1906]; settled in Paris as a journalist and picture dealer, 1906, where he remained throughout the war; Paris correspondent, Manchester Guardian; expelled from France, 1918; Foreign correspondent for the Manchester Guardian and other newspapers in Geneva, 1920-1921, Berlin, 1922-1924, Paris, 1925-1932, and Geneva, 1932-1939; his writings were controversialist from a variously Catholic modernist, socialist, pacifist and anti-fascist perspective; died in New York, 1940.
Publications: Anglo-French relations: the policy of the Union of Democratic Control (Union of Democratic Control, London, 1920); Germany unmasked: on Germany under the National-Socialist regime (Martin Hopkinson, London, 1934); My second country, France (John Lane, London and New York, 1920); Socialism and personal liberty (Leonard Parsons, London, 1921); The Catholic Church and the social question (Catholic Press Co, London, 1899); translator of Disestablishment in France (T Fisher Unwin, London, 1906); The left bank of the Rhine (Union of Democratic Control, 1919); The Geneva racket, 1920-1939 (Robert Hale, London, 1921).
Ely Devons, 1913-1967, was educated at Hanley High School, Portsmouth Grammar School, and North Manchester Municipal High School. He went on to study at Manchester University, where he obtained a degree in Economics in 1934 and an MA in Economics in 1935. His career in statistics began when he was appointed economic assistant to the Joint Committee of Cotton Trades Organisations in Manchester, 1935-1939. He was subsequently a statistician for Cotton Control at the Ministry of Supply, 1939-1940, and for the Economic Section of the War Cabinet Offices, and Chief Statistician for the Central Statistics Office, 1940-1941. From 1941 to 1945 he was Chief Statistician, Director of Statistics, and Director General of Planning, Programmes and Statistics at the Ministry of Aircraft Production. After World War II, Devons returned to Manchester University, becoming Robert Ottley Reader in Applied Economics in 1945 and became Robert Ottley Professor of Applied Economics, 1948-1959. He then moved to the London School of Economics, where he held the post of Professor of Commerce, 1959-1965. He was a member of the council of the Royal Economic Society 1956-1964, and a member of the Local Government Commission 1959-1965.
Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson was born in 1862 in a Christian Socialist family. He studied at Charterhouse and King's College, Cambridge, and tried lecturing and medicine before turning to literature full time. In 1887 he became a Fellow at King's College where he remained for the rest of his life. Dickinson lectured at the London School of Economics for 15 years and with Lord Dickinson and Lord Bryce he planned the ideas behind of the League of Nations, resulting in his book The International Anarchy. He died on 3 August 1932.
Born 1889: educated at Glasgow University; Member, Public Works Loan Board, 1936-1946; Member, Railway Assessment Authority, 1938-1946; Labour MP for North Battersea, 1940-1946; Parliamentary Private Secretary to Parliamentary Secretary of the Board of Education, 1940-1945; Chairman, Finance Committee, London County Council, 1940-1946; Member, Anglo-Scottish Railway Assessment Authority, 1941-1946; Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Home Secretary, 1945-1946; temporary Chairman, House of Commons and Chairman of Standing Committees, 1945-1946; Governor and Commander in Chief, Malta, 1946-1949; KCMG 1947; Vice-Chairman, Corby Development Corporation, 1950-1962; Deputy Speaker, House of Lords, 1962-[1980]; LLD, Royal University of Malta; Partner in Douglas & Company, Solicitors; died 1980.
Publications: Agriculture and Land Value Taxation (United Committee for the Taxation of Land Values, London, 1930); Land-Value Rating. Theory and practice (L. & V. Woolf, London, 1936); Rating and Taxation in the Housing Scene (J. M. Dent & Sons, London & Letchworth, 1942); Social Science Manual. Guide to the study of Henry George's 'Progress and Poverty' (Henry George Foundation of Great Britain, London, 1937); abridged George Henry's 'Protection or Free Trade' (Kegan Paul & Co, London, 1929).
Charles Vickery Drysdale, 1874 - 1961, was educated at Finsbury Technical College and Central Technical College, South Kensington. He became the Associate Head of the Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics Department at the Northampton Institute 1896 - 1910. After a brief period as a partner in the firm of H. Tinsley and Co from 1916 to 1919, he joined the Admiralty Experimental Station at Parkston Quay in 1918. From there he went on to become Scientific Director at the Admiralty Experimental Station, Shandon, 1919-1921, Superintendent at the Admiralty Research Laboratory, Teddington, 1921-1929 and Director of Scientific Research at the Admiralty 1929-1934. From 1934 onwards he was a member of the Safety in Mines Research Board. This collection focuses on Drysdale's interests in population and birth control. He was Honorary Secretary of the Malthusian League and Editor of 'The Malthusian', 1907-1916, and president of the Neo-Malthusian Conferences in London 1921 and New York 1925. He was the author of a number of works on population control and eugenics, and was also the first witness to be called before the National Birth-Rate Commission in 1913. He married Bessie Ingman Edwards in 1898.
