Born in 1904; educated at Taunton School and HMS CONWAY; Midshipman, Royal Naval Reserve (RNR), 1921; service with Canadian Pacific Steamship Company, 1921; Lt, 1928; commanded Royal Naval Reserve contingent, Armistice Day ceremony, London, 1930; Lt Cdr, 1937; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; appointed to command inshore minesweeping flotilla, 1940; commanded HMS VAN MEERLANT, 1940-1941; wounded and lost a leg when HMS VAN MEERLANT sunk by mine, Thames estuary, Jun 1941; served in Admiralty on Staff of Second Sea Lord and in the Combined Operations Division; Cdr, 1944; retired from Royal Naval Reserve, 1945; died 1996.
From the beginnings of the Society, Members donated specimens, books and illustrations to the Library and Museum collections. The earliest mention of a portrait image being given was Louis Albert Necker's donation of an engraving of his maternal grandfather Horace Benedict de Saussure in December 1811 [no longer extant].
The Society also holds larger oil paintings and portrait busts of its Fellows, again acquired through donation or by purchase. However from the 1860s onwards, when commercial photography became more available, the Society actively sought to collect images of its Fellows probably inspired by a printed notice issued by the photographer's studio Maull and Polyblank announcing the formation of a carte de visite series of Geological Society Fellows (LDGSL/332). The majority of the images in the portrait collection derive from this series, stopping around the First World War. After the 1930s, and up until the 1990s, portraits were generally only collected of Presidents of the Society.
The Post Office began to consider the benefits of introducing automatic data processing (ADP) in the 1950s. The first large scale application of a computerised system to Post Office operations was the introduction of the LEAPS system (London Electronic Agency for Pay and Statistics) in 1958. Prior to this, computers had been used in remittance work and postmaster balancing work, as well as in the Post Office Savings Bank.
The LEAPS system was introduced to replace the manual preparation of pay. Two Elliot 405 computers were developed and used for payroll, pensions and statistical work; this meant that the Post Office was now one of the largest users of ADP equipment in the UK.
Gradually, computer applications and ADP systems were proposed and introduced throughout the organisation. In 1961, the Post Office looked at ten areas of Head Post Office work where ADP could be applied. The areas considered were: mail circulation; delivery and collection planning; motor transport scheduling; payroll and staff; postal staff planning and control; cash accounting by counter machine; broadcast receiving licences; postal costing; income and expenditure accounting. A review was undertaken and it was decided to proceed with computer application in all these areas. Eventually, ADP and the use of computer applications and systems were applied to all aspects of postal work.
Several factors had to be considered each time a new proposal for a computer application/system was thought up - the Post Office had to consider whether or not it was profitable to introduce the new system and if there was an urgent need for it, as well as the practicialities of implementation and optimum timing. They also had to think about the effect it would have on the public and on Post Office staff as, inevitably, the introduction of ADP and computer applications meant that fewer staff were needed.
Up until 1969, the Post Office was a government department. Its change of status brought in legislation, namely the Post Office Data Processing Act, 1967 (see related material) which enabled the establishment of the Data Processing Service. The Data Processing Service had two arms - the Post Office Data Processing Service (PODPS) which provided ADP services and support to the Post Office and the National Data Processing Service which worked for external customers.
While the 1960s saw the Post Office considering ways of introducing ADP, the following decades saw the increasing use of computers in Post Office work, particularly in the 1980s with various plans to implement and improve computer systems for data capture and streamlining data processing methods. The counter automation project in the 1980s (which looked at the possibility of introducing a computer system to record cash transactions at local offices) is just one example.
The 1980s also saw the Post Office's Information Technology Department informing people of their work and developing IT strategies; the work resulted in the introduction of several computer systems to assist with the day to day running of the Post Office.
Around 1990 the Information Technology Business of the Post Office became known as 'iT'.
In the following passage of writing, a selection of the major Acts of Parliament that have affected the Post Office over the centuries, and that can be found within this class of records, are described in a little more detail.
An Act for the Settling of the Postage of England, Scotland and Ireland 1657 (POST 114/1):
In 1635, Charles I made the Royal Posts officially available for public use for the first time. Unlike Charles, this service survived the Civil War and in 1657, Oliver Cromwell's parliament passed an Act that established a number of important principles that would guide the early Post Office during its subsequent expansion. On the second page of the Act is the following passage: 'Be it enacted by his highness the Lord Protector and the parliament… that from henceforth there be one general office to be called and known by the name of the Post Office of England'. And so the General Post Office (GPO) came into being. The Act established the position of Postmaster General (which remained the head Post Office position until the role was eventually abolished with the Post Office Act of 1969) and rates of postage were also set forth. To send one letter anywhere within 80 miles of London cost two pence; to Scotland, four pence; and to send a letter as far as towns in France, or even to Constantinople, cost one shilling. Finally, the Act claimed for the Crown the sole right to offer a postal service within the British Isles, establishing a state monopoly that would survive until the new millennium. Any person or organisation found to be offering postal services without the proper authority could be fined £1000 for each month the service was active (p.10). There have been numerous subsequent Acts of parliament that have modified the terms of this monopoly, such as the 1837 Post Office Management Act and Post Office Offences Act (POST 114/5).
Conveyance of Mail Acts: Mail Coaches (1790) and Railways (1838) (POST 114/52 and 53):
In the last quarter of the eighteenth century, the Post Office introduced a new method of conveying letters and parcels across Britain that greatly contributed to a growth and improvement of postal services and an expansion of the organisation. A system of mail coaches was developed that became the principal method of conveyance of mails until trains came to dominate from the 1840s onwards. The Stage Coach Act of 1790 laid down rules for the new system. Turnpike charges, the number of horses per carriage, the number of passengers per carriage, fines for mail guards who unnecessarily fired their issued guns and other details were set forth. The champion of the new mail coaches was John Palmer who was the first to see that armed mail coaches travelling on improved roads according to a precise timetable could make postal communications more efficient. This it did, and it was the first of a number of significant transportation changes that would facilitate great leaps in the growth of mail volumes that could be effectively handled by the Post Office. The mail coach system eventually passed away as the trains of the industrial revolution became the prime method of transporting the mails over distance. The Conveyance of Mails by railways Act of 1838 gave the Postmaster General the authority to require railway companies to carry mails at the direction of the Post Office in return for suitable payment, with fines imposed upon companies who refused. The Royal Arms were to be painted on these carriages and from the early 1840s, Travelling Post Offices (TPO) - trains that would carry the mails and staff to sort them whilst in transit - began to run, with over 100 in operation by the end of the century. Further Railway Acts with various amendments were passed in 1844 and 1868.
