Sir Aldo Castellani was born and educated in Florence; qualified in medicine in 1899, and after working in Bonn came to London to the School of Tropical Medicine in 1901. Through Manson's recommendation he joined the Royal Society Commission on Sleeping Sickness as its bacteriologist, and left London for Entebbe, Uganda with George Carmichael Low and Cuthbert Christie in 1902. His early observation of a trypanosome in the cerebro-spinal fluid of a sleeping sickness sufferer without initially realising its importance gave rise to a famous controversy involving Sir David Bruce and others.
In 1903 he was appointed Bacteriologist to the Government of Ceylon and was housed in the Central laboratory in Colombo where he carried on his research, notably in the virgin field of mycology and in bacteriology where he described several new species of intestinal bacilli and invented the absorption test for the serological identification of closely allied organisms. He left Ceylon in 1915 to take the Chair of Medicine in Naples.
Castellani became involved in the war in Serbia and Macedonia, 1915-1918, where he was a member of the Inter-Allied Sanitary Commission. In 1919 he came to London as Consultant to the Ministry of Pensions and set up in consulting practice in Harley Street. With Sir William Simpson, he began a movement to establish the Ross Institute where he became Physician and Mycologist. When the Institute became part of London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1934, Castellani became Director of Mycology and Mycological Diseases in the School, before his enthusiasm for Royal and potentially eminent patients (including Mussolini) further clouded his reputation. He finally followed the Queen of Italy into exile in Portugal and ended his long life as Professor at Lisbon's Institute of Tropical Medicine. Castellani died in 1971.
The Vintage Wine Company Limited was founded in 1924, holding its first meeting at St Swithins Lane, E6. The company operated as wine merchants and owned shops, bottling stores and cellars, particularly in the south of England. In 1925 their name was changed to Castle and Company Limited. In 1936 they aqcuired Town and Country Wine Company Limited. The Company number was 202362.
The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council.
One of the twenty-six wards of the City of London, bounded on the north and west by Farringdon Ward Within, on the east by Queenhithe and Bread Street wards, and on the south by the River Thames. The ward contained four City parishes churches: St Andrew by the Wardrobe, St Benet Paul's Wharf, St Mary Magdalen Old Fish Street and St Gregory by St Paul.
The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council. Castle Baynard Ward is bounded on the north and west by Farringdon Ward Within, on the east by Queenhithe and Bread Street wards, and on the south by the River Thames.
The ward school is believed to have been established in the middle of the 18th century by subscription, and used a school-house on Sermon Lane. In 1875 it merged with the Vintry and Queenhithe Ward Schools, and the combined schools were administered by the National Society. The combined schools continued to use the Sermon Lane premises as the school-house for girls and infants and used the premises in Brickhill Lane, Upper Thames Street, formerly used by Vintry Ward School for boys.
Prior to 1834 Ireland did not have any kind of poor law system. Outdoor relief was provided through local parochial (Church of Ireland) boards. The Poor Law Act of 1834 divided Ireland into poor law unions. Each union was to have an elected Board of Guardians. The Board was responsible for building and administering workhouses and providing further care for the poor within its bounds. An Irish poor law union consisted of an area approximately ten miles in radius. Multiple townlands, usually with a large market town as its centre were found in each union. Although most unions were located within one county, some encompassed up to three counties. Large cities contained their own unions. By 1842, 37 workhouses were operation. In that year alone, more than 30,000 people sought relief. By 1846 there were 130 Irish poor unions housing 94,437 destitute people in its workhouses.
This company was registered in 1906 to acquire the Castlefield Rubber Estate in Klang, Selangor, Malaya. It later purchased the Bukit Dinkel Estate (1908), the Rosapenna Rubber Estate (1914), the Eastgate Estate (1915) and the Bukit Benut Estate in Central Johore (1936). Harrisons and Crosfield Limited replaced Bright and Galbraith as secretaries of the company in 1952. Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited (CLC/B/112-071) acted as local agents from 1953.
In 1982 Castlefield (Klang) Rubber Estate Limited was re-registered as a PLC (public limited company). Harrisons Malaysian Plantations Berhad (CLC/B/112-080) acquired the company in 1984 and it was registered in Malaysia for tax purposes.
