The Sunday School Union was formed to encourage the foundation of Sunday schools and to support them by raising funds for books, and teaching equipment. The Country Homes Committee was most likely involved in the provision of country holiday homes where inner London children could spend some time away from the city. Alternatively they could be residential care homes for children removed from their families.
The Local Government Act 1894 made provision for local self-government in England and Wales in the form of parish councils for every rural parish with a population of 300 and upwards. The existing rural and urban sanitary authorities became the new district councils. Further re-arrangement of districts was carried out by review, by county councils under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1929.
Rating remained in the hands of the parish overseers in 1894, although under the Public Health Act 1875 a general district rate was levied by the urban authorities. The Rating and Valuation Act 1925 abolished the rating powers of the overseers of the poor and named the new rating authorities as the councils of every county borough and urban and rural districts. A consolidated rate - 'the general rate' - replaced the confusion of various separate rates. In addition, a new valuation list was to be made for every rating area, to come into force on either 1 April 1928 or April 1929, followed by a second list in 1932, 1933 or 1934. Instructions were given in the act for draft valuation lists and records of totals to be made.
Summary of constituencies of Sunbury and Staines District Councils:
Sunbury Urban District Council:
Sunbury UDC included Sunbury Common, Charlton and Upper Halliford, Shepperton (including Lower Halliford and Shepperton Green), Ashford Common and Littleton. By the Middlesex (Feltham, Hayes, Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames) Confirmation Order, 1930, the parish of Shepperton and parts of Ashford and Littleton were transferred to Sunbury Urban District on the dissolution of Staines Rural District. As a result of local government re-organisation in the Greater London area, Sunbury Urban District was transferred to the administrative county of Surrey with effect from 1 April 1965.
Staines Urban District Council:
Staines UDC included Staines, Ashford, Laleham, Stanwell (including Stanwell Moor and Poyle). As a result of local government re-organisation in the Greater London area, Staines Urban District was transferred to the administrative county of Surrey with effect from 1 April 1965.
Staines Rural District Council:
Staine RDC included Ashford, East Bedfont with Hatton, Cranford, Hanworth, Harlington, Harmondsworth, Laleham, Littleton, Shepperton, Stanwell (part). On the dissolution of Staines Rural District in 1930, East Bedfont with Hatton and Hanworth were transferred to Feltham Urban District, Cranford and Harlington to Hayes and Harlington Urban District, and Harmondsworth to Yiewsley and West Drayton Urban District. The remaining areas were transferred to Sunbury and Staines Urban Districts, as detailed above.
In 1974 the Urban Districts of Sunbury and Staines became part of Spelthorne Borough Council, in the administrative county of Surrey.
Urban District Councils and Rural District Councils were formed under the 1894 Local Government Act, and were abolished by the 1974 Local Government Act. Their records, not being part of county council records, are from the county record office's viewpoint, considered non-official.
The records forming this collection are probably all from the Clerk's Department of Sunbury Urban District Council. The composition of the Council was as follows: From 1894-1930: Sunbury UDC covered the parish of Sunbury on Thames From 1930-1974: Sunbury UDC covered the parishes of Sunbury on Thames (including Sunbury Common, Charlton and Upper Halliford), Shepperton (including Lower Halliford and Shepperton Green), Ashford Common, and Littleton. By the Middlesex (Feltham, Hayes, Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames) confirmation Order, 1930, the parish of Shepperton and parts of Ashford and Littleton were transferred to Sunbury Urban District on the dissolution of Staines Rural District Council.
Sunbury UDC was transferred to the administrative county of Surrey with effect from 1 April 1965. In 1974 the Urban Districts of Sunbury and Staines were abolished and replaced by Spelthorne Borough Council.
In 1708 Charles Povey founded the Exchange House Fire Office. In the next year, a Company of London Insurers was formed, consisting of 24 members. In 1710 Povey transferred his right in the Exchange House, also known as the Sun Fire Office, to the Company of London Insurers. The business of the Sun Fire Office was henceforth conducted in Causey's Coffee House near St Paul's Cathedral. In March 1711 it moved to a house in Sweeting's Rents. The Company was governed by two bodies: the General Court which was a meeting of all the managers, and the Committee of Management (consisting of 7 members) which met weekly.
A branch office, known as the Charing Cross office (or Westminster House), was opened in Craig's Court in 1726. The office was moved to 60 and 61 Charing Cross in 1866.
Business in Germany was established during the first half of the 19th century, and during the second half of the century the Sun Insurance Office began to operate in rest of Europe, the Near East, the Far East, the USA, Canada, South America, Australasia, China and Africa.
The Accident Department and the Marine Department were established in 1907 and 1921 respectively.
The name of the company was changed to the Sun Insurance Office in 1891. It became a public limited liability company in 1926. In 1959 it merged with Alliance to form Sun Alliance Insurance Limited, and in 1996 Sun Alliance merged with Royal Insurance to form the Royal and Sun Alliance Insurance Group.
