George Bernard Shaw was an enthusiastic amateur photographer. For a full biography, see the description for the Shaw business papers (Ref: Shaw).
Robert Sheldon has been the Labour MP for Ashton under Lyne since 1964. He was born in 1923 and joined the Labour Party in 1944. By the late 1950s, he had become very involved with the Manchester City Labour Group and unsuccessfully contested the seat of Withington in October 1959. He was elected as Member for Ashton under Lyne in 1964 and during the last years of Harold Wilson's Government served on the Fulton Committee on the Civil Service (1966-1968) and the Labour Economic Group (1967-1968). In the Labour Party's years of Opposition, he became the Party's spokesman on Civil Service and Treasury Matters (1970-1974), a field of politics in which he specialised for the duration of his political career. Between 1974 and 1975, Sheldon served as Minister of State for, first, the Civil Service and then the Treasury in the Labour Government. After supporting an unsuccessful Denis Healey in the Labour Party leadership contest of March 1976, he was appointed Financial Secretary to the Treasury, a position he held until the election of 1979. In 1983, Sheldon was elected Chairman of the Committee of Public Accounts, after serving on the Committee on two previous occasions(1965-1970) and 1974-1979). During his time as Chairman, he was involved in all areas of audit investigation, especially concerning privatisation and public funding. In 1986, Sheldon was involved with the Zircon Spy Satellite Scandal, where it was alleged Parliament was not fully informed regarding the spending of public funds on major defence projects. He was re-elected as Chairman after both the 1987 and 1992 elections and as head of the Committee of Public Accounts presided over 300 reports, each one supported unanimously. He stood down as Chairman in 1997 and was soon standing as chairman on the important (post-Nolan) Select Committee on Standards and Privileges.
As well as his career in politics, Robert Sheldon is a part owner of a textile company and has been the Director of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce since 1979. He has also co-authored a book, Administrative Reform; The Next Step, published in 1974.
Emanuel Shinwell, 1884-1986, was born in Spitalfields, London, but began work at the Scottish Wholesale Co-operative Society in 1909. By 1912, he had become chairman of the Glasgow Trades Council, a position that he held again from 1916 to 1919. His involvement with the 40 hours strike committee in 1919 led to his imprisonment for 5 months. Shinwell entered politics in 1922, becoming the Labour MP for Linlithgow, and rising to become Parliamentary Secretary for the Department of Mines in 1924, Financial Secretary for the War Office, 1929-1930, and Parliamentary Secretary for the Department of Mines, 1930-1931. In 1935, he defeated J Ramsey Macdonald in the election for Seaham. Lord Shinwell declined to serve in Churchill's wartime government, preferring to remain an independent backbencher, active in broadcasting and opposing ship production policy. During this time he was chairman of the Central Committee for Reconstruction. He joined the post-war Labour government as Minister of Fuel and Power, and was given the task of nationalising the mines. The difficulties and failures of this task led to his demotion from the cabinet and transfer to Defence as Secretary of State for War, 1947-1950. He returned to the cabinet as Minister of Defence, 1950-1951, and maintained an interest in defence issues for the rest of his career. He was also chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party 1964-1967.
Born 1917; educated at St Paul's and Magdalen College, Oxford University; served World War Two, 1939-45, in the Royal Artillery, 1940-46; on staff, Financial Times, 1947-57; Foreign Editor, Financial Times, 1950-57; Economic Editor, The Observer, 1958-61; Director of Studies, 1961-68, Research Fellow, 1969-71, and Director, 1972-77, Royal Institute of International Affairs; Chairman, Social Science Research Council, 1969-71; Member, Royal Commission on Trade Unions, 1965-68; Member, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Review Committee on Overseas Representation, 1968-69; Reith Lecturer, 1972; Fellow, Imperial College of Science and Technology, 1970; Knight 1978; Professor of Economics, European University Institute, Florence, 1978-1981; died 1981. Publications: International economic relations: the western system in the 1960s and 1970s (Sage Publications, London, 1976); European integration in the second phase: the scope and limitiations of alliance points (University of Essex, 1977); ed Zuzanna Shonfield The use of public power (Oxford University Press, 1982); ed Zuzanna Shonfield In defence of the mixed economy (Oxford University Press, London, 1984); editor of Social indicators and social policy (Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1972); North American and Western European economic policies (Macmillan, London, 1971); The attack on world poverty (Chatto and Windus, London, 1960); British economic policy since the War (Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1958); Europe: journey to an unknown destination (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1973); A man beside himself (Andre Deutsch, London, 1964); Modern capitalism: the changing balance of public and private power (Oxford University Press, London, 1969).
