Born in 1873; entered Grenadier Guards, 1891; served in West Africa, 1897; Capt, 1899; served in South Africa, 1899-1901; MP (Liberal Unionist) for South Herefordshire, 1900-1906; Parliamentary Private Secretary to Rt Hon (Joseph) Austen Chamberlain, Chancellor of the Exchequer; MP (Unionist) for South Herefordshire, 1908-1918; rejoined Grenadier Guards, 1914; commanded 7 Bn, East Yorkshire Regiment, 1916-1918; died in 1918.
Born in 1874; educated at Harrow School and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; 2nd Lt, Grenadier Guards, 1893; Lt, 1897; served in Nile Expedition, 1898, and South Africa, 1899-1902; Capt, 1900; passed Staff College, 1903-1904; General Staff Officer, War Office, 1905-1909; Maj, 1909; General Staff Officer, London District, 1910-1914; head of British missions, General HQ, France, 1915-1918; Military Governor, Cologne, 1918-1919; commanded 1 Infantry Bde, Aldershot, 1920; British Military Representative, League of Nations, Geneva, 1920-1922; Military Attaché, Paris, 1924-1927; Director of Personal Services, 1928-1930; Military Secretary to Secretary of State for War, 1930-1934; retired, 1934; died in 1959.
The Port of London Authority was established in 1908 to take full control of the tidal river Thames and its docks.
The Authority was housed in a large stone office in Trinity Square, overlooking Tower Hill. The offices were built between 1912 and 1922 to designs by Edwin Cooper.
Sir Charles Frederick Arden-Close was born on 10 August 1865 at St Saviour's, Jersey; educated at a dame-school in Rochester, then Thompson's school, Jersey, and at a crammer, passing second into the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, in 1882. In 1884 he passed out first, with the Pollock memorial medal, was commissioned in the Royal Engineers, and joined the School of Military Engineering, Chatham. After a year in Gibraltar, 1886, he was first attached to and later commanded the balloon section at Chatham, 1887-1888. He was next posted to India; engaged on topographic work in Upper Burma and geodetic triangulation on the Mandalay primary series (Toungoo-Katha) and the Mong Hsat secondary series up to the Siam border.
Returning to Chatham, Close was sent in 1895 to West Africa to survey the boundary between the Niger Coast Protectorate and the German Cameroons; was appointed to the Ordnance Survey and in 1898 was made British commissioner to delimit the frontier of British Central Africa and Northern Rhodesia with German East Africa for over 200 miles between lakes Nyasa and Tanganyika. Close collaborated with David Gill, HM astronomer at the Cape, in relation to longitude fixation of points on the German frontier; was appointed CMG in 1899 and in 1900 led a small survey detachment for the South African War, for which practically no maps existed. In 1902-1905 he was chief instructor in surveying at Chatham, introducing new methods and revising his earlier work, Text Book of Military Topography, part 2 (1898), to produce the Text Book of Topographical and Geographical Surveying (1905) which, with later revisions, remained the standard work for the next half-century.
In 1905 Close had become head of the topographical (from 1907 geographical) section, general staff, at the War Office, of which a major concern was overseas maps. He pressed, with success, for the formation of the colonial survey committee (August 1905) and for surveying in British colonies. Close and his directors in MI4, having experienced in South Africa the disadvantages of waging war without maps, took the unprecedented step of preparing maps of a probable European theatre of war. Due to the foresight of the geographical section, the British army entered World War One better supplied with maps than in any previous conflict.
Close was appointed director-general of the Ordnance Survey on 18 August 1911. He established three mean-sea level tidal stations, at Dunbar, Newlyn, and Felixstowe, and focused on the cartography of the Ordnance Survey with the intention of revolutionising the appearance of the map. In 1919, Close secured the appointment of a civilian archaeology officer, O. G. S. Crawford, resulting in a highly acclaimed series of historical maps of which the first was Roman Britain (1924). After the war Close had the task of implementing cuts in the Ordnance Survey establishment which had been recommended by the Geddes committee. A direct result of this was that the large-scale plans fell massively into arrears by the 1930s.
Close retired in 1922. He had served on the council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1904-1940, and was Victoria gold medallist, 1927, and President, 1927-1930. He was chairman of the National Committee for Geography and General Secretary of the International Geographical Union, being President in 1934-1938. He was first treasurer, 1919-1930, then chairman of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 1930-1945, and President of the Hampshire Field Club, 1929-1932 and 1935-1936.
Close was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1919; received an honorary ScD from Cambridge, 1928; was an honorary member of the Russian, German, Belgian, Dutch, Spanish, and Swiss geographical societies. He was appointed CB in 1916 and KBE in 1918; he was an officer of the order of Leopold, and a member of the Afghan order of Astaur. Arden-Close died in Winchester, on 19 December 1952. His contribution to the cartography and history of the Ordnance Survey was recognised in 1980 with the formation of a society named after him: The Charles Close Society for the Study of Ordnance Survey Maps.
