This company was established in Liverpool in 1891, as State Fire Insurance Company, to cover fire insurance in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America. It was renamed State Assurance Company in 1910 at which time it expanded into general insurance business. In 1924 it became a subsidiary of Royal Exchange Assurance (CLC/B/107-02) which in turn merged with Guardian Assurance in 1968, forming Guardian Royal Exchange.
The State Children Aid Association was formed in 1896 with the aim "to obtain individual treatment for children under the guardianship of the state", following a report on poor law schools.
Born 1928; joined Army 1946; attended Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, 1947-1948; 2 Lieutenant, Suffolk Regiment, 1948; served in Middle East and Far East, including Malaya, 1950; School of Infantry, Hythe, 1950; Lieutenant, 1950; Captain, 1 East Anglian Regiment (Royal Norfolk and Suffolk), 1954; temporary Major, 1959; transferred to Parachute Regiment as Major, 1961; served in Cyprus, 1966; Aden (Yemen), 1967; and Northern Ireland; Lieutenant Colonel, 1968; Regimental Colonel, 1972; served on Staff of Gen Alexander Haig, Supreme Commander Allied Powers in Europe (SHAPE); Deputy Commander, South West District, 1978-1981; retired 1982; Secretary, Western Wessex Territorial Auxiliary and Volunteer Reserve Association, 1982-1987; died 1996.
Publications: Soldier On! The Testament of a Tom, (Kent: Spellmount Ltd., 1992)
Walter Fitzwilliam Starkie was the first Professor of Spanish at Trinity College, Dublin, and an authority on Spanish literature and gypsy culture. He is best known as a translator of Spanish literature and drama, and for serving as the director of the Abbey Theare, Dublin, for 17 years. His sister, Enid Mary Starkie, taught French at Somerville College, Oxford.
Star Fire Insurance Company was founded in 1845. It had offices at Moorgate. The company was acquired by Manchester Fire in 1853.
The Star Brewery Company Limited of Eastbourne, East Sussex, was incorporated in October 1886. It was acquired by Courage, Barclay and Simonds in approximately 1965. The brewery ceased production in 1967.
The Stapletons were an old landed family in Carlton, North Yorkshire. Their seat was Carlton Hall. Thomas Stapleton's son Miles claimed the title of Baron Beaumont in 1840.
The author qualified MD at Trinity Medical College, Toronto in 1899. In 1905 he was with Manson-Bahr at the London School of Tropical Medicine. In the next year he went to Kuala Lumpur in Malaya and devoted himself to the study of beri-beri, and its relation to a rice diet. He proved that the 'polished' grain lacked certain components, and so caused this deficiency disease, and from this theory the idea of 'Vitamins' was later developed. He also did valuable research on mosquitoes. In 1920 he was Director of the Malaria Bureau, and received his KCMG in 1934 [cf. BMJ 1938, i, pp. 312, 313].
Hannah Stanton was born on 30 November 1913. She was educated privately at Summerleigh, Teddington, and went on to read English at London University, and to take a diploma in Social Science at the School of Economics. She worked for some time as a Hospital Almoner in Liverpool and London. From 1947 to 1948 she worked with the Friends Relief Service with refugees in post war Europe. In 1954, she began a Theology degree at Oxford.
Following the completion of her degree in August 1956, she visited her brother Tom who worked for the Community of the Resurrection in South Africa. She became involved in the Tumelong Mission in Lady Selborne, a black township near Pretoria, and in December 1956 took over as Warden. Whilst working at the Mission, she endeavoured to undertake her spiritual and material work for the people of Lady Selbourne despite the forces of apartheid. However, following the increased violence and activities of the police culminating in the Sharpeville Massacre of 21 March 1960, she found herself under surveillance. On 30 March 1960 she was arrested and held without charge, and without access to a lawyer until 21 May 1960, when she was deported. During this time she was held at Pretoria Central Gaol. She shared a cell with Helen Joseph. In 1962 she worked as Warden for the Mary Stuart Women's Hall at Makere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Following her return to England she wrote Go Well, Stay Well: South Africa, August 1956 to May 1960, describing her experiences in South Africa. Once she had returned home to Hampton Hill, she became involved in various campaigns including support for the Anti-Apartheid Movement. She also served as Secretary and Assistant Treasurer of the United Kingdom and Ireland Group of the World Conference on Religions and Peace. Hannah Stanton died on 9 December 1993.
Hugh Stannus Stannus, consulting physician and specialist in tropical diseases was appointed Medical Officer to the King's African Rifles in British Central Africa [Malawi], in 1905 and carried out research into various tropical diseases particularly pellagra and sleeping sickness. He made an intense study of anthropology and ethnology and published a monograph on the Wa-Yao people. He was elected FRCP in 1931. In 1914 he became principal medical officer of the Nyasa-Rhodesian forces operating in Southern German East Africa [Tanganiyka (Tanzania)].
Born John Rowlands, Wales, 1841; St Asaph Workhouse, 1847-1856; ran away to sea, 1858, and landed in New Orleans, here he changed his name to Henry Morton Stanley; joined the Confererate Army, 1861; enlisted in the Union Army; served as a clerk at the frigate Minnesota, 1864; worked as a free-lance journalist; newspaper correspondent, Turkey and Asia Minor; special correspondent for the New York Herald, 1867-1868; expedition to East Africa to find Livingstone, 1871; Royal Geographical Society (RGS), Patron's Medal, 1872; expedition to central Africa, 1874-1877; Honorary Fellow of the RGS, 1878-1904; lecturing tour in the United States, 1886; led the relief expedition in search of Emin Pasha, 1886-1890; sat in Parliament, 1895-1900; died, 1904.
Contact the Archive for further information.
Philip Dormer Stanhope was born in London on 22 September 1694. Stanhope was educated at home by private tutors and at the age of eighteen he went to Trinity Hall, Cambridge. After spending two years at university, Stanhope left England to visit Antwerp, The Hague and Paris. Later he was appointed Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales and entered the House of Commons as a Whig member for St. Germans, Cornwall. He was again elected to the Commons in 1722 as the member for Lostwithiel. On the death of his father in January 1726, Stanhope became the Fourth Earl of Chesterfield. In 1727, Chesterfield was appointed Ambassador to the Dutch Republic. As ambassador, Chesterfield negotiated Britain's way into the Treaty of Vienna in 1731. For his services, Chesterfield was appointed Lord Steward of the King's Household and made a knight of the garter in 1730. In the House of Lords Chesterfield spoke out against Walpole's administration. He also voiced his opposition by writing essays for opposition periodicals such as Fogs Journal and Common Sense. Chesterfield was appointed to the office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, a post he held for eight months between 1745-1746. He left Ireland on 23 April 1746 to become the Secretary of State for the Northern Department on 29 October 1746. Chesterfield resigned his secretaryship in February 1748. On retiring Chesterfield spent much time and money building Chesterfield House in South Audley Street, Mayfair, London. Although Chesterfield made his last speech in the House of Lords in 1755 he continued to offer his skills as a negotiator to the king. He died at Chesterfield House on 24 March 1773.
Born 1583 or 1854; Stanhope paid Secretary Winwood £10,000 for the barony of Shelford, 1616; Nottinghamshire commission of the peace; earldom of Chesterfield and in December, 1628; because of his royalist support he was sent to prison, 1643 and his lands were sequestered; had his allowance withdrawn by parliament, 1654; died, 1656.
The attribution of this MS. to Stanhope is based on the internal evidence of the entries: the first on fol. E.2. which speaks of a 'remedye for ranke Styans...tryed upon my owne childe Arthur Stanhope', the second on Fol. A.4. 'A Plaister for an Ague taught me by my Sonne Ferdinandos wife'. On A.3v the name of 'K. Chesterfield' appears and is presumably that of Stanhope's first wife, the daughter of Lord Francis Hastings, who died in 1636. On fol. B.2, is a reference to my Brother [in law] George Hastings.
Charles Stanhope was born in London and educated at Eton College and the University of Geneva. He became MP for High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, in 1780, keeping the seat until 1786, when he became Earl Stanhope on his father's death. Politically, his opinions were liberal and strongly democratic: he supported the abolition of slavery and was sympathetic to religious dissenters and to the French Revolution. Stanhope was also strongly interested in science: he became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1772 and conceived several inventions, including a new type of printing press. William Pitt the Younger was his brother-in-law from his first marriage and Lady Hester Stanhope, who travelled widely in the Middle East, was his eldest daughter.