The Casual Club was founded in 1866 by the Reverend W J Brodribb, Mr H C Boyes and friends at Dick Tavern in Fleet Street, when the former read a paper on 'Compulsory Education'. The founders were prompted by admiration for the coffee house and tavern coteries of Doctor Johnson and his friends. These coteries provided a kaleidoscope of amusing and informative conversation.
The Casuals believed that they were one of the few of those semi-organised coteries to survive and continued to meet every second Thursday in the month between October and May, to listen to a short talk by a member or visitor or simply engage in friendly discussion on every variety of subjects. The diversity of professions and pursuits of members enabled the meetings to be completed educationally and pleasantly. Over the years, members included authors, energetic housewives, engineers and Privy Councillors who have expounded and illustrated their views on subjects ranging from the mundane to the metaphysical.
The Casual Club meetings were held where it was convenient for travel and for people on their way home from work. One of the venues included The Society of Friends, 52 Saint Martin's Lane, WC2. Meetings generally terminated at 20:30 and sometimes even later to 21:15. Individuals that were considering membership were invited to meetings to see how interesting and useful, they can be. A dinner was also held every autumn, prior to commencing the meetings and a midsummer visit was made to places of interest and refreshment.
The Casual Club had a crest, which was a butterfly and this was flitted from place to place. Initially meetings were conducted at Dick Coffee House, which was located opposite Temple Bar. After its demolition, the Club moved to the Alpine Club in Saint Martin's Place. In 1875, it met at the Century Club. For a long period, meetings took place at the Royal Commonwealth Society. A move to the Horse and Groom in Poland Street was succeeded by meetings at the Institute of Contemporary Art, whence the Club moved to Saint James Hotel.
The history of the Club is largely that of people. From the original church led membership, it changed to Medicine, Science, Law, Engineering, Architecture and Writing. The second paper read at the Casual Club was by Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson. It was called 'Local Anaesthesia' and lecture took place with demonstrations. Sir Morell Mackenzie, throat specialist, who attended the German Emperor, was followed amongst others such as Sir J. Crichton Browne and Sir Ernest Graham-Little, Member of Parliament. On the side of Law, there have been those who followed William Patchett Q.C. to the late Sir John Beaumont who gave a speech at the annual dinner when he was 94 years old.
Source of information: 'The Casual Club: Origin and Activities' {LMA/4622/D/01/006}.
This hospital is now the Royal United Hospital which dates from 1826, when the two old Charities, the Bath Pauper Charity founded in 1746, and the Casualty Hospital were amalgamated. This material is from the library of Herbert Leonard Fuller (1902-1966), a member of an old medical family resident in Bath: he was consulting surgeon to the hospital from 1937 to the time of his death.
The Catch Club were involved in reviving Renaissance vocal music in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Caterham Asylum was opened on 9 October 1870, one week after the opening of Leavesden Asylum. Both Asylums were built and run by the recently constituted Metropolitan Asylums Board for the care of "insane paupers" who were "such harmless persons of the chronic or imbecile class as could lawfully be detained in a workhouse". "Dangerous or curable" patients were to be sent to the county lunatic asylums. At first children were admitted along with adults, but from 1873 the children were sent to Darenth Training Colony. However, both Caterham and Leavesden were soon full to capacity. In 1903, a further Asylum was built at Tooting Bec.
From 1913 the Metropolitan Asylums Board became officially responsible for many mentally defective children (under the Mental Deficiency Act, 1913). Caterham received untrainable boys over the age of 8 when they left the Fountain Mental Hospital, Tooting, as well as other children such as semi-educable ones not up to the standard of Darenth Training Colony. Caterham had a large proportion of older patients and many who had been there a long time who had little chance of recovery. By 1930, the hospital had 2068 beds.
After 1930 Caterham Asylum, known as Caterham Mental Hospital since 1920, was run by the London County Council. In 1941 it was renamed Saint Lawrence's Hospital. During World War II, 494 beds at Caterham were set aside for Caterham Emergency Hospital taking in civilians and military casualties.
In 1948 Saint Lawrence's Hospital was taken over by the South West Metropolitan Regional Board who administered the hospital until 1974. Under NHS reorganisation the hospital was administered by the South West Thames Regional Health Authority. Between 1974 and 1982 it was in the Croydon Area Health Authority; in 1982 it became part of the Croydon District Health Authority. In April 1991 Saint Lawrence's Hospital became part of Lifecare NHS Trust.