The Sun Life Assurance Society was established in 1810 to take over the life insurance business of the Sun Fire Office. The membership of each company's board of managers was identical. Sun Life was based in Bank Buildings, then at Threadneedle Street, and later at Cheapside. The collection includes very few records of Sun Life Assurance Society.
The Sun Insurance Office archive includes records relating to the Sun Indemnity Company of New York. In 1822 the Sun Fire Office took over the Watertown Insurance Company and a US manager was appointed. By the end of 1886 the company was represented in 20 states. The following year the head office of the US branch was moved to New York. The Sun Insurance Office floated the Sun Indemnity Company of New York and the Patriotic Insurance Company of America in 1922. In 1929 the Sun Underwriters Insurance Company of New York was formed. In 1955 these companies were reorganized into two firms: the Sun branch, and the Sun Insurance Company of New York (incorporating Sun Indemnity, Patriotic, and Sun Underwriters).
The Sun Insurance Office had a number of UK subsidiary companies, including: Bath Sun Fire Office (from 1838, see CLC/B/192-06); Patriotic Assurance Company of Dublin (from 1906, see CLC/B/192-30); Alliance Assurance Company (from 1959, see CLC/B/192-02); London Assurance (from 1965, see CLC/B/192-26); and Planet Assurance Company (from 1968, see CLC/B/192-32).
The company was based at Causey's Coffee House in St Paul's Church Yard (1710-11), Sweeting's Rents (1711-27), Threadneedle Street (1727-63), Bank Buildings in Cornhill (1763-1843), and Threadneedle Street (1843-).
The Sun Fire Office was founded in 1710 by a co-partnership of 24 'gentlemen of mixed social and professional background' to provide fire insurance following the devastation of the Great Fire of London in 1666. It is the oldest insurance company in existence; it merged with Alliance Asssurance in 1959 and with Royal Insurance (founded 1842) in 1996 to form Royal and SunAlliance.
William Edward Sumpner lived at number 33 Pennyfields in 1866, when his profession is recorded as currier (a person who dressed and coloured tanned leather). By 1916 he was living in Ilford.
Sumatra Tea Estates Limited was registered in 1925 to acquire estates in the Simeloengoen district of East Sumatra. From 1937 it was wholly owned by Rubber Plantations Investment Trust. In 1953 it went into voluntary liquidation.
Sumatra Petroleum Company was formed under the auspices of the Sumatra branch of Wallace and Company to work the oil resources of the Dutch East Indies. The venture failed and the Company was closed in 1905.
After obtaining a degree at Regents Park College in London, Sully went to Gottingen in 1867 to study for the London University MA. From 1869 to 1870 he was a classical tutor at the Baptist College, Pontypool. In 1871 he assisted John Morley, then Editor of the Fortnightly Review, with correspondence, proof-reading, etc, and he began to write for the Fortnightly and the Saturday Review. In 1873 Sully was first invited to contribute an article on aesthetics to the Encyclopaedia Britannica and in the following year Sensation and intuition was published. He subsequently contributed to articles to several journals, including The Academy, The Contemporary Review, The Cornhill Magazine, The Examiner, and Mind. In 1877 Pessimism was published. Sully became an Examiner in Logic and Philosophy at the University of London in 1878. The following year he was Lecturer in the Theory of Education at the Maria Grey Training College and the College of Preceptors. A series of publications followed: Illusions in 1881; Outlines of Psychology in 1884; A teachers's handbook of psychology in 1886; and The human mind in 1892. In 1892 Sully was elected to the vacant chair of Mind and Logic at University College London on the resignation of George Croom Robertson. In 1895 Studies of childhood and in 1902 An essay on laughter were published. In 1903 Sully resigned from his Professorship and in 1918 published My life and friends.
Quarter Sessions were sessions of a court held in each county four times a year by a local Justice of the Peace to hear criminal charges as well as civil and criminal appeals. The history of quarter sessions traces to 1327, when King Edward III appointed men in every county to keep the peace.
The decision of Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt, to nationalise the Suez Canal in July 1956 provoked, in the following October, Great Britain and France to launch an amphibious and airborne assault on Port Said, Egypt, while Israeli armed forces attacked Egyptian forces in the Sinai. Britain, France and Israel, under diplomatic pressure from the UN, USA and USSR, withdrew their forces, to be replaced by UN peacekeepers. The Suez Oral History Project, an initiative of the Institute of Contemporary British History, London, and sponsored by the Nuffield Foundation and King's College London, consisted of a series of interviews with British political, diplomatic and military figures involved at a senior level in the Suez Crisis of 1956. The interviews were undertaken between 1989 and 1991 by Anthony Gorst of the University of Westminster and Dr W Scott Lucas, then of the University of Birmingham. Transcripts of the twenty one interviews were subsequently produced and returned to the interviewees for review and correction where necessary. Some alterations were made, which, apart from a few amendments for security purposes, were mainly for grammar and clarification of expression.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Crosby Hall was part of a mansion in Bishopsgate built for Sir John Crosby in 1466. It was owned by Sir Thomas More in 1532. In 1621 to 1638 it was the headquarters of the East India Company, then it became a Presbyterian Meeting House, commercial premises, the Crosby Hall Literary and Scientific Institution, and a restaurant. In 1908 it was purchased by the Charter Bank of India and was demolished to make way for their head office. The building materials were preserved and the hall was rebuilt as part of the International Hostel of the British Federation of University Women in Chelsea.
