Philippa Strachey (1872-1968), known as Pippa, was born in 1872 to Lady Jane Maria Strachey and Major Richard Strachey. She was brought up first in India, where her father was a leading figure in the administration, and then in London, where the family moved in 1879. Her mother was active in the movement for women's suffrage and both Philippa and her siblings were encouraged to contribute to this work. In 1906 she became a member of the executive committee of the Central Society for Women's Suffrage and the following year she was elected the secretary of its successor the London Society for Women's Suffrage. In 1906 she joined the London Society for Women's Suffrage, succeeding Edith Palliser as secretary the following year. It was also in 1907 that she joined her mother Lady Jane Maria Strachey in organising what became known as the 'Mud March' at the instigation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and which went from Hyde Park to the Exeter Hall to demand the vote. During the First World War she was deeply involved in various war works, from being the secretary of the Women's Service Bureau for War Workers to participating as a member of the Committee for the London units of the Scottish Women's Hospital from 1914-1919. This war work began her lasting involvement with the issue of women's employment and she remained the secretary of the Women's Service Bureau after 1918 when it became concerned with helping women thrown out of jobs on the return of men from the Front. She remained there until its dissolution, which came in 1922, caused by a financial crisis in the parent organisation. However, subsequently Strachey helped to found a new group to fill the gap, becoming the secretary and then honorary secretary of the Women's Employment Federation. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, family problems took up much of her time as she nursed both her mother and her brother Lytton until their deaths. However, all through this time she remained active in the London Society for Women's Service and when it was renamed the Fawcett Society in 1951, she was asked to be its honorary secretary. It was that year that she was awarded the CBE for her work for women. She subsequently was made a governor of Bedford College. Increasing ill-health slowed the pace of her work and blindness finally forced her to enter a nursing home at the end of her life. She died in 1968.
Lady Jane Maria Strachey (1840-1928) was born on a ship off the Cape of Good Hope in 1840. Her father was the Anglo-Indian administrator Sir John Grant of Rothiemurchus in Speyside, who would later be Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. Her mother was Henrietta Chichele Plowden. In 1859 she married Richard Strachey, her father's secretary and the person who introduced her to the writings of John Stuart Mill. The couple had 13 children with ten surviving into adulthood: Lytton, Richard, Ralph, Oliver, Giles Lytton, Elinor, Dorothea, Philippa, Joan Pernel and Marjorie. The couple were in Edinburgh in 1866-7 and it was there that Lady Strachey helped gather signatures for a petition to parliament requesting the vote for women. She herself published her first article on suffrage in 'The Attempt' printed by the Edinburgh Ladies' Debating Society, which helped to raise interest in the issue in Scotland. By 1868 she was a member of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage before returning to India to be with her husband who had been posted there once more to serve in the administration. The couple went back to London in 1879, where she once again became involved in the movement for women's suffrage. From 1880 she supported the New Hospital for Women of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and continued to financially support Girton College. When the Women's Local Government Society was formed in 1886 in order to promote the claims of women to both elect and be elected to local office, Lady Strachey was one of the organisers and in 1909 she became the Chair of the London branch, liaising between the organisation, candidates and women's suffrage groups. The culmination of this work occurred when a WLGS-sponsored bill was included in the King's speech of 1907 that allowed the election of women to borough and county positions. The same year, she was elected to the executive committee of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and, with her daughters, helped organise what became known as the 'Mud March' from Hyde Park to the Exeter Hall to demand the vote. At the same time as undertaking significant organising duties, she was a keen writer of pamphlets and songs for the group, which were later published as 'Women's Suffrage Songs'. In 1909 she became a member of the editorial board of the Englishwoman's Journal and was elected president of the South Paddington Committee of the London Society for Women's Suffrage. However, in the following years, particularly after the death of her husband in 1909, her activities decreased. None the less, she actively supported the work of her daughter Philippa in the London Society for Women's Suffrage and that of her daughter-in-law Rachel, or Ray, Strachey. In 1920 the Society of Women Journalists still felt able to offer her the position of vice president, but she declined the offer. She died in 1928.