Born 1906; educated Plympton and Exmouth Elementary Schools, Heles School, Exeter, Taunton School, and New College, Oxford University; Lecturer at New College, Oxford University; Junior and Senior Webb Medley Scholarships, Oxford University; Ricardo Fellowship, University College London, 1929-1930; Lecturer and Senior Lecturer in Economics, London School of Economics, 1930-1945; Parliamentary candidate (Labour) for East Grinstead, 1931, and Gillingham, Kent, 1935; temporarily on Economic Section of War Cabinet Secretariat, 1940-1942; temporary Personal Assistant to Clement Richard Attlee, Deputy Prime Minister, 1942-1945; Labour MP for Edmonton, 1945-1948; Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Works, 1947-1948; died 1948.
Publications: How to pay for the war (G Routledge and Sons, London, 1939); Personal aggressiveness and war (Kegan Paul and Co, London, 1939); Problems of economic planning (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1949); Purchasing power and trade depression: a critique of under-consumption theories (Jonathan Cape, London and Toronto, 1933); Socialist credit policy (Victor Gollancz, London, 1934); The politics of democratic Socialism (G Routledge and Sons, London, 1940); The problem of credit policy (Chapman and Hall, London, 1935); The response of the economists to the ethical idea of equality; What have we to defend? A brief critical examination of the British social tradition (G Routledge and Sons, London, 1942); editor War and democracy: essays on the causes and prevention of war (Kegan Paul and Co, London, 1938).
The Economic History Society was inaugurated at a general meeting held at the London School of Economics on 14 July 1926. R H Tawney took the chair and, after the resolution to form the Society had been carried unanimously, the meeting discussed the constitution and aims of the Society and proceeded to elect its first officers, with Sir William Ashley as the first President. The publication of the Economic History Review was also discussed and R H Tawney and Mr Lipson were appointed as joint editors. The aims of the Society are:
- To promote the study of economic history.
- To issue the Economic History Review.
- to publish and sponsor other publications in the fields of economic and social history.
- To establish closer relations between students and teachers of economic and social history.
- To hold an annual conference and to hold or participate in any other conference or meeting as may be deemed expedient in accordance with the objects of the Society.
6.To co-operate with other organisations having kindred purposes.
The promotion of economic history has mainly been effected through the publication of the Economic History Review and the holding of annual conferences. The Society has also liased with academic funding councils about support for economic history teaching and research and has sought to encourage schools to promote the teaching of economic history.
Born 1913; educated Croydon High School for Boys, the London School of Economics (Honorary Fellow, 1986); Chartered Accountant, 1935; Commander, Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, 1940-1946; Lecturer in Accounting and Finance, LSE, 1949-55; Reader in Accounting, University of London, 1955-62; Member, UK Advisory Council on Education for Management, 1961-1965; Professor of Accounting, LSE, 1962-1980; Pro-Director, LSE, 1967-70; Member, Academic Planning Board for London Graduate School of Business Studies, and Governor, 1965-71; Chairman, 1965-1971, and Member of Council, 1965-1973, Arts and Social Studies Committee, CNAA; Chairman, Board of Studies in Economics, University of London, 1966-1971; Member of the Senate, University of London, 1975-80; Member of the Council, Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, 1969-80; Honorary Freeman, 1981, and Honorary Liveryman, 1986, Company of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales; Honorary Professor, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1980-95; Patron, University of Buckingham, 1984-; Bard of the Cornish Gorsedd, 1933; Chartered Accountants Founding Society's Centenary Award, 1987; retired 1980.
Publications: Accounting records and the smaller company (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, London, 1992); editor Modern financial management (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1969); Business Budgets and Accounts (Hutchinson, London, 1959); Introduction to Accounting (Hutchinson, London, 1963); National Income and Social Accounting (Hutchinson's University Library, London, 1954); editor Debits, credits, finance and profits (Sweet and Maxwell, London, 1974); Accounting in England and Scotland: 1543-1800: double entry in exposition and practice (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1963).
Sir Ronald Edwards was Assistant Lecturer, then Lecturer, in Business Administration with special reference to Accounting at the London School of Economics (LSE), 1935-1940. During World War Two, he worked in the Ministry of Aircraft Production. In 1946 he returned to LSE as Sir Ernest Cassel Reader in Commerce, becoming a Professor in 1949. He was Deputy Chairman (1957-1961), then Chairman (1962-1968) of the Electricity Council; Chairman (1968-1975), then President (1975-1976) of Beecham Group Ltd; Director, ICI Ltd, 1969-1976; Director, Hill Samuel Group, 1974-1976; and, Chairman of British Leyland Ltd, 1975-1976. He was a member of several other bodies too, including the Advisory Council of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1949-1954; the University Grants Committee, 1955-1964; the National Economic Development Council, 1964-1968; and, the British Airways Board, 1971-1976. He chaired the Government committee of inquiry into the civil air transport industry, 1967-1969. He was a Governor of LSE, 1968-1976.