These records date to the Hall's time as a commercial premises (1770-1853).
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
Bachelor of Medicine and of Surgeory, 1966; BSc Psychology, 1971; Member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1975; Medical Director Bethlem and Maudsley Trust; Consultant Child Psychiatrist, King's College Hospital and Brixton Child Guidance Unit, [1976-1978]; Belgrave Clinic, [1980-1990]; Senior Registrar, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street; Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, South London and Maudsley Trust, c 2001.
Dragutin Subotic (1887-1952) and his brother Vojislav (?-1969) were born in Serbia. Dragutin Subotic was educated at the Universities of Belgrade and Munich. In 1916 he came to live in Britain as the result of World War One. From 1916 to 1919 he worked as a supervisor of Serbian students at Oxford University. In 1919 he was appointed lecturer in Serbo-Croat at SSEES (then the School of Slavonic Studies, King's College London) and remained in this post until his retirement in 1942. He also worked for the Yugoslav Legation as a cultural attaché.
Born in Ceylon, 1913; higher education, England, 1932; joined Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP); attended Pan-African Conference held in Manchester, 1947; elected to parliament of Ceylon, 1947; left LSSP, 1955 and joined Independent Socialist Party; Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence and External Affairs, 1956-1959; resigned and joined the opposition party, 1959; ran as an independant candidate, 1960; Speaker 1960; Ambassador to the USSR, 1960-1965; Ambassador to the UN; MP for Sri-Lanka Freedom Party, 1965; Minister of Industies and Scientific Affairs; 1970-1977; retired 1977; died 1995.
The Medway Brewery, St Peter's Street, Maidstone, Kent was built by William Baldwin in 1806. The company was known as "Baldwin and Holmes" in the 1850s, as "Holmes and Style" during the 1860s and as "A F Style and Company" from 1880. It was amalgamated with E Winch and Sons Limited, of the Chatham Brewery, Chatham, Kent, and incorporated as "Style and Winch Limited" on the 17th March 1899.
Acquired:
- Henry Simmons, Style Place Brewery, Hadlow, Kent, 1905;
- H and O Vallance, The Brewery, Sittingbourne, Kent, 1905;
- Tooting Brewery, 1907;
- Ashford Breweries Limited, Lion Brewery, Ashford, Kent, 1912;
- Woodhams and Co Limited, Rochester Steam Brewery, Rochester, Kent, 1918;
-
E Finn and Co Limited, Pale Ale Brewery, Lydd, Kent, 1921.
The Company took a controlling interest in Royal Brewery Brentford Limited in 1922; and jointly with Royal Brewery acquired Dartford Brewery Company Limited in 1924.
Style and Winch Limited was acquired by Barclay Perkins and Company Limited in 1929. It was operated by Courage (Eastern) Limited from 1964; and liquidated by Courage, Barclay and Simonds in 1970.
William Sturton became a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries, London, 1832; and a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, 1838.
Born, 1687; Free school at Holbeach; Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; MB (1708), MD (1719); studied anatomy under Mr Rolfe, a surgeon in Chancery Lane, and medicine under Richard Mead (FRS 1703) at St Thomas's Hospital; practiced in Boston, Lincolnshire, 1710-1717; in London, 1717-1726; and in Grantham, Lincolnshire, 1726-1730, where his patients included members of the local aristocracy; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1718; ordained deacon and priest, 1729; Vicar of All Saints, Stamford, 1729-1747; Rector of St George-the-Martyr, Queen Square, London, 1747-1765; friend of Sir Isaac Newton (FRS 1672); died of palsy, 1765; his collections of Roman coins, fossils, pictures and antiquities were sold after his death.