Superannuation Act 1859 (Post 114/105)
State pensions could be claimed at the age of 70 from 1908 and this marked the beginning of improved welfare provisions in Britain aimed at tackling the poverty and hardships that had been perennially associated with old age. For much of the nineteenth century, those who became too old to work had to rely on the meagre provisions of family, charity and the Poor Law to survive and in this respect, the Superannuation Act of 19 April 1859 meant that working for the Post Office as an established employee became a vocation coveted for the financial securities it offered later in life. From this date, pensions were paid to employees after at least ten years service at one-sixtieth of retirement pay, rising to a maximum of four-sixths. Those who retired earlier than age 60 for health reasons could expect to receive one month's pay for each year of service. Further pensions acts were passed by parliament through the nineteenth century (also reproduced in this volume; see also POST 114/106), which expanded upon the provisions of the landmark 1859 act and added various adjustments to pension and gratuity entitlement. From 1909, standard pension entitlement was slightly reduced, but a lump sum to the value of one-thirtieth of retirement pay was added, in addition to other entitlements such as a gratuity worth one year's wages paid to the family of an employee who died in service.
Savings Bank Act 1861 (POST 114/89)
By the mid-nineteenth century the debate about the role the state should play in the country's personal banking had grown in importance. The old Trustee Savings Banks handed their takings to the government for investment and received a fixed yearly dividend in return. This system did not facilitate small savings and depositors often had to travel a great distance to use such services. Although Rowland Hill, who was still secretary of the Post Office at the end of the 1850s, opposed further state (Post Office) intervention into financial services, others such as Frank Scudamore and John Tilley favoured the introduction of a set of reforms that would see the department take primary responsibility in administrating a personal savings facility. In 1861, having been introduced by Chancellor of the Exchequer William Gladstone, the Savings Bank Act was passed by the Palmerston Government and business began on 16 September. What was new about the service was that it was state-run and therefore enjoyed high security; deposits and withdrawals could be made at different post offices for one account by using a 'depositor's book'; small sums under one pound could be deposited; and account holders received a dividend equivalent to the value of interest accrued by state investment of their money, rather than a fixed rate. This meant that poorer people could now more easily use such services and the Post Office Savings Bank grew rapidly. In 1862, 178,000 accounts held £1.7m and by the turn of the century these figures had risen to 8.5m accounts and £136m in deposits (note that many people, as well as clubs and societies, held numerous accounts). Banking services remained an important part of the Post Office. In 1969, the service became known as National Savings.
Post Office Act 1969 (POST 114/14)
The Post Office Act of 1969 is one of the landmark events in the history of the organisation during the twentieth century. By this time, the Post Office, still a department of government, had acquired full responsibility for running an array of national services including postal communications, the ever-growing telephone system, a national savings bank (including National GIRO, introduced in 1968), pensions and much else besides. When the 1969 legislation came into effect on 1 October, it made a number of significant changes. Firstly, the Post Office ceased to be a government department and became a public corporation with all of its shares owned by the government. Organisational changes to this effect had been underway since the beginning of the decade and by 1969 it had been generally accepted that the new corporate status was necessary for the organisation to become a profitable entity in the post-war economy. This meant that the historic position of Postmaster General was abolished and a new Post Office Board reported to the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, a newly established ministerial position. Secondly, this legislation effectively divided the organisation into two distinct businesses: posts and telecommunications. It was felt that this would ensure a more efficient service for both and facilitate the ongoing modernisation that it was hoped would improve the profit margins of the Post Office as a whole. In reality, the Post Office Act of 1969 paved the way for the telecommunications side of the business to be separated from Post Office management entirely and it was eventually privatised in the early 1980s. The Act itself is 264 pages long and addresses other issues such as finance, banking, pensions, stamps and the status of the Post Office's postal and telecommunications monopoly.
Merchant Shipping: Logs - East India Company
Copies of Volumes and Documents - Microfilms
Born in 1900; Lt, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1923; attached to Sudan Defence Force, 1924-1931; Capt, 1927; Maj, 1934; served on North West Frontier of India, 1936-1937; died in 1987.
Born 1896; educated at Shrewsbury and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned into the Royal Berkshire Regt, 1915; Lt, 1915; served on Western Front, 1916-1918; acting Capt, 1916-1918; Adjutant, 1 Bn, Royal Berkshire Regt, 1917-1918; awarded MC, 1918; acting Capt, 1918-1921; service in Iraq, 1919-1920; Capt, 1921; service with officers Company of Gentleman Cadets, Royal Military College, Sandhurst, 1923-1927; Maj, 1932; Staff Capt, War Office, 1932-1934; Bde Maj, Aldershot Command, 1934-1936; General Staff Officer 2, Defence Forces, Union of South Africa, 1937-1938; Lt Col, 1938; Commanding Officer, 1 Bn, Royal Berkshire Regt, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; acting Brig, 1939-1940; commanded 13 Infantry Bde, campaign in France and the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) from Dunkirk, 1940; awarded DSO, 1940; Chief of Staff, Canadian Corps, UK, 1940; Col, 1941; acting Maj Gen, 1941; General Officer Commanding 46 (North Midland and West Riding) Div, UK, 1941; General Officer Commanding 42 Armoured Div, UK, 1942; General Officer Commanding 13 Corps, 8 Army, North Africa and the Allied Invasions of Sicily and Italy, 1942-1943; awarded CB, 1943; General Officer Commanding 2 Army, 21 Army Group, Allied Invasion of Normandy and North West Europe campaign, 1944-1945; created KCB, 1944; General Officer Commanding 14 Army in reoccupation of Singapore and Malaya, 1945; created KBE, 1945; Commander-in-Chief, Allied Land Forces, South East Asia, 1945-1946; Gen, 1946; Commander-in-Chief, Middle East, 1946-1947; Aide de Camp General to the King, 1946-1947; retired 1947; Chairman, Racecourse Betting Control Board, 1947-1951; Col, The Royal Berkshire Regt, 1947-1956; Col Commandant, Corps of Royal Military Police, 1947-1957; Deputy Lieutenant, Berkshire, 1950; Commander-in-Chief (designate), UK Land Forces, 1951-1956; Col Commandant, 1 Special Air Service Regt (SAS), 1951-1960; Chairman, H and G Simonds, 1953-1963; Chairman, Greene, King and Sons Limited, 1955-1969; appointed GBE, 1956; Deputy Chairman, Courage, Barclay and Simonds Limited, 1961-1966; died 1969.