The Executive Intelligence Review is an American weekly news magazine founded by Lyndon H LaRouche Jr in 1974. Lyndon LaRouche (b 1922) is an American economist and management consultant, and has sought the office of President of the USA on six occasions between 1976 and 2000. He was convicted and sentenced by the US Government on conspiracy charges, 1988-1994.
Most of the letters in the collection were collected by Charlotte Erickson and the staff of the Survey of Sources for American Studies during their work in the 1950s, whilst others were donated or purchased.
In early 1980 an Appeal for European Nuclear Disarmament was drafted by E P Thompson and revised by Ken Coates (of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation), Mary Kaldor, Robin Cook and others. The document was released at a press conference in the House of Commons in April 1980. Its major aim was to mobilise public opinion to campaign for a non-aligned and nuclear free Europe 'from Poland to Portugal'. Structurally, END's main body was its Coordinating Committee. It also had a number of 'lateral committees', including on higher education, churches, trades unions and parliamentarians. Among its many publications were its bi-monthly END journal, books, newsletters and pamphlets. To emphasise its commitment to a Europe-wide campaign, END developed links with Eastern European peace groups and activists. END activists visited their counterparts in Eastern Europe; issued statements in support of their activities; publicised government attempts to suppress them; published pamphlets on what was happening in Eastern Europe; and, supported the struggle for political freedom in Eastern Europe. END was a member of the Liaison Committee - an organisation of 50 pressure groups from across Europe which arranged END Conventions. Following a 'consultation' in Rome in November 1981 the conventions occurred annually: in Brussels in 1982, West Berlin (1983), Perugia (1984), Amsterdam (1985), Paris (1986), Coventry (1987), Lund (1988), Vittoria (1989), Helsinki/Tallinn (1990) and Moscow (1991). Apart from the opportunity for networking, the Conventions included public meetings, round-table discussions, debates, films, cultural events and workshops. In 1990, leading members of END (and other organisations) formed European Dialogue, a pressure group promoting peace, democracy, social justice and environmental responsibility.
Stephan R. Epstein, 1960-2007, was brought up in Switzerland and graduated cum laude from the University of Siena. He obtained his PhD in History from Cambridge University and continued there as a postdoctoral research fellow until 1992, when he was appointed to a lectureship on Economic History at the London School of Economics. By 1997 he had been promoted to a readership and he became Professor of Economic History in 2001. At the time of his death he was Head of the Department. Epstein's field of expertise was the economic history of medieval and early modern Europe. He established a formidable reputation in this area early in his career, and left an impressive publication record. He is the sole author of Alle origini della fattoria toscana. L'ospedale di Santa Maria della Scala di Siena e le sue terre, c.1250-c.1450 (Salimbeni, Florence, 1986); An island for itself. Economic development and social transformation in late medieval Sicily Past and Present (Publications Series: Cambridge, 1992); and Freedom and Growth, Markets and states in Europe, 1300-1750 (London: Routledge, 2000). He edited four volumes including Town and country in Europe, 1300-1800 (Cambridge, 2001). He is also the author of dozens of articles in journals and books.
The Fabian Society was founded on 4 January 1884 by Edward Pease and his friends, who wanted to found a "Fellowship of the New Life". The name 'Fabian Society' was derived from that of Quintus Fabius Cunctator, whose policy of holding his forces in reserve until the optimum moment for attack was considered worthy of emulation. The society's aim was "to help on the reconstruction of society in accordance with the highest moral possibilities". This was to be achieved by holding meetings to read papers, hear reports on current political matters and discuss social problems; by delegating members to attend other meetings held to discuss social subjects, to attempt to disseminate their own views at such meetings and to report back to the society on the outcome; and by collecting articles concerning social movements and needs from contemporary literature as a source of factual information. The Society's early members included George Bernard Shaw, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Emmeline Pankhurst and H G Wells.
Soon after its foundation the society established the Fabian News in order to keep members informed of what was going on in the society. This was later followed by the Fabian Quarterly and the Fabian Journal. A publishing firm called Palm and Pine was established in 1938. This was originally independent of the society, but became Fabian Publications Ltd in 1942. It published Society literature until it was dissolved fourteen years later. The society also spread its message by organising public lectures, conferences and various schools.
The Fabian Society is the oldest socialist organisation in Britain, but does not itself issue policy statements or put forward candidates for election to local or national government. Therefore, the society became affiliated to the Labour Party, although it also collaborated with the Independent Labour Party on specific projects. From 1949 onwards, it became customary for the Fabian Society to hold a tea meeting at the Labour Party Conference, at which guests were addressed by a leading Fabian politician.
There have been a number of special interest groups within the society, and these produced their own research and publications. When women's suffrage was a burning issue, a separate Women's Group was established. Similarly, the Fabian Nursery was set up in response to a perceived need to encourage the younger members of the society.