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Born 1875; educated at Repton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the Rifle Brigade, 1895; Lt, 1897; service with the Tochi Field Force, North West Frontier, India, 1897-1898; served in Second Boer War, South Africa, 1899-1902; awarded DSO, 1900; Capt, 1901; served with 4 Bn, The Rifle Brigade, Egypt, 1902-1903; graduated from the Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1904; Directorate of Military Operations, War Office, 1904-1910; Director of Organisation, New Zealand Military Forces, 1910-1912; Brevet Maj, 1911; Maj, 1913; Instructor, General Staff Officer 2, Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1913-1914; temporary Lt Col, 1913-1915; served in World War One, 1914-1918; General Staff Officer 2, 6 Div, BEF (British Expeditionary Force), France, 1914-1915; General Staff Officer 1, 15 Div, BEF, 1915; Lt Col, 1915; General Staff Officer 1, General Headquarters, BEF, France, 1915-1916; awarded CMG, 1916; Brevet Col, 1916; temporary Brig Gen, 1916-1917; Brig Gen General Staff, General Headquarters, BEF, France, 1916-1917; Brig Gen General Staff, 19 Corps, Western Front, 1917; Brig Gen General Staff, 7 Corps, Western Front, 1917; awarded CB, 1917; temporary Maj Gen, 1917-1919; Deputy Adjutant General, General Headquarters, British Armies in France, 1917-1919; Maj Gen, 1919; General Officer Commanding, Madras District, India, 1920-1922; suppression of the Moplah Rebellion, Malabar, India, 1921-1922; Director of Military Operations and Intelligence, War Office, 1922-1926; created KBE, 1923; General Officer Commanding 3 Div, UK, 1926-1930; directed exercises by the Experimental Mechanised Force, Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, 1927; Lt Gen, 1930; General Officer Commanding British Troops in Egypt, 1931-1934; created KCB, 1932; Gen, 1934; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Command, UK, 1934-1938; Aide de Camp General to the King, 1935-1938; Col Commandant, 1 Bn, Rifle Brigade, 1936-1945; appointed GCB, 1937; retired 1938; served I World War Two, 1939-1945; service with Home Guard, 1940-1944; Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace, Aberdeenshire; died 1958.
Stuart was a lieutenant in 1797, was promoted to commander in 1798 and to captain in 1799. As Senior Officer he served at Gibraltar in LE GRENIER, 1800, and then successively in the CHAMPION, Adriatic, 1801 to 1803, and off Flushing in the CRESCENT, 1804 to 1806. He was in the LAVINIA from 1806 to 1810, during which time the frigate squadron under his command during the Walcheren expedition contributed to the surrender of Flushing, 1809. Stuart was Member of Parliament for Cardiff from 1802 to 1814. His last service was in the CONQUISTADOR, in home waters from 1811 until 1814
Alexander Stuart (1673-1742) MD of Leyden and Cambridge, was a Fellow of the College of Physicians and of the Royal Society. He was Physician to the Westminster Hospital during the same period as Dr Wasey.
William Wasey (1691-1757) MD Cambridge and President of the College of Physicians in 1750, 1751, 1752 and 1753, was Physician to the Westminster Hospital, 1719-1733.
James Strudwick of Ealing, was a builder. He died in 1855, leaving his wife Sarah.
Richard Stroud was born in December 1799. He joined the excise service in 1827 and began his training in the Dorchester 2nd division. By December 1827, Stroud was qualified to survey brewers, victuallers, tanners, soapmakers and other dealers. His career was peripatetic and took him to Bristol, Andover, Campbeltown, Oxford, and the Isle of Wight amongst other places. He retired on grounds of ill health in 1853.
Born, 1675; extra-licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, 1700; practised at Alnwick; graduated MD at the University of Utrecht, 1720; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, 1721; author of a number of medical works, in particular making detailed comments on the problems and use of 'Jesuits' bark', cinchona, in fever, and on the treatment of smallpox; died, 1737.
Born, England, 1873; educated, Alleyn's College of God's Gift, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1892-1903; St Thomas's Hospital, London; member of the Royal College of Surgeons; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, 1903; joined the Daniells anthropological expedition to British New Guinea to investigate cancer, 1903; assistant resident magistrate at Kairuku, Central Division, 1904; resident magistrate of North Eastern Division of Papua, 1908; led investigation on dysentery among Papuan labourers, 1912; chief medical health and quarantine officer, [1919]; implemented a programme for training Papuans as medical assistants, 1933-1935; retired, 1938; died, 1946.
Strong, Edward, fl. 1699-1709, was a mason and builder.
W Stroganoff was a Russian professor based in Leningrad, he published The Improved Prophylactic Method in the Treatment of Eclampsia (1930: New York. William Wood & Co.).
James Haig Ferguson was born 1862; educated in Edinburgh, graduating 1884; general practitioner; specialised in obstetrics and gynaecology at the Royal Infirmary and Royal Maternity Hospital, Edinburgh; opened a hostel for antenatal care in Edinburgh Royal Maternity Hospital, 1899; died, 1934.
This firm of merchants and tea and spice dealers, of 5 Monument Yard, Fish Street Hill, was originally a partnership between Miles Stringer and Thomas Richardson. The partnership ended in May 1828. Later in the same year a Mr Cooper took Richardson's place and the firm was renamed Stringer, Cooper and Company.