Born in 1913; 2nd Lt, Indian Army, 1937; Lt, 1938; served with 4 Gurkha Rifles, India, 1938-1946; Instructor, Infantry School, India, 1943-1946; Capt, 1944; died in 1947.
Born in 1866; educated at Eton and New College, Oxford; worked for London and South Western Railway Company; MP (Conservative) for New Forest Division, Hampshire, 1892-1905; commissioned in 4 Volunteer Bn, Hampshire Regt, 1896; commanded 4 Volunteer Bn, Hampshire Regt, 1904-1912; commanded 2 Bn, 7 Hampshire Regt, Egypt, 1914, and India, 1915; Inspector of Mechanical Transport to Government of India, 1915-1917; Adviser on Mechanical Transport Services in India, 1917-1919; member of Joint War Air Committee (Inter-Departmental Committee on the Air Service), 1916; India Office representative, Civil Aerial Transport Committee chaired by Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, 1917; President, Air Conference, Guildhall, London, 1920; died in 1929.
Born in 1891; worked in Colonial Administrative Service, Nigeria, 1914-1937; recalled for military service in Royal Regiment of Artillery, 1940; Lt Col, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 1941; Senior Political Officer, Ethiopia, 1941-1942; Assistant Adjutant General, General HQ, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 1942-1943; Chief of Staff, Region 5, Allied MilitaryGovernment, Italy, 1943-1944; Col 1944; Regional Commissioner, Allied Commission and Allied Military Government, Italy, and Joint Chairman, Allied Commission Coordinating Planning Committee for Occupation, North West Italy, 1944-1945.
Born in 1911; served with No 166 Sqn, 1938-1940, and with radar intelligence units No 109 Sqn, 1941-1942, No 1474 Flight, 1942-1943, and No 192 Sqn, 1943-1944; Wg Cdr, 1947; retired, 1958; died in 1985.
Born in 1905; educated at Cheltenham College, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and Clare College, Cambridge; 2nd Lt, 1925; Lt, 1927; Capt, 1936; served in India, 1936-1937; Staff Capt, China, 1937-1939; Staff Capt, Hong Kong, 1939; served in France, 1939-1940, Iceland, 1940-1941, and France and Belgium, 1944; Col, HQ 21 Army Group, Palestine, 1946-1947; served inEast Africa, 1947-1949; Lt Col, 1949; Commander, Royal Engineers, Sussex and Surrey, 1950-1951; honorary Col and retired, 1951; died in 1981.
Born in 1874; educated at Eton and Sandhurst; commissioned into the Grenadier Guards, 1894; promoted to Capt, 1900; service in the Boer War, 1900-1902; promoted to Battalion Maj, 1902; Staff College, 1905-1906; Brigade Maj, 1 Guards Brigade, Aldershot, 1908-1911; Brevet Lt Col, 1913; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, War Office, 1913-1914; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, 2Corps, 1914-1915; served in 2 Army, 1915; General Staff Officer, Grade 1, 7 Division, 1915-1916; Battalion Col, 1916; Brig Gen, General Staff of 14 Corps, 1916-1918; Maj Gen, General Staff, British Forces in Italy and 10 Italian Army, 1918-1919; commanding field troops in Egypt, 1921-1922; Director of Military Training, 1922-1925; commanded Deccan District, 1926-1928; Lt Gen, 1928; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Northern Command, 1931-1933; Gen, 1933; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Aldershot Command, 1933-1937; ADC General to the King, 1934-1937; died in 1949.
Born [1920]; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; joined RAF, 1940; Pilot Officer, Cairo, Egypt, 1941; served in India, Dec 1941; service in Java, Dutch East Indies, 1942, and evacuated to India following Japanese invasion, Feb 1942; served in Burma, 1942; service with Allied Technical Air Intelligence Unit, South East Asia, 1944-1945; demobilised as Wg Cdr, 1947; died 1998.
Born in Germany in 1893; commissioned into army as infantry officer, 1912; served in air force, 1914-1918,then worked as an air adviser in Denmark and as a director of Svenska Lufttrafik; joined Nazi party and given command of SA, 1922;exiled for his part in Munich Putsch, 1923; elected to Reischstag, 1928; President of Reichstag, 1932; joined Hitler's Government, 1933and appointed to offices of Prussian Minister President, Reich Minister of Aviation, Commander-in-Chief of Luftwaffe, President ofReichstag and and Prussian State Council, head of German forestry administration and (until 1934) Prussian Minister of the Interior;founded Gestapo and set up first concentration camps for political, racial and religious suspects; Gen, 1933; put in charge of economicpreparations for war as head of four year plan, 1936; Col Gen, 1936; FM, 1938; named as Hitler's successor designate and head of WarCabinet, 1939; given unique title of Reichsmarschall, 1940; captured by US troops, 1945; tried and sentenced to death by InternationalMilitary Tribunal at Nuremburg, but took poison on the eve of his execution and died on 15 Oct 1946.