August Closs was born in Upper Austria in 1898, and received his education in Berlin, Vienna, Graz and University College London (UCL), where he studied under the medievalist and palaeographer Robert Priebsch. Under Priebsch's tuition Closs developed his skills in palaeography and a love of medieval literature. In 1929 Closs became a lecturer at the University of Sheffield, and in 1930 he returned to UCL as a lecturer in the Department of German. In 1932 he was appointed Reader in German at Bristol University as successor to James Boyd. He held the post of Professor and Head of Department until his retirement in 1964.
His particular research interest was in poetry, especially the German love lyrik, where his studies included Gottfried's Tristan and Isolt and the poetry of Goethe and Hölderlin. His first important piece of research was on the theme of Dame World "Weltlohn", published in 1934. Closs played a leading role in the post World War Two twinning of Bristol and Hannover.
In 1931 Closs married Hannah Priebsch, only child of his former mentor, Robert Priebsch, an eminent art critic and successful novelist. Their daughter Elizabeth took a PhD at Berkley, California, in 1964, married an American, Professor Traugott, and is now Professor of Linguistics and English at Stanford University
Closs continued to research and publish right up to his death in 1990. Like his father-in-law he was a great collector. He and Hannah inherited Robert Priebsch's library of rare and first editions, and added to it. Closs also collected manuscripts and autograph letters. The Library is housed at the IGS under the title 'The Priebsch-Closs Collection'.
Robert Priebsch: Born Tannwald, Bohemia, June 1866; educated at the Gymnasium, Prague, the Universities of Leipzig, Prague, Berlin, Strasbourg and Graz; Lecturer in English Language, University College Liverpool, 1896; Professor of German, University College London, 1898; Professor of German Language and Literature, University of London, 1902-1931, Emeritus Professor from 1931; died May 1935
Publications: Diu Vrône Botschaft ze der Christenheit, [Graz: Styria, 1895]; Deutsche handschriften in England , (Erlangen: F. Junge, 1896-1901); Die Heilige Regel für ein vollkommenes Leben: eine Cisterzienserarbeit des XIII. Jahrhunderts (Berlin: Weidmann, 1909); The Heliand manuscript : Cotton Caligula A. VII in the British museum, (Oxford: The Clarendon press, 1925); Johan ûz dem virgiere : eine spätmhd. ritterdichtung nach flämischer quelle, nebst dem faksimileabdruck des flämischen volksbuches Joncker Jan wt den vergiere ; herausgegeben und eingeleitet von dr. Robert Priebsch ... mit einer tafel in manuldruck , (Heidelberg: C. Winter, 1931); The German language (with W E Collinson), (London: Faber, 1934).
Louis Lepecq de la Cloture was born at Caen and graduated M.D. at the university. He was later professor of surgery, and afterwards held a similar post at the Hôtel-Dieu at Rouen.
Arthur Hugh Clough was born in Liverpool and brought up partly in South Carolina and partly in England, where he was educated at Rugby School and later at Balliol College, Oxford. He became a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, in 1842 and taught there until 1848, the same year that his first major poem, The Bothie, was published. From 1848 until 1851 he was head of University Hall, a collegiate residence for students attending lectures at University College London, and in 1850 he was appointed professor of English language and literature at University College, andhe later becme an examiner in the Education Office. Clough was deeply influenced by the conflicting movements within Victorian religion, though he had ceased to accept Christian dogma by the late 1840s, and by radical ideas in politics. His poetry was critically acclaimed during his lifetime and continued to be so for many years after his death.
Henry Gore Clough probably attended lectures given by William Hunter, and also John Hunter in 1779, as is evidenced by the lecture notes held in this collection and in the Wellcome Trust's manuscript collection. Clough is listed as a member of the Corporation of Surgeons from 1781 to 1798, residing first at Compton Street, and later at Berner's Street. From 1800 to 1824, Clough is listed as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons residing at Berner's Street. (From 1821 another Henry Gore Clough is listed as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, residing at Norton Street. Presumably this is the son of Henry Gore Clough.) Sir Robert Drew's Commissioned Officers of the Medical Services of the British Army 1660-1960 Volume 1 lists Henry Gore Clough as an Assistant Surgeon to the 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards from the 25 Dec 1796, and Surgeon to the Light Infantry Battalion of the Brigade of Foot Guards from 14 May 1801. He is listed as being on half pay from 25 Jun 1802 and as having died on the 20 Apr 1838.