Born, 2 March 1811 ; educated at home until 1827; Thomas Arnold's school at Laleham, 1827; Oriel College, Oxford, 1828-1832; after he left Oxford, natural history became his main pursuit. He began to publish articles in the general areas that would continue to preoccupy him throughout his career: geological description, ornithology, and problems of classification and nomenclature. Accompanied William John Hamilton on a tour through southern Europe to Asia Minor, 1835-1836; summer journey through Scotland and Orkney, 1837; deputy reader in geology, Oxford University, 1850; elected a fellow of the Royal Society, 1852; died, 1853.
Publications: The Dodo and its Kindred (1848)
Frank Clarke Strick (1849-1943) set himself up in business in 1885 in London as a shipbroker and coal exporter; two years later he purchased a small vessel and to raise additional capital he founded, with others, the London and Paris Steamship Company Limited. A new company was formed to operate the vessel called the Anglo-Algerian Steamship Company Limited. This was the first strand in a pattern of Strick trading which was to last for many years -- coal from South Wales or North East Coast ports to West Italian ports, loading iron ore homewards from Benisaf in North Africa for the United Kingdom or the Continent, under contract, using owned or chartered vessels. A successful voyage to the Persian Gulf in 1892 with coal and general cargo induced Strick to build ships for the Gulf trade, within the framework of a new company, the Anglo-Arabian and Persian Steamship Company Limited. By the beginning of the century, Frank Strick had fifteen ships sailing under his flag, serving the Mediterranean and Persian Gulf trades; less regularly, his ships were also to be found in the Indian Ocean or the United States. La Tunisienne Steam Navigation Company Limited was formed by Strick in 1909; this company operated vessels in the North African trade, where Strick's interests were important. In addition Strick's controlled coal bunkering depots in Port Said, Algiers and Oran. In 1919 Strick sold the remaining Strick Line fleet and business to Lord Inchcape and it was absorbed into P and O in 1923. The company went into voluntary liquidation, but Strick had no intention of retiring, forming a new company under the name of London, Paris and Marseilles Steamship Company (later London and Paris Steamship Co Ltd) and continuing to operate La Tunisienne. The Persian Gulf trade was carried on under the joint management of Frank C. Strick and Company Ltd and Cray, Dawes and Company. At first the ships were owned by single-ship companies, but later Strick Line (1923) Limited was formed to own and operate the fleet. Ships of Anglo-American Steamship Company (1896) Limited, in a joint service with Ellerman's Bucknall Steamship Lines, carried large quantities of the prospectors'equipment, stores and personnel to the Gulf. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company Limited (later Anglo-Iranian, later British Petroleum) was formed in 1909 and its Managing Director was appointed a director of Anglo-Algerian. Strick opened his own offices in the Gulf through a partnership with Lloyd, Scott and Company; the firm was known as Strick, Scott and Company. In 1913 Anglo-Algerian became the Strick Line Ltd. By 1928 Strick wished to re-acquire an interest in the Persian Gulf and in the company which bore his name. He succeeded in negotiating with P&O the purchase by his London and Paris Company of a 49% minority interest in Strick Line (1923) Ltd and the Shahristan Steamship Company Ltd. Upon the outbreak of the Second World War the Strick ownership of twenty-five ships was divided into three fleets -- Strick Line, La Tunisienne and Cory and Strick. During the war Strick Line built eight vessels and Frank C. Strick managed twelve; but twenty vessels were lost. In 1960 Strick Line acquired Frank C Strick and Co Ltd. In 1972 P and O completed its acquisition of all the Strick interests and absorbed them into the and O Group.
Bruno Streckenbach, SS Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant der Polizei was born Hamburg, 17 February 1902; head of Gestapo, Hamburg, 1933; Führer der Einsatzgruppe I in Poland and commanding officer of Sicherheitspolizei and Sicherheitsdienst, Cracow, September 1939; joined Waffen SS, 1943; made General, 1944; arrested by the Red Army, 10 May 1945; sentenced to 25 years hard labour, 1952; released October 1955; thereafter he became an office clerk. He was indicted for the murder of at least 1 million people in 1973. The court in Hamburg suspended the proceedings on account of his ill health. Died, 28 October 1977.
Marek Vajsblum was a Polish journalist and author.
The Streatham School Society were formed to manage the national school of Streatham. National schools were Church of England schools founded under the National Society (Church of England) for Promoting Religious Education.
Born [1860]; HM Senior Inspector of Factories, [1893-1897]; Member, War Office Commission of Enquiry into Concentration Camps during the Boer War, 1901-1902; Member, Royal Commission on the Civil Service; first female Organising Officer, National Health Insurance Commission, London; Member, Commission of Enquiry into the Conditions of the Women's Army Auxilary Corps in France; Member, Kent Executive Committee of the Women's Land Army; Vice-Chairman, Kent Council of Social Service; married Granville Edward Stewart Streatfeild in 1911; died 1950.
Helmut Strauss was born in Othfresen, Lower Saxony, Germany in 1919.
