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Born Middleton, Nova Scotia, 1882; educated Middleton High School; BSc, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, 1899-1903; McGill University, 1903-1904; Vice-Principal of Middleton High School, 1904; Demonstrator in Botany, McGill University, 1905; research at Woods Hole, Massachusetts 1906-1908; Senior Fellow and graduated PhD, University of Chicago, 1908; first major visit to Europe (France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Holland and England), 1910; moved to England, 1911; research in laboratory of Farmer, Imperial College of Science, 1911; awarded Mendel Medal, 1911; Married Dr Marie Charlotte Carmichael Stopes, 1911 (annulled 1916); Lecturer in Biology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1912-1914; Huxley Medal and Prize, Imperial College, University of London, 1913; Lecturer in Cytology, Bedford College, London, 1912, 1914 and on Heredity in Relation to Cytology, Oxford University, 1914; moved to USA, 1914; Associate Professor in Zoology, University of California, [1915]; worked at the New York botanical garden [1915-1916]; returned to England and enlisted in the Artists' Rifles, 1916; Instructor in aerial gunnery, Royal Flying Corps (Corporal), 1917-1918; Reader in Botany, University of London King's College, 1919-1921; Professor of Botany, University of London King's College, 1921-1942; Society of Experimental Biology, Secretary, 1923-1928; Amazon expedition, 1925; expedition to Kola Peninsula tundra and inspecting Russian plant breeding stations, 1926-1927; Canadian Arctic expedition (the Mackenzie River) recording blood group frequencies amongst the Inuit and indigenous Canadian population, 1928, South African expedition, making photographic records of South African peoples 1929; married Jane Williams, 1929 (dissolved); Consultative Council, Eugenics Society; Royal Anthropological Institute, Council, 1927-1933, 1935-1937; Council, Linnean Society, 1928-1932, Fellow of the Royal Society, 1931; Vice-President, 1931-1932; Council Royal Microscopical Society, Secretary, 1928-1930, President, 1930-1932, Honorary Fellow, 1951; delegate from British and American Associations to Indian Science Congress, Calcutta (Kolkata), 1937 also travelled in India during this time collecting botanic material and photographing jungle tribes; De Lamar Lectures at Johns Hopkins University on Human Heredity and Society, 1932; Lecture tour in American Universities, 1940-1942; Emeritus Professor, King's College London, 1943; Fellow of King's College; Lowell Lectures on Human Heredity, 1944; Research Fellow in Biology, Harvard University, 1946-1950; Honorary President of 7th International Botanical Congress, Stockholm, 1950 and of 8th Botanical Congress, Paris, 1954, while in Sweden visited Lapland to study Arctic vegetation and the Lapps; expedition to Cuban to study mixed race families, 1952; visit to North Africa, 1953; expedition to Mexico to study mixed race people, 1953; expedition to Eastern Canada to study indigenous Canadians, 1953; expedition to Japan to study Ainu people, racial genetics of the Japanese, and mixed race Japanese children, 1954; anthropological studies in South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, 1955; married Laura Greer, 1955; studies in Australia, especially of mixed race indigenous Australians, 1958, studies in New Guinea, New Zealand, 1958; studies in India, including the Kurumbas and the Kanikars in South India and the Asurs, Bihors and Muria Gonds in North India, 1959; Far East, 1960; Anthropological Studies in Iran, 1961; Guest of Indian Statistical Institute, 1961-1962; died 1962.

Publications (selection only):

The mutation factor in evolution, with particular reference to Oenothera (Macmillan & Co, New York, 1915)

Heredity and eugenics (Constable & Co, London, 1923)

A botanist in the Amazon valley (Witherby, London, 1927)

Heredity and man (Constable & Co, London, 1929)

Human genetics 2 vols(Macmillan & Co, London and New York, 1946)

Human ancestry (Harvard University Press, 1948)

Pedigrees of Negro families (Blakiston & Co, Philadelphia and Toronto, 1949)

Genetic linkage in man (W Junk, The Hague, 1955)

Taxonomy and genetics of oenothera : forty years study in the cytology and evolution of the Onagraceae (W Junk, The Hague, 1958).

Born at Hesley Hall, near Doncaster, Yorkshire, 1857; educated at Shrewsbury School and Wren's; obtained a place in the Civil Service and entered the Public Record Office as a junior clerk, 1879; promoted to senior clerk, 1892; promoted to assistant keeper, 1912; acted as resident officer from 1891; as inspecting officer of records from 1905; retired in 1921; his official duties were in modern departmental records, but he increasingly spent his leisure in research on medieval history; literary director of the Royal Historical Society, 1891-1938; honorary secretary, 1894-1903; vice-president, 1923-1927; promoted its succession to the work of the defunct Camden Society, 1897; active in the Selden Society from 1894, and vice-president, 1939-1942; closely associated with Sidney and Beatrice Webb in their history of English local government (1906-1929) and in the foundation of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895; The Red Book of the Exchequer (1896), of which Hall succeeded W D Selby as editor, was criticized in J H Round's Studies on the Red Book of the Exchequer; Reader in Palaeography and Economic History, University of London, 1896-1926; taught palaeography, diplomatic and economic history at the London School of Economics, 1896-1919; and at King's College London, 1919-1926; trained many contributors to the Victoria County History; secretary of the Royal Commission on public records, 1910-1918; the chief author of the appendixes to its three reports, 1912-1919; honorary LittD, Cambridge University, 1920; Vice-President of the Historical Association, 1925-1929; Special Lecturer, London School of Economics, 1926-1930; Special Examiner, University of London, and member of the Palæography Sub-Committee, Institute of Historical Research, 1930-1938; supervised the arrangement of British family manuscripts in the Huntington Library, USA, 1931-1932; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; died in Rochester, 1944. Publications: Introduction to the Study of the Pipe Rolls (Pipe Roll Society, 1884); A History of the Custom-Revenue in England (1885); Society in the Elizabethan Age (1886); Court Life under the Plantagenets (1890); The Antiquities and Curiosities of the Exchequer (1891); succeeded W D Selby as editor of the 'Rolls Series' edition of The Red Book of the Exchequer (3 volumes, 1896); The Receipt Roll of the Exchequer for Michaelmas Term xxxi Henry II, AD 1185 (1899); The English Historical Review and the Red Book of the Exchequer [1899]; The Pipe Roll of the Bishopric of Winchester 1208-1209 (1903); The Commonwealth Charter of the City of Salisbury 1656 (1907); Studies in English Official Historical Documents (1908); Formula book of English official historical documents (1908-1909); Select Bibliography for the Study, Sources and Literature of English Mediaeval Economic History (1914); A Repertory of British Archives (1920); British Archives and the Sources for the History of the World War (1925); List and Index of the Publications of the Royal Historical Society, 1871-1924, and of the Camden Society, 1840-1897 (1925); contributions to historical and antiquarian journals.

Born in Newhall, Derbyshire, 1919; educated at the Girls' High School, Burton-on-Trent, 1930-1938; read Zoology at Bedford College, London, 1938-1941; research student at Bedford College, 1941-1942, working on the histology of the vascular system of annelids; and worked at the Strangeways laboratory, Cambridge, 1941-1944; demonstrator in Zoology at Bedford College, 1944-1948; joined the Biophysical Research Unit at King's College London established by John Randall, 1948; researched the structural basis of muscular contraction, and moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology biology department under Professor Francis O Schmitt as a Rockefeller Foundation Research Fellow, 1953; collaborated with Hugh Esmor Huxley and formulated and tested the sliding filament hypothesis of muscular contraction; returned to the Biophysics Research Unit, 1954; continued research on sliding filament mechanism of muscular contraction, particularly in non striated muscles of invertebrates, the morphology of smooth muscle in invertebrates, the molecular structure of actin and bacterial flagella; Professor of Biology, University of London, 1966; elected fellow of the Royal Society, 1967; director of Muscle Biophysics Unit at King's College London, 1970; died 1973.