Joseph Thomas Clover was born at Aylsham, Norfolk in 1825. After leaving Grey Friars Priory School he worked as an apprentice to a surgeon, and became a dresser at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital in 1842. In 1844 he entered University College Hospital as Physician's Assistant and House Surgeon to Thomas Morton and James Syme. In August 1848 he was appointed Resident Medical Officer. He may have been present at the first major operation in England to use an anaesthetic, when, in December 1846, Robert Liston amputated a patient's thigh using open ether. Clover spent the rest of his life studying and experimenting with the administration of anaesthetics, inventing several pieces of equipment for this purpose. He became a lecturer in anaesthetics at University College Hospital and an administrator of anasethetics at the Dental Hospital, positions he held at the time of his death on 27 September 1882. He was survived by his wife, Mary Anne (neé Hall) and four children.
Club 1943, in Hampstead, was founded as a weekly rendezvous for refugees from Nazi oppression. Its membership was first confined to writers and scientists, but later opened up to all those interested in literature, politics and other intellectual subjects. Lectures were in German or English and were usually attended by between 40 and 75 people. They covered political theory, literature, music, art, science, history, medicine, psychology, ethics and religion. The first president was H J Rehfisch, one of the co-founders of the club with Karl Wolff, Monty Jacobs and others.
The Club de Dakar was founded on 2-3 December 1974 as a French initiative to improve industrial relations between western industries and Francophone African countries. It was instigated by Mohammed T. Diawara (later President of the Club), Minister for Planning, Ivory Coast. Following conferences in Birmingham in 1978, a British branch was established and interests were expanded to include Anglophone African countries. It seems that the Club de Dakar ceased its activities in c1988.
The certificate of incorporation for Cluff and Pickering Limited is dated 3 June 1929. The Company directors were Rupert Pickering and Harold Cluff, wine and spirit merchants. The company was based in Manchester.
The volumes in this collection were originally part of one formed at Clumber House by Henry Pelham, fourth Duke of Newcastle (1785-1851).
Cluny Rubber Estates Limited was registered in 1910 to acquire estates in Perak, Malaya, and to take over the firm of the same name registered in Singapore. In 1947 Cluny Rubber Estates Limited was acquired by Lanadron Rubber Estates Limited (CLC/B/112-105), which in turn was acquired by London Asiatic Rubber and Produce Company (CLC/B/112-103) in 1960.
Professor R S [Dicky] Clymo. Member of Botany Department at Westfield College 1961-1983, moved to Queen Mary College 1983, remained with Queen Mary and Westfield College after the merger and became, Dean of Faculty 1988-1991 and Head of School 1991-1995.
The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) is a non party-political British organisation advocating the abolition of nuclear weapons worldwide. It was formed in 1958 by the philosopher Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, and the Rev Canon (Lewis) John Collins and grew out of the demonstration held outside the government's Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston, Berkshire, at Easter 1956. Following a rapid growth of membership in its first years of existence, nuclear issues were overtaken by popular protest concerning the Vietnam War. CND survived, but as a much smaller movement. In 1960, the Committee of 100 was set up to organise Non-Violent Direct Action (NVDA) actions, such as mass sit-ins and blockades.
The decision, taken in 1979, to deploy American Cruise and Pershing missiles in Great Britain and other European countries led to a growth in CND membership and activities, such as protest marches and the harassment of Cruise convoys. Since the end of the Cold War, the emphasis of CND activities has changed to include lobbying of MPs and at international conferences, the tracking and publicising of road and rail shipments of nuclear materials, and the work of talking to people and groups, though there are still regular protests and direct actions at nuclear installations around the country. CND is part of Abolition 2000, a global network, founded in 1995 and with organised support in 76 countries, to press for the elimination of nuclear weapons.
The Coal Factors' Society was established, probably in the first half of the 18th century, for persons engaged in the wholesale coal trade in London. In 1832 the society was re-founded, for "friendly intercourse and mutual protection" of members of the trade.
The Coal Meters' Committee was based at Coal Exchange, Lower Thames Street. Founded in 1832, it consisted of representatives of the Coal Factors' Society and of retail buyers of coal. It succeeded the coal meters appointed by the Corporation of London when they were abolished in 1831.
A meter was responsible for seeing that commodities such as grain and coal were traded according to the proper measure.
The Coal Pool was established circa 1907 for sharing and adjusting colliery claims. It was known as the Colliery Pool from 1935 when it seems to have been taken over by the Accident Offices Association.
The business of William Coare, wine and brandy merchant, first appears in the trade directories in 1785. He was based at 25 Newgate Street (1785-1801) and 106 Hatton Gardens (1801-3). Many of the records concern court cases in which William Coare was involved, mostly relating to debts owed to him. William Coare died in April 1803 and his estate was administered by his executor, James Horwood.
Previously known as Coare and Swaine, then as Coare, Swaine and Minnitt. By 1815 the firm was known as Swaine, Minnet and Company. The distillery was based at 8 Holborn Bridge, City of London. Upon the death of Mrs Mary Minnitt of Bruce Grove, Tottenham, a trust was established know as Minnitt's Trust.