Caterham Asylum was opened on 9 October 1870. After 1930 Caterham Asylum, known as Caterham Mental Hospital since 1920, was run by the London County Council. In 1941 it was renamed Saint Lawrence's Hospital. In 1948 Saint Lawrence's Hospital was taken over by the South West Metropolitan Regional Board who administered the hospital until 1974. Under NHS reorganisation the hospital was administered by the South West Thames Regional Health Authority. Between 1974 and 1982 it was in the Croydon Area Health Authority; in 1982 it became part of the Croydon District Health Authority. In April 1991 Saint Lawrence's Hospital became part of Lifecare NHS Trust.
During the Second World War 448 beds were set aside at Saint Lawrence's Hospital for use by the Emergency Medical Service, as Caterham Emergency Hospital. These were used for the treatment of both military and civilian casualties. Use of the beds returned to Saint Lawrence's in 1944.
Caterham Asylum was opened on 9 October 1870. From 1913 the Metropolitan Asylums Board became officially responsible for many mentally defective children (under the Mental Deficiency Act, 1913). Caterham received untrainable boys over the age of 8 when they left the Fountain Mental Hospital, Tooting, as well as other children such as semi-educable ones not up to the standard of Darenth Training Colony. Caterham had a large proportion of older patients and many who had been there a long time who had little chance of recovery. By 1930, the hospital had 2068 beds. After 1930 Caterham Asylum, known as Caterham Mental Hospital since 1920, was run by the London County Council. In 1941 it was renamed Saint Lawrence's Hospital. In 1948 Saint Lawrence's Hospital was taken over by the South West Metropolitan Regional Board who administered the hospital until 1974. Under NHS reorganisation the hospital was administered by the South West Thames Regional Health Authority. Between 1974 and 1982 it was in the Croydon Area Health Authority; in 1982 it became part of the Croydon District Health Authority. In April 1991 Saint Lawrence's Hospital became part of Lifecare NHS Trust.
During the Second World War, 448 beds were set aside at Saint Lawrence's Hospital for use by the Emergency Medical Service, as Caterham Emergency Hospital. These were used for the treatment of both military and civilian casualties. Use of the beds returned to Saint Lawrence's in 1944.
Catering Services (Newark) Limited was in liquidation in October 1970; the assets were assigned to James Hole and Company Limited (see ACC/2305/41).
Catesbys Limited, a family firm, ran a shop on the west side of Tottenham Court Road, near to Goodge Street station (nos 64-71). It sold carpets, furniture, linens, hardware and pottery. The company was incorporated 27 May 1910.
Corbulin Ltd was based at 64 Tottenham Court Road and was linked to Catesbys Ltd in that the Catesby family were directors.
The Catholic Poor School Committee was founded in 1847 under the auspices of the Catholic Bishops of Great Britain to provide primary education for the children of poor Catholics in the UK. At this time there was an urgent need to address the lack of schools and teachers for Catholic children, who either attended non-Catholic schools or had no formal education at all.
The Committee consisted of 24 members comprising a clergyman and two laymen from each of the eight ecclesiastical districts into which England and Wales was then divided.
Chaired by the Hon Charles Langdale, the committee was recognized as the body nominated to act as intermediary between the Catholic body and the Committee of the Privy Council on Education, with a view to obtaining a share of the Government Grant for National Education, providing assistance for the building and support of Catholic schools and establishing training colleges for teachers.
In December 1847, the Committee of Council on Education set the conditions for aid grants to the Roman Catholic Schools
It was this Catholic Poor School Committee who purchased the Hammersmith site on which St Mary's College was established in 1850.
From 1888, this committee was known as the Catholic Schools Committee, and in 1905 its was converted into the Catholic Education Council, a much larger body with 80 members. The Catholic Education Council continued and enlarged on the work of its predecessor, fostering the building and extension of schools, promoting and establishing training colleges and secondary education to meet the needs of a growing Catholic population. It continued to by chaired by the 15th Duke of Norfolk until his death in 1916.
[The Committee of Council on Education consisting of four ministers of the Crown, was created in 1839 to superintend the application of any sums voted by Parliament for the purpose of promoting public education. The Education Committee of the Privy Council became the Board of Education and subsequently the Education Department.]