Born at Dundee, 1841; in his early years lived in or near Dublin, and at Killiney from 1850; educated by his father and subsequently at St Columba's College, Rathfarnham, from 1853; Charterhouse School, City of London, 1855-1858; entered Trinity College Cambridge, 1858; Porson scholar, 1859; Craven scholar, 1860; senior classic and first Chancellor's medallist, 1862; elected fellow of Trinity College, 1863; classical lecturer, 1863-1875; elected public orator of Cambridge University, 1869; participated in the reorganisation of classical lectures in the university on the intercollegiate plan; with Edward Byles Cowell, founded the Cambridge Philological Society and was the first secretary, 1868; examiner in London University, 1872; leader writer and reviewer on The Times; Professor of Greek, University of Glasgow, 1875-1889; introduced the novelty of lecturing one day a week on modern Greek; friends included Alfred, 1st Baron Tennyson, whose Harold he reviewed in The Times, 1876; visited Greece and explored its archæology, receiving from the King of Greece the Gold Cross of the Order of the Saviour, 1878; helped to found the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, 1879; honorary LLD, Edinburgh, 1879; began work on his edition of Sophocles, 1880; paid a first visit to America and received the degree of LLD from Harvard University, 1884; honorary LittD, Cambridge, 1885; active in the foundation of the British School of Archaeology at Athens, 1887; honorary fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1888; honorary LLD, Dublin, and honorary PhD, Bologna, 1888; composed a Pindaric ode to the University of Bologna, celebrating its 800th year of existence, 1888; to this Tennyson referred when he dedicated Demeter and Persephone to Jebb, 1889; Regius Professor of Greek, Cambridge University, and fellow of Trinity College, 1889-1905; lectured, mainly on the history of Greek literature, and was active in administration; delivered the Rede lecture at Cambridge, on Erasmus, 1890; honorary DCL, Oxford, 1891; succeeded Henry Cecil Raikes, MP for the University of Cambridge, as a Conservative, 1891; re-elected, 1892, 1895, 1900; besides serving on parliamentary committees, sat on the Royal Commission on Secondary Education, 1894; London University Commission, 1898; Commission on Irish University Education, 1901; a member of the consultative committee of the board of education from 1900; revisited the United States and delivered at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, lectures on The Growth and Influence of Greek Poetry', 1892; appointed fellow of the University of London by the crown, 1897; declined a knighthood, 1897; elected Honorary Professor of Ancient History by the Royal Academy, 1898; Romanes lecture, on 'Humanism in education', at Oxford, 1899; knighted, 1900; active in the formation of the British Academy; an original fellow when the Academy received its charter of incorporation, 1902; elected a trustee of the British Museum, 1903; became a member of the British Association and was elected a vice-president of the section of education, 1904; became president and delivered his address in Capetown and Johannesburg, 1905; Order of Merit, 1905; died at Cambridge, 1905; buried in St. Giles's cemetery, Cambridge. Publications: editions of Sophocles' Electra (1867) and Ajax (1868) in the Catena Classicorum series; edition of The Characters of Theophrastus (1870); Translations into Greek and Latin Verse (1873); Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeus (2 volumes, 1876); replied to Professor J P Mahaffy's charge of excessive obligation to the work of F Blass in Some Remarks (1876) and Rejoinder (1877); Primer of Greek Literature (1877); in collaboration with Henry Jackson and W E Currey, Translations in and from Greek and Latin Verse and Prose (1878); Selections from the Attic Orators (1880); Modern Greece (1880); The Progress of Greece (1880); Byron in Greece (1880); monograph on Bentley in the 'English Men of Letters' series (1882); Homer: an Introduction to the Iliad and Odyssey (1887); The Growth and Influence of Greek Poetry (1893); Humanism in Education (1899); Bacchylides (1905). His edition of Sophocles (the Greek text, English prose translation, critical notes on the text, and commentary) comprises Oedipus Tyrannus (1883), Oedipus Coloneus (1885), Antigone (1888), Philoctetes (1890), Trachiniæ (1892), Electra (1894) and Ajax (1896). Contributed to the Journal of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies; the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica; articles on Richard Bentley (1662-1742) and Richard Porson (1759-1808) for the Dictionary of National Biography; and a chapter onThe Classical Renaissance' for the Cambridge Modern History, i (1902). Wrote on Tennyson in T H Ward's English Poets, iv (1894). Sir John Sandys re-edited Characters of Theophrastus (1909) and prepared for the press Jebb's translation of Aristotle's Rhetoric (1909). His widow issued his Essays and Addresses (1907) and Life and Letters (1907).

Born at Glasgow, 1857; Kelly later prefixed his mother's surname, Fitzmaurice, to his own; educated at St Charles's College, Kensington, and learnt some Spanish from a fellow pupil; later taught himself to read Don Quixote; in Spain in 1885, where he acted as tutor to Don Ventura Misa in Jerez de la Frontera and formed friendships with Juan Valera, Gaspar Núñez de Arce, and other leading men of letters; returned to London, 1886; began to make a name for himself as an authority on Spain and as a reviewer for the Spectator, Athenæum, and Pall Mall Gazette; influenced by the critic William Ernest Henley; made his mark on Spanish studies with his life of Cervantes, 1892; corresponding member of the Spanish Academy, 1895; with his History of Spanish literature (1898) came to occupy a position of authority in the subject; delivered a Taylorian lecture at Oxford on Lope de Vega, 1902; member of council and medallist of the Hispanic Society of America, 1904; created knight of the order of Alfonso XII, 1905; elected fellow of the British Academy, 1906; supported himself by writing until chosen by the University of Liverpool as its first Gilmour professor of Spanish language and literature, 1909-1916; member of the Academy of History, Madrid, 1912; member of the Academy of Buenas Letras, Barcelona, 1914; Cervantes Professor of Spanish language and literature, King's College London, 1916-1920; retired from teaching, but continued his literary work, 1920; member of the Academy of Sciences, Lisbon, 1922; died at his house at Sydenham, 1923. Publications: Life of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1892); History of Spanish Literature (1898, new editions 1913, 1926); with John Ormsby, edited Don Quixote (1898-1899); edited Complete Works of Cervantes (only Galatea, Exemplary Novels, and Don Quixote were published, 1901-1903); Cervantes in England (1905); Chapters on Spanish Literature (1908); 39 articles on Spanish literature and authors in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th edition, 1910); Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1913); The Oxford Book of Spanish Verse (1913); Cervantes and Shakespeare (1916); Cambridge Readings in Spanish Literature (1920); summarized Cervantine studies for the Year Book of Modern Languages (1920); selection of his letters published in the Revue Hispanique, lxxiv (1928). All his principal works were translated into Spanish.

David McDowall Hannay, journalist and author, was born in London, 1853; educated at St Peter's College, Westminster; British Vice Consul at Barcelona; journalist, Pall Mall Gazette, Saturday Review, and St James's Gazette; died, 1934. Publications include: Admiral Blake (1886); Rodney (1891); Don Emilio Castelar (1896); Short History of Royal Navy (2 volumes, 1898, 1909); Ships and Men (1910); The Great Chartered Companies (1926).

Born 1873; educated King Edward's School, Birmingham, and King's College, London; Assistant Lecturer in Physics, King's College London; Lecturer in Imperial and Colonial History, King's College London, 1914-1918; Rhodes Lecturer, University and King's College, London, 1914-1918; Secretary of Imperial Studies Committee, University of London, 1914-1918; Organiser of Imperial Studies Committee, Royal Empire Society, 1914; visited universities of the US and the British Dominions under the auspices of the Universities Bureau of Empire and the Institute of International Education, 1919-1920; Rhodes Professor of Imperial History, King's College London, 1920-1938; member of the Governing Committee of the Institute of Historical Research, University of London, 1921; Vice-President of the Historical Association, since 1924; Vice-President, Royal Historical Society; Visiting Professor in the University of the Punjab and Reader in the University of Calcutta, India, 1928-1929; retired 1938; died 1942.

Publications: The principals of training for historical investigation (Calcutta, 1929); The establishment of responsible government in Cape Colony, 1870-1872; A short history of British colonial policy revised by Newton (Methuen and Co, London, 1932); editor of Vols 41-43 of Calendar of state papers, colonial series (London, 1860-); The English-American (Routledge and Sons, London, 1928); introduction to Letters from early New Zealand (Private, Plymouth, 1936); editor of Imperial studies (London, 1927-); editor of The Empire and the future. A series of Imperial Studies lectures delivered in the University of London, King's College (Macmillan and Co, London, 1916); A hundred years of the British Empire (Duckworth, London, 1940); A junior history of the British Commonwealth and Empire (Blackie and Son, London and Glasgow, 1933); An introduction to the study of colonial history (1919); editor of Federal and unified constitutions. A collection of constitutional documents for the use of students (London, 1923); Newfoundland to 1783 (1930); editor of Select documents relating to the unification of South Africa (Frank Cass and Co, London, 1968); The beginnings of English colonisation, 1569-1618; The British Empire to 1783 (Methuen and Co, London, 1935); The colonising activities of the English puritans (1914); The European nations in the West Indies, 1493-1688 (A and C Black, London, 1933); editor of The great age of discovery (University of London Press, London, 1932); editor of The Imperial Studies series (J.M. Dent and Sons, London and Toronto, 1917-1919); The old Empire and the new (1917); editor of The sea commonwealth and other papers (1919); editor of The staple trades of the Empire (1918); The universities and educational systems of the British Empire (W Collins Sons and Co, London, [1924]); editor of Travel and travellers of the Middle Ages (Kegan Paul and Co, London, 1926); United States and colonial developments, 1815-1846: Anglo-American relations during the Civil War (1923); The British Empire since 1783 (Methuen and Co, London, 1929); editor of Empire builders (1920); editor of The Cambridge history of the British Empire (University Press, Cambridge, 1929-1959); Calendar of the manuscripts of Major-General Lord Sackville...preserved at Knole, Sevenoaks, Kent (London, 1940-).