Peter Shore (1924-2001) was born in Great Yarmouth, the son of a commercial sea captain. He attended Quarry Bank Grammar School, Liverpool and King's College, Cambridge, where he studied History; he served in the RAF as a flying officer from 1943-1946. In 1948 he joined the Labour Party and was employed in the Research Department, producing the tract 'Industry and Society' (1957), and becoming its head from 1959-1964. Shore stood for St Ives, Cornwall, in 1950 and Halifax in 1959 before being elected for Stepney in 1964. He retained the seat, which became Bethnal Green and Stepney, until 1997. He was Harold Wilson's private paliamentary secretary from 1965-1966, then beoming joint parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Technology (Tony Benn) from 1966-1967 and at the Department of Economic Affairs in 1967. He joined the Cabinet in 1967 upon his appointment as Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (1967-1969). When the Department for Economic Affairs was dissolved in 1969 Shore remained in the Cabinet as Minister without Portfolio and Deputy Leader of the House (1969-1970). While the Labour Party was in opposition Shore became opposition spokesman on Europe (1971-1974) and with the Labour Party's return to power he was Secretary of State for Trade (1974 - 1976) and Secretary of State for the Environment (1976-1979). During the Labour Party's period in opposition from 1979-1987 Shore services as opposition spokesman on foreign affairs, Treasury and Economic Affairs and Trade and Industry as well as being Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. He was a member of the Select Committee on Foreign Affairs (1987-1997) and the Committee on Standards in Public Life (1994-2001). He was created Baron Shore of Stepney in 1997.
The Society of Labour Lawyers was founded in 1949 by Gerald Gardiner and others. It is affiliated to the Labour Party and its membership comprises solicitors, barristers, lay magistrates, law teachers and students of law who are also members of the Labour Party. The society has been very active in the cause of law reform since its foundation, producing several influential publications on the subject including Law Reform Now (1963), Law reform for all (1996) and Furthering justice (2005).
The Committee of Inquiry into Statutory Smallholdings was established by the Ministry of Agriculture in July 1963. Its members were: Professor Michael Wise (chairman), Professor of Geography at the London School of Economics, Alfred W H Allen, General Secretary of the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers, D Ll Carey Evans, farmer and member of the National Farmers' Union County Executive, Major D J Cowen, land agent, W A Shail, Treasurer of the Metropolitan Borough of Paddington and Hugh T Williams, Vice-Principal and Bursar of the Seale-Hayne Agriculture College, Devon. H W Durrant was appointed as Secretary, D J Palmer as Assistant Secretary and D A Hole as Assessor. The Committee's terms of reference were to report on the working of existing legislation relating to smallholdings provided by County Councils and other smallholdings authorities and to investigate the economic position of smallholdings estates. It was also asked to advise on the future provision that should be made for smallholdings, on the form of future financial support and on the division of administrative responsibility between central and local government or other smallholdings authorities. The Committee's enquiry included an investigation of the origins of smallholdings policies and the results of smallholdings legislation; a study of the financial position of the smallholdings authorities based mainly on questionnaires; a study of the management costs of smallholdings estates; a survey of the social and economic position of smallholders; a study of the geographical distribution of the smallholdings estates; visits to the smallholdings estates of 14 local authorities; a critical review of written and oral evidence submitted.
