Born, 1819; Assistant in the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope (1835-1845), cooperated with Sir Thomas Maclear in the extension of Lacaille's arc; produced oldest known calotypes of people and scenes in Southern Africa with the help of John Herschel; Astronomer Royal for Scotland and Regius Professor of Astronomy, University of Edinburgh (1845-1888), introduced time service for Edinburgh with time ball on the Nelson monument and later a time gun fired from Edinburgh Castle (1861); resigned Fellowship on 7 February 1874 on the Society denying him the reading of his paper on the interpretation of the design of the Great Pyramid, published "The Great Pyramid and the Royal Society"; Became obsessed with the metre - he believed the decimal system was foreign, French, and atheist. Claimed if the pyramids were measured very accurately, it was possible to tell that they were based on the British yard, given by God and built by the Hebrews. Led expeditions to Egypt to measure them accurately to prove this. Use of the yard in the Pyramids proved there were common values between the founders of Egypt and the Anglo-Saxons, and so helped to justify the Conquest of Egypt in 1881-2; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1857; died, 1900.
The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.
The English community in Smyrna (now Izmir in Turkey) has been attended by an Anglican priest since 1638, for many years provided by the Levant Company who had an important factory (trading post) there. Services were held in rooms at the consul's house and in 1797 a fire in that house destroyed the existing registers.
The church at Smyrna was consecrated by the Bishop of Gibraltar in 1843 as St John the Evangelist, rebuilt in 1898-9 and reconsecrated in 1902.
There are two other chapels in nearby areas associated with the Smyrna chaplaincy. The church at Boudjah (Buca) opened in 1838 and was consecrated in 1843 as the Chapel of All Saints. The church at Bournabat (Bornova) was built in 1857 and consecrated as St Mary Magdalene in 1864.
In 1922 the Smyrna and Boudjah churches survived a period of political instability with only minor damage, but the church at Bournabat was looted and some of its registers may have disappeared.
Smoldon was born at Forest Gate and trained as a teacher. His training included a period at Trinity College of Music: he was also a pupil of C H Kitson and took the University of London BMus and PhD. He held senior music posts at Stratford Grammar School (1934-47) and Cheshire Training College, Alsager (1948-62). He was an authority on medieval liturgical music drama, and wrote 'The Music of the Medieval Church Dramas' (ed Cynthia Bourgealt, Oxford University Press, 1980) and transcribed various medieval dramas, including 'Daniel' (Faith Press, 1960), 'Herod' (Stainer and Bell, 1960) and 'Peregrinus' (Oxford University Press, 1965). He died on 17 August 1974.
Smithett joined the packet service in 1814 and was on the Dover Station from 1821 to 1825, when he went to the Port Patrick (SW Scotland) service. He returned to Dover in 1831 and was still there in 1837 when the operation of the mail steam vessels was transferred from the control of the Post-Master General to that of the Admiralty; he continued to serve at Dover until 1855, when another change in policy led to the substitution of contract packets; the naval connection was formally ended in 1860. Smithett subsequently held occasional employment as a pilot for the Royal Yacht but no record can be found of any further service after 1857. He was knighted in 1862.
The firm was established as a partnership in Zanzibar in 1875, to manage the East African mail contract granted to the British India Steam Navigation Company in 1872. Archibald Smith had earlier worked for W. MacKinnon and Company (CLC/B/123-57) in Glasgow; Edmund N. MacKenzie had had experience in London of the operations of Gray, Dawes and Company (CLC/B/123-30). From the first, Gray, Dawes and Company enjoyed strong links with the firm, having invested heavily in its launch.
As agents of the British India Steam Navigation Company, Smith, MacKenzie and Company were soon involved in the import and export of goods carried alongside the mail. BI ships brought in British and British Indian goods, rice and cotton among them.
Locally produced exports included cloves, chillies, coconuts, copra and ivory. Agency work extended to include the representation of the Union Steam Navigation Company, Lloyd's, Reuters and several British insurance companies. The firm also furnished the expeditionary and military needs of the Imperial British East Africa Company, and, from its formation in 1895, the East Africa Protectorate (covering the territory of modern Kenya and Tanzania, excluding Zanzibar). It was further responsible for supplying coal to British and German naval vessels in the area; an activity which proved especially significant during World War One. WJW Nicol joined the staff in Zanzibar as an assistant in 1887, and became a partner in 1890.