Born in 1916; joined Supplementary Reserve, Royal Tank Corps, 1936; 2nd Lt, Royal Leicestershire Regt, 1938; served with 2 Bn, Royal Leicestershire Regt in Palestine, 1938-1939, Western Desert, 1940-1942, and Burma, 1944; Lt, 1941; served with 2 Bn Royal Leicestershire Regt in Korea, 1951-1952, and Cyprus, 1956-1958; Capt, 1946; Maj, 1951; died in 1994.
Surgeon Lt, RN, 1937; Dental Officer, HMS MALAYA, Indian Ocean, 1939, Atlantic, 1940,and Mediterranean, 1940-1941; died in 1983.
Born in 1894; educated at Blundells School and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the Indian Army as 2nd Lt, 1914; service in France with 2 Royal Munster Fusiliers, 1915; service in Iraq, Palestine, Syria and Egypt with 1 Gurkha Rifles, 1916-1920; instructor, Royal Military College, Sandhurst, 1925-1927; student at Staff College, Quetta, India, 1928- 1929; General Staff Officer Grade 2, General HQ, India, 1930-1934; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, Western Command, 1936-1937; Brigadier General Staff, Western Command, 1938; commandant, Queen Alexander's Own Gurkha Rifles, 1939-1940; served on North West Frontier, India, 1939; assistant commandant, Staff College, Quetta and appointed Col, 1940-1941; commander of 17 Indian Infantry Brigade and service in Iraq and Syria, 1941-1942; commander of 20 Indian Division, 1942-1946; commander of Allied Land Forces, French Indo-China, 1945-1946; officiating General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Northern Command, India, 1946; commander of 1 Indian Corps, 1946-1947; Chief of Staff, Pakistan Army, 1947-1948; Commander-in-Chief, Pakistan Army, 1948-1951; retired in 1960; Chairman of Royal Hospital and Home for Incurables, Putney, London, 1960-1964; died in 1964.
Gen Sir Charles John Cecil Grant; born 1877, son of Robert Grant; entered Coldstream Guards, 1897; Lt, 1898; served Second Boer War, South Africa, 1899-1902; Adjutant, 1902-1905; Capt, 1903; Bde Maj, Brigade of Guards, 1909-1912; General Staff Officer, Grade 3, War Office, 1912-1913; Maj, 1913; served World War One, 1914-1918; Bde Maj, 3 Infantry Bde, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), 1914; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, General Headquarters, 1914-1915; General Staff Officer, Grade 1, and temporary Lt Col, 12 Div, 1915-1917; Brevet Lt Col, 1916; General Staff Officer, 3 Army, 1917; temporary Brig Gen commanding 1 Infantry Bde, 1917-1918; Brig Gen, General Staff, attending General Headquarters French army, as a liaison officer between Gen Sir Henry HughesWilson, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, and French Marshal Ferdinand Foch, 1918-1919; Brevet Col, 1919; Lt Col commanding 3 Bn, Coldstream Guards, 1919-1921; temporary Col, General Staff, Egypt, 1921-1925; Col, 1922; commanding 137 (Staffordshire) Bde, Territorial Army, Northern Command, 1925-1927; commanding 8 Infantry Bde, Southern Command, 1927-1930; Maj Gen, 1930; General Officer Commanding 53 (Welsh) Div, Territorial Army, Western Command, 1930-1932; General Officer Commanding, London District, 1932-1934; Lt Gen, 1934; Gen, 1937; General Officer Commanding in Chief, Scottish Command, and Governor of Edinburgh Castle, 1937-1940; retired,1940; Col, The King's (Shropshire Light Infantry), 1930-1946; died 1950.Lt Gen Sir Robert Grant, GCB; born 1837; father of Charles John Cecil Grant; educated Harrow and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; 2nd Lt Royal Engineers, 1854; Lt, 1854; transferred to Jamaica Command, West Indies, 1857-1858; Fort Adjutant at Belise, British Honduras, 1858-1859; Aide de Camp to Lt Gen Sir William Fenwick Williams, Commanding Officer of British Forces, British NorthAmerica, 1859-1865; 2nd Capt, 1860; passed Staff College, 1861; Capt, 1867; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, Royal Engineers, Army Headquarters, 1871-1876; Maj, 1872; Commander, Royal Engineers, Aldershot Command, 1877-1880; Lt Col, 1878; Commander Royal Engineers, Plymouth Sub-district, Devon, 1880-1881; Commander, Royal Engineers, Woolwich District, 1881-1883; Col, 1882; Commander, Royal Engineers, Northern British District, 1884-1885; Commander, Royal Engineers, First Sudan Expedition, 1885; Deputy Adjutant General, Royal Engineers, Army Headquarters, 1886-1891; temporary Maj Gen, 1889; temporary Lt Gen and Maj Gen, 1891;Inspector General of Fortifications, 1891-1898; Lt Gen, 1897; Commissioner of Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 1903; died 1904.
Born in 1908; educated at Merchant Taylors' School and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London; Lt, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1931; served in Palestine, 1936-1939; served in World War Two; Medical Liaison Officer to Surgeon General, United States Army, Washington DC, 1946-1948; Professor of Medicine, University of Baghdad, 1951-1959; Physician to King Faisal II of Iraq, 1951-1958; Honorary Consulting Physician, Iraqi Army, 1953-1958; Director of Medicine and Consulting Physician to the Army, 1960-1965; retired, 1965; died in 1994.
Joined the Royal Corps of Signals in 1939; served as wireless operator to successive brigadiers in theTobruk Tank Brigade, 3 Armoured Brigade, 2 Armoured Division; left the Army in 1946.