Born, 1890; educated at Westminster School (scholar); Oriel College Oxford (scholar); 1st Class Moderations, 1911; 2nd Class Literae Humaniores, 1914; BA, 1914; MA, 1915; Assistant Master, Marlborough College, 1914-1918; Westminster School, 1919-1921; Rector of Kelvinside Academy, Glasgow, 1921-1929; temporary Junior Assistant, Air Ministry, 1941-1943; temporary Senior Assistant, Foreign Office, 1943-1945; Lecturer in Department of Classics and Sub-Dean of the Faculty of Arts, King's College London, 1945-1957; Chairman, English Association, 1959-1964; Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature; died, 1972. Publications: with B V F Brackenbury, Elementary French Exercises (1917); Kelvinside Academy, 1878-1928; Gibbon's Journal (1929); Edward Gibbon (1937); London is London (1949); Virgil and the English Augustans (a paper read to the Virgil Society, 1952); Norman Douglas, A Selection from his Works (1955); A Century of Writers, 1855-1955 (1955); Essays and Studies Collected for the English Association (1955); abridged Edward Gibbon's The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1960); Trends in English Pronunciation (1960). Contributor to: Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature; Encyclopaedia Britannica. Novels: Twice Shy (1933); This Sweet Work (1935). Translations: Natalia Ginzburg, Voices in the Evening (1963) and Family Sayings (1967); Ercole Patti, Roman Chronicle (1965).

Born 1831; student, University of Edinburgh, 1847-1850; Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1850; Trinity College, Cambridge, 1850-1854; Fellow of Trinity, 1855; Professor of Natural Philosophy, Marischal College, Aberdeen, 1856-1860; Professor of Natural Philosophy, King's College London, 1860-1865; private studies, 1865-1871; Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Cambridge, 1871-1879; died, 1879.

Publications: On the stability of the motion of Saturn's rings (Cambridge, 1859); Introductory lecture on experimental physics (London and Cambridge, 1871); A treatise on electricity and magnetism, 2 vols (1873); edited The electrical researches of the Honourable Henry Cavendish (Cambridge, 1879)

Born 1869; educated Merchant Taylors' School, London; St John's College, Oxford; Pusey and Ellerton Hebrew Scholar, 1889; Casberd Scholar of St John's College, 1891; first class Theology, School, 1892; Junior Kennicott Scholar, 1893; first class Semitic Languages, 1894; Houghton Syriac Prize, 1895; ordained, 1896; Hebrew Master at Merchant Taylors' School, 1897-1904; Vicar of Linton Ross, 1904-1909; Rector of Sutton, Sandy, Bedfordshire, 1909-1930; Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis, King's College London, 1918-1926; Davidson Professor of Old Testament Studies in the University of London, 1926-1930; died 1942. Publications: include: The Religion and Worship of the Synagogue (with William Oscar Emil Oesterley), (Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, London, 1907); The Book of Isaiah (Sir I Pitman and Sons, London, 1908); A Short Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament (Rivingtons, London, 1909); The Ezra-Apocalypse (Sir I Pitman and Sons, London, 1912); Sirach (jointly) and II. Esdras, in Charles' Apocrypha and Pseudepigraphia 2 vols, (London, 1913); The Virgin Birth of Jesus (Sir I Pitman and Sons, 1916); Translations of Early Documents: a series of texts important for the study of Christian Origins, by various authors, Joint editor (with William Oscar Emil Oesterley), (SPCK, London, 1916-1937); The Apocalypse of Ezra (SPCK, London, 1917); The Apocalypse of Abraham (SPCK, London, 1918); A Short Survey of the Literature of Rabbinical and Mediaeval Judaism (with William Oscar Emil Oesterley), (SPCK, London, 1920); St Matthew, Editor, (Century Bible, 1922); The Clarendon Bible, General Editor (with the Bishops of Newcastle and Ripon), (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1922-1947); The Testament of Abraham (SPCK, London, 1927); Judaism in the Greek Period from the rise of Alexander the Great to the intervention of Rome, 333 to 63 BC (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1932); Some Notes on the Apocalyptic Teaching of Jesus (SPCK, London, 1933).

Born, 1821; educated at home; after a brief period studying at King's College London, entered University College Oxford (of which his uncle, Frederick Charles Plumptre, was Master, 1836-1870) as a scholar; took a double first-class in mathematics and classics, 1844; elected to a fellowship at Brasenose; ordained by Bishop Samuel Wilberforce, 1846; MA, 1847; resigned his fellowship on his marriage, 1847; for a period his religious views were influenced by his brother-in-law Frederick Denison Maurice, but later in life he rejected his conclusions; joined the staff of King's College London, where he introduced evening classes; chaplain, 1847-1868; professor of pastoral theology, 1853-1863; professor of exegesis, 1864-1881; took a leading role in promoting the higher education of women, and until 1877 a professor of Queen's College, Harley Street, where he was principal, 1875-1877; assistant preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 1851-1858; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1863; Boyle lecturer, 1866; rector of Pluckley from 1869 and of Bickley from 1873; member of the Old Testament revision committee, 1869-1874; Grinfield lecturer and examiner at Oxford, 1872-1874; resigned his work in London on becoming Dean of Wells, 1881-1891; served not only the cathedral and the Theological College but the city of Wells and its hospital, almshouse and workhouse; died at Wells, 1891; buried in the cathedral cemetery. Publications: contributed to the Cambridge Bible, Speaker's Commentary, and Bible Educator; wrote Christ and Christendom. The Boyle Lectures for 1866 (1867); Biblical Studies (1870); St Paul in Asia (1877); Popular Exposition of the Epistles to the Seven Churches (1877 and 1879); Movements in Religious Thought: Romanism, Protestantism, Agnosticism (1879); Theology and Life (1884); The Spirits in Prison, and other studies on Life after Death (1884 and 1885); Wells Cathedral and its Deans (1888); Life of Bishop Ken (1888). Verse: Lazarus and other poems (1864); Master and Scholar (1866); Things New and Old (1884); several hymns. Translated the plays of Sophocles (1865) and of Æschylus (1868); English version of Dante's work, The Divina Commedia and Canzoniere of Dante Alighieri; with Biographical Introduction, Notes and Essays (volume i, 1886; volume ii, 1887).

Born in Manchester, 1869; his interest in Portugal arose from reading adventure stories, particularly of Vasco da Gama's voyage to India; while at school at Radley, began to study Portuguese; converted to Roman Catholicism, 1886; first visited Portugal, 1891; second class in modern history, Balliol College Oxford, 1891; admitted in 1896 and practised as a solicitor in his father's firm, Allen, Prestage & Whitfield, at Manchester until 1907; often visited Lisbon, mainly for historical research, and befriended several prominent Portuguese scholars, 1891-1906; elected to the Portuguese Royal Academy of Sciences; in Lisbon, introduced to the salon of Dona Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho, a distinguished writer and widow of the Brazilian poet Gonçalves Crespo, whose daughter he married, 1907; later lived in Lisbon; pursued research in the Portuguese state and private libraries; a monarchist, never reconciled to the republican regime until the advent of Dr Salazar; press officer at the British legation in Lisbon, 1917-1918; Camoens Professor of Portuguese, King's College London, 1923-1936; engaged in little teaching and mostly in research, arranging periodical public lectures on Portuguese themes; delivered the Norman MacColl lectures at Cambridge, 1933; lecture on the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance to the Royal Historical Society, 1934; elected Fellow of the British Academy, 1940; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society; grand officer of the Order of São Tiago; corresponding member of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, the Portuguese Academy of History, and the Lisbon Geographical Society; in his later years, concerned with spiritual matters rather than work; died in London, 1951. Publications include: translation, from the French, of Letters of a Portuguese Nun: Marianna Alcoforado (1893); with (Sir) C R Beazley, translated for the Hakluyt Society the chronicler Azurara (2 volumes, 1896, 1899); biography, in Portuguese, of the writer D Francisco Manuel de Mello (Coimbra, 1914); published diplomatic correspondence relating to the Portuguese Restoration of 1640, including (collaboratively) that of João F Barreto, Relação da Embaixada a França em 1641 (Coimbra, 1918) and of F de Sousa Coutinho, Correspondência Diplomática (Coimbra, volume i, 1920; volume ii, 1926; volume iii, 1950); Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1640 to 1668 (Watford, 1925 and Coimbra, 1928); Afonso de Albuquerque (1929); The Portuguese Pioneers (1933); Portugal: a Pioneer of Christianity (1933); lecture on the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance to the Royal Historical Society included in the society's Transactions, 1934; numerous articles in Portuguese historical reviews; contributed chapters to several publications; compiled a bibliography on Portugal and the War of the Spanish Succession (1938); published various Lisbon parish registers.