The Westminster chapter of the Catholic Evidence Guild, was commissioned by the Archbishop of Westminster in London, 1918. The purpose of the guild was to prepare the way to conversions to Roman Catholicism by overcoming incorrect impressions about the Church and its teachings. The best known site for its talks was Speakers' Corner, Hyde Park and Tower Hill was another favorite location. Weather permitting, the guild was active twice a week except during the coldest months. Members trained two other nights each week, deepening their knowledge of the subject for their talk, gaining a broad perspective of the main points of Catholic teaching, giving practice talks, and learning how to deal with hostile crowds. The guild in England was primarily composed of dedicated lay people but also included a few priests.
The Sword of the Spirit was founded in 1940, in response to the rise of fascism. Although founded by lay Catholics and supported by Cardinal Hinsley the organisation was ecumenical from the start. Its focus was on a just social order. At that stage it looked primarily to Europe. In the 1950s, it widened its brief to inform people in church and society about the international agenda.
In 1965, The Sword of the Spirit was renamed the Catholic Institute for International Relations (CIIR) with an education section and an overseas volunteer programme. In 1966, the overseas volunteer programme became part of the UK government's British Volunteer Programme and was in the most part funded by the Government's Overseas Development Administration (ODA, later the Department for International Development, or DFID). At first, volunteer placements were linked to the church, but the overseas programme gradually took on more of a serious developmental perspective and was not limited to any particular religious affiliation. The programme worked closely with other sending agencies (through the British Volunteer Agencies Liaison Group).
Throughout its history, the organisation has sought to influence church and state, most notably to support liberation struggles, grassroots developments and to strengthen a moral voice against human rights abuses. In the 1970s, following the Second Vatican Council and the statement of the Catholic Church's commitment to the option for the poor, progressive elements in the Church came increasingly to support grassroots liberation movements. CIIR's then education department supported the progressive elements of the Church in various liberation and human rights struggles in Central America, southern Africa and Asia. CIIR published booklets on liberation theology and promoted progressive church speakers. The CIIR, in collaboration with others also undertook detailed policy analysis and innovative work on issues such as drugs, debt and trade.
Early in the 1990s, the overseas programme was renamed International Cooperation for Development (ICD). ICD continued to have ODA funding. Around this time ICD started having national staff in country offices - a vanguard move among development agencies, most of which were still run locally by expatriate staff. Throughout the 1990s, CIIR's education department (by this time renamed the international policy department) faced difficulties. Funding sources were drying up and there was a proliferation of agencies and academic institutions undertaking development policy work. The two approaches remained separate and distinct departments within CIIR until January 2000. After an internal process of reflection, CIIR brought the two departments together into one programme department, combining skill-share and advocacy. In 2006 CIIR changed its name to Progressio.
The Catholic Missionary Society was founded by Cardinal Vaughan as the Westminster Missionaries. The central focus of the organisation was the conversion of non-Catholics, rather than non-Christians. Although there is a secondary note of those who 'profess no religion', the Church of England and in particular the 'High Church' party were the main targets. The other element which increasingly came to the fore in the practice of Parish Missions and Retreats by the CMS was reaching the 'lapsed'. The mission was seen as a chance to visit those whose practice of the faith (most obviously their attendance at mass and confession) were less than they had been. Often these were called 'Missions to Catholics and non-Catholics' indicating that their purpose was to deepen and renew the faith of Catholics, to bring back those whose faith was becoming inactive and to reach out to those who were members, if not necessarily active members, of other Christian Churches.
The CMS ceased service in 2003, with its work being continued by the Catholic Agency to Support Evangelisation. Its assets were transferred to the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales.
The Cattle Feeding Stuffs Central Advisory Committee was set up by the Ministry of Food in 1919. Its membership comprised importers and dealers in cattle feeding stuffs who, under government supervision, aimed to regulate the trade in cattle cake in the aftermath of the First World War.
Cattle Traders' Insurance Company Limited was founded in 1915 as Cattle Traders' Marine, the name was changed in 1923. The company specialised in the marine insurance of livestock. They had offices at Ferry Buildings, Birkenhead; Martins Bank Buildings, Birkenhead. They were acquired by Eagle Star in 1947. The name was changed to Shipowners' Security Insurance Company Limited in 1963.