The society has also absorbed a number of organisations that were established independently of it. The New Fabian Research Bureau was set up by G.D.H. Cole with the support of Arthur Henderson as a separate organisation. It developed its own methods of research and propaganda and became much more effective than the original society. After eight years the Fabian Society and the New Fabian Research Bureau amalgamated. However the Fabian Society took on many of the ideas and methods of the New Fabian Research Bureau and these continue to influence it.
The Fabian Colonial Bureau also functioned as a separate organisation from the Fabian Society. The Fabian Society made it an annual grant which was later augmented by the TUC and the Labour Party. The bureau acted as a clearing house for information on colonial affairs and became a pressure group acting for colonial peoples. The bureau was renamed the Commonwealth Bureau in 1958. In 1963 it was amalgamated with the International Bureau and a few years later absorbed back into the main society.
The Fabian International Bureau was set up along the same lines as the Colonial Bureau. The aim of the bureau was the exchange of views on socialist subjects and the future of Europe after the war. After 1945 the main interest of the Bureau was the part that Britain should play in Europe, Anglo-American and Anglo-Soviet relations. During the 1960's they widened their scope to include defence, international agreements, the Common Market, aid to developing countries and the Labour Parties foreign policy.
The Home Research Committee was set up in 1943 to co-ordinate the committees and sub-committees working on social, economic and political issues in Britain. The committee produced reports, pamphlets and submitted evidence to Royal Commissions. They also distributed detailed questionnaires to members on these issues.
The Fabian Society continues to influence political thought in the UK. In the 1990s the society was a major influence in the modernisation of the Labour Party. Its report on the constitution of the Party was instrumental in the introduction of 'one member one vote' and made the original recommendation for the replacement of Clause IV. Since the 1997 general election there have been around 200 Fabian MPs in the Commons, amongst whom number nearly the entire Cabinet, including Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, Robin Cook, Jack Straw, David Blunkett and Clare Short.
For a more extensive history of the Fabian Society, see Pugh and Mackesy's catalogue of the papers.
Woolly Al Walks the Kitty Back was produced by Brian Lapping Associates for BBC Timewatch. It was broadcast in 1992.
William Farr, 1807-1883, was born in Kenley, Shropshire. At the age of two, he was effectively adopted by a local squire, Joseph Pryce, who paid for Farr's education. From 1826 to 1828, Farr worked as a dresser in the infirmary at Shrewsbury and studied medicine with a doctor there. On Pryce's death in 1828, Farr received a legacy that enabled him to pursue his studies in Paris and Switzerland. In 1831, Farr returned to Shrewsbury to work as an unqualified locum before studying at University College London, becoming a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries. In 1833, he established an apothecary's practice in Bloomsbury, London, and proceeded to publish a number of articles in The Lancet on such topics as hygiene, quack medicine, life assurance and cholera. Farr had first demonstrated an interest in medical statistics during his studies abroad, and in 1832 he published his "Vital Statistics" in Macculloch's Account of the British Empire, thus starting a new interest in statistics. From 1838 to 1879, he worked in the Registrar General's Office compiling abstracts. In 1855, he served on the Committee for Scientific Enquiry into the cholera epidemic of 1854, and produced statistical evidence that cholera was spread by polluted water, though he and his colleagues continued to adhere to the theory that epidemic disease was spread by miasma. Farr also served as commissioner for the 1871 census. He retired from public service in 1879.
Sir Thomas Henry Farrer, 1819-1899, was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford. He received his BA in 1840 and became a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in 1844. He became Assistant-Secretary of the Marine Department of the Board of Trade in 1850, assistant secretary to the Board in 1854, and was Permanent Secretary from 1865 to 1886. In addition he was a member (and for several years Vice-Chairman) of the London County Council, 1889-1898, and published writings on economic subjects. He was created baronet in 1883 for his public service, and raised to the peerage in 1893.
Born 1923; educated George Watson's, Edinburgh, King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth, Daniel Stewart's, Edinburgh, High School, Stirling, and Glasgow University; spent three seasons with Shakespeare Memorial Company, Stratford-upon-Avon, 1948-[1951]; spent three years with the BBC Repertory Company; became famous for playing the part of Jet Morgan in the BBC radio drama Journey into Space; appeared in 37 films and many TV and radio performances; Council Member, British Actors' Equity, 1966-1969; Labour MP, Smethwick, 1966-74, and Warley East, 1974-97; Parliamentary Private Secretary to John Thomson Stonehouse as Minister of State for Aviation, 1967, Minister of Technology, 1967-68, and Postmaster General, 1968-69; Opposition spokesman for the Arts, 1970-73, and 1979-82; Founder, and Chairman, British Parliamentary Association for Euro-Arab Cooperation, 1974-97; Co-Chairman, All-Party Parliamentary Heritage Group, 1974-97; Member, House of Commons Works of Art Committee, 1970-97; Member, British Delegation to Council of Europe and Western European Union, 1975-80, and 1987-97; Executive Committee, GB China Centre, 1976-97; Executive Committee, Inter-Parliamentary Union, (British Section), 1983-97; Executive Committee, Franco-British Council, 1978-88; retired 1997; died 2000.