Born at Wolverhampton, 1875; educated at home, except for three years at a private school in Folkestone; read history and botany at King's College for Women, London; developed a knowledge of the art of France and Italy and travelled abroad each spring, 1898-1913; first work published, 1902; married (Hubert) Stuart Moore, a barrister, 1907; converted to Christianity, 1907; initially sympathetic to Roman Catholicism, but subsequently leant towards Anglicanism on intellectual grounds; after her conversion Underhill's life consisted of various religious work including writing, visiting the poor, and offering spiritual guidance, the latter increasing over time; published her first important book, Mysticism, 1911; honorary fellow of King's College for Women, 1913; became acquainted with the theologian Baron Friedrich Von Hugel to whom she was indebted spiritually; formally under his spiritual direction, 1921-1925; became a practising Anglican, 1921; Upton Lecturer on Religion, Manchester College Oxford, 1921-1922; began to conduct retreats, especially at Pleshey, Essex, 1924; several books were based on these; other publications included three novels, two books of verse, works on philosophy and religion, editions of and critical essays on the mystics John of Ruysbroeck and Walter Hilton, and reviews and articles for The Spectator, of which she was theological editor, and later for Time and Tide; fellow of King's College London, 1927; in the 1930s became deeply interested in the Greek Orthodox Church and joined the Fellowship of St Alban and St Sergius; although employed in the naval intelligence (Africa) department at the Admiralty during World War One, her views changed and she was a Christian pacifist, 1939; joined the Anglican Pacifist Fellowship; honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity, University of Aberdeen, 1939; died at Hampstead, 1941. Cf The Letters of Evelyn Underhill, edited with an introduction by Charles Williams (1943). Cited in the Church of England Calendar from 1997. Publications include A Bar-Lamb's Ballad Book (1902), containing humorous verse concerned with the law; Mysticism (1911); Immanence. A book of verses [1913]; The Life of the Spirit and the Life of To-day (1922), based on her Upton lectures; Worship (1936), written for the Library of Constructive Theology; The spiritual life (1937); The Church and War (1940), written for the Anglican Pacifist Fellowship. Editor of or contributor to: The Miracles of Our Lady Saint Mary, brought out of divers tongues and newly set forth in English (1905); A Book of Contemplation the which is called the Cloud of Unknowing, in the which a soul is oned with God, edited from the British Museum MS Harleian 674, with an introduction by Underhill (1912); One Hundred Poems of Kabir, translated by Rabindranath Tagore, with an introduction by Underhill (1914); The Fire of Love or Melody of Love and the Mending of Life or Rule of Living, translated by Richard Misyn from the 'Incedium Amoris' and the 'De Emendatione Vitae', edited and done into modern English by Frances M M Comper, with an introduction by Underhill (1914); The Adornment of the Spiritual Marriage. The Sparkling Stone. The Book of Supreme Truth, translated from the Flemish by C A Wynschenk Dom, edited with an introduction and notes by Underhill (1916); Caroline Frances Eleanor Spurgeon, The Training of the Combatant: an address delivered for the Fight for Right Movement, with a note on the movement by Underhill (1916); The Confessions of Jacob Boehme, edited by W Scott Palmer, with an introduction by Underhill (1920); Walter Hylton, The Scale of Perfection, edited from MS sources with an introduction by Underhill (1923); Cardinal Nicolaus de Cusa Khrypffs, The Vision of God (De Visione Dei), translated by Emma Gurney Salter, with an introduction by Underhill (1928); A Simple Method of Raising the Soul to Contemplation, translated by Lucy Menzies, with an introduction by Underhill (1931); Margaret Beatrice Cropper, Christ Crucified. A Passion play in six scenes, with an introductory note by Underhill (1932); Letters of direction. Thoughts on the spiritual life from the letters of the Abbe de Tourville, with an introduction by Underhill (1939); Eucharistic Prayers from the Ancient Liturgies, chosen and arranged by Underhill (1939). Published pseudonymously, as John Cordelier: The Path of the Eternal Wisdom. A mystical commentary on the Way of the Cross (1911); The Spiral Way. Being meditations upon the fifteen mysteries of the soul's ascent (1912). Some of her work has been reprinted and anthologised.

Born, 1795; student, Lincoln's Inn, London, 1815; called to the Bar, 1822; Professor of English Law and Jurisprudence, King's College London, 1831-1833; died, 1833.

Publications: The topography and natural history of Hampstead (White, Cochrane & Co, London, 1814); A treatise on the law of dower; particularly with a view to the modern practice of conveyancing (London, 1819); A contre-projet to the Humphreysian code; and to the projects of redaction of Messrs Hammond, Uniacke and Twiss (London, 1828); Juridical letters, addressed to the Right Hon R Peel, in reference to the present crisis of law reform (London, 1830); An introductory lecture delivered at King's College (London, 1831); What are courts of equity? a lecture delivered at King's College (London, 1832); The dogmas of the constitution. Four lectures (London, 1832); Conservative reform. A letter (London, 1832); Systems of registration and conveyancing. A lecture delivered at King's College London (London, 1833).

Born in Aberdeen, 1806; educated at Marischal College, University of Aberdeen, gaining an MA, 1822; studied Art at the school of the Royal Academy, and became acquainted with Alexander Day and William Holwell Carr; visited Rome, studying in particular Titian and Nicholas Poussin, 1825-1826; returned to Aberdeen and painted 'Bacchus nursed by the Nymphs of Nysa', which was exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1827; returned to Rome, 1827, developing his painting style which became known as 'pre-Raphaelite' - he is credited as the originator of the movement in English art; painted 'Madonna and Child', 1828 which was well received amongst the artists in Rome; returned to Aberdeen, 1828 and pursued painting and science; settled at Edinburgh, and painted over one hundred portraits, 1830-[1837]; elected a fellow of the Royal Society at Edinburgh, 1832; elected an associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, 1835; exhibited several paintings in Edinburgh and the Royal Academy, 1830-1837; led an inquiry into the working of design schools in Europe, [1838]-1840; director and secretary of the Council of the School of Design, 1840-1843; inspector of provincial schools, 1843-[1844]; Professor of Fine Arts, King's College London, 1844; published his lecture Theory of the fine arts, (London, 1844); painted the fresco 'Baptism of Ethelbert' in the House of Lords, 1846; elected member of the Royal Academy, 1848; commissioned to paint twenty-eight frescos for the House of Lords, 1848 (only five were completed by his death); appointed a juror of the Great Exhibition, 1851; undertook the interior decoration of All Saints Church, Margaret Street, 1858-1859; died in Streatham, 1864.

Born 8 March 1904; educated Wellington College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned Lincolnshire Regt, 1923; language officer, interpreter and intelligence officer, travelling in Japan, China, Dutch East Indies, Manchuria and Korea, 1930-1939; served World War Two, 1939-1945 (wounded, POW in Japanese hands, 1941-1945); married Emily Hahn, 1945; retired from Army with rank of Major, 1947; appointed Camões Professor of Portuguese, King's College London, 1947-1951; Professor of the History of the Far East, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1951-1953; re-appointed Camões Professor, 1953-1967; elected Fellow of the British Academy 1957; Trustee of the National Maritime Museum, 1961-1968; Fellow of King's College London, 1967; Emeritus Professor of Portuguese, University of London, 1968; Professor of the History of Expansion of Europe Overseas, Yale, 1969-1972; Visiting Research Professor, Indiana University, 1967-1979; Emeritus Professor of History, Yale, 1972; Honorary Fellow, SOAS, 1974; Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, 1976; Honorary doctorates of the Universities of Utrecht (1950), Lisbon (1952), Bahia (1959), Liverpool (1966), Hong Kong (1971), Peradeniya (1980); Gold Medal, Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, 1986; Order of Santiago da Espada (Portugal, 1990); Grand Cross of the Order of the Infante Dom Henrique (Portugal); Kt Order of St Gregory the Great, 1969; died 27 April 2000.