Born in 1924; educated at Winchester College and St Thomas' Hospital; joined RN, 1949; 45 Commando Royal Marines, Malaya, 1950; Anaesthetic Specialist, RN Hospital, Plymouth, 1952; HMS SUPERB, 1954; RN Hospital, Haslar, 1956; RN Hospital, Chatham, 1958; Senior Anaesthetist, RN Hospital, Malta, 1959; Principal Medical Officer, Royal Yacht Britannia, 1962; Consultant Anaesthetist, RN Hospital Haslar, 1964, Malta, 1968, and Haslar, 1970; Medical Officer in charge, RN Hospital, Malta, 1975, and Plymouth, 1978; Queen's Honorary Physician, 1978-1982; Surgeon R Adm (Naval Hospitals), Haslar, 1980-1982; died in 1992.
Born in 1904; educated at Brighton College and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1922-1924; 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1924; Lt, 1926; attended Railway Training Centre, Longmoor, 1926-1930; seconded as Assistant Engineer, Tanganyika Railways, 1930-1932; 1932-1934; Quartermaster General, Transportation Branch, War Office, 1934-1938; Capt, 1935; Staff Capt, Transportation, Palestine and Transjordan, 1938-1940; Deputy Assistant Director of Transportation, Palestine and Transjordan, 1940; Assistant Director-General of Transportation, Palestine, 1940; Maj, 1941; Assistant Director of Movements and Transport (Plans), General HQ, Middle East Force, 1941-1943; Assistant Director of Transportation (Coordination, Plans and Administration), 1943-1944; Deputy Director of Transportation, Administrative Planning Mission to Australia, 1944; Deputy Director of Transportation, Allied Commission for Austria (British Element), 1944-1945; Brig, 1945; Director of Transportation, Burma, 1945; Assistant Director of Transportation, 501 Interservice Mission, East Africa, 1946; Director of Transportation, War Office, 1950-1957; retired 1957; died in 1981.
Born in 1900; 2nd Lt, 10 Hussars; Lt, 1922; Adjutant, 1927-1929; Capt, 1929; Maj, 1937; Lt Col, 1940; served in North Africa, [1940-1943]; died in 1994.
Born in 1887; educated at Eastbourne College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned in Indian Army, 1907, and attached to 89 Royal Irish Fusiliers; appointed to 124 Baluchistan Infantry, 1908, and served in Baluchistan and China; served in Persia with Sir Percy Sykes' Mission and as Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General to the Forces, Jul 1916;recruiting duty in Kalat State, 1918; Commandant, Sarhad Levy Corps, East Persia, 1919; transferred to Indian Political Department, 1920; Assistant Political Agent, Makran, and Commandant, Makran Levy Corps, 1920-1921; Assistant Commissioner, Dera Ismail Khan and Sub-Divisional Officer, Tank, North West Frontier Province, 1922; HM Vice-Consul, Dizful, Arabistan, Persia, 1923; HM Consul and Political Agent, Muscat, Oman, Arabia, 1923-1924; Assistant Resident in Kashmir and British Joint Commissioner, Ladakh, 1925-1926; Secretary to the Agent to the Governor-General in Central India, 1929-1930; Boundary Settlement Officer in Central India, 1930-1931; Political Agent in Bundelkhand, 1931, Bhopal, 1931-1932, Loralai, 1933-1936, and Raipur, 1936-1938; died in 1982.
Served with 3 Battalion, Monmouthshire Regiment, on Western Front during World War One. Killed in action on 22 Mar 1918.
Born in 1871; entered Mercantile Marine, 1887, and served in sailing vessels until 1895; obtained Extra Master's Certificate, 1895, and joined Pacific Steam Navigation Company; obtained commission in the Royal Naval Reserve, 1896, and served in South Africa, 1900-1902; served with RN, 1902-1903; transferred to Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, 1906, and commanded several of their vessels, 1910-1914, and 1919-1921; served in RN Harwich force, North Sea 1914-1917, and as Flag Lt to Cdr in Chief, Nore Command, 1918-1919; commanded hospital ship in Black Sea, 1919; served in Atlantic convoys, 1939-1940, Norway, 1940, and the evacuation of Dunkirk, 1940; Staff Officer, HQ Western Approaches, 1940-1941; served in Mediterranean, 1941-1942, and Madagascar,1942, and took part in Malta convoys, 1942, and the landings in North Africa, 1942, Sicily, 1943, and Italy, 1943; Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf, 1944; [Senior Naval Officer], Delhi, 1946; died in 1948.
Born in 1887; educated at Charterhouse and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned, 1905; joined 21 Cavalry (Frontier Force), 1907; served on North West Frontier of India, 1908; Captain, 1914; served in Somaliland, 1914-1920; Staff College, Quetta, 1922; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, Army Headquarters, India, 1923; RAF Staff College, Andover, 1924; Army Headquarters, India, 1925; Assistant Secretary, Committee of Imperial Defence, 1926-1930; Lt Col, 1931; Military Secretary to Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Earl of Willingdon, Viceroy of India, 1931-1933; Colonel, 1932; General Staff Officer Grade 1, War Office, 1933-1936; Deputy Secretary, Committee of Imperial Defence, 1936-1938; Secretary, Committee of Imperial Defence, 1938; Maj Gen, 1939;Chief of Staff to Minister of Defence (Rt Hon Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill), 1940-1945; Deputy Secretary (Military) to War Cabinet, 1940-1945; Lt Gen, 1942; Gen, 1944; Additional Secretary (Military) to the Cabinet, 1945; Chief of Staff of Viceroy of India (R Adm Louis (Francis Albert Victor Nicholas) Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma), 1947; Chairman of Council, 1951 Festival of Britain, 1948-1951; Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, 1951-1952; Secretary General, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 1952-1957; Vice-Chairman of North Atlantic Council, 1952-1956, Chairman of North Atlantic Council, 1956-1957; publication of The memoirs of General the Lord Ismay (Heinemann, London, 1960); died in 1965.
Born in 1910; 2nd Lt, Royal West Kent Regt, 1935; appointed to Indian Army Ordnance Corps, 1937;Commanding Officer Ordnance, Ammunition Dumps, Singapore, 1942; died in 1985.