Born, 1901; daughter of Oliver Strachey and his first wife Ruby Mayer, and niece of the critic and biographer Lytton Strachey; a writer, but published few books during her lifetime; wrote sketches and stories for New Writing, the New Statesman and the New Yorker; married firstly Stephen Tomlin (d 1937) and secondly the artist (Sir) Lawrence Gowing (Slade Professor of Fine Art at University College London, 1975-1985; d 1991), 1952; divorced, 1967; died, 1979. Publications: Cheerful weather for the wedding (1932); The man on the pier (1951).
Joan Pernel Strachey (1876-1951) was born in 1876 to Lady Jane Maria Strachey and Major Richard Strachey. She was educated at Allenswood School and Newnham College, Cambridge. After graduating, she lectured on French at Royal Holloway College between 1900-1905, moving to Newnham in 1905. In 1910 she was appointed as a tutor. In 1917 she became Director of Studies in Modern Languages, then in 1923, she was appointed principal of Newnham College. Pernel Strachey remained at Newnham College until her retirement in 1941. After this, she worked as a volunteer in the offices of the London and National Society for Women's Service, of which her sister Philippa was president. Through her family connections, most specifically through her brother Lytton Strachey, she was considered part of the Bloomsbury set. She died in 1951.
Robert Stout trained at the London Hospital, qualifying LRCP, MRCS in December 1940, and after a year as house surgeon at the Connaught Hospital,Walthamstow, qualified MB, BS and DA to become house anaesthetist at the London Hospital. Commissioned in the RAMC in June 1943, he was anaesthetist to a Field Surgical Unit in the British Liberation Army for six months, then to an Indian Mobile Surgical Unit for the last year of the Burma campaign, after which he was based in military hospitals in Bombay and Fayid, Egypt. After a year at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, he became a lecturer in anaesthetics, in Iraq 1947-1948, in Nigeria 1948-1950, again in Iraq 1950-1958 (acting as anaesthetist to King Faisal in 1956), and in Jamaica 1959-1963. He finished his career as consultant anaesthetist to the Medway Health Authority, retiring in 1987.
Denis Herbert Stott (1909-1988) was an educational psychologist who worked on delinquency, behavioural problems, child and adolescent development, and learning difficulties. He was educated at Cambridge, graduating in 1932 with a degree in Modern Languages and Economics. From 1932 to 1946 he taught languages in grammar and secondary modern schools, achieving a Diploma in Education from Oxford in 1943. From 1946 to 1951 Stott worked as a research officer for the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, gaining a PhD from the University of London in 1950, and from 1951 to 1957 he was a Research Fellow at the Institute of Education, University of Bristol. In 1957 he moved to a post as Lecturer in Psychology at the University of Glasgow, from 1966-1968 was Professor and Chairman of the Psychology Department at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada and from 1968 to 1975 was Director of the Centre for Educational Disabilities at Guelph, becoming a Professor Emeritus on his retirement in 1975.
Catherine Mary Charlotte Stott (1907-2002), known as Mary, was born in Leicester. She was the only daughter of two journalists, Robert and Amalie Waddington (née Bates), and had two older brothers. Her uncle, Henry Bates, was a local journalist. For nearly 50 years she worked in newspapers. Mary became interested in politics after accompaning her mother to meetings of local women Liberals during the First World War. Her first memory was of being driven around with a green ribbon in her hat, campaigning in the 1911 general election. After attending Wyggeston Leicester grammar school Mary worked as a temporary copyholder at the Leicester Mail, and then at the age of 19 she was appointed the women's editor. She was unable to join either the Typographical Association or the Correctors of the Press Association because neither accepted women members. In 1931 she moved to the Co-operative Press in Manchester, where she edited the two pages of the weekly Co-op News devoted mainly to reports of the women's co-operative guild, and children's publications. In 1945 she accepted John Beavan's offer of a sub-editing job on the Manchester Evening News. In 1950 she was sacked in order to protect the male succession to the post of chief sub-editor. She spent the next seven years mainly in 'domesticity'. In 1937, Mary married Ken Stott, a journalist at the News Chronicle, always known to her simply as 'K'. They lived in Heaton Moor, Cheshire until he died in 1967, at the age of 56. They had one daughter, a journalist named Catherine. Stott later moved to a flat in Blackheath, south London. In 1957 the then Guardian's editor, Alastair Hetherington, asked Mary to edit the paper's women's page, and she became the women's page editor of the 'Guardian' until 1972. Mary had a keen interest in equal rights for women, but also other forms of