Publications: (selection of principal works only), The commentaries of Ruy Freyre de Andrade (Routledge, London, 1930); The journal of Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp, Anno 1639 (Cambridge University Press, London, 1930); A true description of the mighty kingdoms of Japan and Siam (Argonaut Press, London, 1935); Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600-1817 (M Nijhoff, The Hague, 1936); Fidalgos in the Far East, 1550-1770, (M Nijhoff, The Hague, 1948); The Christian century in Japan, 1549-1640 (University of California, Berkeley, 1951); Salvador Correia de Sá and the struggle for Brazil and Angola (Athlone Press, London, 1952); South China in the 16th Century (Hakluyt Society, London, 1953); The Dutch in Brazil, 1624-1654 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1957); The tragic history of the sea, 1589-1622 (Hakluyt Society/Cambridge University Press, London/Cambridge, 1959); The great ship from Amacon (CEHU, Lisbon, 1959); Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa (Hollis and Carter, London, 1960); The golden age of Brazil, 1695-1750 (University of California, Berkeley, 1962); Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1963); The Dutch seaborne Empire, 1600-1800 (Hutchinson, London, 1965); Portuguese Society in the Tropics (University of Wisconsin Press, London, 1966); Further selections from the tragic history of the sea, (Hakluyt Society/Cambridge University Press, London/Cambridge, 1969); The Portuguese seaborne empire, 1415-1825, (Hutchinson, London, 1969); Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th Century (National Maritime Museum, London, 1974); Mary and Misogyny (Duckworth, London, 1975); A descriptive list of the State Papers Portugal, 1661-1780, in the Public Record Office 3 vols (ACL/British Academy, Lisbon/London, 1979, 1983); João de Barros: Portuguese humanist and historian of Asia (Concept, New Delhi, 1981); From Lisbon to Goa 1500-1750 (Variorum reprints, London, 1984); Portuguese Conquest and Commerce in Southern Asia 1500-1750 (Variorum reprints, London, 1985); Portuguese Merchants and Missionaries in Feudal Japan 1543-1640 (Variorum reprints, London, 1986); Dutch Merchants and Mariners in Asia 1602-1795 (Variorum reprints, London, 1988).

Born 1906; student, Faculty of Theology, King's College London, 1929-1933; elected AKC, 1932; ordained deacon, 1932; ordained priest, St Paul's Cathedral, 4 Oct 1933; Curate, St Giles-in-the-Fields, 1932-1935; Curate, St Matthew, Ashford, Middlesex, 1935-1938; Vicar, St Matthew, Yiewsley, Middlesex, 1938-1973; Rural Dean of Uxbridge, Middlesex, 1957-1967; Prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, 1960-1973; Prebendary Emeritus, 1973-1983; died 1983.

Born, 1824; educated at a school at his birthplace in Huntly, West Aberdeenshire, Scotland; attended King's College, Aberdeen, 1840-1845; entered theological college at Highbury, London, 1848; minister, congregational chapel, Arundel, Sussex, 1850-1853; relocates to Manchester, 1853; publishes first book of poetry, Within and without (London, 1855); recuperation from disease in Algiers, 1856; living in Hastings, Sussex, 1857-1860; publishes the prose romance, Phantastes, (London, 1858); settles in London and builds social contacts with literary figures such as John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold and Robert Browning, 1859; Professor of English Literature, Bedford College, London, 1859; lectures at King's College London, 1866-1868; lecture tour of United States, 1872; first performance of play, Pilgrim's Progress, 1877; due to ill health spends large part of year at home, Casa Coraggio, Borighera, Italy, 1881-1902; publishes Lilith; died, 1905. Publications: Within and without (London, 1855); Phantastes, (London, 1858); David Elginbrod (London, 1863); Alec Forbes of Howglen (London, 1865); Robert Falconer (London, 1868); At the back of the north wind (London, 1871); The princess and the goblin (London, 1872); Wilfrid Cumbermede (London, 1872); Exotics. A translation of the spiritual songs of Novalis (London, 1876); The princess and Curdie (London, 1882); Lilith (London, 1895).

Born at Normanston, near Lowestoft, 1805; Trinity College Cambridge, 1823; Trinity Hall Cambridge, 1825; went to London to read for the bar, 1826; returned to Cambridge and took a first class in the civil law classes, 1826-1827; joint editor of the Metropolitan Quarterly Magazine from 1825; wrote several articles, attacking Bentham and praising writers including Samuel Taylor Coleridge; contributed to the Westminster Review, 1827-1828; contributed to and then edited the newly-launched Athenaeum, 1828; entered Exeter College Oxford, 1830; baptised in Church of England, 1831; took a second class degree, 1831; ordained to the curacy of Bubbenhall, near Leamington, 1834; his novel Eustace Conway, begun c1830 and published in 1834, was praised by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, although they never met; became chaplain to Guy's Hospital, London, 1836; lectured the students on moral philosophy; The Kingdom of Christ stated his fundamental convictions, which were opposed to the tenets of all the chief church parties, 1838; its publication stimulated attacks from the religious press, which were to endure for the rest of his life; editor of a newly founded Educational Magazine, 1839-1841; believed that the school system should not be transferred from the church to the state; elected professor of English literature and history at King's College London, 1840; the suggestion of Julius Hare in 1843 that Maurice might succeed to the principalship of King's College and the preachership to Lincoln's Inn was countered by his belief that his unpopularity with the chief parties in the church would cause divisions within the College; became acquainted with Charles Kingsley, 1844; appointed Boyle lecturer and Warburton lecturer, 1845; became a professor at the newly-founded theological department at King's College, 1846; elected chaplain of Lincoln's Inn and resigned the chaplaincy at Guy's Hospital, 1846; with other professors at King's College, founded Queen's College to meet the needs of governesses, 1848; affected by the revolutionary movements of 1848, but believed that Christianity rather than secularist doctrines was the only sound foundation for social reconstruction; spiritual leader of the `Christian Socialists' and - sometimes reluctantly - presided over many of their practical endeavours, 1848-1852; Maurice was growing in disfavour with the chief religious parties, his Christian Socialism represented as implying the acceptance of various atheistic and immoral revolutionary doctrines; attacked in the Quarterly Review, 1851; the principal of King's College, Richard William Jelf, solicited an explanation and pointed out the undesirability of his connection with Kingsley (wrongly suspected of contributing to the freethinking Leader), suggesting resignation of his professorships as an alternative to disavowal; Jelf accepted Maurice's denial of some charges; the council of King's College appointed a committee of inquiry which reported in Maurice's favour; the matter was dropped for a time, but the publication of Maurice's Theological Essays, 1853, brought a new attack; Jelf brought before the council Maurice's defence of his doctrine that the popular belief in the endlessness of future punishment was superstitious and not sanctioned by the strictest interpretation of the articles; following a long correspondence with Jelf, a council meeting voted that Maurice's doctrines were dangerous, and that his continued connection with the college would be detrimental, 1853; Maurice was hurt by Jelf's decision that he should not even finish his course of lectures; he challenged the council to say which of the articles condemned his teaching, but they declined to continue the discussion; on Maurice's departure he received sympathy from friends and former pupils; his offer to resign the chaplaincy was declined by the benchers of Lincoln's Inn; resigned the chairmanship of the committee of Queen's College and his lectureship there but later resumed the position, opposition having been withdrawn, 1856; drew up a scheme for a Working Men's College, gave lectures in its behalf, and delivered its inaugural address at St Martin's Hall, 1854; Maurice became principal and was active in teaching and superintending; countered H L Mansel's Bampton lectures, 1858, with his What is Revelation?, and a controversy ensued; controversially appointed to the chapel of St Peter's, Vere Street, London, 1860; elected, almost unanimously, to the Knightbridge professorship of 'casuistry, moral theology, and moral philosophy' at Cambridge, 1866; retained the Vere Street Chapel until 1869; agreed to serve on the commission upon contagious diseases, 1870; accepted St Edward's, Cambridge, with no income and little parish work but regular preaching, 1870; also gave professorial lectures and saw undergraduates personally; by 1870 his health was declining, but accepted the Cambridge preachership at Whitehall, 1871; continued to preach, 1871-1872; resigned St Edward's, 1872; died, 1872; buried at Highgate. Cf Life of Frederick Denison Maurice, chiefly told in his own Letters, edited by his son, Frederick Maurice (1884). Publications: Eustace Conway, or the Brother and Sister, a novel (1834); Subscription no Bondage (1835); The Kingdom of Christ, or Hints to a Quaker respecting the Principle, Constitution, and Ordinances of the Catholic Church (1838 and later editions); Has the Church or the State power to Educate the Nation? (1839), a course of lectures; Reasons for not joining a Party in the Church; a Letter to S Wilberforce (1841); Three Letters to the Rev W Palmer (1842), on the Jerusalem bishopric; Right and Wrong Methods of supporting Protestantism (1843), letter to Lord Ashley; Christmas Day, and other Sermons (1843); The New Statute and Dr Ward (1845); Thoughts on the Rule of Conscientious Subscription (1845); The Epistle to the Hebrews (1846), Warburtonian lectures, with preface on J H Newman's Theory of Development; Letter on the Attempt to Defeat the Nomination of Dr Hampden (1847); Thoughts on the Duty of a Protestant on the present Oxford Election (1847); The Religions of the World, and their Relations to Christianity (1847), Boyle lectures; The Lord's Prayer (1848), nine sermons; Queen's College, London; its Objects and Methods (1848); The Prayer Book, considered especially in reference to the Romish System (1849), nineteen sermons at Lincoln's Inn; The Church a Family (1850), twelve sermons at Lincoln's Inn; Queen's College, London (1850), reply to the Quarterly Review; The Old Testament (1851), nineteen sermons at Lincoln's Inn (second edition as Patriarchs and Law-givers of the Old Testament, 1855); Sermons on the Sabbath Day, on the Character of the Warrior, and on the Interpretation of History (1853); Theological Essays (1853, second edition 1854 with new preface and concluding essay); The word Eternal and the Punishment of the Wicked (1853), letter to Dr Jelf; The Prophets and Kings of the Old Testament (1853), sermons at Lincoln's Inn; The Doctrine of Sacrifice deduced from the Scriptures (1854); Ecclesiastical History of the First and Second Centuries (1854); The Unity of the New Testament, a Synopsis of the First Three Gospels, and the Epistles of St James, St Jude, St Peter, and St Paul (1854); Learning and Working, six lectures at Willis's Rooms, with Rome and its Influence on Modern Civilisation, four lectures at Edinburgh (1855); The Epistles of St John: a Series of Lectures on Christian Ethics (1857); The Eucharist (1857), five sermons; The Gospel of St John (1857), sermons; The Indian Mutiny (1857), five sermons; What is Revelation? (1859), with letters on the Bampton lectures of Dr Mansel; Sequel to the Enquiry, What is Revelation? (1860); Lectures on the Apocalypse (1861); Dialogues on Family Worship (1862); Claims of the Bible and of Science (1863), on the Colenso controversy; The Gospel of the Kingdom of Heaven (1864), eighteen lectures on the Gospel according to St Luke; The Conflict of Good and Evil in our Day (1864), twelve letters to a missionary; The Workman and the Franchise; Chapters from English History on the Representation and Education of the People (1866); Casuistry, Moral Philosophy, and Moral Theology (1866), inaugural lecture at Cambridge; The Commandments considered as Instruments of National Reformation (1866); The Ground and Object of Hope for Mankind (1867), four university sermons; The Conscience, Lectures on Casuistry (1868); Social Morality (1869), lectures at Cambridge; the article Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy for the Encyclopædia Metropolitana was expanded into three volumes published in the second edition of the Encyclopædia, firstly Ancient Philosophy (1850), secondly Philosophy of the First Six Centuries (1853), and thirdly Mediæval Philosophy (1857), continued by Modern Philosophy (1862), with the four published as Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy (2 volumes, 1871-1872); Sermons preached in Country Churches (1873); The Friendship of Books, and other Lectures, edited by Thomas Hughes (1874); and a few occasional sermons. A bibliography of Maurice's writings by G J Gray was published by Messrs Macmillan in 1885.