Wilhelmina Stirling (1865-1965) was a collector of artefacts. She was the younger sister of the painter Evelyn De Morgan, a member of the Pre-Raphaelite art circle.
Sir Charles Villiers Stanford, born Dublin, 30 Sep 1852; educated, Henry Tilney Bassett's school, Dublin; entered Queens' College, Cambridge, as choral scholar, 1870; elected assistant conductor to Cambridge University Musical Society (CUMS), 1871; appointed organist of Trinity College, 1873; third class in classical tripos, 1874; studied in Germany with Carl Reinecke, Robert Papperitz and Friedrich Kiel, 1874-1876; received acclaim for a number of his compositions, including his First Symphony (second prize, Alexandra Palace competition, 1876) and incidental music for Tennyson's play Queen Mary (1876); resumed as conductor of CUMS, 1877; used CUMS to bring major artists to Cambridge, performed as pianist in chamber concerts there and conducted first English performances of works by Brahms; as organist of Trinity (resigned 1892), composed some of his most well known sacred music including his Morning, Communion and Evening Services in B flat (1879) and was responsible for bringing major performers to Trinity for organ recitals; appointed Professor of Composition and conductor of the orchestra, Royal College of Music, 1883; appointed Professor of Music, Cambridge University, 1887; oversaw centenary celebrations for CUMS, 1893; conductor of the Bach Choir, (1886-1902), Leeds Philharmonic Society (1897-1909) and Leeds Triennial Festival (1901-1910); knighted, 1902; died, London, 29 Mar 1924. Selected publications: Studies and Memories (London, 1908); Musical Composition: a Short Treatise for Students (London, 1911); Brahms and his Music (London, 1912); Pages from an Unwritten Diary (London, 1914); Interludes, Records and Reflections (London,1922).
Following the disappearance of the old non-statutory Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee, there was no longer any forum in which those responsible for the provision of legal education could discuss matters of common concern; nor was there any regular machinery for communication between the world of legal education and the new statutory Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Education and Conduct (ACLEC). The then ACLEC Chairman, Lord Griffiths, therefore suggested the creation of a new forum in the shape of the Standing Conference on Legal Education (SCLE), and offered his own services as Chairman; meetings were also to be held at ACLEC. Financial support came from the Law Society and the Bar; an elected secretary was to carry out administrative work. The Conference meets six monthly: representatives include both the practising professions and academic lawyers. It consists of 22 members nominated by the legal profession and by the main providers of legal education; these include the Bar, the Law Society, Inns of Court School of Law, Inns of Court and Bar Educational Trust (formerly Council of Legal Education), the College of Law, the Association of Law Teachers, the Society of Public Teachers of Law, the Heads of University Law Schools, Legal Education and Training Group, Institute of Legal Executives, ACLEC and the Lord Chancellor's Department. The Conference offers advice and assistance to ACLEC; no formal links between the two have been created as the attendance of meetings by the ACLEC Chairman and Secretary has rendered this unnecessary.
The Standing Conference for Local History:
The Standing Conference for Local History was one of a number of bodies parented by the National Council for Social Service with a view to promoting the social and cultural well-being and activities of local communities. NCSS had taken an early interest in county local history work. In 1934 a Local History Sub-Committee was set up with the initial object of obtaining grants to assist development of local history work in rural areas, and in 1936 the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust allocated an annual grant for three years, to start in 1937, for an NCSS 'Local History Fund for Villages' The Sub-Committee set out the type and terms of assistance from the fund, but the Second World War intervened before real progress could be made, and matters lapsed until 1947. The Sub-Committee was revived in September of that year, and the NCSS soon took still more positive action by replacing it in December 1948 with the Standing Conference for Local History and so created the first national co-ordinating body for local history.
Although it does not show too clearly in the SCLH archives, the bedrock structure within which it functioned and which was crucial to its progress was the encouragement by the NCSS of its most important organisational adjuncts, the county-based Rural Community Councils, to promote and adopt a parallel parental role to County Local History Councils/Committees. Just as the NCSS provided a secretarial and administrative base for voluntary activity at a national level, the RCC's did this at county level, allowing the establishment as time went on of an increasingly viable and effective linkage between local societies and individual local historians, Local History Councils, and the Standing Conference. This linkage has been an important and arguably a key factor in the phenomenal post-war growth in interest in and enthusiasm for local history studies. It brought with it, no less importantly, the very needful link between the professional and the 'amateur' devotee of local studies which has both stimulated and vindicated that growth.
In its thirty three years of existence, SCLH was never permitted the luxury of complacency, being always too aware of the nagging of its grass roots volunteer constituency, whether at learned institution or parish pump level, for more effort at everything. All in all, the Standing Conference did a successful and important pioneer job, to be remembered with affection and recorded with respect.
The SCLH archives, despite some deficiencies, provide a reasonably good picture of its ambitions and the development of its activities and influence. Because the NCSS stood in loco parentis to it, it seems likely that the archives of the parent body will provide supplementary evidence of its work, not least in respect of the amount and disposition of its funding, which was always an NCSS responsibility.
The British Association for Local History:
The National Council for Social Service was itself replaced in the 1980's by the National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) and this reflected, among other changes of emphasis, a requirement that the bodies previously funded by the NCSS should become independent, self-funding bodies. As part of this process the Standing Conference ceased to exist in 1982 and was replace by the British Association for Local History, which came into being on 1 April 1982.
To assist the new Association to establish itself, the NCVO continued to fund its secretarial and administrative work at the Bedford Square offices under the long serving SCLH Secretary Bettie Miller, for an initial period of some two years. Without this breathing space it would have been very much more difficult for the Association to get off the ground. That it has not only done so but has in a relatively short time established itself on a sound and effective footing is a tribute to the hard work and dedication of its voluntary officers and committees and of its growing staff. BALH can already be seen to be consolidating and expanding on the work of its pioneer predecessor.
The Advisory Committee on Oriental Materials (ACOOM) was set up in 1980 as an advisory committee of the Standing Conference on National and University Libraries (SCONUL). The organisation acted as a discussion group for matters concerning libraries holding collections of Oriental material, largely university libraries (particularly Durham, Exeter, Cambridge, Hull, Oxford, and the School of Oriental and African Studies) and national libraries such as the various departments of the British Library relating to Oriental materials. ACOOM was formerly known as the SCONUL Group of Orientalist Libraries and in 1991 became the National Council on Orientalist Library Resources.
The Company is a wholly owned subsidary of the Standard Chartered Bank Limited incorporated on 12 September 1978 (originally named Trushelfco (no. 183) Limited, the name was changed on 29 September 1978). The company is an investment holding company, on 17 April 1979 it acquired the whole of the issued share capital of Standard Chartered Bancorp, a bank holding company incorporated in California [United States of America].
The first directors of the comapny were Mr T G M Buckley and Mr R C Harvey. They resigned on 28 September 1978 and were replaced with the Right Honourable Lord Barber, Sir Robert Taylor, Mr P A Graham, Mr C McCulloch and Mr D L Miller. By the end of December 1979 there were 18 directors.
In 1969 the Standard Bank Limited mergered with the Chartered Bank to create the Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited; the group consisted of the Standard Bank and the Chartered Bank along with their principal subsidiaries and associated companies.
Immediately following the merger both banks continued to operate separately with each maintaining their own board of directors and a third board being created for the Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited. It was not until 1973 that the General Management of both banks were amalgamated and 1974 when the three boards of directors were all run by the same people. On 1 October 1975 the name of the company was changed to Standard Chartered Bank Limited. In 1983 all banking operations of both Standard Bank and Chartered Bank were brought together into one company, titled, Standard Chartered Bank. In 1985 the parent company was again renamed to Standard Chartered PLC.
Following the 1969 merger the bank retained City of London headquarter premises at 10 Clements Lane (former headquarters of Standard Bank Limited) and at 38 Bishopsgate (former headquarters of Chartered Bank). In 1990 new premises were opened in Aldermanbury Square for all London staff and in 20--, the headquarters were moved to 1 Basinghall Avenue, where the bank remains situated (as at 2014).