Born 1889; educated at Uppingham School, Leicestershire, and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into The Gloucestershire Regt, 1909; served in Bombay, India, 1910; Lt, 1911; service with 7 Bn, The King's (Liverpool Regt), Territorial Force, 1913; served with 1 Bn, The Gloucestershire Regt, Bordon, Hampshire, 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; service with 1 Bn, The Gloucestershire Regt, 3 Infantry Bde, 1 Div, 1 Corps, British Expeditionary Force (BEF), Belgium and France, 1914; captured by German forces, 1914; POW, 1914-1917; Capt, 1915; awarded MC, 1916; escaped to the Netherlands from Schwarmstedt prison camp, Germany, 1917; service on Western Front, Macedonia and Turkey, 1917-1918; awarded Bar to MC, 1918; General Staff Officer 3, General Headquarters (Operations and Intelligence), British Salonika Force, 1918-1919; Brevet Maj, 1919; General Staff Officer 3, British Salonika Force and British Army of the Black Sea, Russia, 1919-1920; General Staff Officer 3, 6 Div, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force, Iraq, 1920-1921; Capt, Royal Tank Corps, 1923; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1923; Maj, 1924; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), Germany, 1925-1927; Senior Officers School, Sheerness, Kent, 1927; General Staff Officer 2, Northern Command, 1927-1929; Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Northern Ireland District, 1930-1933; Brevet Lt Col, 1933; Lt Col, 1935; Commanding Officer, 1 Bn (Light), Royal Tank Corps, Egypt, 1935-1939; Col, 1936; temporary Brig, 1939; commanded 1 Army Tank Bde, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; commanded Armoured Bde, Egypt, 1939-1941; commanded 4 Armoured Bde, 7 Armoured Div, Western Desert campaign, 1940-1941; commanded 4 Armoured Bde in capture of Fort Capuzzo, Battle of Beda Fomm, Libya, Feb 1941; awarded CBE, 1941; Brig General Staff and Deputy Director of Staff Duties, Armoured Troops, General Headquarters, India, 1941-1943; retired 1944; member of Looe Urban District Council, Cornwall, 1952-1967; member for Great Britain, International Committee of the International Game Fish Association; died 1981. Publications: 13 days. The chronicle of an escape from a German prison camp (G Bell and Sons, London, 1918); A short guide to shark angling at Looe, and other places in SW England (Published by the author, Looe, Cornwall, 1958); Shark angling in Great Britain (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1961).
The Causton family were noted Highgate residents. Reverend Thomas Henry Causton was perpetual curate at St Michael's, Highgate, from 1838 to 1854.
Peter and John Causton are described as merchants, importing from Spain; while James Causton was the game keeper of the manor of Butlers in Suffolk.
It consists of various papers deliberately assembled by Professor Cavanagh on the subject of Minamata Disease, a neurological disorder caused by methyl mercury poisoning of which there was an epidemic at Minamata Bay in Japan in the 1950s due to industrial pollution of the water. It includes a number of original papers accumulated by Dr Douglas McAlpine who conducted the 1958 investigation at Minamata with Dr S Araki of Kumamto, and also later correspondence of Cavanagh with McAlpine himself and others who help to elucidate the nature and causation of the disease in order to discover the various contributions.
Born, 1912; Founder and Chairman of the MS Society; died 1988.
The firm was established in 1896 as an amalgamation of several companies - Wholesale and Retail Grocers, Tea Dealers and Blenders, Provision Dealers, Wine and Spirit and Beer Merchants and General Purveyors previously run by A. J Cave, A.J. and C.H. Cave, J and Alfred Austin and James McCabe. The original board of directors consisted of A.J. Cave, C.H. Cave, Alfred Austin, Charles Stamp, E Underwood, James McCabe and E.J. Mansfield. The stores (including the Eastbourne store pictured in LMA/4758/C/02/002) held a range of goods including fish, meat, green groceries, spirits and hardware. A range of Cafés on the Kent and Sussex Coast lines opened from 1896 onwards. The idea originated from C.H. Cave who opened the first tea and coffee shop in Brighton. By 1931, however, the decision was made to focus on becoming a 'High-class Grocers'; instead of acquiring more stores, the company would expand and modernise the existing stores and cafes (see LMA/4758/B/01/002). The company’s registered offices were at Idol Lane, Eastcheap, City of London (until 1931); then at Seeay House, 34/40 Eastdown Park, Lewisham (1931 until after 1957).