Born in Swansea, 1909; educated at Swansea Grammar School and at the University of Wales, Swansea, 1927-1932; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1932-1935, where he contributed to pioneering work on the science of spectroscopy, and the absorption spectra of polyatomic molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet; attached to Physical Chemistry Laboratory, molecular structure group, at the University of Cambridge, 1935-1943, where his team worked to measure ionisation potentials of molecules and produced high resolution spectra. Employed at Cambridge and the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, from 1939, and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), Billingham, 1943-1946, on applying spectroscopy to the war effort, in particular by determining the composition of alloys used in enemy aircraft and developing industrial uses for spectroscopy. Price was a Research Associate at the University of Chicago, 1946-1947, before being appointed to King's College London in 1948, where he was at first attached to the Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit and studied the structure of biological fibres including collagen and hydrogen bonding within DNA base pairs, in collaboration with Rosalind Franklin, and was active at this time in designing important new infrared spectroscopic apparatus. Price was appointed Reader of Physics at King's in 1949, was elected to the Royal Society in 1959, appointed Wheatstone Professor of Physics at King's College in 1962 and made Head of Department. During the 1960s, he played a leading role in developing the new science of photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the energies of molecular orbitals, and studying, in particular, the spectra of benzene, before retiring in 1976. He died in 1993.

Born in Swansea, 1909; educated at Swansea Grammar School and at the University of Wales, Swansea, 1927-1932; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1932-1935, where he contributed to pioneering work on the science of spectroscopy, and the absorption spectra of polyatomic molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet; attached to Physical Chemistry Laboratory, molecular structure group, at the University of Cambridge, 1935-1943, where his team worked to measure ionisation potentials of molecules and produced high resolution spectra. Employed at Cambridge and the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, from 1939, and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), Billingham, 1943-1946, on applying spectroscopy to the war effort, in particular by determining the composition of alloys used in enemy aircraft and developing industrial uses for spectroscopy. Price was a Research Associate at the University of Chicago, 1946-1947, before being appointed to King's College London in 1948, where he was at first attached to the Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit and studied the structure of biological fibres including collagen and hydrogen bonding within DNA base pairs, in collaboration with Rosalind Franklin, and was active at this time in designing important new infrared spectroscopic apparatus. Price was appointed Reader of Physics at King's in 1949, was elected to the Royal Society in 1959, appointed Wheatstone Professor of Physics at King's College in 1962 and made Head of Department. During the 1960s, he played a leading role in developing the new science of photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the energies of molecular orbitals, and studying, in particular, the spectra of benzene, before retiring in 1976. He died in 1993.

Date of birth unknown; educated privately in Brussels and elsewhere prior to 1935, nurse tending to tuberculosis patients in the Royal Sea Bathing Hospital, Margate, 1935-1937; Radcliffe Infirmary Preliminary Training School, Headington, Oxford, 1937-1939; Civil Nursing Reserve during World War Two, 1939-1945; worked as a nurse in Cornwall following the War; Diploma in Social Studies and BSc in Sociology, University of London, completed 1955; worked on studies into deprivation and disability for Cornwall County Council leading to wider changes in family welfare provision, 1955-1965; involved in hospital management in Cornwall and the South Western Regional Health Board, including as Chairman in the Cornish health authorities, 1965-1977; Kensington, Chelsea and Westminster Family Practitioner Committee member, 1979-1985; Paddington and North Kensington District Health Authority, 1981-1986; Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Family Practitioner Committee, 1987-1990; Chairman, Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Family Health Services Authority, 1993-1996; member of Medical Research Council (MRC), 1980-1987; consultancy work, 1988-2002.

Education, BSc sandwich course in Sociology and Social Administration, University of Southampton, 1972-1977; nursing training at St Thomas's Hospital, 1973-1975; MSc at South Bank Polytechnic, 1978-1980; PhD Nursing Studies, University of London, 1995; work at Department of Nursing Studies, Chelsea College, 1980-1985; King's College London, 1985-2002; Senior Lecturer, 1989; Professor of Community Nursing, 1992; specialist expertise in chronic disease care for people living at home. Publications: Health visiting and health experience of infants in three areas (London, 1985); edited Research in preventive community nursing care. Fifteen studies in health visiting (Chichester, 1986); Caring for children. Towards partnership with families (London, 1991); edited Health in the inner-city (London, 1991); Alison While, Julia Roberts and Joanne Fitzpatrick, A comparative study of outcomes of pre-registration nurse education programmes (London, 1995); Alison While, Christina Citrone and Jocelyn Cornish, Bereaved parents' views of caring for a child with a life-limiting incurable disorder (London, 1996). See also numerous articles and reports on the subject of nursing and palliative care.

John Edmund Bowen was born in 1885 in Galway, Ireland, the son of Bartholomew Bowen, and educated at Queen's School, Galway. He entered Trinity College Cambridge in 1911 and attended lectures delivered by Joseph John Thomson, Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge. Bowen was a lecturer in Physics at King's College London from 1919-1921, before taking up a post in China.

Millicent Lucy Coleman born 1910, daughter of John Albert Sidney Coleman and Jane Ketteridge; attended Lady Eleanor Holles' School, Hackney, 1921-1928; student in King's College London Department of History, 1928-1931; Day Training College and University of London Teacher's Diploma, 1932; supply teacher with the London County Council, 1933-1935; Inspector of Factories, 1941-1942; worked in intelligence testing at the National Children's Home, 1935-1942, served on the governing council of the Pestalozzi Village Trust, and as a Vocational Guidance Adviser and psychologist, and in an informal capacity at the NCH during retirement, 1942-[1985]; died, 1990.