In 1965 the Standard Bank merged with the Bank of West Africa (formally the Bank of British West Africa). The merged bank was renamed the Standard Bank of West Africa Limited. The Standard Bank expanded operations into Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone and in most of those regions hived off the business into independant Standard Banks. By 1974 the Standard bank of West Africa had only two branches which were situated in Gambia. In 1973 these baranches were transferred to the Standard Bank Gambia Limited.
FOUNDATION AND NAME CHANGES
On 3 June 1857 a prospectus committee met in Port Elizabeth, led by John Paterson, to draft a prospectus for a new bank in the region. This early prospectus was reviewed over the next two years to create a vision of a bank which would be established in Port Elizabeth and which would grow through the acquisition of as many of the existing unitary banks in the region with a head office in London. In 1859 Paterson travelled to London to promote interest in the venture. On 15 October 1862 'The Standard Bank of British South Africa Limited' was incorporated and the first formal meeting of the inaugural board of directors was held on the 18 October 1862. The bank commenced buiness on 20 February 1863 in premises in Port Elizabeth - formerly offices of the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth with which the Standard had merged, the branch under the management of James Tudhope, also formerly of the Commercial Bank. In reflection of the growth of the network of branches and a change in the articles of association to allow the bank to operate outside of British controlled areas in 1881 the name of the bank was changed to 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited'. In 1962 the name was changed to 'The Standard Bank Limited' for operations outside South Africa with 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' continuing to run as a wholly owned subsidary in South Africa.
BRANCH EXPANSION
The bank expanded its network with branches across South, East and Central Africa responding to the economic development and growth of the regions. From the first branch in Port Elizabeth the bank expanded quickly across Cape Province and by 4 January 1864 the first branch at Cape Town had opened. Outside of Cape Province the bank expanded into Natal [South Africa] opening the first branch in the region at Durban on 22 June 1863 (Manager James Alexander). The first branch in the Orange Free State opened at Bloemfontein in October 1863 (closed March 1865, reopened 26 March 1900). The Standard Bank was the first to open on the Diamond Fields in Griqua Land West [South Africa] with a branch at Klipdrift [Barkley West] opening on 12 November 1870 and the first on the Gold Fields in Transvaal with a branches at Potchefstroom and Pretoria opening in May 1877 (Manager Hugh Crawford); On 16 January 1890 the bank opened in Bechuanaland [Botswana] with a branch at Mafeking. In Rhodesia the first branch at Salisbury opened on 29 July 1892 (Manager John Boyne) and a branch opening on 4 May 1894 at Bulawayo was the first in the Matebeleland district (Manager Alexander Thain). A branch was opened in Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique] on 20 August 1894 at Delagoa Bay, Lourenco Marques. The first branch in Basutoland [Kingdom of Lesotho] opened in 1901. On 29 April 1901 the bank opened in Nyasaland [Malawi] with a branch at Blantyre (Manager H T Lewis); In Northern Rhodesia [Zambia] the bank opened at Kalomo in March 1906. In January 1911 the first branches in British East Africa [Kenya] were opened at Nairobi and Mombassa by J. J. Toogood, closely followed by further East African expansion with a branch opening on 20 August 1912 by J J Swanson in Uganda at Kampala. In August 1915 the bank opened branches in the former German territories in South West Africa [Namibia] at Luderitzbutch, Swakopmund and Windhoek and the former German East Africa [Tanzania] opening in 1916 at Dar-es -Salaam. Outside Africa agencies were opened at Hamburg in Germany (15 November 1904) and in New York (1 February 1905); a branch in the City of London was opened at London Wall and on 2 December 1918 a further branch was opened in the London West End at Northumberland Avenue.
PREMISES
In the City of London the bank first had premises in Moorgate Street and then at 101 Cannon Street before acquiring permanent premises in 1867 at 10 Clement's Lane.
In Africa the offices and operations were established at Port Elizabeth [South Africa] in 1863; In 1883 on the appointment of Joint General Managers a second administrative head office was opened at Cape Town. On 31 December 1885 the Port Elizabeth headquarters were closed and all administration transferred to Cape Town. In 1952 headquarters moved to Pretoria and in 1959 moved again to Johannesburg.
In Africa daily operations were managed from the administrative head quarters. Robert Stewart (General Manager 1864 - 1875) increased headquarter control over the early network of branches and erradicated the initial system of local boards of directors and local autonomy instead making himself the conduit implementing all executive orders issued from London and ensuing all regions were answerable to the South African General Manager. Decentralisation of Cape authority began in 1926 when the East African Superintendent began reporting direct to London rather than via the Cape and continued in the 1950s when, in 1953 a number of local boards were established. In 1956 the local board for Rhodesia and Nyasaland began to report direct to London. In 1962 the banks operations in South Africa were transferred to a subsidiary Company retaining the name, 'Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' whilst across the rest of Africa the name was changed simply to 'Standard Bank Limited'
ACQUISITIONS
The progressive expansion of the bank had been aided by its acquisitions of a number of local banks. In 1863 the Standard acquired the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth, Colesberg Bank, British Kaffrarian Bank and the Beaufort West Bank. In 1864 the Fort Beaufort and Victoria Bank was acquired. The 1870s saw the acquisition of the Albert Bank (1874), the Swellendam Bank (1877), The London and South Africa Bank (1877), the Caledon Agricultural Bank (1878) and the Malmesbury Agricultural and Commerical Bank (1878). In 1890 the Wellington Bank was acquired, in 1920 the African Banking Corporation was acquired and in 1966 the bank merged with the Bank of West Africa. In 1969 the Standard Bank merged with the Chartered Bank to create the Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited.
FOUNDATION AND NAME CHANGES
On 3 June 1857 a prospectus committee met in Port Elizabeth, led by John Paterson, to draft a prospectus for a new bank in the region. This early prospectus was reviewed over the next two years to create a vision of a bank which would be established in Port Elizabeth and which would grow through the acquisition of as many of the existing unitary banks in the region with a head office in London. In 1859 Paterson travelled to London to promote interest in the venture. On 15 October 1862 'The Standard Bank of British South Africa Limited' was incorporated and the first formal meeting of the inaugural board of directors was held on the 18 October 1862. The bank commenced buiness on 20 February 1863 in premises in Port Elizabeth - formerly offices of the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth with which the Standard had merged, the branch under the management of James Tudhope, also formerly of the Commercial Bank. In reflection of the growth of the network of branches and a change in the articles of association to allow the bank to operate outside of British controlled areas in 1881 the name of the bank was changed to 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited'. In 1962 the name was changed to 'The Standard Bank Limited' for operations outside South Africa with 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' continuing to run as a wholly owned subsidary in South Africa.
BRANCH EXPANSION
The bank expanded its network with branches across South, East and Central Africa responding to the economic development and growth of the regions. From the first branch in Port Elizabeth the bank expanded quickly across Cape Province and by 4 January 1864 the first branch at Cape Town had opened. Outside of Cape Province the bank expanded into Natal [South Africa] opening the first branch in the region at Durban on 22 June 1863 (Manager James Alexander). The first branch in the Orange Free State opened at Bloemfontein in October 1863 (closed March 1865, reopened 26 March 1900). The Standard Bank was the first to open on the Diamond Fields in Griqua Land West [South Africa] with a branch at Klipdrift [Barkley West] opening on 12 November 1870 and the first on the Gold Fields in Transvaal with a branches at Potchefstroom and Pretoria opening in May 1877 (Manager Hugh Crawford); On 16 January 1890 the bank opened in Bechuanaland [Botswana] with a branch at Mafeking. In Rhodesia the first branch at Salisbury opened on 29 July 1892 (Manager John Boyne) and a branch opening on 4 May 1894 at Bulawayo was the first in the Matebeleland district (Manager Alexander Thain). A branch was opened in Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique] on 20 August 1894 at Delagoa Bay, Lourenco Marques. The first branch in Basutoland [Kingdom of Lesotho] opened in 1901. On 29 April 1901 the bank opened in Nyasaland [Malawi] with a branch at Blantyre (Manager H T Lewis); In Northern Rhodesia [Zambia] the bank opened at Kalomo in March 1906. In January 1911 the first branches in British East Africa [Kenya] were opened at Nairobi and Mombassa by J. J. Toogood, closely followed by further East African expansion with a branch opening on 20 August 1912 by J J Swanson in Uganda at Kampala. In August 1915 the bank opened branches in the former German territories in South West Africa [Namibia] at Luderitzbutch, Swakopmund and Windhoek and the former German East Africa [Tanzania] opening in 1916 at Dar-es -Salaam. Outside Africa agencies were opened at Hamburg in Germany (15 November 1904) and in New York (1 February 1905); a branch in the City of London was opened at London Wall and on 2 December 1918 a further branch was opened in the London West End at Northumberland Avenue.