At its height, Austin Cave Grocers had over fifty branches all over South-East London, North-East London, Kent and Surrey as well as cafés in many major South Coast resorts such Deal in Kent and, St Leonards-on-Sea and Hastings in Sussex. In 1956 the company could boast that ‘2600 tons of food are delivered from warehouses to branches per year’ (see LMA/4758/B/02/001) while ‘Town and Country Life’ suggested in the 1920s that ‘all motorists and other travellers should make note of the Cave’s Cafés’ (see LMA/4758/B/01/001).
From the beginning to his death in 1935, Charles Stamp was a leading figure: as director, secretary and chairman. He was succeeded by his son, Charles Alfred Stamp who was subsequently also succeeded as chairman by his elder son Barry Hartnell Stamp. Barry Hartnell Stamp was the last managing director as the company was taken over by Burton, Son and Sanders in 1963. The company was sold again in 1966 to Moores Stores and the name Cave Austin disappeared soon after. For more information see the company history ‘Sixty Years of Trading’ (LMA/4758/B/02/001).
Alan Cawley was a Geological Surveyor in the Department of Lands and Mines, Tanganika in late 1930s and became a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1936-1949.
Born 1878, Crumpsall, Lancashire; educated Rugby and New College Oxford, called to Bar at Inner Temple, 1902; joined 2 Volunteer Battalion, Manchester Regiment, 1904; elected MP for Heywood, Lancashire, 1910; appointed Aide de Camp to Major General William Douglas, General Officer Commanding 42 East Lancashire Division, 1914; requested posting with his battalion on Gallipolli front lines, Sept 1915; killed in action, 23 Sept 1915.
This company, of Cawnpore, India, was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
Born in 1911; joined RN, 1930; Engineering Capt, Naval Ordnance Department, Admiralty, 1955; Imperial Defence Course, 1956; Commanding Officer of HMS FISGARD, Naval Artificers' Training Establishment, Torpoint, 1958-1960; Director of Underwater Weapons, Admiralty, 1960-1963; R Adm, 1964; Adm Superintendent, HM Dockyard, Devonport, 1964-1966; retired, 1967; died, 2005.
Marjorie L Caygill had an extensive career at the British Museum, and is the author of several books on the Museum and its collections.
The British Medical Association was founded, as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, in Worcester in 1832 by Dr (later Sir) Charles Hastings. There was no regulation of the profession at this time and anyone, whetherqualified or not, could practise as a doctor. The Association lobbied for aregulatory body and this led to the setting up of the General Medical Council in 1858. The Association also campaigned on behalf of doctors providing medical care under the Poor Laws and on other issues.
The Association's membership grew rapidly. In 1853, it extended its membership to London doctors and became the British Medical Association in 1856.
Arthur Cayley, English mathematician, was born at Richmond, in Surrey, on the 16 August 1821, the second son of Henry Cayley, a Russian merchant, and Maria Antonia Doughty. His father, Henry Cayley, retired from business in 1829 and settled in Blackileath, where Arthur was sent to a private school kept by the Rev. G. B. F. Potticary; at the age of fourteen he was transferred to Kings College School, London. He soon showed that he was a boy of great capacity, and in particular that he was possessed of remarkable mathematical ability. On the advice of the school authorities he was entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, as a pensioner. He was there coached by William Hopkins of Peterhouse, was admitted a scholar of the college in May 1840, and graduated as senior wrangler in 1842, and obtained the first Smiths Prize at the next examination. In 1842, also, he was elected a fellow of Trinity, and became a major fellow in 1845, the year in which he proceeded to the M.A. degree. He was assistant tutor of Trinity for three years. In 1846, having decided to adopt the law as a profession, he left Cambridge, entered at Lincoln's Inn, and became a pupil of the conveyancer Mr Christie. He was called to the bar in 1849, and remained at the bar fourteen years, till 1863, when he was elected to the new Sadlerian professorship of pure mathematics at Cambridge University. He settled at Cambridge in the same year, and married Susan, daughter of Robert Moline of Greenwich. He continued to reside in Cambridge and to hold the professorship till his death on the 26 January 1895.