The Federal Union was founded in 1938 to advance the cause of federal government among democratic states in order to achieve international peace, economic stability and civil rights, by means of research, debate and political activity. The Federal Union flourished throughout the war years and established a series of active local and regional organisations. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Union was involved in political debates on topics such as the United Nations charter, international monetary reform and disarmament. It also concerned itself with post war reconstruction and, through this, the cause of European integration and the British entry into the European Economic Community. Federal Union continues to campaign for federalism for the UK, Europe and the world and argues that democracy and the rule of law should apply between states as well as within them. In 1945, on the initiative of Sir William Beveridge, the Federal Educational & Research Trust, an educational charity, was established. The purpose of the Trust was to encourage the study of international relations and co-operation and further research into federal principles and institutions by conducting enquiries, seminars, conferences and reports. Now known as the Federal Trust for Education and Research it continues to operate as a think tank studying the interaction between regional, national, European and global levels of government. Federal Trust has always had a particular interest in the European Union and Britain's place in it. In more recent years, it has supplemented its European work with studies on devolution and regional government in the United Kingdom and reports on global governance.
The Committee to Review the Functioning of Financial Institutions was set up in 1976 with Sir James Harold Wilson as its Chair. The Committee's report was published in 1984.
The Committee on One Parent Families (Finer Committee) was established by Richard (Howard Stafford) Crossman, Secretary of State for Social Services, on 6 November 1969, to consider the problems of one parent families and what help could be given them. The Chair was the Hon Sir Morris Finer (1917-1974). The Report of the Committee (Cmnd 5629) was presented to Barbara Anne Castle, Secretary of State for Social Services, in July 1974. The Committee gathered material through the research projects of universities, government departments and charities, as well as the Department of Health and Social Services and its own research assistants. It also collected evidence from organisations and individuals, a request for which was published in the national press of November 1969. Professor Richard Morris Titmuss, Professor of Social Administration at LSE, was a member of the Committee until his death in 1973.
Born 1926; educated at the City of London School; founder chairman, Mansfield Young Conservatives 1946-1947; national chairman, Young Conservatives 1954-1957; member, Executive Committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations 1953-1979; chairman of the Greater London Area Conservative Local Government Committee 1972-1975; vice-chairman of the Conservative Party Organisation 1975-1979 and 1983-1987; borough councillor, Hampstead Borough Council 1949-1964; borough councillor, Camden Borough Council 1964-1974 (leader, 1968-1970); deputy chairman, Association of Municipal Corporations 1969-1971, and vice-president 1971-74; parliamentary candidate (Conservative), Islington East 1955; Conservative MP, Hampstead 1970-1983; Conservative MP, Hampstead and Highgate 1983-1992; member, Executive Committee 1922 Committee 1974-1975; member, Parliamentary Select Committee on Expenditure 1970-1979; Opposition spokesman on Greater London 1974-1979; Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, Department of Education 1979-1981; Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, Department of Health and Social Security 1981-1983; member, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1983-1992 (President 1991-1992); member, Western European Union 1983-1992 (leader, British delegation 1987-1992); deputy chairman, Commission for New Towns 1992-1996; Controller of Personnel and Chief Industrial Relations Adviser, Great Universal Stores 1968-1979; Deputy Chairman, South East Regional Board of the Trustees' Savings Bank 1986-1989; member, Council of the Confederation of British Industry 1968-1979; member, Post Office Users National Council 1970-1977; Joint National Honorary Secretary, Council of Christians and Jews; patron, Maccabi Association of Great Britain; trustee, Marie Curie Cancer Foundation; governor, University College School; JP, Inner London 1962-1996; MBE 1959; Knight 1984; life peer 1992.
Sir Raymond Firth was born in 1901 in New Zealand. He was educated at Auckland University College, where he specialised in economics and wrote his MA thesis on the local kauri gum industry. In 1924 he came to the London School of Economics to work for a higher degree in economics, but on arrival changed his subject to anthropology and completed a PhD on the primitive economics of the New Zealand Maori under the supervision of Malinowski. After obtaining his PhD, Firth returned to New Zealand and in 1928-1929 made his first and longest visit to the island of Tikopia. On his return he joined the staff of the department of anthropology at the University of Sydney, first as a lecturer and then as acting professor. In 1932 he returned to London to take up a post under Malinowski at the LSE. He was a lecturer in anthropology 1932-1935, and a reader 1935-1944. During the Second World War, Firth was posted to the Admiralty's Naval Intelligence Division, where he was responsible for compiling the geographical handbooks relating to the Pacific islands. Following Malinowski's death in 1942, Firth was appointed Professor of Anthropology of the University of London in 1944. He retired from this post in 1968, but remained professionally active right up until his death at the age of 100 in 2002. Firth had a wide range of research interests, but is best remembered for his work on Tikopia and Malaya. He wrote extensively about Tikopia society and culture throughout his career, and returned to do further fieldwork there in 1952, 1966, 1973 and 1978. He first visited Malaya in 1939-1940 to study the economics and social conditions of peasant communities in the coastal region of Kelantan, and visited again in 1947 and 1963 to continue his research. He also made a significant contribution to the field of kinship studies, leading several projects on kinship in London in the period 1947-1965.