This firm of Russia merchants, known from 1810 as Stratton, Gibson and Fuller, had premises at 3 Russia Court, Leadenhall Street, (to 1801) and 9 Great St Helens (from 1802).
The firm was principally concerned with the import and sale of linen and other commodities from St Petersburg, Russia, to London. They also acted as London brokers to some provincial merchants, which involved them in coastal trade, and arranged insurance against fire, loss at sea and capture.
The roots of the firm can be traced in trade directories back at least to 1754, to the partnership of Stratton and Rodbard, linen drapers and merchants of Aldgate Within (to ca. 1758), Leadenhall Street (from ca. 1760) and 3 Russia Court, Leadenhall Street (from ca. 1768). The firm was subsequently styled as Stratton and Pieschall (1782-90), Stratton, Gibson and Schonberg (1792-97), Stratton and Gibson (1798-1810) and Stratton, Gibson and Fuller (1810-ca.1822). The firm ceases to appear in trade directories after 1822.
Stratton was born in Manchester on 8 October 1913. He was educated at Central Manchester High School before winning scholarships to the University of Manchester in 1931. He graduated B.Sc. in 1934 and went on to study as a medical doctor, qualifying MB, ChB in 1937. He became MD in 1945. Stratton began work as a doctor in General Practice but in 1940, following the outbreak of war, he joined the Manchester Blood Depot. Initially he served as Medical Officer but was quickly appointed Deputy Regional Transfusion Officer. The post-war health service reforms saw the creation of twelve regional blood transfusion centres. Stratton was appointed Regional Blood Transfusion Officer and in 1949, when the Manchester Centre came under the Regional Hospital Board, Director of the North West Regional Blood Transfusion Centre (later the Manchester Blood Centre), a post he held to retirement in 1980.
He combined administrative, fund-raising and clinical responsibilities with active research in the area of blood group serology, making a particular contribution to the detection of blood group antibodies. In retirement he worked on antiglobulin reagents and haemagglutination, in association with D. Voak. In 1947 Stratton was appointed Special Lecturer in Human Serology at the University of Manchester. He was made Reader in 1967 and in 1977 was appointed to a Personal Chair. Stratton received a D.Sc. in 1957. Stratton was a Founder Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. In the early 1980s he was a founder member and first President of the British Blood Transfusion Society. In recognition of his services in the field of blood transfusion Stratton was awarded the 1963 Oliver Memorial Award, the 1978 Karl Landsteiner Award of the American Association of Blood Banks and in 1987 received the British Blood Transfusion Society's highest honour, the James Blundell Award. Stratton died on 2 April 2001. He was survived by his wife Louisa and two sons.
No administrative history has been found for Miss Stratton.
Strathisla (Perak) Rubber Estates Limited: This company was registered in 1910 to acquire estates in the Kinta district of Perak, Malaya. In 1959 it was taken over by Pataling Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-124).
Born 1866, Thomas Strangeways Pigg changed his surname to Strangeways when he married; educated at St Bartholemew's, 1890; awarded Matthews Duncan Gold Medal, 1895; demonstrator in Pathology, Cambridge, 1897; awarded honorary MA, 1900; died, 1926.
T S P Strangeways formed the Committee for the Study of Special Diseases to investigate joint disease and opened a research hospital in Cambridge, 1905; Cambridge Research Hospital opened in new premises, 1912; tissue culture research began, 1920; Honor Fell became Strangeways' research assistant, 1923; wards at the Cambridge Research Hospital closed and clinical work transferred to St Bartholomew's; Dr J A Andrews became interim Director, 1927; Dr Honor Fell appointed as Chief of the Laboratory and hospital renamed Strangeways Research Laboratory, 1928; F G Spear appointed Deputy Director; Dr Alfred Glucksmann appointed Deputy Director, 1960; Dame Honor Fell retired, 1970; Professor Michael Abercrombie appointed Director, 1970-1979; Dr J T Dingle appointed Director.
Strang was a student in the Faculty of Arts at University College London from 1909 to 1912, and he won the Quain English Essay prize in 1913. He joined the Foreign Office in 1919, being Permanent Under-Secretary of State from 1949 to 1953. He was elected a Fellow of University College London in 1946. Strang was Chairman of the College Committee at University College London from 1963 to 1971, and Chairman of the National Parks Commission from 1954 to 1966.
Born Inverarnan, Perthshire, 1888; joined Royal Garrison Artillery, Mar 1916; served in India 1916-1918; died 1953.
Straits Plantations Limited was registered in 1899 to acquire Bagan Datoh estates in Perak, Malaya. It acquired Coconut Plantations of Perak Limited in 1929, Perak Oil Palms Limited in 1937 and Kayan (F.M.S.) Coconut Company Limited in 1937. In 1962 it was acquired by Golden Hope Rubber Estate Limited (CLC/B/112-054). From December 1977 the company was resident in Malaysia for tax purposes. It became a private company in May 1982.