Coast Lines Ltd of Liverpool was formed by the merging of three lines in 1913 and until 1917 was known by their joint names, Powell, Bacon and Hough. The name of Coast Lines Limited was adopted in 1917, when the company was absorbed into the Royal Mail Group (q.v.). After the dissolution of the group in 1931, the company became independent under the chairmanship of Sir Alfred Read (1871-1955), who had previously been a director. From 1917 to 1951 Coast Lines acquired a controlling interest in a large number of coastal shipping companies, eventually numbering about twenty, of which the most important were: the British and Irish Steam Packet Company Ltd, acquired in 1917; City of Cork Steam Packet Company Limited, acquired in 1918; the Belfast Steamship Company Limited, acquired 1919; Burns and Laird Lines, acquired 1920 and 1919; and Tyne Tees Steam Shipping Company Limited, acquired in 1943. Some idea of the extent of the Company's activities, spanning the whole of the British and Irish seaboard and extending to the Scottish and Channel Islands, can be gained from the fact that during 1951, with a fleet of 109 ships, the total of cargo carried was in excess of four million tons, and of livestock more than half a million head, while over a million passengers were also carried. This period saw the high water mark of the British, as distinct from the cross-channel, internal freight and passenger trades. The British and Irish Steam Packet Company Limited was sold to the Irish Government in 1965, together with its subsidiary, the City of Cork Steam Packet Company. The last stage of the streamlining of the Coast Lines Limited and its associates took place when the company was acquired, in 1971, by the P and 0 Group. See E.R. Reader, 'The world's largest coaster fleet', Sea Breezes, February 1949.
Patrick Devereux Coates was born in 1916. Following his education at Trinity College, Cambridge he entered the Consular Service, having decided to learn Chinese and work for the Chinese Service. Between 1937 and 1941 Coates was posted to Peking, Canton and Kunming. He was then attached to the Chinese 22nd Division in Burma, and to Chinese forces in India from 1941 to 1944.
From 1944 to 1946 Coates was Acting Chinese Secretary to the British Embassy in China. He then returned to Britain and worked first for the Foreign Office in London, and then for the Civil Service in various ministries until his retirement in 1972. In October 1973 Coates obtained a two-year grant from the Nuffield Foundation to work on the research for The China Consuls: British Consular Officers 1843-1943 (published by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1988). During this time he was an honorary Visiting Fellow at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, from 1973 to 1976. He carried out his research at the School of Oriental and African Studies and the Public Record Office. From 1978 to 1987 Coates also acted as part time editor of Chinese language records for the British Academy at the Public Record Office. He married Mary Eleanor Campbell in 1946. He died at Lewes on 28 October 1990.
Thomas Coates was appointed as Secretary of the University of London [afterwards University College London] in 1831.
The Coats Viyella Pension Plan commenced on 1 January 1988 following the merger of 3 major UK textile companies in 1986 - Coats Patons plc, Vantona Viyella plc and the Nottingham Manufacturing Company plc.
The Coats Pension Plan registered office is, Coats plc, Pensions Office, Pacific House, 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow G2 6UB.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
William Cobbett was born in Farnham, Surrey, in 1863. He enlisted as a soldier, and was also a tutor before turning to political writing. He published pamphlets in both Britain and America, usually under the pan name of Peter Porcupine. He owned farms on both sides of the Atlantic. He espoused a mixture of radical and conservative views and was much concerned with rural distress and the state of English farming. He was briefly MP for Oldham, Lancashire, in the 1830s.
Richard Cobden was born in Heyshott, near Midhurst, Sussex, the son of a farmer. Cobden's father was poor and was obliged to send his eleven children to various relatives. He was sent to an uncle in Yorkshire where he was mistreated. Cobden received little formal schooling and in 1819 became a clerk in the textile industry. In 1820 he became a commercial traveller. After developing a knowledge of the cotton trade he became a partner in a London calico factory. The business was a success and in 1831 he also became a partner in a Lancashire calico factory. By 1832 Cobden was living in an affluent part of Manchester. He wrote about the subject of economics in the "Manchester Examiner" and published pamphlets on free-trade (1838-1846). Between 1833 and 1837 Cobden visited France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, America, Egypt, Greece and Russia. He was a leader of the Anti-Corn Law League 1838-1846. The Corn Laws had been passed during the Napoleonic Wars (1804 and 1818) to impose duties on imported corn, and led to high bread prices. The Anti-Corn Law League succeeded in having the corn laws repealed in 1846. Cobden was MP for Stockport 1841-1847, and for the West Riding of Yorkshire 1847-1857. Cobden campaigned against the Crimean War (1854-1856), despite the public's support for the war, and Cobden subsequently lost his seat on Parliament in the General Election of 1857. In the General Election of 1859 he was elected MP for Rochdale. He was offered the post of President of the Board of Trade (1859) and a baronetcy (1860), but refused both. Cobden died of an acute attack of bronchitis on 2nd April 1865. His publications include: "Agricultural distress: speech of R. Cobden...in the House of Commons, on Thursday, the 13th of March, 1845, on moving for a select committee to inquire into the extent and causes of the alleged existing agricultural distress, and into the effects of legislative protection upon the interest of landowners, farmers, and farm-labourers" (1845); "Alarming distress: speech of Richd. Cobden, Esq. in the House of Commons on Friday evening, July 8, 1842" (1842); "The corn laws: speech of R. Cobden, Esq., MP, in the House of Commons, on Thursday evening, February 24, 1842" (1842); "England, Ireland, & America" (1835); "How wars are got up in India: the origin of the Burmese war" (1853).