PREMISES
In the City of London the bank first had premises in Moorgate Street and then at 101 Cannon Street before acquiring permanent premises in 1867 at 10 Clement's Lane.
In Africa the offices and operations were established at Port Elizabeth [South Africa] in 1863; In 1883 on the appointment of Joint General Managers a second administrative head office was opened at Cape Town. On 31 December 1885 the Port Elizabeth headquarters were closed and all administration transferred to Cape Town. In 1952 headquarters moved to Pretoria and in 1959 moved again to Johannesburg.
In Africa daily operations were managed from the administrative head quarters. Robert Stewart (General Manager 1864 - 1875) increased headquarter control over the early network of branches and erradicated the initial system of local boards of directors and local autonomy instead making himself the conduit implementing all executive orders issued from London and ensuing all regions were answerable to the South African General Manager. Decentralisation of Cape authority began in 1926 when the East African Superintendent began reporting direct to London rather than via the Cape and continued in the 1950s when, in 1953 a number of local boards were established. In 1956 the local board for Rhodesia and Nyasaland began to report direct to London. In 1962 the banks operations in South Africa were transferred to a subsidiary Company retaining the name, 'Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' whilst across the rest of Africa the name was changed simply to 'Standard Bank Limited'
ACQUISITIONS
The progressive expansion of the bank had been aided by its acquisitions of a number of local banks. In 1863 the Standard acquired the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth, Colesberg Bank, British Kaffrarian Bank and the Beaufort West Bank. In 1864 the Fort Beaufort and Victoria Bank was acquired. The 1870s saw the acquisition of the Albert Bank (1874), the Swellendam Bank (1877), The London and South Africa Bank (1877), the Caledon Agricultural Bank (1878) and the Malmesbury Agricultural and Commerical Bank (1878). In 1890 the Wellington Bank was acquired, in 1920 the African Banking Corporation was acquired and in 1966 the bank merged with the Bank of West Africa. In 1969 the Standard Bank merged with the Chartered Bank to create the Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited.
FOUNDATION AND NAME CHANGES
On 3 June 1857 a prospectus committee met in Port Elizabeth, led by John Paterson, to draft a prospectus for a new bank in the region. This early prospectus was reviewed over the next two years to create a vision of a bank which would be established in Port Elizabeth and which would grow through the acquisition of as many of the existing unitary banks in the region with a head office in London. In 1859 Paterson travelled to London to promote interest in the venture. On 15 October 1862 'The Standard Bank of British South Africa Limited' was incorporated and the first formal meeting of the inaugural board of directors was held on the 18 October 1862. The bank commenced buiness on 20 February 1863 in premises in Port Elizabeth - formerly offices of the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth with which the Standard had merged, the branch under the management of James Tudhope, also formerly of the Commercial Bank. In reflection of the growth of the network of branches and a change in the articles of association to allow the bank to operate outside of British controlled areas in 1881 the name of the bank was changed to 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited'. In 1962 the name was changed to 'The Standard Bank Limited' for operations outside South Africa with 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' continuing to run as a wholly owned subsidary in South Africa.
BRANCH EXPANSION
The bank expanded its network with branches across South, East and Central Africa responding to the economic development and growth of the regions. From the first branch in Port Elizabeth the bank expanded quickly across Cape Province and by 4 January 1864 the first branch at Cape Town had opened. Outside of Cape Province the bank expanded into Natal [South Africa] opening the first branch in the region at Durban on 22 June 1863 (Manager James Alexander). The first branch in the Orange Free State opened at Bloemfontein in October 1863 (closed March 1865, reopened 26 March 1900). The Standard Bank was the first to open on the Diamond Fields in Griqua Land West [South Africa] with a branch at Klipdrift [Barkley West] opening on 12 November 1870 and the first on the Gold Fields in Transvaal with a branches at Potchefstroom and Pretoria opening in May 1877 (Manager Hugh Crawford); On 16 January 1890 the bank opened in Bechuanaland [Botswana] with a branch at Mafeking. In Rhodesia the first branch at Salisbury opened on 29 July 1892 (Manager John Boyne) and a branch opening on 4 May 1894 at Bulawayo was the first in the Matebeleland district (Manager Alexander Thain). A branch was opened in Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique] on 20 August 1894 at Delagoa Bay, Lourenco Marques. The first branch in Basutoland [Kingdom of Lesotho] opened in 1901. On 29 April 1901 the bank opened in Nyasaland [Malawi] with a branch at Blantyre (Manager H T Lewis); In Northern Rhodesia [Zambia] the bank opened at Kalomo in March 1906. In January 1911 the first branches in British East Africa [Kenya] were opened at Nairobi and Mombassa by J. J. Toogood, closely followed by further East African expansion with a branch opening on 20 August 1912 by J J Swanson in Uganda at Kampala. In August 1915 the bank opened branches in the former German territories in South West Africa [Namibia] at Luderitzbutch, Swakopmund and Windhoek and the former German East Africa [Tanzania] opening in 1916 at Dar-es -Salaam. Outside Africa agencies were opened at Hamburg in Germany (15 November 1904) and in New York (1 February 1905); a branch in the City of London was opened at London Wall and on 2 December 1918 a further branch was opened in the London West End at Northumberland Avenue.
PREMISES
In the City of London the bank first had premises in Moorgate Street and then at 101 Cannon Street before acquiring permanent premises in 1867 at 10 Clement's Lane.
In Africa the offices and operations were established at Port Elizabeth [South Africa] in 1863; In 1883 on the appointment of Joint General Managers a second administrative head office was opened at Cape Town. On 31 December 1885 the Port Elizabeth headquarters were closed and all administration transferred to Cape Town. In 1952 headquarters moved to Pretoria and in 1959 moved again to Johannesburg.
In Africa daily operations were managed from the administrative head quarters. Robert Stewart (General Manager 1864 - 1875) increased headquarter control over the early network of branches and erradicated the initial system of local boards of directors and local autonomy instead making himself the conduit implementing all executive orders issued from London and ensuing all regions were answerable to the South African General Manager. Decentralisation of Cape authority began in 1926 when the East African Superintendent began reporting direct to London rather than via the Cape and continued in the 1950s when, in 1953 a number of local boards were established. In 1956 the local board for Rhodesia and Nyasaland began to report direct to London. In 1962 the banks operations in South Africa were transferred to a subsidiary Company retaining the name, 'Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' whilst across the rest of Africa the name was changed simply to 'Standard Bank Limited'
ACQUISITIONS
The progressive expansion of the bank had been aided by its acquisitions of a number of local banks. In 1863 the Standard acquired the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth, Colesberg Bank, British Kaffrarian Bank and the Beaufort West Bank. In 1864 the Fort Beaufort and Victoria Bank was acquired. The 1870s saw the acquisition of the Albert Bank (1874), the Swellendam Bank (1877), The London and South Africa Bank (1877), the Caledon Agricultural Bank (1878) and the Malmesbury Agricultural and Commerical Bank (1878). In 1890 the Wellington Bank was acquired, in 1920 the African Banking Corporation was acquired and in 1966 the bank merged with the Bank of West Africa. In 1969 the Standard Bank merged with the Chartered Bank to create the Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited.
BRANCHES AND AGENCIES
The bank's early policy on geographical expansion closely followed the Scottish system favoured by Robert Stewart of opening a branch in every town of any importance, even if the initial results were likely to be negligible. It was thought that a far-flung branch system with wide meshes would spread the risks evenly over the whole country. As the bank acquired many of its local rivals and spread quickly across South Africa, by 1864 it had 15 branches open in the area.