Born, USA, 1912; educated Lincoln School, New York, Dartington Hall, Totnes, Devon, 1925-1931; Trinity College, Cambridge, 1931-1933; left Cambridge to devote himself to motor sport, 1933; formed the Straight Corporation, 1935; Royal Auxiliary Air Force, 1940; air aide-de-camp to King George VI, 1944; first deputy chairman and managing director of British European Airways, 1946; chairman of Government advisory committee on private flying, 1947; chairman of the Royal Aero Club, 1946-1951; deputy chairman British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), 1947; executive vice-chairman BOAC 1949-1957; executive vice-chairman, Rolls-Royce Ltd, 1955; deputy chairman; chairman, 1971-1976; board of the Midland Bank, 1956; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1964-1979; deputy chairman of the new Post Office Corporation, 1969-1974; died, 1979.
Mary Berenson (1864-1945) was born in 1864 to Hannah Whitall (1832-1911) and Robert Pearsall Smith (d. 1899). Both were evangelical preachers in New Jersey and Philadelphia. In 1885, Mary married Francis Benjamin Conn Costelloe, a barrister, in London. They had two daughters, Ray (b. 1887) and Karin (c. 1889). After the death of Benjamin in 1899, Mary moved to Italy to marry the art historian Bernard Berenson in 1900 and Hannah, who had moved to London in 1888, took care of Ray and Karin in London. Later, Ray was to marry Oliver Strachey.
Rachel Strachey (1887-1940) was born in 1887 to Mary Pearsall Smith (later Berenson) and Benjamin Francis Conn Costelloe. Mary Pearsall Smith was the daughter of Hannah Whitall Smith, the American evangelist and religious writer. Rachel's sister was Karin Conn Costelloe (c.1889). After the death of her husband in 1899, Mary moved to Italy to marry Bernard Berenson in 1900 and her mother Hannah, who had moved to London in 1888, took care of Ray and Karin in London. Ray was educated at Kensington High School and then read Mathematics at Newnham College Cambridge (1905-1908). Her cousin, Ellie Rendel (1885-1942), daughter of Elinor Rendel, oldest sister of Oliver Strachey, was a close friend during her school and college days, and particularly when they became involved in the early suffrage activities. In 1909, Ray and Ellie went to Bryn Mawr College in Philadelphia where M Carey Thomas, Ray's second cousin, was President. Ellie later worked for the National Union of Women's Suffrage Society (1909-1912) and for the Scottish Women's Hospital Unit in the Balkans (c.1916-1917). In 1911, Ray married Oliver Strachey, a civil servant. This was his second marriage. They had two children Barbara (1912-1999) and Christopher (1916-1975), who later became a computer scientist. Ray was a tireless campaigner for women's rights. She was a close friend of Millicent Fawcett, the leader of the law-abiding suffragists. In 1915, she was a Parliamentary secretary for the London Society for Women's Suffrage. During World War One, she was a Chair for the Women's Service Bureau and fought for women to be allowed to do all types of war work. From 1930-1939, Ray was the first Chair of the Cambridge University Women's Employment Board and also helped to found the Women's Employment Federation in 1935. She was editor of the feminist newspaper The Common Cause. Ray also stood for Parliament as an Independent candidate in 1915, 1922 and 1923, but was unsuccessful. She was the political private secretary to Viscountess Nancy Astor MP (1929-34). Ray had many publications including: The World at Eighteen (1907); Frances Willard. Her Life and Work (1913); The Cause, (1928); Millicent Garrett Fawcett (1931); Careers and Openings for Women (1935). She died on 16 Jul 1940.
Barbara Halpern Strachey (1912-1999) was born in 1912 to Ray and Oliver Strachey. Her brother Christopher (1916-1975) was a computer scientist. Barbara's education began at St Felix School in Southwold, followed by a period in Vienna during 1928-1929. She read Modern History at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford from 1930-1933. Whilst on a voyage to Australia in 1933, she met her first husband, Toby Hullit, a Finnish purser, and married him when they reached Adelaide. They settled in England and, in the following year, their son, Roger Sven Allen, was born. This marriage ended in divorce in 1935 and Barbara then married Wolf Halpern. Unfortunately, he was killed in an airplane crash in 1943. Barbara worked as a radio producer for the BBC for over forty years. She wrote articles and books including: 'Remarkable relations : the story of the Pearsall Smith family' (London : Gollancz, 1980); 'Ray Strachey - a memoir' in W Chapman and JM Manson, eds., Women in the Milieu of Leonard and Virginia Woolf: Peace, Politics and Education (1998). She died in 1999.