Lieutenant-Commander Cazaly was the Officer Commanding, 11th LCT flotilla during the latter half of the Second World War, taking part in Operation "Husky" (The allied invasion of Sicily in 1943) and then Operation "Neptune" (the naval element of the D-Day landings in 1944). On D-Day, Cazaly was responsible for landing Duplex-Drive Sherman tanks of the Canadian 10th Armoured Regiment (Fort Garry Horse) on to Nan Sector of Juno beach, in order to give support to the 8th Canadian Infantry Brigade. Like other LCT commanders on D-Day, Cazaly took the decision that due to the rough seas, he would take the tanks right onto the beach, as opposed to letting them off of the landing craft out from the beach and letting them swim in, as was the plan.
The origins of Cazenove can be traced to the early Huguenot financiers who left France for Geneva in the late 17th century after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. In time, a number of the Huguenots left Geneva for the City of London, including members of the Cazenove family. The founder of the firm was Philip Cazenove (1798-1880). It began in 1819 when Philip joined the business of his brother-in-law John Menet with whom he went into partnership in 1823. John Menet died in 1835 and Philip subsequently went into partnership with Joseph Laurence and Charles Pearce, before branching out on his own and then forming a new partnership in 1854 with his son and nephew. Involved in issues ranging from His Highness the Nizam's State Railway Company to the Metropolitan Sewage and Essex Reclamation Company, his business prospered. Following Philip's death in 1880, the business continued to flourish and by the mid 1930s had become one of the City of London's pre-eminent stockbroking partnerships.
In the 1980s, Cazenove played an important part in most of the British Government's privatisation issues. In the turbulent period of "Big Bang" in the mid 1980s, which revolutionised the workings of the City, Cazenove retained its independence. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s it expanded its business, both domestically and internationally. The firm incorporated in April 2001, raising equity and debt finance from some of the leading institutional investors in the UK. During 2002, it opened offices in Frankfurt, Paris and Beijing and began the restructuring of its fund management business. In the UK, it continued to extend its competence and market share in the mergers and acquisitions, financial advisory and equities businesses.
On 5 November 2004, Cazenove announced that it would combine its investment banking business with JPMorgan's UK investment banking business in a new investment banking company to be owned jointly and called JPMorgan Cazenove. The 50% interest in JPMorgan Cazenove was held by Cazenove Group, a private company. In 2009 the remaining 50% of the business was bought by JPMorgan.
Over the years the firm has been known under a variety of names: Menet and Cazenove, 1823-35; P. Cazenove and Company, 1835; Laurence, Cazenove and Pearce, 1836-54; P. Cazenove and Company, 1855-84; Cazenove and Akroyds, 1884-1932; Cazenove, Akroyds and Greenwood and Company, 1932-1954; Cazenove and Company, 1954-2004; Cazenove Group, 2004-. The company was based at: 7 Old Broad Street, 1823-35; Auction Mart, Bartholomew Lane, 1836-54; 39 Lothbury, 1855-1859; 52 Threadneedle Street, 1859-1919, 43 Threadneedle Street, 1919-1926; 10 Old Broad Street, 1926-37; 12 Tokenhouse Yard, 1937-2003; 20 Moorgate, 2003-.
Isabella Poyntz was the daughter of William Stephen Poyntz and Mary Elizabeth Montague. She married Brownlow Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Exeter in 1824.
These papers relate to the estate of James Edward Hubert, Gascoyne-Cecil (1861-1947), 4th Marquess of Salisbury. Gascoyne-Cecil had a career as a politician, including MP for Rochester and Leader of the House of Lords, 1925-29.
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, acted as Secretary (1558-1572) and Lord Treasurer (1572-1598) to Queen Elizabeth I.
Cedars Lodge was an old people's home administered by the London County Council Welfare Department, and situated in Cedars Road, Clapham. It was transferred to Southwark Council in 1965 and closed down in 1969.
The compiler's name is given in MS.185 under the anagram 'Tessun Celi Terenzi', which appears to be equivalent to 'Terenzi Celestinus'. In MS. 186, by the same hand, the anagram is spelt 'Tessun Coeli' which would become 'Coelestinus'.
Founded as the Friendly Society or Club but known as the Centenary Club from 1795, it was a dining club which met successively at the Castle, Paternoster Row, the Half Moon, Cheapside and the London coffee house, Ludgate hill. Many of the club's members held civic office in the City of London.