FOUNDATION AND NAME CHANGES
On 3 June 1857 a prospectus committee met in Port Elizabeth, led by John Paterson, to draft a prospectus for a new bank in the region. This early prospectus was reviewed over the next two years to create a vision of a bank which would be established in Port Elizabeth and which would grow through the acquisition of as many of the existing unitary banks in the region with a head office in London. In 1859 Paterson travelled to London to promote interest in the venture. On 15 October 1862 'The Standard Bank of British South Africa Limited' was incorporated and the first formal meeting of the inaugural board of directors was held on the 18 October 1862. The bank commenced buiness on 20 February 1863 in premises in Port Elizabeth - formerly offices of the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth with which the Standard had merged, the branch under the management of James Tudhope, also formerly of the Commercial Bank. In reflection of the growth of the network of branches and a change in the articles of association to allow the bank to operate outside of British controlled areas in 1881 the name of the bank was changed to 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited'. In 1962 the name was changed to 'The Standard Bank Limited' for operations outside South Africa with 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' continuing to run as a wholly owned subsidary in South Africa.
BRANCH EXPANSION
The bank expanded its network with branches across South, East and Central Africa responding to the economic development and growth of the regions. From the first branch in Port Elizabeth the bank expanded quickly across Cape Province and by 4 January 1864 the first branch at Cape Town had opened. Outside of Cape Province the bank expanded into Natal [South Africa] opening the first branch in the region at Durban on 22 June 1863 (Manager James Alexander). The first branch in the Orange Free State opened at Bloemfontein in October 1863 (closed March 1865, reopened 26 March 1900). The Standard Bank was the first to open on the Diamond Fields in Griqua Land West [South Africa] with a branch at Klipdrift [Barkley West] opening on 12 November 1870 and the first on the Gold Fields in Transvaal with a branches at Potchefstroom and Pretoria opening in May 1877 (Manager Hugh Crawford); On 16 January 1890 the bank opened in Bechuanaland [Botswana] with a branch at Mafeking. In Rhodesia the first branch at Salisbury opened on 29 July 1892 (Manager John Boyne) and a branch opening on 4 May 1894 at Bulawayo was the first in the Matebeleland district (Manager Alexander Thain). A branch was opened in Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique] on 20 August 1894 at Delagoa Bay, Lourenco Marques. The first branch in Basutoland [Kingdom of Lesotho] opened in 1901. On 29 April 1901 the bank opened in Nyasaland [Malawi] with a branch at Blantyre (Manager H T Lewis); In Northern Rhodesia [Zambia] the bank opened at Kalomo in March 1906. In January 1911 the first branches in British East Africa [Kenya] were opened at Nairobi and Mombassa by J. J. Toogood, closely followed by further East African expansion with a branch opening on 20 August 1912 by J J Swanson in Uganda at Kampala. In August 1915 the bank opened branches in the former German territories in South West Africa [Namibia] at Luderitzbutch, Swakopmund and Windhoek and the former German East Africa [Tanzania] opening in 1916 at Dar-es -Salaam. Outside Africa agencies were opened at Hamburg in Germany (15 November 1904) and in New York (1 February 1905); a branch in the City of London was opened at London Wall and on 2 December 1918 a further branch was opened in the London West End at Northumberland Avenue.
PREMISES
In the City of London the bank first had premises in Moorgate Street and then at 101 Cannon Street before acquiring permanent premises in 1867 at 10 Clement's Lane.
In Africa the offices and operations were established at Port Elizabeth [South Africa] in 1863; In 1883 on the appointment of Joint General Managers a second administrative head office was opened at Cape Town. On 31 December 1885 the Port Elizabeth headquarters were closed and all administration transferred to Cape Town. In 1952 headquarters moved to Pretoria and in 1959 moved again to Johannesburg.
In Africa daily operations were managed from the administrative head quarters. Robert Stewart (General Manager 1864 - 1875) increased headquarter control over the early network of branches and erradicated the initial system of local boards of directors and local autonomy instead making himself the conduit implementing all executive orders issued from London and ensuing all regions were answerable to the South African General Manager. Decentralisation of Cape authority began in 1926 when the East African Superintendent began reporting direct to London rather than via the Cape and continued in the 1950s when, in 1953 a number of local boards were established. In 1956 the local board for Rhodesia and Nyasaland began to report direct to London. In 1962 the banks operations in South Africa were transferred to a subsidiary Company retaining the name, 'Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' whilst across the rest of Africa the name was changed simply to 'Standard Bank Limited'
ACQUISITIONS
The progressive expansion of the bank had been aided by its acquisitions of a number of local banks. In 1863 the Standard acquired the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth, Colesberg Bank, British Kaffrarian Bank and the Beaufort West Bank. In 1864 the Fort Beaufort and Victoria Bank was acquired. The 1870s saw the acquisition of the Albert Bank (1874), the Swellendam Bank (1877), The London and South Africa Bank (1877), the Caledon Agricultural Bank (1878) and the Malmesbury Agricultural and Commerical Bank (1878). In 1890 the Wellington Bank was acquired, in 1920 the African Banking Corporation was acquired and in 1966 the bank merged with the Bank of West Africa. In 1969 the Standard Bank merged with the Chartered Bank to create the Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited.
CORPORATE
The Standard bank's operations were governed by the original memorandum and articles of association, with subsequent amendments. The business being directed by the London Board of Directors whose orders and directions were disseminated throughout the branch network by the London Manager and the General Manager(s) in Africa.
FOUNDATION AND NAME CHANGES
On 3 June 1857 a prospectus committee met in Port Elizabeth, led by John Paterson, to draft a prospectus for a new bank in the region. This early prospectus was reviewed over the next two years to create a vision of a bank which would be established in Port Elizabeth and which would grow through the acquisition of as many of the existing unitary banks in the region with a head office in London. In 1859 Paterson travelled to London to promote interest in the venture. On 15 October 1862 'The Standard Bank of British South Africa Limited' was incorporated and the first formal meeting of the inaugural board of directors was held on the 18 October 1862. The bank commenced buiness on 20 February 1863 in premises in Port Elizabeth - formerly offices of the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth with which the Standard had merged, the branch under the management of James Tudhope, also formerly of the Commercial Bank. In reflection of the growth of the network of branches and a change in the articles of association to allow the bank to operate outside of British controlled areas in 1881 the name of the bank was changed to 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited'. In 1962 the name was changed to 'The Standard Bank Limited' for operations outside South Africa with 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' continuing to run as a wholly owned subsidary in South Africa.
BRANCH EXPANSION
The bank expanded its network with branches across South, East and Central Africa responding to the economic development and growth of the regions. From the first branch in Port Elizabeth the bank expanded quickly across Cape Province and by 4 January 1864 the first branch at Cape Town had opened. Outside of Cape Province the bank expanded into Natal [South Africa] opening the first branch in the region at Durban on 22 June 1863 (Manager James Alexander). The first branch in the Orange Free State opened at Bloemfontein in October 1863 (closed March 1865, reopened 26 March 1900). The Standard Bank was the first to open on the Diamond Fields in Griqua Land West [South Africa] with a branch at Klipdrift [Barkley West] opening on 12 November 1870 and the first on the Gold Fields in Transvaal with a branches at Potchefstroom and Pretoria opening in May 1877 (Manager Hugh Crawford); On 16 January 1890 the bank opened in Bechuanaland [Botswana] with a branch at Mafeking. In Rhodesia the first branch at Salisbury opened on 29 July 1892 (Manager John Boyne) and a branch opening on 4 May 1894 at Bulawayo was the first in the Matebeleland district (Manager Alexander Thain). A branch was opened in Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique] on 20 August 1894 at Delagoa Bay, Lourenco Marques. The first branch in Basutoland [Kingdom of Lesotho] opened in 1901. On 29 April 1901 the bank opened in Nyasaland [Malawi] with a branch at Blantyre (Manager H T Lewis); In Northern Rhodesia [Zambia] the bank opened at Kalomo in March 1906. In January 1911 the first branches in British East Africa [Kenya] were opened at Nairobi and Mombassa by J. J. Toogood, closely followed by further East African expansion with a branch opening on 20 August 1912 by J J Swanson in Uganda at Kampala. In August 1915 the bank opened branches in the former German territories in South West Africa [Namibia] at Luderitzbutch, Swakopmund and Windhoek and the former German East Africa [Tanzania] opening in 1916 at Dar-es -Salaam. Outside Africa agencies were opened at Hamburg in Germany (15 November 1904) and in New York (1 February 1905); a branch in the City of London was opened at London Wall and on 2 December 1918 a further branch was opened in the London West End at Northumberland Avenue.