Born 1870; educated Harrow and New College, Oxford University; Fellow, New College, 1892-1899; Arnold Essay Prize, 1893; called to Bar, Lincoln's Inn, 1894; practised until the War at the Chancery Bar; Liberal Candidate for Oxford City, December 1910; CBE, 1917; Assistant Legal Adviser, Home Office, 1918-1920; British Legal Representative on the Reparation Commission under the Treaty of Versailles, 1920-1930; KC, 1920; Kt, 1923; Chairman, Royal Commission on Tithe Rent Charge, 1934; British Member of Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague, 1936-[1947]; Governor, Fisheries Organisation Society; Member, Institute of International Law; died 1947.
Publications: Aspects of Modern International Law (Oxford University Press, London, 1939); Chapters on Current International Law and the League of Nations (Longmans & Co, London, 1929); Harrow (1901); International Change and International Peace (Oxford University Press, London, 1932); International Law and International Financial Obligations arising from Contract (1924); International Law and the Property of Aliens; Life Insurance of the Poor (P. S. King & Son, London, 1912); Proportional Representation and British Politics (John Murray, London, 1914); Some Aspects of the Covenant of the League of Nations (Oxford University Press, London, 1934); The Geneva Protocol of 1924 (G. Allen & Unwin, London, 1924); The Reform of Political Representation (John Murray, London, 1918).
The 'Tactical Voting 87' group was a left of centre group set up to try and prevent the Rt Hon Margaret Hilda Thatcher gaining another term of office by persuading the public to vote for the candidate most likely to defeat the Conservative candidate in their constituency. TV 87 was wound up following the 1987 general election. Some of its members then formed 'Common Voice', which widened the scope of the campaign to include both tactical voting and a complete reform of the electoral system. Fishman was a member of both groups.
Eric George Molyneux Fletcher began his career as a solicitor. He was the member of London County Council for Islington South, 1934-1949; Labour MP for Islington East, 1945-1970. He served as Minister without Portfolio, 1964-1966; and, Chairman of Ways and Means and Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons, 1966-1968. He was created Baron Fletcher of Islington (life peer) in 1970. Baron Fletcher was also a governor of the LSE.
Professor Maurice Freedman, 1920-1975, was educated at Hackney Downs school and took a shortened two year degree in English at Kings College London in order to enter the army. He served in the Royal Artillery from 1941 to 1945, three years of which were spent in India. In 1946, he entered the Anthropology Department of the London School of Economics, where he became interested in social anthropology. His main interest was the study of Chinese society, a subject on which he produced many works, spending two years from 1949 to 1950 in field research among the Hokkien speaking Chinese of Singapore. In 1950 he was made a lecturer, in 1957 a reader, and in 1965 a professor. In 1970 he left LSE to take over the chair of social anthropology at Oxford on the retirement of Sir Edward Evans Pritchard. Freedman's interest in Asia prompted him to become first organising secretary and them chairman of the London Committee of the London-Cornell Project for research in south and south-east Asia. He was also greatly interested in Jewish culture and ideas, becoming the managing editor of the Jewish Journal of Sociology, which was founded to provide a forum for serious writing on Jewish affairs.
Alfred George Gardiner, 1865-1946, was born in Chelmsford and worked for the Chelmsford Chronicle and the Bournemouth Directory as a boy. In 1887 he became a member of staff of the Northern Daily Telegraph in Blackburn and in 1899 became editor of the Blackburn Weekly Telegraph. In 1902 he was appointed editor of the Daily News which he made into one of the leading liberal journals of the day. After a period of disagreements with the Cadbury family, who owned the Daily News, over his opposition to Lloyd George, he resigned. From 1915 he also contributed to the Star under the pseudonym 'Alpha of the Plough'.