discrimination: poverty, unemployment or disability. She was particularly keen on women's financial independence. The Mainly For Women title became, in 1969, Woman's Guardian, which ran until 1973. After a two-year change of tack as Guardian Miscellany, Guardian Women re-emerged, with Stott still a contributor. Stott encouraged women - both professional and non-professional writers - to write articles that were published in her pages, often receiving over 50 unsolicited manuscripts per week. She was a founder member in 1970 of the pressure group Women in Media and last president of the Women's Press Club in 1970. She also established the National Association for Widows, of which she was president from 1993 to 1995. She chaired the Fawcett Society from 1980-1982. Her autobiography, 'Forgetting's No Excuse', was published in 1973 and it focused on her experience of widowhood. Her second volume of memoirs, 'Before I Go' (1985), contained reflections on old age. Stott's other books include: 'Organisation Woman: The Story of the National Union of Townswomen's Guilds' (1978), 'Ageing for Beginners' (1981), 'Women Talking: An Anthology From the Guardian Women's Pages 1922-1953 and 1957-1971' (1987). She was also interested in classical music and in painting. She received several honours: she won the Granada Award for the liveliest daily interest page in journalism in 1971; an honorary fellowship from Manchester Polytechnic in 1972; awarded the OBE for services to journalism in 1975; an honorary MA from the Open University in 1991; and an honorary doctorate from De Montfort University, Leicester, in 1996.
Robert Storrs was born on 23 June 1801, only child of John Storrs, a baker and provision dealer of Doncaster, and his wife Elizabeth (née Robertshaw). Robert was apprenticed for several years to a local surgeon, John Moore and an apothecary, Benjamin Popplewell, before leaving in August 1822 to spend two years walking the wards of Guy's Hospital, London. Whilst there he presented four papers to the Guy's Hospital Physical Society. In London he met his future wife, Martha Townsend, whom he eventually married in March 1827. They had thirteen children, of whom twelve survived their father.
Storrs returned to Doncaster in June 1824 to set up as a sole practitioner in the town. In July 1830 he was appointed honorary surgeon to Doncaster Dispensary. He was heavily involved in treating victims of cholera in 1832. In 1835 he was elected a municipal councillor on a Reform ticket, and in 1837 was one of the founder members of the Doncaster Lyceum. The extent to which his practice had prospered can be gauged from the census return for his household in 1841, when it comprised in addition to family members, a governess, two surgeon apprentices, and one male and four female servants. Storrs later took a close interest in puerperal or childbed fever as a result of the notorious outbreak which struck Doncaster in 1841, and he subsequently published the results of his investigations in the Provincial Medical Journal. He died of typhus on 14 September 1847.
Hillel (Gilel) Storch, was a Latvian Jew and Swedish resident, who helped save the lives of thousands of European Jews during the Nazi era. Born in Dvinsk, Latvia, he went to Riga where he was engaged in his father's world-wide business activities. He arrived in Stockholm in 1940 in transit to the USA. He decided to stay in Sweden primarily to keep in closer touch with his relatives who remained in Latvia. Before he arrived in Sweden he was already an active Zionist, having represented the Jewish Agency in Dvinsk and participated in the promotion of the emigration of 3000 Latvian Jews to Palestine. In Sweden he continued to work as a representative of the Jewish Agency (the forerunner to the Jewish government in Palestine). At the same time he represented the World Jewish Congress in Sweden. He was actively involved with promoting Zionist causes including providing assistance for Israel's war of independence. His most significant achievements were the rescue of some 20,000 Jewish and non-Jewish concentration camp inmates and the provision of humanitarian aid to concentration camp inmates.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.
Stopford entered the Navy in 1780, passed as lieutenant in 1784 and was promoted to captain in 1790. He served in the Channel and the West Indies until 1802 but on the resumption of hostilities was appointed to the SPENCER in the Channel Fleet until 1805. Between 1806 and 1807 he was Member of Parliament for Ipswich. After further service in the West Indies, he was promoted to rear-admiral in 1808 and went to the East Indies as Commander-in-Chief until 1813. He was promoted to vice-admiral in 1812 and admiral in 1825. In 1827 Stopford was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, and after holding office for the usual term of three years, was on half-pay until 1837 when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. His period of command included the Syrian campaign and the bombardment of Acre, 1840. In 1841 be was appointed Governor of Greenwich Hospital.