The Committee's First Report (First Report: Statutory smallholdings provided by local authorities in England and Wales, HMSO, Cmnd 2936, 1966) dealt with statutory smallholdings managed by the County Councils. Their Second Report (Final Report Statutory Smallholdings provided by the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, HMSO, Cmnd 3303, 1967) was concerned with the cooperative smallholdings of the Land Settlement Association.
Possibly Charles William Smith of Liverpool, who published a series of books and articles on international trade, including Commercial gambling: the principal causes of depression in agriculture and trade (Sampson Low and Co, London, 1893), Original theories upon and remedies for depression in trade, land, agriculture and silver (Sampson Low and Co, London, 1893); International, commercial and financial gambling in Options and Futures' (PS King and Son, 1906), and The South African war and theBear' operator: a financial revolution (PS King and Son, London, 1912).
The Labour Representation League was founded in 1869, at the instigation of John Stuart Mill, as an offshoot of the Trades Union Congress, with the aim of securing the return of working men to parliament. In the election of 1874, the League fielded 12 candidates, two of whom were elected. The League eventually merged with the Liberal Party.
Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford and Lord Treasurer, initiated a scheme for the funding of national debt through the South Sea Company, founded in 1711 to trade with Spanish America, on the assumption that the War of the Spanish Succession would end with a treaty permitting such trade. The Treaty of Utrecht, 1713, was less favourable than had been hoped, but confidence in the Company remained artificially high, eventually leading to the collapse of the stock market in 1720 (the South Sea Bubble) and the ruin of many investors. The Company, however, survived until 1853.
Born 1820; educated at Hinton Charterhouse near Bath, 1833-1836; assistant schoolmaster at Derby, 1837; worked as a draftsman and engineer during the building of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway, 1837-1841; sub-editor of the Pilot, the organ of the Complete Suffrage Movement, 1844; occupied himself anew with engineering, 1844-1846, and experimented with mechanical inventions, 1846-1847; sub-editor of The Economist in London, 1848-1853; visited house of John Chapman, the advanced publisher, 1849, and became part of a literary circle which included George Eliot, Huxley and Tyndall; published Social Statics (1851), advocating an extreme individualism; contributed articles to the Leader, Westminster Review, and other periodicals, collecting many of these in Essays (1857, 1863, and 1864); published Principles of Psychology (1855), but during the writing of this book his health gave way, and was never fully restored; in 1858 he planned a system of synthetic philosophy, covering metaphysics, biology, psychology, sociology, and ethics, which broke down about 1865, though he published Principles (1862) and Principles of Biology (1864 and 1867); wrote Education (1861), a treatise aiming at a natural development of the child's intelligence, which became a leading textbook; in order to deal with the principles of sociology he employed assistants to collect systematically large masses of facts, of which eight volumes under general title of Descriptive Sociology were issued by 1881, while additional volumes appeared after Spencer's death; he wrote extensively on philosophical and social issues, including Principles of Sociology (1876, 1882, and 1896), Principles of Ethics (1892 and 1893); formed with Frederic Harrison and John Morley and others an Anti-Aggression League, 1882; died 1903.
Born in Cornwall in 1800; migrated to London, 1821, where he worked as a cabinet maker; Member, later President, Cabinet Makers Society; Storekeeper to the first London Cooperative Trading Society; Secretary, British Association for Promoting Co-operative Knowledge, 1830; Member, Grand National Consolidated Trades Union; arrested and tried for rioting, 1832; helped found the London Working Man's Association, 1836, and played a large part in their drafting of the People's Charter in 1838; arrested for his manifesto against the police, tried, and imprisoned in Warwick jail, 1839-1840; opened a bookseller's shop, and published Chartism; a new Organisation of the People, on the organisation of the Chartist party (1841); established the national Association for promoting the Political and Social Improvement of the People, 1841; member of the council of the Anti-Slavery League, 1846; published textbooks on elementary science after 1857; died 1877.
For a full biography, see the description for the Shaw business papers (Ref: Shaw).
No information available at present.
No information available at present.
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, acted as Secretary (1558-1572) and Lord Treasurer (1572-1598) to Queen Elizabeth I.
No information available at present.
No information available at present.