Kathleen Mary Coleman, her sister, born 1915, daughter of John Albert Sidney Coleman and Jane Ketteridge; educated at the Lady Eleanor Holles' School, Hackney, 1921-1933; student at King's College of Household and Social Science, 1933-1935; on the Institutional Housekeepers' course, Northern Polytechnic, Holloway, 1935-1937; worked in Day Nursery, Tottenham, 1940-1941; worked as dietary adviser and buyer for the National Children's Home from 1937-[1975]; died, 1996.

The National Children's Home was set up as the Children's Home in Lambeth in 1869 by the Methodist minister, Thomas Stephenson, in order to provide a refuge to young boys. It soon after moved to new premises in Bethnal Green and admitted girls, changing its name to the National Children's Home (NCH) in 1908. The National Children's Home quickly recognised the importance of fostering and adoption and the charity was also at the forefront of the development of child psychology and established its own training programme to train child-care professionals. In recent years a focus on residential care has given way to its support of community projects particularly for the homeless and children with learning difficulties. The charity changed its name to NCH Action for Children in 1994 and NCH in 2001.

The Pestalozzi Village Trust was named in honour of the Swiss philanthropist and educationalist, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827). His work was aimed particularly at providing poor children with the practical skills necessary to earn a living. Dr Walter Corti rediscovered Pestalozzi's work in response to the problem of the large number of refugee children displaced during the Second World War. He established the first Pestalozzi Children's Village at Trogen in Switzerland to care for orphans and received support from all over Europe and in particular from the United Kingdom, where the second Village and Trust were set up in 1957 based at Sedlescombe in East Sussex. Refugee children were housed there and educated locally and in the Village's own facilities. The Trust is still active and older students, drawn mainly from the developing world, now either take a two-year International Baccalaureate Diploma course at Hastings College of Arts and Technology combining community and practical work, or remain in their countries of origin where their education is sponsored by the Trust. One of its principle aims now is to encourage sustainable development and promote knowledge and understanding of environmental issues.

Born, 1900; educated Glendale County School, Wood Green; BSc in Geology King's College London, 1921; MSc, 1923; DSc, 1927; Lecturer in Geography at King's, 1927-1942; Reader, 1942-1947; Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, 1944; Professor of Geography at King's, 1947; Founder member of the Institute of British Geographers, 1931; Fellow of King's College, 1956; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1959, died, 1963. Publications, either as author or co-author, include: The physical basis of geography. An outline of geomorphology (London, 1937); The spirit and purpose of geography (London, 1951); The Weald (London, 1953); Structure, surface and drainage in South-East England (London, 1955); The geographer as scientist. Essays on the scope and nature of geography (London, 1956); London's countryside. Geographical field work for students and teachers of geography (London, 1957).

Born 1863; entered King's College London as a Demonstrator in the Electrical Engineering Department, 1890; Assistant Professor, 1897-1898, and Professor of Electrical Engineering, King's College London, 1898-1911; William Siemens Professor of Electrical Engineering, King's College London, 1911-1930; resigned 1930; Emeritus Professor of Electrical Engineering, King's College London, 1930-1932; died 1932.

Publications: Electrical traction (1897).

Sir Israel Gollancz, born 1863; educated at the City of London School, University College London, Christ's College Cambridge, 1883-1887; degree awarded, 1887; Quain English Student and Lecturer, University College, 1892-1895; University Lecturer in English at Cambridge, 1896-1906; Professor of English Language and Literature at King's College London, 1903-1930; founding member and first Secretary of the British Academy, 1902-1930; President of the Philological Society, 1919-1922; died, 1930. Publications include: Pearl (London, 1891); Cynewulf's Christ (London, 1892); Exeter book of Anglo-Saxon poetry (London, 1895); Hamlet in Iceland (London, 1898); The sources of Hamlet (London, 1926). He was also editor of a number of important Shakespeare and other editions including The Temple Classics, The King's Library and The Mediaeval Library.

Born, London, 1928; educated Stoke Newington Parochial School, 1932-1939; University College School, 1939-1946; Military service, 1947-1948; New College Oxford, 1949-1953; BA, 1952; MA, 1955; BD, 1973; Ordained deacon in the Church of England, Diocese of Southwell, 1954; priest, 1955; Assistant curate, Newark upon Trent Parish Church, 1954-1958; Tutor at the Queen's College Birmingham, 1958-1962; Lecturer in Theology in the University of Nottingham, 1962-1973; Senior Lecturer, 1973-1978; Reader, 1978; Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of London at King's College, 1978-1990; Priest in Charge of St John the Evangelist, Pittenweem, and St Michael and All Angels, Elie, Scotland, 1990-1998; Honorary Associate Professor in the University of St Andrews from 1994. Publications: Doctrine and practice in the early Church (London, 1991); edited Gregory of Nyssa (Berlin, New York, 1993); Authority in the Church (Edinburgh, 1994); edited On Pascha, and Fragments (Oxford, 1979); Translated with Averil Cameron, Life of Constantine (Oxford, New York 1999).

Musica Reservata is a musical ensemble established in London in 1960 by Michael Morrow, John Beckett and John Sothcott, and of which Michael Morrow became the creative director. The group was set up with the intention of rediscovering and reinterpreting mainly Renaissance and Baroque music, and since its inception has given recitals throughout the world, undertaken broadcasts and given numerous recorded performances. Musica Reservata is still active in popularising medieval and early modern music. Michael Morrow was responsible for a number of important arrangements and has edited works including Dance music of the Middle Ages and Renaissance (London, 1976). He died in 1994.

John Robert Hilton: born 1908; educated at Marlborough College, Corpus Christi College Oxford (MA), and Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London (Diploma, ARIBA); Director of Antiquities, Cyprus, 1934-1936; architect to E.S. and A. Robinson, and in private practice, 1936-1941; Capt, Royal Engineers, 1941-1943; joined Foreign Office 1943; served in Istanbul Turkey, 1944; 2nd Secretary, Athens, Greece, 1945; 1st Secretary, Istanbul, 1956; awarded CMG 1965; Member of Council, National Schizophrenia Fellowship, 1977-81, 1983-94 (President, 1985-91); died 1994
Publications: Mind and Analysis, memoir on Louis MacNeice (as appendix to his MacNeice's autobiography, The Strings are False), 1965; articles in Architectural Review and other journals

Born, 1926; educated, Cardiff High School, 1938-1944; Jesus College Oxford, 1944-1949; Professor of New Testament Studies in the Presbyterian Theological College, Aberystwyth, 1953-1961; Lecturer in the New Testament, University College of North Wales, Bangor, 1953-1961; Lecturer in History and Philosophy of Religion, King's College London, 1961-1963; Reader in the Philosophy of Religion at King's, 1963-1970; Professor of Christian Doctrine at King's, 1970-1981. Publications: Revelation and existence. A study in the theology of Rudolf Bultmann (Cardiff, 1957); The moral argument for Christian theism (London, 1965); A Christian knowledge of God (London, 1969); Concepts of deity (London, 1971); W R Matthews: philosopher and theologian (London, 1976); Christian theism. A study in its basic principles (Edinburgh, 1984).

Born, 1930; educated at Colston's School, Bristol and St John's College Oxford; called to Bar, Gray's Inn, 1956; Bencher, 1978; Lecturer, University College, Oxford, 1954-1955; Fellow and Praelector in Jurisprudence, 1955-1965; Dean, 1963-1964; Reader in Common Law to Council of Legal Education (Inns of court), 1967-1980; Travelling Fellowship to South Africa, 1957; Professor of English Law, King's College London, 1966-1995. Publications: edited Anson's principles of the law of contract, 21st to 26th editions (1959-1984); edited Chitty on contracts, 22nd to 27th editions (1961-1994); edited Oxford essays in jurisprudence (1961); The law of hire-purchase (1966); edited Benjamin's sale of goods, 1st to 4th editions (1974-1992); edited Encyclopedia of consumer credit (1975); Introduction to the law of credit and security (1978); edited Chalmers and Guest on bills of exchange, 14th edition (1991); Only remember me (1993).

Born, 1909; educated at King Edward VI School, Birmingham, Exeter College Oxford and Queen's College Cambridge, BA 1932, BD 1940, DD 1957; Deacon, 1935; Priest, 1936; Assistant Curate of Holy Trinity, Formby, 1935-1937; Sub-Warden, St Deiniol's Library, Hawarden, 1937-1938; Rector of Ingestre-with-Tixall, 1938-1943; Chaplain of Alleyn's College of God's Gift, Dulwich, 1943-1944; Rector of Bredfield and Director of Religious Education, Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich, 1945-1947; Senior Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History at the University of Manchester, 1946-1958; Professor of Ecclesiastical History, King's College London, 1958-1976; Emeritus, 1976-1990; founded and edited the Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 1950-1978; died, 1990.