Richard Cobden was born in 1804. He spent his early adulthood as a clerk, commercial traveller and merchant in the cloth industry. He was successful in business in Manchester, read and travelled widely, and became involved in local politics. During 1838-1846 he was active and influential in the Anti-Corn Law League. He served successively as MP for Stockport (1841-1847), West Riding of Yorkshire (1847-1857) and Rochdale (1859-1865).
The building of Cobham College was completed in 1598 on the site of a chantry of five chaplains in the church of Cobham, founded by John de Cobham, 1362. The college survives today in the form of almshouses.
Cochrane entered the Navy in 1888 and first went to sea in the BELLEROPHONE in 1890, going to North America and the West Indies. He then joined the Channel Squadron in the ROYAL SOVEREIGN, 1892 to 1893, and went out again to the West Indies in the VOLAGE until 1894. Later he served in the Mediterranean and the Home Fleet and was on the China Station when war broke Out in 1914. In 1918 he was promoted to captain and retired with the rank of rear-admiral in 1929.
Edward Alfred Cockayne was born in Sheffield on 3 October 1880, the son of Edward Shephard Cockayne. He was educated at Charterhouse School and then at Balliol College, Oxford. He obtained a first class honours from the Natural Science School in 1903. He continued his medical education at St Bartholomew's Hospital, receiving the Brackenbury scholarship for medicine. He graduated BM BCh from Oxford in 1907. In 1909 he passed the membership examination for the Royal College of Physicians.
Cockayne became house physician at St Bart's and then at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, and subsequently casualty physician at the former. He graduated DM in 1912. He was appointed medical registrar at the Middlesex Hospital before being appointed physician to out-patients in 1913. It was also in 1913 that he joined the staff of the Victoria Hospital for Children.
During the First World War he served in the Royal Navy, from 1915 until 1919, and was at Archangel during the Russian Revolution. In 1916 he was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. Upon returning to London after the War he became physician to out-patients at Great Ormond Street. At this hospital he was a junior colleague of the physician and geneticist Sir Archibald Garrod, with whom he shared an interest in genetics. In 1924 he was appointed full physician at the Middlesex Hospital, it was however another ten years before he held the same position at Great Ormond Street. In 1928 he was vice-president of the Section of Diseases of Children at the annual meeting of the British Medical Association.
Cockayne was one of the last physicians to combine the work of a general physician with paediatric practice. He was interested in every unusual genetic aberration in the young, and especially the disorders of the ductless glands. His most important medical publication was his book, Inherited Abnormalities of the Skin and its Appendages (1933), which represented `an immense amount of labour spread over years' (The Lancet, 1956, p.1220). He also wrote chapters on the 'Principles of Heredity' in Sir Leonard Gregory Parsons and Seymour Gilbert Barling's Diseases of Infancy and Childhood (1933), and on 'Diseases of the Ductless Glands' in Diseases of Children by Various Authors (1st ed. 1913 - 5th ed. 1953), by Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, Frederick Eustace Batten, James Hugh Thursfield, and Donald Hugh Patterson (eds.). In 1937 Cockayne gave the Bradshaw Lecture at the Royal College of Physicians, on the genetics of transposition of the viscera. The following year he became President of the Section for the Study of Diseases in Children of the Royal Society of Medicine, where he was also treasurer for a number of years.
Cockayne was a keen entomologist. It has been said that he `delighted to contrast with analogous manifestations in the field of entomology' many of the bizarre genetic aberrations he investigated as a paediatrician (BMJ, 1956, p.1370). His specialty was the biology, variation and genetics of British butterflies and moths. He reached the top rank in the science when he was elected president of the Royal Entomological Society, 1943-45.
In 1945 Cockayne became a consultant physician to both the Middlesex and Great Ormond Street hospitals, and removed himself from London to Tring, Hertfordshire. In 1947 he offered his entomological collection to the Natural History Museum, who invited him to amalgamate it with their existing British collections, which included that of the late Lord Rothschild. Accordingly at the Rothschild Zoological Museum at Tring, where he was invited to become assistant curator, he built up a new collection from their existing collections and his own. The result was a collection that demonstrated the complete known range of variation within each species, and all that there was to know of their genetics. He constantly supplemented the collection with rare and beautiful specimens at his own expense, and encouraged valuable donations from others, until it numbered 50,000 select specimens.