Montagu Stopford, nephew of Admiral the Hon Sir Robert Stopford, entered the Navy in 1810. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1819 and to captain in 1825. After intermittent service on various stations he was promoted to rear-admiral in 1853. He was Captain of the Fleet during the Crimean War and between 1855 and 1858 was Superintendent of Malta Dockyard. He became a vice-admiral in 1858.
Robert Stopford, son of the Hon. Sir Robert Stopford, entered the Navy in 1825 and was promoted lieutenant in 1831. He was present at the siege of Acre, 1840, and was sent home with his father's despatches after the action. In 1841 he was promoted to captain and commanded the TALBOT in the Mediterranean for one year, employed for some of the time in surveying the Skerki Channel off Sardinia. He commanded the ASIA, 1848 to 1851, in the Pacific Squadron under Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) Sir Phipps Hornby. He was promoted to Rear-Admiral in 1860, Vice-Admiral in 1866 and Admiral in 1871.
Marie Stopes was the eldest daughter of the anthropologist Henry Stopes and Charlotte Stopes, the writer on sixteenth-century literature. Marie was educated in Edinburgh and London. She obtained a first class honours degree and was a gold medallist at University College London. She studied for her Ph.D. in Munich. Marie was the first woman to be appointed to the science staff of the University of Manchester in 1904. She went to Japan on a Scientific Mission in 1907, spent a year and a half at the Imperial University, Tokyo, and explored the country for fossils. She specialised in coal mines and fossil plants. She founded, jointly with H. V. Roe, the Mothers' Clinic for Constructive Birth-Control, 1921 (the first birth control clinic in the world). Marie was President of the Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress. She was also Fellow and sometime Lecturer in Palaeobotany at University College London and Lecturer in Palaeobotany at the University of Manchester. She published many books, mainly concerning botany and birth control.
Charlotte Stopes was born in Edinburgh, the daughter of Jas.F.Carmichael, a landscape painter. She was educated in Edinburgh and went to women's university classes (before Scottish universities opened to women in 1892). She took the highest certificates then possible, and a diploma in eight subjects including literature, philosophy and science, achieving a first class honours. She married in 1879 Henry Stopes, architect, civil engineer and anthropologist, and had two daughters, one of whom was Marie Stopes. After marriage, Charlotte travelled over Europe and up the Nile to the Cataracts. She then settled in Upper Norwood and founded a discussion society for ladies and a Shakespeare reading society, the Shakespeare Association. She also lectured in subjects relating to women and to Shakespeare. She received an Award of the British Academy for her 'Shakespeare's Industry' in 1916. In her early days she wrote some stories for Chambers's Juvenile Series, and later wrote many books and articles mostly related to Shakespeare.
The Stop the War Coalition (StWC) (informally just Stop the War) is an anti-war group set up on 21 September 2001. The coalition has opposed the various wars that are claimed to be part of the ongoing war on terrorism. It has been the most prominent group in Britain campaigning against the war in Afghanistan and the Iraq War. The demonstration against the latter on 15 February 2003, which it organised in association with Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and the Muslim Association of Britain, is claimed to be the largest public demonstration in British history. The Coalition continues to campaign actively through demonstrations and other means at continuing military involvement in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the foreign policy of the US and the UK.
No further information.
The Stooks family lived in Portman Square and Bedford Square. They had estates in Canada and Gibraltar.
Born, 1828; Education: Trinity College, Dublin. BA (1850), MA (1870); MEng; Career: Conducted railway surveys, Spain (1852-1853); resident engineer on the construction of the Boyne Viaduct; Engineer, Dublin Port and Docks Board (1862-1898); Memberships: MICE; MICE, Ireland (President); MRIA; RDS; FRGS; MINA; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1881; died, 1909.
Twickenham Park covered over 160 acres of which about a third were in Isleworth parish. The Twickenham Park estate was gradually broken-up and more houses were built, particularly after the 1850s. The process continued well into the 20th century, until the whole of the former Twickenham Park was covered in housing.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
If a person died intestate (without a valid will) their money, goods and possessions passed to their next of kin through an administration (or letters of administration) which had the same form in law as a will.