Born 1857; educated at home; entered merchant's office, 1874-1878; member of London Stock Exchange, 1880-1886; cabinet-maker and trade unionist in Newcastle, 1886-1889; founded, with others, the Fabian Society, 1883; Secretary of the Fabian Society, 1890-1913; Honorary Secretary of the Fabian Society, 1914-1938; member of Executive of Labour Party from its start, 1900-1913; Governor of London School of Economics, 1895-; died 1955. Publications: Capital and compensation (Fabian Tract, London, 1909); The Case for Municipal Drink Trade (PS King and Son, Westminster, 1904); Fifth Edition of Kirkup's History of Socialism (A&C Black, London, 1920); Gold and state banking (London, 1912); The History of the Fabian Society (AC Fifield, London, 1916).
The court leet was a criminal court for the punishment of small offences, under the jurisdiction of the lord of the surrounding area. It was held twice a year under the presidency of the lord's steward, who was usually a professional lawyer.
Born 1795 of humble parentage; received private tuition; contributed to Newcastle Magazine and other periodicals; published philosophical works (1831 and 1833); produced Newcastle Liberator, 1838, Northern Liberator and Champion newspapers, 1840; studied philosophy in France and Belgium; Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, Queen's College, Belfast, 1849; died 1878. Publications: History of moral science (James Duncan, London, 1833); Angling: or, how to angle, and where to go (G. Routledge & Co, London, 1854); Christian Hermits: or, the lives of several distinguished solitaries, from the earliest ages of the Christian Church, until the eighth century (London, 1845); Cottage Politics; or letters on the new Poor-law Bill (A. Cobbett, London, 1837); Historical sketch of Logic, from the earliest times to the present day (James Nichol, Edinburgh, 1851); History of the Philosophy of Mind (T. W. Saunders, London, 1848); The history of political literature from the earliest times (Richard Bentley, London, 1855).
Giacomo Matteotti was an Italian socialist leader, who was assassinated by fascists in 1924. His death caused a public outcry and threatened to destroy Italian fascism, though the weakness of the parliament meant that, despite a judicial enquiry, the murderers went free and Mussolini himself remained unpunished. Folowing the incident, Mussolini gave up all attempts to work with Parliament, and took steps to create a totalitarian regime.
The South Sea Company was founded in 1711 to trade with Spanish America, on the assumption that the War of the Spanish Succession would end with a treaty permitting such trade. The Treaty of Utrecht, 1713, was less favourable than had been hoped, but confidence in the Company remained artificially high. In 1720, there was an incredible boom in South Sea stock, as a result of the Company's proposal, accepted by parliament, to take over the national debt (South Sea Bubble). This eventually led to the collapse of the stock market in 1720 and the ruin of many investors. The House of Commons ordered an inquiry, which showed that at least three ministers had accepted bribes and speculated.
Possibly created by John Barton (1789-1852) an economist who lived in Chichester, was well known as a Quaker businessman and man of letters and wrote 'The influence of machinery on labour'. He was also a promoter of, and lecturer at, the Chichester Mechanics Institute (later part of the Literary and Philosophical Society).
For a biographical history of Sidney and Beatrice Webb, see the description for the Passfield personal papers (Ref: Passfield).
For a full administrative history of the LSE, see the description for the main LSE records (Ref: London School of Economics and Political Science Archives).
David Ricardo, 1772-1823, was born in London, the third son of a Portuguese Jewish family that had moved to London from Amsterdam. After attending school in London, Ricardo was sent to Amsterdam for two years, probably to continue his education at the Talmud Tora. On his return to London he was educated under private instruction until his father took him into his business on the Stock Exchange. He showed great talent on the Stock Exchange and when his marriage to Priscilla Wilkinson caused a rift with his family and a severance from the family business, many members of the Stock Exchange promised him their support. Ricardo became a very successful contractor, bidding on behalf of the Stock Exchange for the successive government loans issued to finance the Napoleonic War. This culminated in a final loan of £36 million four days before the battle of Waterloo. From 1814, Ricardo progressively retired from his business, and in 1819 he entered the House of Commons as a member for Portarlington. His first published writing on economics appeared in 1809, and consists of three letters to the Morning Chronicle on the price of gold. His first pamphlet, 'The High Price of Bullion', was published in 1810, and it was at this time that his correspondence with James Mill commenced. His correspondence with Malthus starts in 1811. Ricardo published a number of pamphlets between 1811 and 1816, and 'Principles of Political Economy' in 1817. He continued to write and publish pamphlets to the end of his life.