PREMISES
In the City of London the bank first had premises in Moorgate Street and then at 101 Cannon Street before acquiring permanent premises in 1867 at 10 Clement's Lane.
In Africa the offices and operations were established at Port Elizabeth [South Africa] in 1863; In 1883 on the appointment of Joint General Managers a second administrative head office was opened at Cape Town. On 31 December 1885 the Port Elizabeth headquarters were closed and all administration transferred to Cape Town. In 1952 headquarters moved to Pretoria and in 1959 moved again to Johannesburg.
In Africa daily operations were managed from the administrative head quarters. Robert Stewart (General Manager 1864 - 1875) increased headquarter control over the early network of branches and erradicated the initial system of local boards of directors and local autonomy instead making himself the conduit implementing all executive orders issued from London and ensuing all regions were answerable to the South African General Manager. Decentralisation of Cape authority began in 1926 when the East African Superintendent began reporting direct to London rather than via the Cape and continued in the 1950s when, in 1953 a number of local boards were established. In 1956 the local board for Rhodesia and Nyasaland began to report direct to London. In 1962 the banks operations in South Africa were transferred to a subsidiary Company retaining the name, 'Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' whilst across the rest of Africa the name was changed simply to 'Standard Bank Limited'
ACQUISITIONS
The progressive expansion of the bank had been aided by its acquisitions of a number of local banks. In 1863 the Standard acquired the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth, Colesberg Bank, British Kaffrarian Bank and the Beaufort West Bank. In 1864 the Fort Beaufort and Victoria Bank was acquired. The 1870s saw the acquisition of the Albert Bank (1874), the Swellendam Bank (1877), The London and South Africa Bank (1877), the Caledon Agricultural Bank (1878) and the Malmesbury Agricultural and Commerical Bank (1878). In 1890 the Wellington Bank was acquired, in 1920 the African Banking Corporation was acquired and in 1966 the bank merged with the Bank of West Africa. In 1969 the Standard Bank merged with the Chartered Bank to create the Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited.
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
Oversight of the accounting and financial functions of the bank was managed by the Chief Accountant. He was part of the Bank's senior-level staff and was based at Head Office. Later, he headed the Accounts Department, in existence by the 1900s.
The Secretary also kept close contacts with the Chief Accountant's office and many reports and letters actioned by the Chief Accountant and his staff were copy-letters addressed to the Secretary.
The Chief Accountant during World War Two was H W Gibson. He and his office took on additional responsibilities at this time including resolving issues of enemy debtors and creditors and assimilating changes to business procedures.
In addition to the operations of the Accounts Department, the Securities Department also managed investments and securities held by the bank in order to ensure stability and good financial returns.
FOUNDATION AND NAME CHANGES
On 3 June 1857 a prospectus committee met in Port Elizabeth, led by John Paterson, to draft a prospectus for a new bank in the region. This early prospectus was reviewed over the next two years to create a vision of a bank which would be established in Port Elizabeth and which would grow through the acquisition of as many of the existing unitary banks in the region with a head office in London. In 1859 Paterson travelled to London to promote interest in the venture. On 15 October 1862 'The Standard Bank of British South Africa Limited' was incorporated and the first formal meeting of the inaugural board of directors was held on the 18 October 1862. The bank commenced buiness on 20 February 1863 in premises in Port Elizabeth - formerly offices of the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth with which the Standard had merged, the branch under the management of James Tudhope, also formerly of the Commercial Bank. In reflection of the growth of the network of branches and a change in the articles of association to allow the bank to operate outside of British controlled areas in 1881 the name of the bank was changed to 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited'. In 1962 the name was changed to 'The Standard Bank Limited' for operations outside South Africa with 'The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' continuing to run as a wholly owned subsidary in South Africa.
BRANCH EXPANSION
The bank expanded its network with branches across South, East and Central Africa responding to the economic development and growth of the regions. From the first branch in Port Elizabeth the bank expanded quickly across Cape Province and by 4 January 1864 the first branch at Cape Town had opened. Outside of Cape Province the bank expanded into Natal [South Africa] opening the first branch in the region at Durban on 22 June 1863 (Manager James Alexander). The first branch in the Orange Free State opened at Bloemfontein in October 1863 (closed March 1865, reopened 26 March 1900). The Standard Bank was the first to open on the Diamond Fields in Griqua Land West [South Africa] with a branch at Klipdrift [Barkley West] opening on 12 November 1870 and the first on the Gold Fields in Transvaal with a branches at Potchefstroom and Pretoria opening in May 1877 (Manager Hugh Crawford); On 16 January 1890 the bank opened in Bechuanaland [Botswana] with a branch at Mafeking. In Rhodesia the first branch at Salisbury opened on 29 July 1892 (Manager John Boyne) and a branch opening on 4 May 1894 at Bulawayo was the first in the Matebeleland district (Manager Alexander Thain). A branch was opened in Portuguese East Africa [Mozambique] on 20 August 1894 at Delagoa Bay, Lourenco Marques. The first branch in Basutoland [Kingdom of Lesotho] opened in 1901. On 29 April 1901 the bank opened in Nyasaland [Malawi] with a branch at Blantyre (Manager H T Lewis); In Northern Rhodesia [Zambia] the bank opened at Kalomo in March 1906. In January 1911 the first branches in British East Africa [Kenya] were opened at Nairobi and Mombassa by J. J. Toogood, closely followed by further East African expansion with a branch opening on 20 August 1912 by J J Swanson in Uganda at Kampala. In August 1915 the bank opened branches in the former German territories in South West Africa [Namibia] at Luderitzbutch, Swakopmund and Windhoek and the former German East Africa [Tanzania] opening in 1916 at Dar-es -Salaam. Outside Africa agencies were opened at Hamburg in Germany (15 November 1904) and in New York (1 February 1905); a branch in the City of London was opened at London Wall and on 2 December 1918 a further branch was opened in the London West End at Northumberland Avenue.
PREMISES
In the City of London the bank first had premises in Moorgate Street and then at 101 Cannon Street before acquiring permanent premises in 1867 at 10 Clement's Lane.
In Africa the offices and operations were established at Port Elizabeth [South Africa] in 1863; In 1883 on the appointment of Joint General Managers a second administrative head office was opened at Cape Town. On 31 December 1885 the Port Elizabeth headquarters were closed and all administration transferred to Cape Town. In 1952 headquarters moved to Pretoria and in 1959 moved again to Johannesburg.
In Africa daily operations were managed from the administrative head quarters. Robert Stewart (General Manager 1864 - 1875) increased headquarter control over the early network of branches and erradicated the initial system of local boards of directors and local autonomy instead making himself the conduit implementing all executive orders issued from London and ensuing all regions were answerable to the South African General Manager. Decentralisation of Cape authority began in 1926 when the East African Superintendent began reporting direct to London rather than via the Cape and continued in the 1950s when, in 1953 a number of local boards were established. In 1956 the local board for Rhodesia and Nyasaland began to report direct to London. In 1962 the banks operations in South Africa were transferred to a subsidiary Company retaining the name, 'Standard Bank of South Africa Limited' whilst across the rest of Africa the name was changed simply to 'Standard Bank Limited'
ACQUISITIONS
The progressive expansion of the bank had been aided by its acquisitions of a number of local banks. In 1863 the Standard acquired the Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth, Colesberg Bank, British Kaffrarian Bank and the Beaufort West Bank. In 1864 the Fort Beaufort and Victoria Bank was acquired. The 1870s saw the acquisition of the Albert Bank (1874), the Swellendam Bank (1877), The London and South Africa Bank (1877), the Caledon Agricultural Bank (1878) and the Malmesbury Agricultural and Commerical Bank (1878). In 1890 the Wellington Bank was acquired, in 1920 the African Banking Corporation was acquired and in 1966 the bank merged with the Bank of West Africa. In 1969 the Standard Bank merged with the Chartered Bank to create the Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited.