A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Born in Dublin, 1803; eldest son of William Stokes, MD, Regius Professor of Physic, Dublin, by his wife Mary Black; entered and left St Columba's College at Rathfarnham, County Dublin, 1845; his early sources included the Primer of the Irish Language of Denis Coffey (Irish teacher at St Columba's), John O'Donovan's Grammar of the Irish Language (published in 1845 at the expense of St Columba's), and Edward O'Reilly's Irish dictionary; entered Trinity College Dublin, 1847; graduated BA, 1851; became acquainted with the Irish antiquary George Petrie, the Irish scholar and topographer John O'Donovan, and the Irish scholar Eugene O'Curry, and laid a broad foundation for Irish learning; chose to devote himself to the study of the words and forms of the Irish language, regarding Irish literature as chiefly interesting in furnishing material for comparative philology; became friends with Rudolf Thomas Siegfried, a philologist from Tübingen, first assistant librarian of Trinity College (later Professor of Sanskrit and comparative philology); influenced by the publication of John Caspar Zeuss's Grammatica Celtica (1853), which opened a vast field of philological research pursued by Stokes until his death; took lessons in Irish from John O'Donovan, but never acquired its pronunciation; became a student of the Inner Temple, 1851; called to the bar, 1855; pupil of A Cayley, H M Cairns, and T Chitty; practised as an equity draftsman and conveyancer; received the gold medal of the Royal Irish Academy for A Mediæval Tract on Latin Declension (1860); went to Madras, 1862; later went to Calcutta; continued his Irish studies in India; reporter to the High Court, Madras; Acting Administrator-General, 1863-1864; Secretary to the Governor-General's Legislative Council; Secretary to the Government of India in the Legislative Department, 1865-1877; Companion of the Order of the Star of India, 1877; Law Member of the Council of Governor-General, 1877-1882; appointed President of the Indian Law Commission, 1879; drafted many Indian Consolidation Acts, the bulk of the codes of civil and criminal procedure, and other Acts; Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire, 1879; framed a scheme for collecting and cataloguing Sanskrit MSS in India; left India, 1882; for the rest of his life, resided chiefly in Kensington; an original fellow of the British Academy, 1902; foreign associate of the Institute of France; Honorary Fellow of Jesus College Oxford; Honorary DCL, Oxford; Honorary LLD Dublin and Edinburgh; honorary member, German Oriental Society; died in Kensington, 1909. Publications (philological) include: `Irish Glosses from a MS in Trinity College, Dublin', Transactions of the Philological Society of London (1859); A Mediæval Tract on Latin Declension, with Examples explained in Latin and the Lorica of Gildas, with the Gloss thereon and Glosses from the Book of Armagh (Irish Archæological and Celtic Society, Dublin, 1860); Goidelica. Old and early-middle-Irish glosses, prose and verse (Calcutta, 1866; 2nd edition London, 1872); edited Fis Adamnain (Simla, 1870); edited Felire Oengusso Celi De. The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee (Royal Irish Academy, 1871; Henry Bradshaw Society, 1905); edited Three Middle-Irish Homilies on the lives of Saints Patrick, Brigit and Columba (Calcutta, 1877); edited Togail Troi (Calcutta, 1882); 'Celtic Declension', Transactions of the Philological Society (1885-1886); edited The Tripartite Life of St Patrick (2 volumes, Rolls Series, 1887); 'Lives of Saints from the Book of Lismore', Anecdota Oxoniensia (Oxford,1890); with Professor Bezzenberger, Urkeltischer Sprachschatz (1894); with Marianus Gorman, Felire hui Gormain. The Martyrology of Gorman (Henry Bradshaw Society, 1895); with John Strachan, Thesaurus Palæohibernicus. A collection of Old-Irish glosses, scholia, prose and verse (3 volumes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1901-1910); with Professor Ernst Windisch, edited a series of Irische Texte (Leipzig, 1884-1909) including In Cath Catharda. The Civil War of the Romans. An Irish version of Lucan's Pharsalia, published posthumously by Windisch (1909); many smaller collections of Irish, Welsh and Breton glosses; papers on grammatical subjects; other editions and translations of Irish literature; edited the Cornish works Gwreansan Bys (1864), Beumans Meriasek. The Life of Saint Meriasek, Bishop and Confessor (London, 1872), and Middle-Breton Hours (Calcutta, 1876). Publications (legal) include: A Treatise on the Liens of Legal Practitioners (London, 1860); Powers of Attorney (London, 1861); edited Hindu Law Books (Madras, 1865); The Indian Succession Act (Calcutta, 1865); The Indian Companies' Act (1866); The older Statutes in force in India (1874); edited The Anglo-Indian Codes (2 volumes, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1887-1888), with supplements (1889-1891). Bibliography by Professor R I Best in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, viii, pp 351-406 (1911).