Born New Zealand, 1857; educated at Christ's College Grammar School, Christchurch, New Zealand; educated as a barrister at Oxford University, and admitted to the New Zealand Bar in 1880; worked as a barrister, but preferred journalism; edited the Canterbury Times 1885-1889, and the Lyttelton Times, 1889-; Liberal Member of the New Zealand Parliament, 1887-1896; Minister of Education, Labour, and Justice, 1891-1896; resigned position to become Agent-General for New Zealand, 1896-1905; Governor of the London School of Economics and Political Science, [1896-1932]; first High Commissioner for New Zealand, 1905-1908; Director London School of Economics, 1908-1919; Member of Senate of University of London, 1902-1919; Director, 1908-1917, and Chairman of the Board, 1917-1931, National Bank of New Zealand; set up Anglo-Hellenic League; died 1932.
No information available at present.
In the poll leading up to the General Election of 1826, the Northumberland candidates spent 15 days addressing the electors. There was no common ground between the candidates, and they were in fact bitterly opposed to one another. Lord Howick and Mr. Lambton (Whigs) were particularly hostile to Thomas Wentworth Beaumont, then an Independent Reformer, and the ill feeling came to a head on the 10th day. The end result was a duel taking place, early that morning, between Thomas Wentworth Beaumont and Mr. Lambton on the beach below Bamburgh Castle. Shots were exchanged but their seconds, Captain Plunkett for Mr. Beaumont and General Gray for Mr. Lambton, effected a withdrawal of their men without communication.
John Thomson was a talented and influential photographer, who had spent ten years travelling in, and taking photographs of, the Far East. On his return to London he joined with Adolphe Smith, a socialist journalist, in a project to photograph the street life of the London poor. The volumes were published in monthly parts as Street Life in London, and were an early example of social and documentary photography.
The 1848 Revolutions were a series of republican revolts against European monarchies, which began in Sicily and spread to France, Germany Italy and Austria.
Born 1938; educated Prince of Wales School, Nairobi, and George Watson's College, Edinburgh University; President, Edinburgh University Liberals, 1959, and the Students' Representative Council, 1960; Assistant Secretary, Scottish Liberal Party, 1962-1964; BBC television interviewer in Scotland, 1964-1965; Liberal (later Liberal Democrat) MP for Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles, 1965-1983, and Tweedale, Ettrick and Lauderdale, 1983-1997; President, Anti-Apartheid Movement of Great Britain, 1966-1969; Member, Parliamentary Delegation to the UN General Assembly, 1967; Chairman, Shelter in Scotland, 1969-1973; Liberal Chief Whip, 1970-1975; Member, British Council of Churches, 1971-1975; Council of Management, Centre for Studies in Social Policy, 1971-1976; Advisory Council, European Discussion centre, 1971-1976; Leader of the Liberal Party, 1976-1988; Rector, Edinburgh University, 1982-1985; Chubb Fellow, Yale University, USA, 1987; KBE, 1990; Co-Founder, Social and Liberal Democrats, 1988; President, Countryside Movement, 1995-; President, Liberal International, 1994-1996; created Life Peer, 1997; Liberal Democrat Member and Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament, 1999-. Publications: No entry: the background and implications of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act (C Hurst and Co, London, 1969); The Liberal way forward (Liberal Publication Department, London, 1975); A new majority for a new parliament (Liberal Publications Department, London, 1978); The high ground of politics (Liberal Publication Department, 1979); A house divided: the Lib-Lab Pact and the future of British politics (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1980); Labour at 80: time to retire (Liberal Publication Department, London, 1980); Partners in one nation: a new vision of Britain 2000 (Bodley Head, London, 1985); The decade of realignment: the leadership speeches of David Steel (Hebden Royd Publications, Hebden Bridge, 1986); Sharing profits: the partnership path to economic recovery (Hebden Royd Publications, Hebden Bridge, 1986); Mary Stuart's Scotland (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1987); The time has come: partnership for progress (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1987); Against Goliath (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1989); Border country (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1985).