Born in 1912; educated at Winchester College and Balliol College, Oxford; entered Diplomatic Service, 1936; 3rd Secretary, Tokyo, 1939; interned in Japan, 1940-1942; 2nd Secretary, Cairo, 1942-1945; 1st Secretary, Cairo, 1945-1948, and Madrid, 1948-1951; Counsellor, Japan and Pacific Department and China and Korea Department, Foreign Office, 1951-1953; Political Adviser to British High Commissioner, Bonn, 1953; Ambassador to Jordan, 1956-1959; Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Aden, 1960-1963; High Commissioner for Aden and Protectorate of South Arabia, 1963; Deputy Under Secretary of State, Foreign Office, 1963-1965; High Commissioner, Australia, 1965-1971; retired in 1971; died in 1986.
Publications: Under the pseudonym Charles Hepburn: For Leagros and other poems (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1940); Towards Mozambique and other poems (Cresset Press, London, 1947). Under his own name: The view from Steamer Point (Collins, London, 1964); Mo and other originals (Hamilton, London, 1971); The brink of Jordan (Hamilton, London, 1972), Estuary in Scotland (privatelypublished, 1974); translation of Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin's Eugene Onegin (privately published, 1977); Poems and journeys (Bodley Head, London, 1979); Rivers and fireworks (Bodley Head, London, 1980); Talk about the last poet (Bodley Head, London, 1981); Choiseul and Talleyrand (Bodley Head, London, 1982); The Irish lights (Bodley Head, London, 1983); Narrative poems by Pushkin and Lermontov (translations) (Bodley Head, London, 1984); Selected poems (London, Bodley Head, 1985).
Born 1862; educated Uppington and Royal Academy, Gosport, Hampshire; Mid on HMS SULTAN during the Egyptian War, 1882; Lt on cruiser HMS PHOEBE, 1895-1898; took part in the capture of M'Weli (Mwele), East Africa, 1895; served with the Benin Expedition, East Africa, 1897; Cdr, 1898; Cdr on HMS VIVID, with command of VALIENT, a depot ship for torpedoboatdestroyers, and the Fleet Reserve at Devonport, 1898-1904; Capt, 1904; commanded cruiser HMS MEDUSA, 1905-1906; commanded light cruiser HMS THETIS, 1905; commanded battlecruiser HMS INDOMITABLE, 1912-1916; participated in the shadowing, chase and escape of the German battlecruiser GOEBEN and its companion ship BRESLAU by the British Mediterranean Fleet, Aug 1914; the bombardment of the Dardanelles, Nov 1914; the Battle of Dogger Bank, Jan 1915, including the sinking of the German battlecruiser BLUCHER and towed home V Adm Sir David Beatty's disabled Flagship HMS LION; the Battle of Jutland, May 1916, where Kennedyassumed command of 3 Battlecruiser Sqn following the death of R Adm the Hon Sir Horace Hood; R Adm, 1916; in charge of Peterhead area off east coast of Scotland, 1917-1919; promoted V Adm and retired, 1920; Adm, 1925; died 1939.
Born in 1890; 2nd Lt, Royal Engineers, 1910; Lt, 1912; served in France and Belgium, 1914-1917, and Italy, 1917-1918; Capt, 1916; Assistant Instructor in Construction, School of Military Engineering, 1920-1924; Adjutant, 1925-1926; Maj, 1926; Lt Col, 1934; served in Palestine, [1936-1939]; Deputy Chief Engineer, Northern Command, 1939-1940; Col 1937; retired, 1944; died in1982.
Born 1895; educated at Charterhouse; commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers, 1914; served in World War One, in France and Macedonia, 1914-1918; Lt, 1915; Capt, 1917; Assistant Instructor, Survey School of Military Engineering, 1920-1923; service in Singapore, 1923-1926; awarded OBE, 1927; Specially Employed, War Office, 1927-1928; Maj, 1929; graduated fromStaff College, Camberley, 1930; General Staff Officer 3, War Office, 1931-1932; General Staff Officer 2, War Office, 1933-1935; Brevet Lt Col, 1934; Imperial Defence College, 1936; Col, 1936; Assistant Master General of the Ordnance, 1937-1940; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; temporary Brig, 1939-1941; awarded CIE, 1940; Deputy Master General of the Ordnance, General Headquarters, India,1940-1941; Maj Gen, 1941; Director of Staff Duties, India, 1941-1942; Deputy Chief of the General Staff, India, 1942-1943; awarded CB, 1943; Director of Civil Affairs, War Office, 1943-1944; Deputy Chief of Staff, Control Commission for Germany, 1945; official historian of the war against Japan; retired, 1947; awarded CMG, 1947; died 1968.
Born in 1897; 2nd Lt, North Staffordshire Regt, 1916; Lt, Indian Army, 1918; Capt, 1919; General Staff Officer Grade 3, India, 1924-1927; General Staff Officer Grade 2, India, 1927-1928; Maj, 1933; Lt Col, 1939; died in 1995.
Born in 1881; Lt, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1906; Capt, 1910; served in France and Belgium, 1914-1915, and Russia, 1919; Maj, 1918.
Born in 1895; educated at St Columba College and Trinity College, Dublin; temporary 2nd Lt 1914-1915; 2nd Lt, Leinster Regt; 1915; temporary Lt 1915-1916; served in World War One, in the Gallipoli campaign, 1915; served in Greek Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, European Turkey and the islands of the Aegean Sea, 1916-1917; Lt 1916; temporary Capt, Service Bn, 1917-1918; servedwith Egyptian Expeditionary Force, 1917-1918; served on Western Front in France and Belgium, 1918; acting Capt 1918-1919; Royal Tank Corps, 1922-1923; Lt, serving with East Lancashire Regt, 1922; Lt, Royal Tank Corps, 1923; Capt 1923; attendance at Staff College, Camberley, and Imperial Defence College, [1924-1927]; Bde Maj, Royal Tank Corps Centre, 1928-1932; Brevet Maj, Royal Tank Corps, 1932; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, Western Command, UK, 1934-1935; General Staff Officer Grade 2, War Office, 1935-1939; substantive Maj 1936; Brevet Lt Col 1937; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; served with General Staff, 1939-1942; acting Lt Col 1939; temporaryLt Col, 1939-1940; acting Col 1940; Col 1940; acting Brig 1940-1941; temporary Brig 1941; acting Maj Gen 1941; served with Allied Force Headquarters, 1942-1944; Maj Gen 1942; Deputy Quarter Master General, War Office, 1945; Deputy Director General for Finance and Administration, European Regional Office, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, 1945; Personal Representative of Director General of United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in Europe, 1947-1948; aide de camp to HM King George VI, 1948; Director General, Foreign Office Administration of African Territories, 1949-1952; died 1965.