Stokes entered the Navy in 1824 and joined the BEAGLE the following year. He served in her for eighteen years, surveying first in South American and then in Australian waters. He was Assistant Surveyor under Robert Fitzroy (1805-1865) during the voyage of 1831 to 1836 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1837. When, in 1841, John Clements Wickham (1798-1864) was invalided during the Australian survey, Stokes took command of the BEAGLE and completed the commission, returning to England in 1843. He was promoted to captain in 1846. From 1847 to 1851 he commanded the ACHERON on the survey of New Zealand. His last employment was in the English Channel survey, 1859 to 1863. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1864, vice-admiral in 1871 and admiral in 1877.
Adrian Durham Stokes (1902-1972), painter and writer, was analysed by Melanie Klein for seven years during the 1930s and again for a brief period 1946-1947. He applied her psychoanalytic ideas to aesthetic theory in a number of influential works published during the 1950s and 1960s.
The Stoke Newington Synagogue was established in 1887, and admitted as a Constituent member of the United Synagogue in 1903. Dalston Synagogue was incorporated into it in 1967.
Stoke Newington Magistrates Court:
For the purposes of petty sessional business, Stoke Newington parish fell within the Finsbury Division until 1853. In that year it was transferred to Edmonton Division. In April 1890, with the formation of the county of London within which Stoke Newington was situated, it became a petty sessional division in its own right.
History of magistrates courts:
An Act of 1792 established seven 'Public Offices' (later Police offices and Police courts) in the central Metropolitan area. The aim was to establish fixed locations where 'fit and able magistrates' would attend at fixed times to deal with an increasing number of criminal offences.
Offices were opened in St Margaret Westminster, St James Westminster, Clerkenwell, Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Shadwell and Southwark. An office in Bow Street, Covent Garden, originally the home of the local magistrate, had been operating for almost 50 years and was largely the model for the new offices.
In 1800 the Marine Police Office or Thames Police Office, opened by 'private enterprise' in 1798, was incorporated into the statutory system. In 1821 an office was opened in Marylebone, apparently replacing the one in Shadwell.
Each office was assigned three Justices of the Peace. They were to receive a salary of £400 per annum. These were the first stipendiary magistrates. Later they were expected to be highly qualified in the law, indeed, to be experienced barristers. This distinguished them from the local lay justices who after the setting up of Police Offices were largely confined, in the Metropolitan area, to the licensing of innkeepers. In addition each office could appoint up to six constables to be attached to it.
The commonly used term of 'Police Court' was found to be misleading. The word 'police' gave the impression that the Metropolitan Police controlled and administered the courts. This was never the case, the word 'police' was being used in its original meaning of 'pertaining to civil administration', 'regulating', etc.
In April 1965 (following the Administration of Justice Act 1964) the London Police Courts with their stipendiary magistrates were integrated with the lay magistrates to form the modern Inner London Magistrates' Courts.
The police courts dealt with a wide range of business coming under the general heading of 'summary jurisdiction', i.e. trial without a jury. The cases heard were largely criminal and of the less serious kind. Over the years statutes created many offences that the courts could deal with in addition to Common Law offences. Examples include: drunk and disorderly conduct, assault, theft, begging, possessing stolen goods, cruelty to animals, desertion from the armed forces, betting, soliciting, loitering with intent, obstructing highways, and motoring offences. Non-criminal matters included small debts concerning income tax and local rates, landlord and tenant matters, matrimonial problems and bastardy.
Offences beyond the powers of the Court would normally be passed to the Sessions of the Peace or Gaol Delivery Sessions in the Old Bailey (from 1835 called the Central Criminal Court). From the late 19th century such cases would be the subject of preliminary hearings or committal proceedings in the magistrates' courts.
Outside the London Police Court Area but within the administrative county of Middlesex lay justices continued to deal with both criminal offences and administrative matters such as the licensing of innkeepers.