Walter Stern was a student at the London School of Economics and Political Science from 1946-1949. He then became a member of staff at LSE, teaching economic history. Publications: Ed Essays in European economic history (Edward Arnold, London, 1969); Britain yesterday and today: an outline economic history from the middle of the eighteenth century (Longmans, London, 1969); The porters of London (Longmans, London, 1960).
Stoatley Rough School was founded by Dr Hilde Lion in 1934 as a mixed boarding school, mainly for refugee children from Nazi Europe. It was recognised by the Ministry of Education in 1940. After World War Two, a number of British pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds were sent to the school by local authorities. It was also attended by private boarders. Stoatley Rough was run as a non-profit-making concern, and was closed upon the retirement of Dr Lion in 1960. The Stoatley Rough School History Steering Committee (later the Stoatley Rough School Association) was constituted in July 1991 following a reunion, and is dedicated to preserving, cataloguing and researching the historical records of the School.
Born [1860]; HM Senior Inspector of Factories, [1893-1897]; Member, War Office Commission of Enquiry into Concentration Camps during the Boer War, 1901-1902; Member, Royal Commission on the Civil Service; first female Organising Officer, National Health Insurance Commission, London; Member, Commission of Enquiry into the Conditions of the Women's Army Auxilary Corps in France; Member, Kent Executive Committee of the Women's Land Army; Vice-Chairman, Kent Council of Social Service; married Granville Edward Stewart Streatfeild in 1911; died 1950.
'Survival Programmes' was a Gulbenkian funded project to document inner city environments and lives in the later 1970s. The original photographs were used in a travelling exhibition, and are kept by the Side Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne. A book based on the project, Survival Programmes: in Britain's Inner Cities by the Exit Photography Group (Nicholas Battye/Chris Steele-Perkins/Paul Trevor) was published in 1982.
No further information at present.
The Tariff Commission was an unofficial body set up in 1903 under the auspices of the Tariff Reform League. W A S Hewins (at that time Director of the London School of Economics) was Secretary and Sir Robert Herbert was Chairman, by invitation of Joseph Chamberlain. The aims of the Commission were to examine and report on Chamberlain's proposals for tariff reform and their probable effects on British trade and industries; to suggest the best ways to harmonise the various conflicting interests involved and to work out what import duties should be recommended. The Commission collected extensive data from British business through interviews and questionnaires. It was the intention of the Commission to publish reports on every industry that they investigated and bring these together into a final report that would lay out a full tariff scheme. Seven volumes were published, but lack of funds caused the eventual abandonment of publishing. The Commission was a pioneer in the use of indexing methodology in economic research, but intending users should note that the long interval between the winding up of the Commission's activities and the deposit of its papers has caused significant losses particularly to the indices.
Richard Henry Tawney, 1880-1962, was born in Calcutta and educated at Rugby and Balliol College, Oxford. After leaving Oxford, he became an assistant at Glasgow University, 1906-1908, before returning to Oxford to become a member of the Teacher for Tutorial Classes Committee, 1908-1914. He became Director of the Ratan Tata Foundation at the University of London, 1913-1914 and Professor of Economic History at the University of London, 1931-1949. After 1949, he was Professor Emeritus. Tawney was also a member of numerous committees relating to trade and education. He was a member of the executive of the Workers Educational Association, 1905-1947 and President, 1928-1944, and also a member of the Consultative Committee of the Board of Education, 1912-1931. He was a member of the University Grants Committee 1943-1948. In 1919, he joined the Coal Industry Commission, and he was also a member of the Chain Trade Board, 1919 - 1922, and the Cotton Trade Conciliation Commission, 1936-1939.