OPERATIONS
Key operational matters and customer accounts were ultimately managed from head office and in time several departments were created to handle specific matters for example the Bullion Department, Securities Department and Bill Department.
In 1897 the Bank of British West Africa established itself at Freetown, Sierra Leone. In 1957 the bank changed its name to the Bank of West Africa. In 1965 the bank merged with Standard Bank Limited which in 1971 voluntarily incorporated the business as the Standard Bank of Sierra Leone Limited as a wholly-owned subsidiary company of Standard Bank, later to be a wholly owned subsidary of Standard Chartered Banking Group following the 1969 merger of Standard and Chartered Bank.
The Bank of British West Africa first opened in Nigeria in 1897; In 1957 the bank changed its name to the Bank of West Africa and in 1965 merged with Standard Bank Limited. The operations in West Africa became known as the Standard Bank of West Africa Limited. In 1969 the Nigeria business was incorporated, initially as a wholly owned subsidiary, to be known as the Standard Bank of Nigeria; In 1971 the bank was listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and 13% of the share captial was devolved to the Nigerian Public. In 1979 Standard reduced its holdings in the company to just 38% and the business was renamed, First Bank of Nigeria - Standard Bank - which since 1969 had been part of Standard Chartered Banking Group - sold its remaining shares in the bank in 1996.
In 1999 Standard Chartered Bank re-entered Nigeria creating a new wholly owned subsidiary company, Standard Chartered Nigeria which has no links with the former Standard Bank operations or First Bank of Nigeria.
In 1896 the Bank of British West Africa (later the Bank of West Africa) opened in Ghana. In 1966 the Standard Bank merged with the Bank of West Africa and in September 1970 the Standard Bank Ghana Limited was incorporated, by virtue of government decree, as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Standard Bank. In 1969, the Standard Bank merged with Chartered Bank to become Standard Chartered Banking Group Limited, from 1985 the Standard Chartered Bank PLC which (as at 2013) owns 80% of the Standard Bank Ghana Limited with the remaining 20% being stock trading on the Ghana Stock Exchange.
The business was incorporated on 20 March 1947 with an objective to assist and participate in schemes for the development of natural resources, business, industry, trade and commerce. The initial share capital was £500,000 divided into 100,000 shares of £5 which were wholly owned by the Standard Bank of South Africa Limited. In 1962 when the parent bank hived off the South African operations the Finance and Development Corporation remained in the ownership of the parent body, known as The Standard Bank, which in turn in 1969 merged with Chartered Bank to create the Standard Chartered Banking Group (later Standard Chartered Bank). In 1973 Standard Chartered with Tozer Kemsley and Millboom (holdings) limited jointly created a new merchant Bank styled Tozer Standard and Chartered Limited with a share capital of £3 million 49% of which was held by Standard Chartered and 51% was held by Tozer, Kemsley and Millboom. This new company absorbed the Standard Bank Finance and Development Corporation.
Josiah Charles Stamp was born in Kilburn, London on 21 June 1880. Stamp's formal education ended when he was sixteen. In 1896 he entered the Civil Service as a boy clerk in the Inland Revenue Department, where he rose to the position of assistant secretary to the Board of Inland Revenue at the age of thirty six. Stamp obtained an external degree in economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science in 1916. His thesis was published as British Incomes and Property in 1916 and launched his academic career. In 1919 he served on the Royal Commission on Income Tax and in the same year he joined Nobel Industries Ltd as secretary and director. In 1926 he became the president of the executive of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and two years later he was appointed director of the Bank of England. He combined this work with serving on national and international committees, as well as boards of enquiry. In 1926 he served on the statutory commission of the University of London and in 1926 he served as a governor and vice chairman of the LSE. Stamp also held lectureships in economics at several universities, including Cambridge, Oxford and Liverpool. Throughout his working life he published widely on economics. Stamp was created CBE in 1918, KBE in 1920, GBE in 1924 and GCB in 1935. In 1938 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Stamp of Shortlands, Kent. He also received honorary degrees from numerous universities both at home and abroad. Stamp died on 16 April 1941.
Edward Stallybrass: born at Royston, England, 1793 or 1794; studied at Homerton College; appointed London Missionary Society (LMS) missionary to Siberia and was ordained at Stepney, 1816; married Sarah Robinson (d 1833); travelled via Cronstadt and St Petersburg to Moscow, 1817-1818; joined there by Cornelius Rahm from Göteburg; granted an audience by the Czar, Alexander I, who showed support for their work; reached Irkutsk with Rahm and made an exploratory tour to Werchney, Oudinsk, Selenginsk and Kiachta, on the south-eastern side of the Baikal, 1818; with his wife, settled at Selengisnk among the Buriat people and founded a mission station, 1819; made a tour into the country of the Chorinsky Buriats, 1822; moved from Selenginsk to Khodon, 1828; with his two sons, left Khodon, 1834; married secondly Charlotte Ellah of Elsinore (1808-1839) in Copenhagen and travelled to London before returning to St Petersburg, 1835; spent time in St Petersburg revising the Mongolian scriptures; returned to Khodon, 1836; completed and published his translation of the Old Testament into Mongolian, 1840; when the work of the LMS in Russia was suppressed by decree of the Orthodox synod Stallybrass returned to England and retired from the LMS, 1841; his revision with William Swan (1791-1866, another LMS missionary at Seleningsk) of the Mongolian version of the New Testament (originally produced by the Russian Bible Society, 1824) was published, 1846; briefly headmaster of the Boys' Misson School, Walthamstow; pastor at Hampden Chapel, Hackney; his third wife was Sarah Bass; pastor at Burnham, Norfolk, 1858-1870; married fourthly Mary Ann Oughton (d 1874), 1861; died at Shooter's Hill, Kent, 1884; buried at Abney Park Cemetery, Stoke Newington. Publications: translation of the Old and New Testaments into Mongolian; Memoir of Mrs Stallybrass, with an introduction by J Fletcher (London, 1836).
Stalag VIII B Lamsdorf (now Lambinowice in Silesia) also known as Kommando E562, became a part of the Auschwitz/Monowitz concentration camp complex. It was opened in 1939 to house Polish prisoners from the German September 1939 offensive. Later approximately 100,000 prisoners from Australia, Belgium, Great Britain, Canada, France, Greece, New Zealand, Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and the United States passed through this camp. In 1941 a separate camp, Stalag VIII-F was set up close by to house the Soviet prisoners. In 1943, the Lamsdorf camp was split up, and many of the prisoners (and Arbeitskommandos) were transferred to two new base camps Stalag VIII-C Sagan and Stalag VIII-D Teschen (modern Èeský Tìšín). The base camp at Lamsdorf was renumbered Stalag 344. The Soviet Army reached the camp 17 March 1945.
The Local Government Act 1894 made provision for local self-government in England and Wales in the form of parish councils for every rural parish with a population of 300 and upwards. The existing rural and urban sanitary authorities became the new district councils. Further re-arrangement of districts was carried out by review, by county councils under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1929.
Rating remained in the hands of the parish overseers in 1894, although under the Public Health Act 1875 a general district rate was levied by the urban authorities. The Rating and Valuation Act 1925 abolished the rating powers of the overseers of the poor and named the new rating authorities as the councils of every county borough and urban and rural districts. A consolidated rate - 'the general rate' - replaced the confusion of various separate rates. In addition, a new valuation list was to be made for every rating area, to come into force on either 1 April 1928 or l April 1929, followed by a second list in 1932, 1933 or 1934. Instructions were given in the act for draft valuation lists and records of totals to be made.
Staines Urban District Council was formed in 1894 and comprised Staines and part of Stanwell. In it was expanded to include Ashford, Laleham, and all of Stanwell (including Stanwell Moor and Poyle). As a result of local government re-organisation in the Greater London area, Staines Urban District was transferred to the administrative county of Surrey with effect from 1 April 1965. Urban district councils were abolished in 1974.