The exact area covered by a Court at any particular time can be found in the Kelly's Post Office London Directories, available on microfilm at LMA. The entries are based on the original Orders-in-Council establishing police court districts. A map showing police court districts is kept in the Information Area of LMA with other reference maps. Please ask a member of staff for assistance.
Winchmore Hill is a district in the Borough of Enfield, North London.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The Stockton and Darlington Railway was built to carry coal from the collieries of West Durham to the port of Stockton. In 1821, Edward Pease and a group of businessmen formed the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company. Royal Assent for the project was given in 1821, and building started the following year. The railway was opened in 1825, the first locomotive railway in Britain.
Mary Stocks (1891-1975) was the daughter of Roland Danvers, a General Practitioner, and Helen Constance Rendel. She was educated at St. Paul's Girls' School, London and at the London School of Economics (LSE) where she studied economics, graduating in 1913. In 1913 she married John Leofric Stocks. Mary went on to have an academic career at the University of Oxford, LSE, King's College of Household and Social Science, Manchester University and Westfield College London, of which she was Principal from 1939-1951. Whilst still at school, Mary had become a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). She carried a banner in the 1907 'Mud March' and stewarded at meetings, distributed literature, attended conferences and addressed street corner meetings. In 1914 she became a member of the Executive Committee of the NUWSS and in 1928 remained involved in the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship. In addition she was active in the birth control movement and was a member of various royal commissions and statutory committees, including the Unemployment Statutory Committee. Mary Stocks also wrote and broadcast widely. Her publications include 'The Industrial State: A Social and Economic History of England' (1921), 'The Case for Family Endowment' (1927), a biography of Eleanor Rathbone and histories of district nursing, the Manchester University Settlement and the Workers Educational Association. In addition, she published two autobiographical volumes, 'My Commonplace Book' (1970), which contains an account of her suffrage activities, and 'Still more commonplace' (1973). She was created a life peer in 1966. She died in 1975.
Born, 1759; Foreign Member of the Royal Society, 1819; died, 1829.
The Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust, 2000, brought together presidents, prime ministers and other high-ranking ministers and officials from 40 countries to discuss how to keep Holocaust remembrance alive; the lessons to be drawn; and how best to pass on the knowledge of the fact to future generations.
Joan Stocker was a pupil of William Henry Reed (1876-1942), the English violinist and composer, who was the leader of the London Symphony Orchestra from 1912-1935, and also taught violin at the Royal College of Music for many years.
John Stockdale was born in Cumberland in about 1749. Though trained as a blacksmith, he later became a porter in London to the publisher John Almon. When Almon's business was taken over by John Debrett, Stockdale set up his own publishing firm (c 1783). He became a well-known and successful publisher, bookseller and mapseller, with a shop in Picadilly, opposite the Burlington Arcade. He died in 1814.
Born, 1 April 1876, Clifton, Bristol; educated at Clifton School, before entering Bristol University and then the Bristol Royal Infirmary to study medicine. He graduated in 1900, and became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons and a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians; immediately after graduating Stock joined the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC); posted to South Africa, where he was appointed Regimental Medical Officer with the 8th Hussars; South Africa, 1902-1914, holding various medical posts including Medical Officer of Health of Johannesburg, where he was responsible for the underground sanitation of the gold mines; Director of Medical Services of the Union of South Africa, 1913; organised the medical services for the force invading German South-West Africa, 1914; introduced compulsory anti-typhoid inoculations for the entire force; towards the end of the Southwest African campaign Stock reorganised medical services for the South African contingent in Europe; recalled to German East Africa in 1917, where there were high casualties from disease, and reorganised the medical services there.