The first Trade Union to be officially recognised in Nyasaland was the Transport and Allied Workers' Union (TAWU) in 1949. The Nyasaland Trades Union Congress (NTUC) was founded in 1956. Trade Unions suffered a great set-back during the State of Emergency in 1959, most active leaders were detained and for many months TU activity were almost unknown. In 1960 the TAWU disaffiliated from the NTUC, and established the National Council of Labour in direct opposition.
The Central African Examiner was published in Salisbury, Rhodesia from 1957-1966.
The Central Association had been established in 1895 by representatives of the London Clearing House, the West End banks and the Association of English Country Bankers to "safeguard the interests of bankers as a whole ... without in any way interfering with the work of the older societies". From the start, the Central Association was a channel for consultation, information and defence of banks. It was not concerned with the interests of bank officials which were cared for by the Institute of Bankers, although it shared the Institute's premises at 34 St Clements Lane.
The British Bankers' Association was established in 1919 as a result of the merger of the Central Association of Bankers and the Association of English Country Bankers. Its object was to better promote the interests of the banking community by having just one responsible association.
The London Master Builders' Association, under the name of the Central Association of Master Builders of London, was founded in 1872 with the object of promoting and protecting the interests of the building trade of London in general and of Members of the Association in particular, by united action in the settlement of all questions arising between employers and their workmen; by general adoption of equitable conditions of contract; by the interchange of information throughout the Country and the collection of statistics of general interest to the trade; by the assistance of members during trade disputes, at the discretion of the Council; and by the establishment and conduct of an Employment Bureau for builders' foremen, clerks and others.
The name was changed to the London Master Builders' Association in February 1899. Between 1918 and 1922 it was known successively as the London Master Builders and Aircraft Industries Association and the London Master Builders and Allied Industries Association, reverting to London Master Builders' Association in 1922. It became the London Region of the National Federation of Building Trades Employers in 1928; a body which as the National Association of Master Builders of Great Britain, had been established in 1878, as a direct outcome of the mason's strike of 1877/8.
The trust was set up in 1902 to administer the £1,135,000 Government bonds paid by the Government of Brazil on 24 April 1902 when it compulsorily purchased the railway undertaking of the Central Bahia Railway Company Limited. The trust was wound up in 1945.
Central Berkshire Equal Opportunities Committee (1976-1978) was founded in 1976. The first meeting of the Central Berkshire Equal Opportunities Committee took place in Wokingham on the 8 Jan 1976. It was a non-party organisation with the following aims: to spread knowledge of recent legislation in the field, to foster awareness of the issues involved in public and private life, to monitor locally the implementation of the new legislation and to help individuals who wished to take advantage of the provisions of the new law. It soon changed its name to the Central Berkshire Equal Opportunities Group on the advice of the Equal Opportunities Commission. The group undertook a series of activities, including providing a panel of speakers to local groups such as the Round Table, the Women's Register and the local branch of the Labour Party. Additionally, it undertook publicity for itself and its aims through radio and newspaper interviews and leaflets and organised an exhibition of photographs on the working lives of women. The main part of its work, however, was responding to government consultative documents, liaising with local authority schools and careers officers to assess the impact of the legislation, and assisting with the establishment of a local branch of the Citizen's Advice Bureau. They were only able to assist in one individual case before ending their activities some time in late 1978 due to declining attendance.
The Central British Fund for World Jewish Relief was founded in the early months of 1933 by a group of Anglo-Jewish community leaders, in response to the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany on a political platform of anti-Semitism. Among the founders were Anthony de Rothschild, Leonard G. Montefiore and Otto Schiff. The fund has been through many name changes in its lifetime. It started out as the Central British Fund for German Jewry, then became part of the new Council for German Jewry in 1936 along with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and the American United Palestine Appeal. On the outbreak of World War Two in 1939 the fund changed its name to the Central Council for Jewish Refugees, and in 1944 changed again to the Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation. After many years as the Central British Fund for World Jewish Relief, the organisation is now known as World Jewish Relief. The Fund's mission, according to its Memorandum of Association, was 'to relieve or assist Jewish Refugees in any part of the world in such manner and on such terms and conditions (if any) as may be thought fit'. In this work the fund was aided by various organisations, including the Jewish Refugees Committee (JRC) which was founded by Otto Schiff in 1933, the Children's Refugee Movement (established by the JRC and the Inter-Aid Committee), and the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad, which was established in 1943 and financed by the Central Council for Jewish Refugees (as the Central British Fund (CBF) was then known).