The Staines Reservoir Bill of 1896 was promoted by the New River Company, the Grand Junction Water Company and the West Middlesex Water Company. The main object of the Bill was to construct large storage reservoirs at Staines with aqueducts to connect the reservoirs to the pipes of the companies. The water was to be drawn from the Thames. The Bill met considerable opposition, mostly from the London County Council, Middlesex County Council and local landowners; but was passed with amendments and construction began. The two reservoirs were completed in 1902, with a capacity of 3,338,000,000 gallons.
By the 1930s the Metropolitan Water Board (now the owner of the reservoirs) was concerned that improvements in the standard of housing and the further expansion of London would lead to water shortages. A third reservoir was begun in 1937 to the west of the original reservoirs. It was completed in 1947, with a capacity of 4,466,000,000 gallons. The reservoirs were used for equipment testing during the Second World War and are now important bird sanctuaries.
In 1872 a local board of health was established in Staines. This became an urban district council in 1894. The board was concerned with the town hall, commons, cemetery, highways, hospital, finance and drainage. Their first task was to provide a sewer system.
Part of the ancient parish of Staines lay in the tract of countryside known as the warren of Staines which extended as far as Hampton. This land was gradually encroached upon, but by 1844 there were still 381 acreas of common land, and 353 acres were preserved under the Metropolitan Commons Supplemental Act, 1880. The common lands comprised Staines Moor, Shortwood Common, Knowle Green and Birch Green.
From: A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 13-18 and pp. 25-27.
Poor relief was based on the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1601 which obliged parishes to take care of the aged and needy in their area. Parish overseers were empowered to collect a local income tax known as the poor-rate which would be put towards the relief of the poor. This evolved into the rating system, where the amount of poor-rate charged was based on the value of a person's property. Early workhouses were constructed and managed by the parish. However, this process was expensive and various schemes were devised where groups of parishes could act together and pool their resources. As early as 1647 towns were setting up 'Corporations' of parishes. An Act of 1782, promoted by Thomas Gilbert, allowed adjacent parishes to combine into Unions and provide workhouses. These were known as 'Gilbert's Unions' and were managed by a board of Guardians.
Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Poor Law Commission was given the power to unite parishes in England and Wales into Poor Law Unions. Each Union was to be administered by a local Board of Guardians. Relief was to be provided through the provision of a workhouse. An amendment to the 1834 Act allowed already existing 'Gilbert's Unions' or Corporations of parishes to remain in existence, although they were encouraged to convert themselves into Poor Law Unions. Although there was some reorganisation of union boundaries, particularly in London, the majority of Unions created under the 1834 Act remained in operation until 1930. In March 1930 a new Local Government Bill abolished the Poor Law Unions and the Board of Guardians. Responsibility for their institutions passed to Public Assistance Committees managed by the county councils - in the metropolis either the London County Council or the Middlesex County Council.
Staines Poor Law Union was formed in June 1836. It had 13 constituent parishes, all situated in what was then Middlesex: Ashford, East Bedfont with Hatton, Cranford, Feltham, Hanworth, Harlington, Harmondsworth, Laleham, Littleton, Staines, Stanwell, Shepperton, Sunbury. In 1831 the population of the Union was 12,644. The Union constructed a new workhouse on the London Road in Ashford in 1840-1841.
Fostering - that is the arrangement whereby one person pays another for the care of a child - has always existed in one form or another. It had its abuses, the grossest of which was baby farming, the scandal of which necessitated legislation in the form of the Infant Life Protection Act 1872 which made it compulsory for persons taking for hire two or more infants less than a year old to register with the local authorities, who were the Councils in the care of the boroughs and the Justices in the case of counties. A new Infant Life Protection Act was passed in 1897 which included the power for the inspectors of the local authority forcibly to remove a fostered child to a place of safety if it were endangered. A further measure to the same end was the Notification of Births Act 1907, a permissive act , made compulsory in 1915, whereby all births had not only to be registered but also notified to the local medical officer of health. Under the Children Act 1908, the legislation was extended to cover those fostering one child for reward. Child life protection as a whole was transferred to the Poor Law authorities, whose duties comprised the receiving of notice where a person undertook for reward the nursing and maintenance of an infant under the age of 7; the appointment of visitors to inspect such children; the limitation of the number in a dwelling; the removal of such infants improperly kept; and the receiving of fines imposed from offences.
The Local Government Act 1894 made further provision for local self-government in England and Wales by establishing parish meetings for every rural parish and parish councils for every rural parish with a population of 300 and upwards. The existing urban and rural sanitary authorities became the new district councils, thus Staines Local Board of Health, set up in 1872, became Staines Urban District Council and Staines Rural District Council was formed out of the Staines Union Rural Sanitary Authority. Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1929 a rearrangement of county districts was carried out by review by Middlesex County Council. Staines Rural District Council was dissolved in 1930 and the constituent parishes were transferred to neighbouring urban districts.
Summary of local authorities in Staines:-
Staines Local Board of Health, 1872-1894
Staines Urban District Council, 1894-1974, comprising:
1894-1930 Staines, Stanwell (part from 1896)
1930-1974 Staines, Ashford, Laleham, Stanwell (including Stanwell Moor and Poyle).
Staines Rural District Council, 1894-1930, comprising:
Ashford, East Bedfont with Hatton, Cranford, Hanworth, Harlington, Harmondsworth, Laleham, Littleton, Shepperton, Stanwell (part).
The Staines parish vestry managed a fire engine from the 18th century. The Local Board was formed in 1872 and became an Urban District Council in 1894. The Local Board took over local administration responsibilities, including management of a local fire service, from the parish vestry.
Stagg trained as a nurse at King's College Hospital 1924-1927, gaining General Nursing Council registration in 1928. She was also Nurse Tutor at King's College Hospital.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Nicholas Stafford, a literary agent, travelled with his wife on business through Central Europe in 1934. Aged at the time 'less than sixty years between us' they flew from Croydon to Frankfurt, before travelling via Nuremberg (Nürnberg) to Passau, where they took a riverboat to Vienna (Wien) and Budapest. From there they journeyed by train to Prague (Praha) before visiting Cracow (Kraków), the Tatra mountains and finally Danzig (Gdansk), where they took the steamship SS Baltonia back to London.
Great Ormond Street Hospital was founded in 1852 by Charles West on its current site in Bloomsbury as the Hospital for Sick Children. It was the first children's hospital in Britain. It became part of the NHS in 1948 and took over the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Sick Children in 1968. It went through several changes of name during this period and adopted its current name in 1994.
Reginald Stephen Stacey was born in London in 1905. He was educated at Haberdashers' Aske's School, and later attended Trinity College, Cambridge University, where he graduated in Physiology in 1927. After spending a year at the University of Vienna (1927), Stacey gained his Bachelor of Surgery (B.Chir) at St Thomas's Medical Hospital in 1930. He was appointed First Assistant to the Professor of Medicine, St Thomas's from 1932 to 1935, when he became Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the Royal College of Medicine in Baghdad. Stacey was subsequently a Reader, 1948-1958, and a Professor, 1958-1970, of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at St Thomas's Hospital. In 1963 he was made the first holder of the Chair in Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the University of London, and from 1970 to his death in 1974 he worked at the Wellcome Research Laboratories in Beckenham.
Walter Terence Stace (1886-1967) first went out to Ceylon as a young civil servant in 1910, accompanied by a wife (Adelaide) considerably older than himself. Beginning as a cadet in Galle, he gradually rose in the administrative hierarchy to become a police magistrate, private secretary to the Governor (Sir Robert Chalmers), district judge at Negombo, and an official (ultimately, the head) of the Land Settlement Department. During his last ten years in the colony, while working on land settlement, Stace divorced his first wife (who had returned to Britain) and married Blanche Beven; and he spent an increasing amount of time writing on philosophy which from an early age had been a significant personal interest. He resigned from the civil service in 1932 to become a teacher of philosophy at Princeton University, USA.
Stace published several works on philosophy, including A critical history of Greek philosophy (1920), The philosophy of Hegel: a systematic exposition(1924), The meaning of beauty: a theory of aesthetics (1929), The theory of knowledge and existence (1932), The concept of morals(1937), The destiny of western man (1942), and Mysticism and philosophy (1961).