He returned to Europe in 1918, and served in France as Officer Commanding a General Hospital, and as Medical Adviser on Native Labour; member of the Inter-Allied Sanitary Conference 1917-18; received the CB and CBE, and was mentioned in dispatches; admitted to the honorary fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh; joined the newly formed Ministry of Health, 1920; between the two World Wars, Stock undertook epidemiological work, investigating outbreaks of plague, cholera, typhus, malaria and other diseases; his main interest was in port sanitation and international quarantine conventions, becoming a leading world expert on the subject; represented South Africa at the twice-yearly meetings in Paris of the Office Internationale d'Hygiene Publique; in Britain he became a Deputy Senior Medical Officer, Ministry of Health, 1935; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, 1937; Senior Medical Officer of the Ministry of Health, 1940; retired, 1941, but rejoined as a temporary Medical Officer; chaired the preliminary committee in London, which resulted in the new International Sanitary Conventions of 1944 reflecting the hygiene implications of air travel; During the Second World War Stock was made responsible for the health of people in air-raid shelters in London, helping, for example, to eradicate a species of mosquito (culex molestus), in London Underground wastewater; chaired wartime Committee on Louse Infestation; retired from the Ministry of Health at the end of the war; awarded the Medaille de la Reconnaissance Francaise by the French Government for his services to the Free French forces; became a part-time consultant to the World Health Organisation (WHO), serving as chairman of the Quarantine Commission of their Interim Commission; accompanied the Director General of WHO on an extensive tour of tropical Africa; finally retired to Ramsbury, Wiltshire, although he continued to act as a consultant to WHO; chaired its Committee on Quarantine and occasionally undertook missions to West Africa; in Ramsbury he played a prominent role in the affairs of the village, and was affectionately known to the inhabitants as "Colonel Stock"; died 95 days before his 100th birthday, on 27 December 1975.
Stoatley Rough School was founded by Dr Hilde Lion in 1934 as a mixed boarding school, mainly for refugee children from Nazi Europe. It was recognised by the Ministry of Education in 1940. After World War Two, a number of British pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds were sent to the school by local authorities. It was also attended by private boarders. Stoatley Rough was run as a non-profit-making concern, and was closed upon the retirement of Dr Lion in 1960. The Stoatley Rough School History Steering Committee (later the Stoatley Rough School Association) was constituted in July 1991 following a reunion, and is dedicated to preserving, cataloguing and researching the historical records of the School.
Expeditions in Persia and Afghanistan, 1828-1829; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1868-1873.
A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.
Probate (also called proving a will) is the process of establishing the validity of a will, which was recorded in the grant of probate.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Alicia Still was the daughter of Henry Lloyd Still, Ceylon Civil Service, of Walton by Clevedon, Somerset. She was educated at home, and at the Nightingale Training School, St Thomas's Hospital.
Still was appointed as Sister, St Thomas's Hospital; Matron, Brompton Hospital; Matron, Middlesex Hospital; Matron St Thomas's Hospital and Superintendent Nightingale Training School, St Thomas's Hospital, 1913-1937.
She was also a Member of Queen Alexandra's Army Nursing Board and Imperial Nursing Service Committee; President Association of Hospital Matrons, 1919-1937; President International Council of Nurses, 1933-1937; President Florence Nightingale International Memorial Foundation and Chairman of Committee of Management, 1934-1939; Vice-President National Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee and member of Executive Committee; International Florence Nightingale Medal, 1933, of the League of Red Cross Societies.
Created DBE, 1934; CBE 1917; RRC; Lady of Grace of Order of Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England.
She died 23 July 1944.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
Upham Park Road is situated off King Road, Chiswick, near Acton Green Common.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
The Ferme Park estate was developed by the Streatham and Imperial Estate Company in the 1880s.
Shaftesbury Road runs between Crouch Hill and Hornsey Rise, in the Stroud Green area of Islington borough.
Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer was born in the Netherlands in 1881; Research Field:
Mathematics; Foreign Member of the Royal Society, 1948; died, 1966.
Captain A G Stigand was Resident Magistrate of Toteng, Ngamiland, administrator of the Batawana Reserve and the head of the Bechuanaland Protectorate Police in the region, 1910-1923. Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1910-1950 (resigned).
William Stewart, eldest son of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Houston Stewart (1791-1875), entered the Navy in 1835. He became a lieutenant in 1842, a commander in 1848 and a captain in 1854. In 1860 he joined the MARLBOROUGH as Flag-Captain to Sir William Fanshawe Martin (1801-1895), in the Mediterranean, where he remained for three years. The rest of his service was in administrative appointments. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1870 and from July of that year was Admiral Superintendent of Devonport Dockyard until the end of 1871, when he was appointed in the same capacity to Portsmouth. From 1872 to 1881 he was Controller of the Navy, although without a seat on the Board of Admiralty. He became a vice-admiral in 1876 and admiral in 1881, when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Devonport. Here he remained for the full period of three years and retired in 1885.
See sub-fonds level descriptions for individual biographies.