Born 1925; educated Prague English Grammar School, St Albans County School, and Balliol Coll., Oxford University; Private, Czechoslovakian Armoured Brigade, BLA, 1944-45; on staff of London School of Economics, 1949-84, where he received a PhD in Social Anthropology, 1961, and became Professor of Philosophy, 1962-84; Visiting Fellow at Harvard, 1952-53; Co-editor of European Journal of Sociology, 1966-84, and Government and Opposition, 1980; Visiting Fellow, University of California, Berkeley, 1968; FBA, 1974; Visiting Fellow, Centre de Recherches et d'Études sur les Sociétés Méditerranéens, Aix-en-Provence, 1978-79; Member of the Council, Social Science Research Council (later Economic and Social Research Council), 1980-86 (Chairman, International Activities Committee, 1982-84); Member of Council, British Academy, 1981-84; Visiting Scholar, Institute of Advanced Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1982; William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology, Cambridge University, 1984-93; Professorial Fellow, 1984-1992, and Supernumerary Fellow, 1992-1995, King's College, Cambridge University; Honorary Fellow, LSE, 1986; Guest of Academy of Sciences of USSR, Moscow, 1988-89; Honorary Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1988; President, Royal Anthropological Institute, 1991-94; First President, Society for Moroccan Studies, 1990-[1995]; Tanner Lecturer, Harvard University, 1990; Member, American Philosophical Society, 1992; FRSA, 1992; Member, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea, Salzburg, 1993; Resident Professor, and Director, Centre for Study of Nationalism, Central European University, Prague, 1993-[1995]; Visiting Lecturer, Center for European Studies, Harvard University, 1994; Erasmus Visiting Professor, Warsaw University, 1995; Member of Senate, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 1994-[1995]; Member, Editorial or Advisory Boards for the British Journal of Sociology, the American Journal of Sociology, Inquiry, Middle Eastern Studies, Journal of Peasant Studies, Society and Theory, Government and Opposition, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Cambridge Archaeological Journal, Journal of Mediterranean Studies, Third World Review, Nations and Nationalism, Anthropology and Archaeology of Eurasia, Sociological Papers, Moderniyzzazio e Sviluppo; died 1995.
Publications: Cause and meaning in the social sciences (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1973); Contemporary thought and politics (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1973); Legitimation of belief (Cambridge University Press, 1974); Options of belief (South Place Ethical Society, London, 1975); Saints of the Atlas (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1969); The devil in modern philosophy (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1974); Thought and change (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1964); Words and things: a critical account of linguistic philosophy and a study in ideology (Victor Gollancz, London, 1959); editor of Arabs and Berbers: from tribe to nation in North Africa (Duckworth, London, 1973); editor of Populism: its meanings and national characteristics (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1969); editor of The nature of human society (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1962); Language and solitude: Wittgenstein, Malinowski and the Hapsburg dilemma (Cambridge University Press, 1998); Nationalism (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1997); Encounters with nationalism (Blackwell, Oxford, 1994); Anthropology and politics: revolutions in the sacred grove (Blackwell, Oxford, 1995); Liberalism in modern times: essays in honour of José Merquior (Central European University Press, Budapest and London, 1996); Conditions of liberty: civil society and its rivals (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1994); The psychoanalytic movement: the cunning of unreason (Granada, London, 1985); Postmodernism, reason and religion (Routledge, New York and London,, 1992); Reason and culture: the historic role of rationality and rationalism (Blackwell, Oxford, 1992); The concept of kinship, and other essays on anthropological method and explanation (Blackwell, Oxford, 1987); Nations and nationalism (Blackwell, Oxford, 1983); Culture, identity and politics (Cambridge University Press, 1987); Relativism and the social sciences (Cambridge University Press, 1979); Spectacles and predicaments: essays in social theory (Cambridge University Press, 1979); Muslim society (Cambridge University Press, 1981); Transition to modernity: essays on power, wealth and belief (Cambridge University Press, 1992); State and society in Soviet thought (Blackwell, Oxford, 1988); Plough, sword and book: the structure of human history (Collins Harvill, 1988); editor of Islamic dilemmas: reformers, nationalists and industrialisation (Mouton, Berlin, 1985); editor of Soviet and Western anthropology (Duckworth, London, 1980); editor of Patrons and clients in Mediterranean societies (Duckworth, London, 1977).
Requests for donations of election ephemera were sent out by the BLPES to candidates of all parties throughout the United Kingdom during the 1992 general election campaign, and major deposits were received. Material was also collected by BLPES staff and students.
Requests for donations of election ephemera were sent out by the BLPES to candidates of all parties throughout the United Kingdom during the 1997 general election campaign, and major deposits were received. Material was also collected by BLPES staff and students.
The general election was held in June 2001 and was won by the Labour Party with a large majority. Requests for donations were sent out to candidates of all parties throughout the country and major deposits were received from all parts of the United Kingdom. Parties represented include: Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, Green Party, UK Independence Party, Socialist Alliance, Plaid Cymru, Scottish National Party and a range of parties from Northern Ireland. The collection also includes a wide range of addresses and material from smaller parties and Independent candidates.
The collection also contains ephemera from the County Council election, held at the same time, and holds material covering the major parties. The ephemera has been listed by party and entered onto the election ephemera database where material can be located by party, candidate, constituency or region.