Entomology occupied Cockayne's retirement, and in 1954 he received an OBE for his services in this field. He never married, and died at his home in Tring on 28 November 1956, aged 76. In his will he left over £5,000 and his own watercolours to the British Museum, as well as money and books to various entomological societies. A considerable residue went to medicine, to the Royal College of Physicians and to the Royal Society of Medicine. The latter honoured him by opening the Cockayne Suite in 1963.
Publications:
Inherited Abnormalities of the Skin and its Appendages (London, 1933)
Chapter in Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, Sir Leonard Gregory Parsons and Seymour Gilbert Barling (eds.) (London, 1933) and in Diseases of Children by Various Authors, Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, Frederick Eustace Batten, & James Hugh Thursfield (eds.) (London, 1st ed. 1913 - 5th ed. 1953)
Cockburn went to sea in 1786, became a lieutenant in 1793 and then served in the Mediterranean under Lord Hood (q.v.) and Nelson (q.v.). He was promoted to captain in 1794. In 1796 he commanded the MINERVE and was sent to relieve the garrison at Elba; he continued in the Mediterranean until 1802. His next command was of the PHAETON in which he went to North America and India. He returned to England in the Howe in 1805. Afterwards he served in the CAPTAIN, ABOUKIR and POMPEE, playing a major part in the reduction of Martinique, 1809, and then returning to England in the BELLEISLE. At the taking of Flushing, 1809, he was in the PLOVER and commanded a flotilla as the army retreated from the Scheldt. Then he resumed his command of the Belleisle. In 1810 Cockburn was active off the coasts of France and Spain in the IMPLACABLE and was later appointed a commissioner in what resulted in an attempt to mediate between Spain and her South American colonies. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1812 and hoisted his flag in the MARLBOROUGH; in her he was sent to North America, 1813, where he was engaged in the destruction of shipping and the harrying of the settlements of the south and middle states and also took part in the burning of Washington. When the peace was concluded he returned to England. After the battle of Waterloo, 1815, Cockburn conveyed Napoleon to St. Helena in the Northumberland and stayed there as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Cape Station until 1816. He was made vice-admiral in 1819, admiral in 1827 and Admiral of the Fleet in 1851. He also held the posts of junior Lord of the Admiralty, 1818 to 1830, 1834 to 1835, and First Naval Lord, 1841 to 1846. He was a Member of Parliament for various constituencies, 1818 to 1828 and 1841 to 1847.
Charles Cockerell was born at Bishops Hull, Somerset in 1755. He was educated at Winchester College. Between 1776 and 1801 he worked for the East India Company in Bengal, spending several years as postmaster general in Calcutta. On his return to Britain, Cockerell became a successful businessman in London, with a house at Hyde Park Corner and a country estate at Sezincote, Gloucestershire. He maintained a lifelong interest in India. He served as an MP between 1802 and his death in 1837. He was made a baronet in 1809.
No information available at present.
Publications: editor of Anatomy of decline: the political journalism of Peter Jenkins (Cassell, London, 1995); David Astor and the Observer (Deutsch, London, 1991); editor of My dear Max: the letters of Brendan Bracken to Lord Beaverbrook, 1925-1958 (Historians' Press, London, 1990); Twilight of truth: Chamberlain, appeasement, and the manipulation of the press (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1989).
The international conference 'Cocoa Production and Economic Development in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries' was organised by the School of Oriental and African Studies and the London School of Economics, and held in London on 15-17 September 1993. Some of the papers given at the conference were later published in: W G Clarence-Smith (ed.), Cocoa Pioneer Fronts since 1800: The Role of Smallholders, Planters and Merchants (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996).
Coconut Products Limited was registered in 1926 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Harrisons Ramsay Proprietary (CLC/B/112-081) was involved in the formation of the company, and held half the shares. One of the directors was Robert Ramsay, director of Harrisons Ramsay Proprietary. Coconut Products Limited went into voluntary liquidation in 1956.
Harrison Gordon Codd was Deputy Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex and a Commissioner of the Peace for the county. He was also a magistrate for Kensington, sat on the vestry of Marylebone, and in March 1837 he was appointed equerry to His Royal Highness. He died in 1840.