Millicent Garrett Fawcett (1847-1929) was born in Suffolk in 1847, the daughter of Newson and Louisa Garrett and the sister of Samuel Garrett, Agnes Garrett, Louise Smith and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. The sisters' early interest in the issue of women's suffrage and commitment to the Liberal party were heightened after attending a speech given in London by John Stuart Mill in Jul 1865. Though considered too young to sign the petition in favour of votes for women, which was presented to the House of Commons in 1866, Millicent attended the debate on the issue in May 1867. This occurred a month after she married the professor of political economy and radical Liberal MP for Brighton, Henry Fawcett. Throughout their marriage, the future cabinet minister supported his wife's activities while she acted as his secretary due to his blindness. Their only child, Philippa Fawcett, was born the following year and that same month Millicent Garrett Fawcett published her first article, on the education of women. In Jul 1867, Millicent Garrett Fawcett was asked to join the executive committee of the London National Society for Women's Suffrage and was one of the speakers at its first public meeting two years later. She continued her work with the London National Society until after the death of John Stuart Mill in 1874, when she left the organisation to work with the Central Committee for Women's Suffrage. This was a step which she had avoided taking when the latter was formed in 1871 due to its public identification with the campaign for the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. Fawcett, despite her support for the movement's actions, had initially believed that the suffrage movement might be damaged by identification with such controversial work. However, the two groups later merged in 1877 as the new Central Committee for Women's Suffrage and a new executive committee was formed which included Fawcett herself. Her influence helped guide the group towards support for moderate policies and methods. She did little public speaking during this period but after the death of her husband in 1884 and a subsequent period of depression, she was persuaded to become a touring speaker once more in 1886 and began to devote her time to the work of the women's suffrage movement. In addition to women's suffrage Millicent Garrett Fawcett also became involved in the newly created National Vigilance Association, established in 1885, alongside campaigners such as J Stansfeld MP, Mr WT Stead, Mrs Mitchell, and Josephine Butler. In 1894 Fawcett's interest in public morality led her to vigorously campaign against the candidature of Henry Cust as Conservative MP for North Manchester. Cust, who had been known to have had several affairs, had seduced a young woman. Despite marrying Cust's marriage in 1893, after pressure from Balfour, Fawcett felt Cust was unfit for public office. Fawcett's campaign persisted until Cust's resignation in 1895, with some suffrage supporters concerned by Fawcett's doggedness in what they felt was a divisive campaign. In the late nineteenth century, the women's suffrage movement was closely identified with the Liberal Party through its traditional support for their work and the affiliation of many workers such as Fawcett herself. However, the party was, at this time, split over the issue of Home Rule for Ireland. Fawcett herself left the party to become a Liberal Unionist and helped lead the Women's Liberal Unionist Association. When it was proposed that the Central Committee's constitution should be changed to allow political organisations, and principally the Women's Liberal Federation, to affiliate, Fawcett opposed this and became the Honorary Treasurer when the majority of members left to form the Central National Society for Women's Suffrage. However, in 1893 she became one of the leading members of the Special Appeal Committee that was formed to repair the divisions in the movement. On the 19 Oct 1896 she was asked to preside over the joint meetings of the suffrage societies, which resulted in the geographical division of the country and the formation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. She was appointed as the honorary secretary of the Central and Eastern Society that year and became a member of the parliamentary committee of the NUWSS itself. It was not until the parent group's reorganisation in 1907 that she was elected president of the National Union, a position that she would retain until 1919. By 1901, she was already eminent enough to be one of the first women appointed to sit on a Commission of Inquiry into the concentration camps created for Boer civilians by the British during the Boer War. Despite this, her work for suffrage never slackened and she was one of the leaders of the Mud March held in Feb 1907 as well as of the NUWSS procession from Embankment to the Albert Hall in Jun 1908. She became one of the Fighting Fund Committee in 1912 and managed the aftermath of the introduction of the policy, in particular during the North West Durham by-election in 1914, when other members opposed a step that effectively meant supporting the Labour Party when an anti-suffrage Liberal candidate was standing in a constituency. When the First World War broke out in Aug 1914, Fawcett called for the suspension of the NUWSS' political work and a change in activities to facilitate war work. This stance led to divisions in the organisation. The majority of its officers and ten of the executive committee resigned when she vetoed their attendance of a Women's Peace Congress in the Hague in 1915. However, she retained her position in the group. During the war, she also found time to become involved in the issue of women's social, political and educational status in India, an area in which she had become interested through her husband and retained after the conflict came to an end. She remained at the head of the NUWSS when the women's suffrage clause was added to the Representation of the People Act in 1918 and attended the Women's Peace Conference in Paris before lobbying the governments assembled there for the Peace Conference in 1919. She retired in Mar 1919 when the NUWSS became the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship but remained on its executive committee. She also continued her activities as the vice-president of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, to which she had been elected in 1902, for another year. After this she became the Chair of the journal, the 'Women's Leader', and appointed a Dame of the British Empire in 1925. It was in that year that she resigned from both NUSEC and the newspaper's board after opposing the organisation's policy in support of family allowances. She remained active until the end of her life, undertaking a trip to the Far East with her sister Agnes only a short time before her death in 1929.