Born 1922; educated at St Andrew's School, Pangbourne, Berkshire, Eton College, Berkshire, and King's College, Cambridge; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Adjutant, Local Defence Volunteers (later renamed the Home Guard), Dartington, Devon, 1940; trained at HMS COLLINGWOOD, Fareham, Hampshire, 1941; commissioned into the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1941; service on Flower Class Corvette HMS CARNATION, Battle of the Atlantic, 1941; HMS KING ALFRED, 1942; Sub Lt, HMS JAMAICA, 1942; service on HM Landing Ship Tank 320, Mediterranean, 1943; served with Combined Operations Command, British North African Forces, 1943; Signal Division, Admiralty, London, 1943-1944; HMS COLDSTREAMER, 1944; served on HMS GUARDSMAN, 1944; Flag Lt to Adm Commanding Iceland, 1945; Liberal Party candidate for Blackpool (South Division), Lancashire, General Election, 1945; Assistant Editor, Preparatory Commission of the United Nations, 1945-1946; Political Affairs Officer, United Nations Organisation, New York, USA, 1946-1947; appointed Control Officer Grade 2, Public Revenue and General Finance Branch, Finance Division, Control Service for Germany (British Element), British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), Berlin, Germany, 1947; served with the Personnel Branch, Administrative Staff, Headquarters, Control Commission for Germany (British Element), British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), Berlin, Germany, 1947-1948; worked for the Outward Bound Sea School, 1949; employed as a journalist by Westminster Press Provincial Newspapers Limited, The Yorkshire Observer, Bradford, Yorkshire, and as Lobby Correspondent, House of Commons, London, 1949-1950; Liberal Party candidate for Sowerby, Yorkshire, General Election, 1950; served in the French Foreign Legion as Légionnaire Peter Brand, [1950]-1951; service in 1 Regt Etranger de Cavalerie (1 REC), 1 Groupe d'Escadrons, Groupement Amphibie, Cochin, Indo China, 1951; employed by Outward Bound Trust, Aberdovey, Gwynedd, 1952; employed in the oil industry, Canada, 1953-1954; Editor B, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Toronto, Canada, 1955; Associate Editor, Saturday Night, Toronto, Canada, 1955-1956; employed with the Federation of British Industries, 1959-1960; appointed Assistant Director, Society of British Aircraft Constructors, 1960-1962; Analyst, Gordon Rayment and Company Limited, London, 1962-1963; appointed Assistant General Secretary, UN Association International Service, Nov 1963; Executive, Informat public relations company, London, 1965-1966; member of staff, St John's House, hostel for the rehabilitation of homeless young offenders, London, 1968; Warden, Elswick Lodge Rehabilitation Centre, North East Bridgehead Association, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, Feb-Jul 1971; died 1991.
Born 1893; educated at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; service with Dublin University OfficerTraining Corps, 1912-1913; commissioned into Regular Army, 1913; served in World War One, 1914-1918; temporary Lt, 8 Bn, Gordon Highlanders, 1914-1915; Lt, 1915; service with 1 Bn and 2 Bn, 19 Punjabi Regt, Indian Army, 1915-1920; Mahsud Rising, North West Frontier, India, May-Jul 1917; Capt, 1917; acting Maj, 1917-1918; Marris Rising, North West Frontier, India, Mar 1918; service in Palestine, Egyptian Expeditionary Force, 1918; served in Third Afghan War, North West Frontier,India, 1919; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, 1919-1920; acting Lt Col, 1919-1920; transferred to Connaught Rangers, Jul 1920; service in Ireland during Anglo-Irish War, 1920-1922; transferred to Leicestershire Regt on disbandment of the Connaught Rangers, 1922; service in India, 1922-1923; served with 2 Bn, Leicestershire Regt in the Sudan during mutiny of Egyptian troops, 1924; Staff Capt, Aldershot Command, 1928-1932; 1 Bn, Leicestershire Regt, Ambala, Multan, Jubbulporeand Razmak, India, 1932-1941; Maj, 1935; service in Waziristan, North West Frontier, India, 1939; Lt Col, 1939; Commanding Officer, 1 Bn, Leicestershire Regt, 1939-[1942]; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; served in Pahang, Malaya, 1941; service with Headquarters, 4 Line of Communication Sub Area, British Liberation Army, North West Europe, 1944-1945; attended TERMINAL, the Potsdam Conference, Germany, Jul-Aug 1945; Control Commission for Germany (British Element),Berlin and Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, 1945-1948; retired from Army, 1947; died 1986.