The general election was held in May 2005 and was won by the Labour Party with a reduced majority. Requests for donations were sent out to candidates of all parties throughout the country and major deposits were received from all parts of the United Kingdom. Parties represented include: Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, Green Party, UK Independence Party, Socialist Alliance, Plaid Cymru, Scottish National Party and a range of parties from Northern Ireland. The collection also includes a wide range of addresses and material from smaller parties and Independent candidates.
Born 1910; Open Exhibitioner, Magdalen College, Oxford University, 1928; Assistant Lecturer, University College London, 1934-1936; Fellow and Tutor in Modern History, Merton College, Oxford, 1936; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; 1st King's Dragoon Guards, 1939; Historical Section, War Cabinet Office, 1943; Chichele Professor of the History of War, University of Oxford, 1953-77; former Chairman, Naval Education Advisory Committee; former Member, International Council of the Institute for Strategic Studies; Member of the Council, Royal United Service Institution; Research Associate, Center for International Studies, Princeton, USA, 1965-66; Visiting Professor, University of New Brunswick, 1975-76, the US Military Academy, West Point, 1978-79, and the National University of Singapore, 1982-84; US Outstanding Civilian Service Medal, 1979; Emeritus Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford, 1977; died 1990.
Publications: The origins of Imperial defence (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1955); Makers of England (Oxford University Press, London, 1935); The British Cabinet system (Stevens & Sons, London, 1952); Grand strategy: rearmament policy (H.M.S.O, 1976).
Sir Robert Giffen, 1837-1910, was educated at Glasgow University and then went on to work as a clerk in a solicitors office, 1850-1855. However he spent the majority of his career working with statistics. He became sub-editor of The Globe, 1862-1866, and then assistant editor of The Economist, 1868-1876. He then left journalism to become chief of the statistical department of the Board of Trade, 1876-1882, Assistant Secretary of the Board of Trade and afterwards Controller-General of Commercial Labour and Statistical Departments, 1882-1897. From 1882 to 1884, he was president of the Statistical Society.
Morris Ginsberg, 1889-1970, was born into one of the smaller Lithuanian Jewish communities of the Russian empire. His first language was Yiddish and as a Talmudic scholar he was educated in classical Hebrew. However he quickly mastered English when he migrated to England to work in the business of relatives in Manchester whilst preparing for entry to London University. He entered University College London in 1910 to read for a degree in philosophy and obtained his MA in 1915. He was a temporary lecturer at LSE from 1915-1916, and Lecturer in the Philosophy Department at UCL in 1921. He became an assistant in the Sociology Department at LSE in 1921 and a Lecturer in 1924. He became Martin White Professor of Sociology in 1929, succeeding Hobhouse, and held this chair until 1954. As Professor Emeritus he taught in the School until 1968.
Ellis Charles Raymond Hadfield, 1909-1996, was born in Pietersburg, South Africa, and educated at Blundell's School, Devon, where he began his first researches into canal history. After studying economics at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, Hadfield became a bookseller. He joined the Oxford University Press in 1936 and rose to become Director of Publications, Central Office of Information, 1946-1948, and Controller (Overseas), 1948-1962. David and Charles publishers was formed in 1960, and Hadfield was Director of this company from 1960-1964. Hadfield is best known for his extensive publications which chart the history of British canals and waterways. His most notable publications are The Canal Age, David and Charles (1968), and British Canals - An Illustrated History, David and Charles (1984). In 1945 he became the first Vice Chairman of the Inland Waterways Association, and he was a member of the British Waterways Board from 1962 to 1966.
Thomas Bewley Haran was born in Wishaw, Scotland. He was a retired bank official, whose career spanned 43 years, the majority in the City of London. He died on 15 July 2000.
No further information available at present.
Frederic Harrison, 1831-1923, was educated at Kings College, London and Wadham College, Oxford, where he was a Fellow and Tutor from 1854 to 1856. He was called to the Bar in 1858 and held the post of Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law to the Inns of Court, 1877-1889. He was also a member of the Royal Commission on Trades Unions, 1867-1869, Secretary to the Royal Commission for Digesting the Law, 1869-1870, Vice-President of the Royal Historical Society and the London Library, and an alderman of the London County Council, 1889-1893. However, Frederic Harrison is perhaps best known as the president of the English Positivist Committee, a post that he held from 1880 to 1905.
Born 1912; educated at Oxford University; spent World War two in occupations consistent with her pacifist convictions, including voluntary work in one of the newly created Citizens Advice Bureaux; permanent worker at the Poplar Citizens Advice Bureaux, East London, 1955-1969; wrote a series of influential articles and pamphlets about housing, social security and homelessness; advised Jeremy Sandford on the TV drama-documentary Cathy come home, 1965; Founder Member, Child Poverty Action Group, [1965], with particular interest in the defects of the benefits system; First Director, Citizens' Rights Office, Child Poverty Action Group, 1970-1972; independent Lay Advocate for local authority tenants in county court eviction proceedings, [1972-]; died 1997. Publications: Tenants in Danger (Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1964); Remedies for rent arrears: a study in the London Borough of Camden (Shelter, London, 1979).