The Thatcher Factor was produced by Brook Lapping and shown in 1991/1992.
Documentary produced by Brook Productions, broadcast as 'The Writing on the Wall'.
Richard Morris Titmuss, 1907-1973, was educated at St Gregory's preparatory school in Luton and at the age of fourteen went on to Clark's Commercial College for a six month course in bookkeeping. At eighteen he was engaged as a probationary clerk to the County Fire Insurance Office and he stayed there for the next sixteen years. In 1937, Titmuss married Kay Miller, who influenced his interests towards more social and political themes. He began writing articles on topics such as public health and migration, and his first book 'Poverty and Population' was published in 1938. When war broke out, Titmuss' job in war damage insurance became a reserved occupation. However, his name was added to the Ministry of Labour's Central Register of professional people. In this capacity he informally advised the Ministry of Information on some social survey reports and was statistical adviser in a voluntary capacity to the Ministries of Health and Economic Warfare on wartime German vital statistics.
In 1942, he left the County Fire Insurance Office to join a group of historians commissioned to write the civil histories of the Second World War and to cover the work of the Ministry of Health. Throughout this period he continued writing on the problems of poverty and population, publishing books, and from late 1944 working as a statistical and demographic adviser to Luton. His interest in social inequality led him to abandon the Liberal Party and join other wartime political groups. He worked with the Liberal MP Sir Richard Acland, whose publication 'Unser Kampf' demanded that steps should be taken during the war towards a new order of society. They formed a group called Forward March which then merged with other groups to become the short lived Commonwealth Party.
In 1947, Titmuss was working as Social Economist and Deputy Director of the Social Medicine Research Unit. However with the publication of his book 'Problems of Social Policy' academic employment opened up for him. He was offered the chairs of social administration at Birmingham and the London School of Economics and chose LSE, arriving in 1950. Here he continued to define and analyse social services and to establish the academic respectability of social administration until his retirement.
In 1975 the pressure groups Pressure for Economic and Social Toryism (PEST), the Macleod Group, the Social Tory Action Group and the Manchester Tory Reform Group merged to form the Tory Reform Group.
The main aim of the Group is to encourage the Conservative Party to adopt centre-right, One Nation policies. It regularly publishes policy papers and issues a quarterly journal, The Reformer. It also organises events such as conferences, lectures, receptions and fringe meetings at Conservative Party Conferences.
The Group's President is Kenneth Clarke MP. Former Presidents were Nicholas Scott (1975-1980), Peter Walker (1980-1991) and David Hunt (1991-1997).
The United Nations Association came into being in 1948 with the help of money from the League of Nations Union, which continued as a parallel organisation. After the demise of the League of Nations Union, the UNA took over many of its functions and staff. The UNA describes itself as a "critical fan club of the United Nations" and has always reflected the concerns of the United Nations. Initially, it focussed on the issues of world peace and the danger of war through hunger, and whilst these have remained central issues, the agenda has expanded to include human rights, third world development and the environment as issues of major importance. The range of activities that the UNA undertake has also changed. Initially, it concentrated mainly on lobbying government and meeting civil servants and ministers. However it gradually expanded into campaigning in its own right and educating the public about issues of concern.
Education has become an increasingly significant part of the work of the UNA. It strives to educate the public about the role and activities of the United Nations and how the UNA is involved in these. It also publishes leaflets on various key issues.
The UNA itself is divided into various branches, which are largely independent of the centre, with co-ordinating regional officers who are in touch with both the centre and the branches, committees relating to single issues such as human rights, and a general council which meets once a year to debate issues raised by the branches. Information from the central organisation is sent out to the branches via the Branch Letter and campaign packs are sent out for the annual nationwide UNA campaign. The UNA Trust is the funding arm of the UNA. This body gives grants to projects that conform to the ideals of the UNA and the UN. It is a registered charity. UNA Youth is an organisation that is part of the UNA but has its own constitution and its own structure, which mirrors that of UNA. The UNA is also a members of other organisations that conform to its ideals, such as the National Peace Council.