Born 1884; educated Birkenhead School, Cheshire, Victoria College, Jersey, and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; 2nd Lt, Royal Artillery, 1903; Lt, 1906; Aide de Camp to Maj Gen Sir Harry Barron whilst Governor of Tasmania, 1910-1913, and Governor of Western Australia, 1913-1914; served World War One, 1914-1918; Capt 1914; Aide de Camp to Brig Gen, Royal Artillery, 7 Div, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), France, 1914-1915; Staff Capt, Royal Artillery, 7 Div, France, 1915-1916; Bde Maj, Royal Artillery, 62 Div, Home Services and France, 1916-1918; Maj, 1918; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, Royal Artillery, 8 Corps, France, 1918-1919; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, Royal Artillery, Western Command, 1919; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, War Office,1920; temporary Instructor and Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, School of Military Administration, 1920-1922; Instructor, Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, School of Military Administration, 1922-1924; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, and temporary Lt Col, 1925-1929; Brevet Lt Col, 1927; General Staff Officer, Grade 1, War Office, 1930-1933; Brevet Col and Col, 1931; Commandant Senior Officers' School, Sheerness, Kent, 1933-1935; Deputy Military Secretary and Assistant Secretary of Selection Board, War Office, and temporary Brig, 1935-1936; Commander Royal Artillery, Eastern Command,and temporary Brig, 1936-1938; Maj Gen in command of Administration, Southern Command, 1938-1939; Quartermaster General, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), 1939-1940; temporary Lt Gen in command of Administration, Home Forces, 1940-1941; Lt Gen, 1941; Senior Military Advisor to the Ministry of Supply, 1941; Lt Gen in charge of Administration in the Middle East, 1942-1943; PrincipalAdministrative Officer to the Indian Command, 1943-1945; retired 1945; supervisor of the release of war factories and disposal of government surplus stores, 1945; Col Commandant, Royal Artillery, 1940-1950; Governor and Commandant, Church Lads' Brigade, 1948-1954; Church Commissioner for England, 1948-1959; died 1973.
Born 1880; educated at Radley College and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into Royal Artillery, 1900; seconded for service with the Punjab Frontier Force, India, 1902-1911; Capt, 1911; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; posted to General Staff, 1914; Maj, 1915; awarded DSO, 1916; GeneralStaff Officer 1, British Mission, Belgian General Headquarters, Western Front, 1917; General Staff Officer 1, General Headquarters, France, 1917-1918; Brevet Lt Col, 1918; General Staff Officer 1 in charge of British Mission to 1 French Army, 1918; General Staff Officer 1, Supreme War Council, Versailles, 1918-1919; British Representative, Allied Mission, Enemy Delegations, Paris, 1919; service in South Russia as General Staff Officer 1, British Mission to White Russian Gen Anton Ivanovich Denikin, 1919-1920; accompanied French operations in the Rif Mountains, Morocco, 1926; Lt Col, 1927; retired 1931; member of HM's Body Guard of the Honourable Corps ofGentlemen-at-Arms, 1932-1950; died 1971.
Born 1917; educated at Ryde School, Isle of Wight; joined the RAF as Acting Pilot Officer, 1935; No 2 Flying Training School, 23 Group, Digby, Lincolnshire, 1935-1936; served with 54 (Fighter) Sqn, 11 (Fighter) Group, Hornchurch, Essex, 1936-[1940]; Flying Officer, 1937; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Sqn Ldr [1940]; Commanding Officer, 222 (Natal) Sqn, Coltishall,Norfolk, 1941; awarded DFC, 1941; acting Wg Cdr (Flying), North Weald, Essex, 1941; served in Middle East, 1942-1945; commanded RAF units on Greek island of Kos, 1943; commanded defence of Antimachia airfield during German invasion of Kos, Oct 1943; awardedDSO, 1943; acting Gp Capt, 1944; commanded 251 Wing, Naples, Italy, 1944-1945; Wg Cdr, 1947; served at Central Fighter Establishment, West Raynham, Norfolk, and US Air Force Proving Ground, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, USA; Gp Capt, 1954; commanded RAF Manby, Lincolnshire, [1954]-1960; retired 1960; employed with an engineering firm, 1960-1967; Assistant Secretary ofthe Baltic Exchange, London, 1967-1977; died 1997.
Born in 1896; educated at Campbell College, Belfast and Queen's University of Belfast; served in World War One with Machine Gun Corps in France, Belgium and Germany; called to Irish Bar, 1921; Lecturer in Jurisprudence, Queen's University of Belfast, 1931-1935; appointed to determine industrial assurance disputes in Northern Ireland, 1929-1938; King's Counsel (Northern Ireland), 1936; MP (Unionist), Queen's University of Belfast, Parliament of Northern Ireland, 1938-1944; Governor, Campbell College, 1934-1959; Chairman, Joint Select Committee on Road and Rail Transport in Northern Ireland, 1939; Minister of Public Security for Northern Ireland, 1940-1941; Attorney-General, 1941-1944; Judge, High Court of Justice, Northern Ireland, 1944-1947; a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, 1947-1951; Chairman, National Arbitration Tribunal, Northern Ireland, 1944-1946; Pro-Chancellor, Queen's University of Belfast, 1951-1969; Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, 1951-1971; died in 1979.
Born in 1921; entered RN, 1939; took part in Fleet and Convoy operations, Atlantic, Norway, Mediterranean, Eastern Fleet, East Coast and Normandy, 1939-1945; commanded HMS LEEDS CASTLE, 1953; Senior Officer, 104 Mine-Sweeping Sqn and HMS WALKERTON, 1957; Commander, Sea Training, 1959; commanded HMS FALMOUTH, 1961; Commander, Naval Forces and Joint Force Commander, Borneo, 1965; Captain (D), Londonderry Sqn, 1968, and First Frigate Sqn, Far East, 1969; Captain of the Fleet, 1970; commanded HMS Bristol, 1972; Chief of Staff to Commander-in-Chief, Naval Home Command, 1973-1976; ADC to the Queen, 1975;Chief of Staff to Commander, Allied Naval Force Southern Europe, 1976-1979; retired, 1979. Died 2001.
Born in 1898; attended Royal Military College, Sandhurst; Lt, Scots Guards, 1916; retired from Army, 1926; Chairman, James Buchanan and Co Ltd and W. P. Lowrie and Co Ltd, 1939-1970; Director, Buchanan-Dewar Ltd, 1939-1969, and Distillers Co Ltd, 1930-1969; rejoined Scots Guards, 1939; ADC to FM Sir John Greer Dill, 1940-1943; served with BEF, France, 1940; served in WarOffice, 1940-1941, with British Joint Staff Mission, Washington, 1941-1943, and in France and Belgium, 1944-1945; died in 1981.