Born 1898; educated at Harrow, Christ Church, Oxford and Strasbourg University; served with French Red Cross, France, 1915-1916; Royal Military College, Sandhurst, 1916-1917; commissioned into the Coldstream Guards, 1917; served in World War One, 1914-1918; service on Western Front with 3 Bn, Coldstream Guards, 1917-1918; Lt, 1918; garrison duty, Cologne, Germany, 1918-1919; Aide de Camp to Lt Gen Sir (George) Tom (Molesworth) Bridges, Head of British Mission Allied Armies of the Orient, Smyrna, Turkey, 1920; service with 3 Bn, Coldstream Guards, Turkey, 1922-1923; service in UK with 1 Bn, Coldstream Guards, 1923-1925; Capt, 1926; British Liaison Officer to French forces, Syria, 1926-1929; service in UK, 1929-1930; attached to French Army and served with 13 Dragoons in France and 2 Spahis and the French Foreign Legion in Algeria, 1930; service in UK, 1930-1932; served in the Sudan and Egypt with 1 Bn, Coldstream Guards, 1932-1933; Aide de Camp to FM Sir Philip Walhouse Chetwode, 7th Bt, Commander-in-Chief of the Army in India, 1933-1935; Maj, 1935; retired 1937; attached to Foreign Office, 1939-1942; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Assistant Chief of Staff, Gibraltar, 1942-1943; Special Liaison Officer, Algiers, 1943-1944; Honorary Lt Col, 1948; died 1991.
Codrington entered the Navy in 1783 and served in the LEANDER, AMBUSCADE and FORMIDABLE in North America and the Mediterranean until 1791. In 1794 he was Earl Howe's (q.v.) Flag Lieutenant in the QUEEN CHARLOTTE and subsequently commanded the fireship COMET and the sloop LA BABET in home waters. In 1796 he was appointed captain of the DRUID, again in home waters, but was unemployed from 1797 until 1805. In this year he commissioned the ORION and was present at Trafalgar. From 1807 he commanded the BLAKE for six years in the Mediterranean, during the Walcheren expedition, 1809, and off the coast of Spain. He was then appointed to the TONNANT, going to the North American Station where he organized the supplies of the army at the capture of Washington. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1814, remaining on the station until 1815. It was not until 1826 that he again saw active service when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, flying his flag aboard the ASIA, and during this command he undertook operations against the pirates in the Levant. He subsequently took a leading part in the interpretation of allied policy in the Greek War of Independence. These operations culminated in the Battle of Navarino, 1827; this secured Codrington's fame while it also ensured his recall in 1828. After a short period of unemployment, he was appointed to command the Channel Squadron in 1831. He then became Member of Parliament for Devonport, 1832 to 1839, when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, a post he held until 1842. The papers have been used by Lady Bourchier, Codrington's daughter, in Memoir of the life of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington (London, 1873, 2 vols) and in C.G. Pitcairn Jones, ed. , 'Piracy in the Levant' (Navy Records Society, 1934).
Sir Edward Codrington entered the Navy in 1783 and served in the LEANDER, AMBUSCADE and FORMIDABLE in North America and the Mediterranean until 1791. In 1794 he was Earl Howe's (q.v.) Flag Lieutenant in the QUEEN CHARLOTTE and subsequently commanded the fireship COMET and the sloop LA BABET in home waters. In 1796 he was appointed captain of the DRUID, again in home waters, but was unemployed from 1797 until 1805. In this year he commissioned the ORION and was present at Trafalgar. From 1807 he commanded the BLAKE for six years in the Mediterranean, during the Walcheren expedition, 1809, and off the coast of Spain. He was then appointed to the TONNANT, going to the North American Station where he organized the supplies of the army at the capture of Washington. He was promoted to rear-admiral in 1814, remaining on the station until 1815. It was not until 1826 that he again saw active service when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, flying his flag aboard the ASIA, and during this command he undertook operations against the pirates in the Levant. He subsequently took a leading part in the interpretation of allied policy in the Greek War of Independence. These operations culminated in the Battle of Navarino, 1827; this secured Codrington's fame while it also ensured his recall in 1828. After a short period of unemployment, he was appointed to command the Channel Squadron in 1831. He then became Member of Parliament for Devonport, 1832 to 1839, when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, a post he held until 1842. The papers have been used by Lady Bourchier, Codrington's daughter, in Memoir of the life of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington (London, 1873, 2 vols) and in C.G. Pitcairn Jones, ed. , Piracy in the Levant (Navy Records Society, 1934).
Sir Henry John Codrington, third son of Sir Edward Codrington (q.v.), joined the Navy in 1823 and spent the early years of his service in the Mediterranean, being Signal Midshipman in his father's flagship, ASIA, at the battle of Navarino, 1827, where he was severely wounded. He was made a lieutenant in 1829 and commander in 1831. His first command was the ORESTES, Mediterranean Station, 1834 to 1836. As Captain of the TALBOT he took a leading part in the operations culminating in the siege of Acre, in 1840. In 1846 he was again sent to the Mediterranean in the THETIS where the circumstances leading to the revolutions of 1848 involved him in various diplomatic missions. At the outbreak of the Crimean War, 1854, Codrington was in the Baltic in the Royal George, moving to the Algiers after the war. He became a rear-admiral in 1857 and was Admiral Superintendent of Malta Dockyard, 1858 to 1863. He was Commander-in-Chief at Plymouth, 1869 to 1872, but never hoisted his flag afloat. He was made Admiral of the Fleet in the year of his death. The papers have been used by Lady Bourchier, Codrington's sister, in Selections from the letters, private end professional, of Sir Henry Codrington Admiral of the Fleet (London, 1880).