Possibly the Unicorn Bookshop in Brighton, owned and run by Bill Butler, a US beat poet and occultist.
No further information available at present.
Charles Pelham Villiers, 1802-1898, was educated at Haileybury and St. Johns College, Cambridge, becoming a barrister at Lincolns Inn in 1827. He held Benthamite political views, and enjoyed a long career in public service and Parliament. In 1832, he was a Poor Law Commissioner, and from 1833 to 1852, an official of the court of Chancery. He served as an MP for Wolverhampton from 1835 to 1898, during which time he worked towards free trade and opposed the Corn Law and home rule for Ireland. He also served as Judge-Advocate General, 1852-1858, Privy Councillor, 1853, and President of the Poor Law board, 1859-1866.
The papers of David Wainwright, Director of Information of the Social Science Research Council, originally bequeathed to the Business Archives Council upon his death, circa January 1998.
Richard Scurrah Wainwright born April 11 1918, the son of Henry Scurrah and Emily Wainwright; attended the independent boys school at Shrewsbury; through an open scholarship Wainwright was able to attend Clare College Cambridge, where he gained a BA (Hons) in History in 1939; whilst studying at Cambridge Wainwright developed his interest in the Liberal Party, as a member of the Cambridge University Liberal Club; during the 1930s he was deeply affected by the social conditions in Britain at the time particularly on the housing estates in Leeds, which shaped his future political views; at the outbreak of war in September 1939 he registered as a conscientious objector and joined the Friends Ambulance Unit (FAU), a Quaker organisation providing a voluntary ambulance service; Between 1939 and 1946 he served with the Unit in France, Holland, Germany and the blitz cities; after the war he trained to become a Chartered Accountant and became a partner first at Beevers and Adgie in 1950 and then Peat Marwick Mitchell and Co; later left this profession to focus on his political aspirations; stood, unsuccessfully, as the Liberal Party candidate for the constituency of Pudsey, Yorkshire in the General Election of 1950, and again in 1955; Liberal candidate for Colne Valley, also in Yorkshire, 1956, winning the seat at the General Election of 1966; at the following General Election he lost his seat to the Labour MP David Clark but was successful in both the February and October elections of 1974; remained Colne Valley's MP until his retirement in 1987; was an active member of the Liberal Party, working as Chairman between 1970 and 1972; his particular areas of interest were employment, trade and public finance; elected to serve on the Liberal Party Executive, 1953; concentrated his work on local government at Liberal headquarters from 1961; a central spokesman for the Liberal Party on finance (representing his party on the Finance Bill Committee in 1968), trade and industry (1970-?), the economy (1966-1970; 1979-1985) and employment (1985-1987); Chairman of the Liberal Party Research Department, 1968-1970; focused on the financial management of the party after 1974; politically active after retirement in 1987, working for the Electoral Reform Society; Deputy Chairman of the Wider Share Ownership Council, 1986-1997; when the Liberal Party merged with the Social Democratic Party to become the Liberal Democrats Wainwright became a member, working as President of the Yorkshire Federation of Liberal Democrats, 1989-1997; Active in his community, he was a dedicated Methodist Preacher and served on the Leeds Group B Hospital Management Committee, and was Chairman of the Arthington Hospital and Thorp Arch Hospital Committees, 1948-1958; served on the Committee for the Leeds, Skyrac and Morley Savings Bank Board of Managers and Leeds Library Committee; other roles included Treasurer of the Leeds Invalid Children's Aid Society and the Bethany House Free Church Probation Home; member of the Joseph Rowntree Social Services Trust Limited (now the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust), 1959-1984; Fellow of the Huddersfield Polytechnic, later Huddersfield University, in 1988; he died on January 16 2003; His wife Joyce, who he married in 1949, was an active member of the Yorkshire Women's Liberal Federation, fulfilling roles as both Chairman and President, and Chairman of the Colne Valley Women's Liberal Council (1959-1987); she was also a member of the Executive of the National Women's Liberal Federation.