Born, 1909; work in the Department of Biochemistry, University College London, 1932-1933; Research in the Department of Physiology, University College, 1933-1936; Travelling Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, 1936-1937; Boit Memorial Fellow in Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University College, 1937-1939; Associate Professor of Physiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1939-1942; Senior Experimental Officer, Ministry of Supply, 1942-1946; with James Danielli published pioneering work on the structure of cell membranes, 1943; Staff of Medical Research Council in collaboration with University College, 1946-1976; Research Fellow in the Department of Physiology, King's College London, 1976-1996; died, 1996. Publications: Co-authored with James Danielli, The permeability of natural membranes (Cambridge, 1943); The physiology of the eye (London, 1949); A textbook of general physiology (London, 1951); Physiology of the ocular and cerebrospinal fluids (London, 1956); Physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid (London, 1967); Co-authored with Malcolm Segal, Introduction to physiology (London, 1975-1980); Co-authored with Keasley Welch and Malcolm Segal, Physiology and pathophysiology of the cerebrospinal fluid (Edinburgh, 1987); An introduction to the blood-brain barrier (Basingstoke, 1993); edited The eye (New York, 1969-1977). He also published numerous articles in learned journals.

The Faculty of Life Sciences was established in 1987 following the merger in 1985 of King's, Queen Elizabeth and Chelsea Colleges. Previously, its constituent departments had mainly formed part of the Faculty of Natural Science. The College's academic structure was reorganised into Schools in 1989, when the School of Life, Basic Medical and Health Sciences came into being. In 1998, this was subdivided into the School of Health and Life Sciences, and the School of Biomedical Sciences.

Formerly the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, the School of Physical Sciences and Engineering was established in 1992. The main academic departments currently incorporated within the School are: the Centre of Construction Law and Management, Chemistry, Computer Science, Division of Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Telecommunications Research, Mathematics, Physics and the Management Centre.

The founding committee of King's College London first met in 1828 and the College, instituted by Royal Charter in 1829, opened in 1831. Under the King's College London Transfer Act of 1908 the secular departments of the existing King's College London became University of London King's College on 1 January 1910, to be governed by the Senate of the University via a College Delegacy. The theological department was separated from the rest of the College, to be known as King's College London, and continued to be governed by its council. Financial records were usually compiled by the College clerks under the direction of the College Secretary.

The Council was the principal governing body of King's College London between its foundation in 1829 and the reorganisation of King's that took place with the King's College London (Transfer) Act of 1908. This both incorporated King's into the University of London (thereafter redesignated as University of London, King's College), and legally separated the Theological Faculty, which retained subscription to the 39 Articles for academic staff and continued to be known as King's College London. The Council remained exclusively as the governing body of the Theological Faculty with additional pastoral responsibility for students and staff of both Colleges, but the government of the secular University of London, King's College, was transferred to a new Delegacy established in February 1910. Both Council and Delegacy also maintained separate Professorial Board, Finance and other committees. Following the reunification of the Colleges by Royal Charter in 1980, responsibility for the government of the whole College was returned to the Council.

No information at present.

The Council of King's College London, the governing body of the College, gave rise to a number of sub-committees including the important General/Professorial/Academic Board, and the Finance Committee. It also authorised a variety of ad hoc committees required to arrange specific events, oversee appointments and lectureships, and organise the academic activity of specific departments or faculties. Following the King's College (Transfer) Act of 1908, and the legal separation of King's into the secular University of London, King's College, and the Theological King's College London in 1909-1910, oversight of these committees was transferred to the new Delegacy. The reunification of King's in 1980 brought them back under the ultimate control of Council.

The Council was the principal governing body of King's College London between its foundation in 1829 and the reorganisation of King's that took place with the King's College London (Transfer) Act of 1908. This incorporated King's into the University of London (thereafter redesignated as University of London, King's College), and legally separated the Theological Faculty, which retained subscription to the 39 Articles for academic staff and which continued to be known as King's College London. The secular University of London, King's College, was governed by a new Delegacy, while the Theological Faculty continued to be governed by the Council. Following the reunification of the Colleges by Royal Charter in 1980, responsibility for the government of the whole College was returned to the Council.

Following the King's College (Transfer) Act of 1908, and the legal separation of King's into the secular University of London, King's College, and the Theological King's College London in 1909-1910, the original governing Council of King's College London was replaced by a Delegacy. To it reported a number of sub-committees including the important General/Professorial/Academic Board, and the Finance Committee. The Delegacy also authorised a variety of ad hoc committees required to arrange specific events, oversee appointments and lectureships, and organise the academic activity of specific departments or faculties. The reunification of King's in 1980 brought the committees back under the ultimate control of Council.

The Finance Committee was one of the principal sub- committees of the College's governing Council, overseeing accounting, capital and departmental expenditure. Its main functions were transferred to the Delegacy Finance Committee in 1910, following the King's College London (Transfer) Act of 1908 that legally divided King's into secular and theological institutions. Following the reunification of the two halves of King's in 1980, responsibility for the government of the whole College was returned to the Council, with separate Delegacy and Council sub-committees being similarly recombined.

The Council was the principal governing body of King's College London between its foundation in 1829 and the reorganisation of King's that took place with the King's College London (Transfer) Act of 1908. This incorporated King's into the University of London (thereafter designated as University of London, King's College), and legally separated the Theological Faculty, which retained subscription to the 39 Articles for academic staff and which continued to be known as King's College London. The secular University of London, King's College, was governed by a new Delegacy, while the Theological Faculty and King's College London continued to be governed by the Council. The Finance Committee was one of the main sub-committees of the pre- and post-1910 Council and Delegacy and its work covered every aspect of the financial life of King's. In 1980, the Delegacy Finance Committee merged with the Council Finance Committee when the Colleges were reunified under a new Royal Charter and under the overall responsibility of a unified Council.

For the majority of the twentieth century, and up until the 1985 merger between King's, Chelsea and Queen Elizabeth Colleges, responsibility for the creation and maintaining of staff records was divided according to the status and seniority of the person concerned between the Principal, the College Secretary, the Senior Assistant Secretary and the Bursar. In 1985 the personnel functions of all three colleges were integrated in a single department which took responsibility for staff of the other colleges and reported to the College Secretary. In the late 1990s reporting lines of the department have been varied but the personnel function has remained integrated. Dispersed series of staff files for King's College were integrated on their receipt into three main, chronologically arranged series reflecting academic and academically related, clerical and clerically related, and manual and technical staff.

Tutorial studentships were offered by various faculties and could be renewed annually up to a maximum of four years tenure. Candidates were graduates who were expected to read for a higher degree and were given a grant and free tuition within the College in return for tutorial/demonstration assistance.

The original Charter of King's College London established a Corporation comprising the governors and proprietors of King's, including four perpetual ecclesiastical representatives, five perpetual lay governors and King's shareholders. The General Court was the Annual General Meeting of the Corporation at which a treasurer and auditors were appointed and new members of the Council elected. Fellows were admitted to the Corporation according to the new Charter of 1882. The Corporation and Council retained overall responsibility for the theological King's College London following the King's College London (Transfer) Act of 1908, while the secular side of King's was incorporated in the University of London under the broad direction of the University Senate and managed by a Delegacy.

Between 1831 and 1988 the College Secretary rose from Secretary to the Principal and Council to senior administrative officer of the College. Throughout the period the College Secretary had responsibility for servicing the Council, its main standing and special subcommittees, and the Academic Board. In the 1960s, the post of Academic Registrar was reorganised to reflect the coordinated responsibility for student admission and examinations with the Department. Between 1828-1919 King's College enjoyed the services of just four College Secretaries, two of whom served for remarkably long periods, H W Smith, 1829-1848 and J W Cunningham, 1848-1894. Until Cunningham's retirement in 1894 the College's in and out correspondence and bills and accounts were arranged in just two sequences. At year end the in-letters and bills were bundled alphabetically and chronologically respectively and until late into the nineteenth century fitted into a single wooden deed box. With the appointment of S T Shovelton in 1895 came the introduction of modern filing (see KAS/GC, AC and AD) but bundles continued to be used on occasion until 1915. The series is remarkably complete until the late 1890s when there is some evidence of modest losses.

Junior Year Abroad refers to the programme for undergraduate exchange students, mainly from Beaver College, Pennsylvania State University, USA, who study for a year at King's. The majority of students study English or Music.