Edward Codrington entered the navy in 1783 aged 13 and rose through the ranks to become a Vice-Admiral in 1825, Admiral of the blue in 1839 and Commander-in-Chief at Portsmouth in 1839. He was knighted in 1815 and made a Grand Commander of St Michael and St George in 1827. He also served as Liberal MP for Devonport (1832-1839).
Codrington, third son of Sir Edward Codrington (q.v.), joined the Navy in 1823 and spent the early years of his service in the Mediterranean, being Signal Midshipman in his father's flagship, Asia, at the battle of Navarino, 1827, where he was severely wounded. He was made a lieutenant in 1829 and commander in 1831. His first command was the ORESTES, Mediterranean Station, 1834 to 1836. As Captain of the TALBOT he took a leading part in the operations culminating in the siege of Acre, in 1840. In 1846 he was again sent to the Mediterranean in the THETIS where the circumstances leading to the revolutions of 1848 involved him in various diplomatic missions. At the outbreak of the Crimean War, 1854, Codrington was in the Baltic in the ROYAL GEORGE, moving to the Algiers after the war. He became a rear-admiral in 1857 and was Admiral Superintendent of Malta Dockyard, 1858 to 1863. He was Commander-in-Chief at Plymouth, 1869 to 1872, but never hoisted his flag afloat. He was made Admiral of the Fleet in the year of his death. The papers have been used by Lady Bourchier, Codrington's sister, in Selections from the letters, private end professional, of Sir Henry Codrington Admiral of the Fleet (London, 1880).
Charles Frederick de Coetlogon (d 1836) was the son of clergyman Charles Edward de Coetlogon ([1746]-1820), who was a preacher and writer as well as the vicar of Godstone, Surrey. Early in his career Charles Frederick was His Majesty's naval store-keeper at St Domingo in the West Indies. He married Miss Emeline Edkins of Newbury at St George's Church, Hanover Square, on 5 March 1800. Their daughter, Elizabeth Charlotte, was born at West Green Cottage, Tottenham, on 19 December 1800 and baptised in the parish church on 17 January 1801, (ref. Gentleman's Magazine Vol. LXX parts 1 and 2; DRO.15/A1/9). The family occupied premises in the Wood Green ward of Tottenham in 1800 and 1801 (ref. MR/PLT/209-210).
In 1817 de Coetlogon was living apart from his family in a succession of lodgings in London. By 1822 he was residing, with one servant, in Ashford, and the same year he purchased three copyhold cottages and land in Ashford. The Land Tax Assessments for 1823 to 1826 list him as both owner and occupier of property, (ref. MR/PLT/6238-6240). He left Ashford in 1828, not without regrets; "Though I have passed here such dreary hours yet the prospect of leaving a place where I have lived so many years is depressing to my mind,"" (ref. Acc/0268/7; 31 March). From May 1828 he resided at No. 11 Wilton Street, Grosvenor Place, St. George Hanover Square.
Thomas Cogan ([1545]-1607). Medical student at Oxford, 1563-1574.
The Cogers' Society was founded in 1756 'for discussing questions of public interest' and met for many years at Cogers' Hall, Bride Lane, which was demolished in the 1890s. Members were usually young barristers or politicians eager to gain practice in public speaking. Since the 1890s the Society has met in various taverns in and around the City. The name comes from the Latin 'cogito'.
Paul Cohade lectured on philosophy at the Sorbonne, Paris, in the late seventeenth century.
Reuben Kelf-Cohen (1905-1978) was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Wadham College, Oxford. He served in the Royal Field Artillery during World War One (1914-1918). In 1920 he entered the Board of Education. from 1924 to 1939 he was Tutorial Class Tutor, London University. He was a member of the Board of Trade 1925-1941, the Petroleum Department 1941-1942, and Principal Assistant Secretary (Gas and Electricity) at the Ministry of Fuel and Power, 1942-1945. From 1946 to 1955 he was Under-Secretary at the Ministry. Kelf-Cohen was also Director of the East Indian Produce company 1955-1959, and Visiting Lecturer at St. Andrews University, 1970, and University College, Aberystwyth, 1971. His publications include: Nationalisation in Britain: the end of a dogma (1958); To whom is nationalized industry responsible? (1959); Twenty years of nationalisation: the British experience (1969).
Chaja Cohn, a former refugee residing in Israel, was responsible for collecting these accounts.