Between 1916 and 1923, new offices were opened in Nairobi, Kisumu, Kampala, Dar es Salaam, Tanga and Lindi. Also at this time, the firm's shipping activity was hived off into a subsidiary, the African Wharfage Company Limited. This company soon established its own subsidiaries, including a branch in Tanganyika; the African Marine and General Engineering Company Limited; and the Kenya Landing and Shipping Company Limited.
In 1936, the firm became Smith, MacKenzie and Company Limited, registered in Nairobi with its main East African office in Mombasa. However, it was not until 1950 that the direction of operations moved wholesale to Kenya.
In the preparations for the launching of the Inchcape group in 1958 (see Inchcape Group introductory note), Gray, Dawes and Company Limited increased its shareholding in the firm to 53.03%. A further 29% holding was purchased by the group in 1964.
The company was established in 1891 and traded from premises at 3 Birchin Lane as discount bankers (1891-1910), and subsequently at 30-31 Clements Lane (1911-29) and 65 Cornhill, White Lion Court (1930-1986) . It was registered as a private company on February 26th 1932 and as a public company on June 30th 1943.
The Company was taken over in June 1986 by King and Shaxson of Cornhill, who retain custody of all the post-1960 records of Smith St. Aubyn and Company.
The partnership of Thomas Smith and Thomas Tilson acted as solicitors to St Paul's Cathedral, but also carried on an independent business. These records relate to that business.
According to trade directories, Smith and Tilson were based at 68 St Paul's Churchyard, 1802-1805, and Chapter House, St Paul's, 1806-1809. The partnership does not appear in trade directories before 1802 or after 1809. However, the directory for 1799 contains an entry for Thomas Smith and Richard Stephens Taylor, attornies of Chapter House, St Paul's Churchyard, and the firm of Smith and Company, attornies of Chapter House, St Paul's Churchyard, appears in directories from 1810-17.
The company website provides the following history:
Having established a pharmaceutical chemist shop in 1856, Thomas James Smith entered into partnership with his nephew, Horatio Nelson Smith, in 1896 to form T J Smith and Nephew. The pair worked on developing medical dressings and saw their business expand between 1914 and 1918 to meet the needs of the military during the First World War. During the 1920s, the company began to develop Elastoplast plasters and, through subsequent acquisitions, have gone on to occupy a significant position in the medical market. The organisation currently operates four Global Business units across thirty-two countries: Orthopaedic Reconstruction and Trauma; Endoscopy; Advanced Wound Management; and Biologics.
Information available at http://www.global.smith-nephew.com/master/our_history_early_history_6184.htm and http://www.global.smith-nephew.com/master/about_us_what_we_do_1205.htm (accessed October 2010).
The Smith & Nephew UK Pension Fund was established in October 1961, and is open to permanent employees with at least three months service and who are over the age of 21. Benefits of the scheme include life assurance protection, a pension based on final pensionable earnings, and the opportunity to make Additional Voluntary Contributions.
Information taken from Smith and Nephew UK Pension Fund: Your Future Security (LMA/4557/01/002).
The origins of Smith Kendon can be traced back to 1780 when William Smith set up business producing confectionery in Fell Street in the City of London. The firm remained a family business operating under the name Smith and Co. and in the 1860s, following a fire which destroyed the Fell Street site, moved to 128-132 Borough High Street, Southwark, where it remained until 1974.
Samuel Smith made the firm's products more medicinal in character. For a short time a factory operated in Messina, Italy producing liquorice but this along with the home production of spices and jams had all ceased by 1914.
Contracts with the Armed Forces kept business going during the Second World War and products such as 'Altoids' ensured the firm's continued success. In 1948 Smith and Co. became a limited company under the name of Smith Kendon Ltd. The additional name was simply an amalgam of 'Ken' and 'Don', the names of the two Smith brothers. In 1974 the firm moved from the Borough High Street to Brigend, Glamorgan. In the same year Smith Kendon was presented with the Queen's Award for industry. The company is now owned by an American firm, Beatrice Foods, but products can still be bought under the traditional Smith Kendon name.
Born in Melbourne, Australia, 1894; educated at Charterhouse school; volunteered with Westminster Dragoons, 1914; served with Egyptian Expeditionary Force; commissioned into Royal Artillery, 1916; promoted to battery commander; married Norma Flowerdew Lowson, 1920; served in India, 1920-1938, leading expeditions to Kashmir, Sikkim and Western Tibet; commander, 53 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, 1939; commanded all anti-aircraft forces during invasion of Normandy; promoted to Major General, 1945; General Officer Commanding Troops in Malta and North Africa, 1948-1949; retired 1949; died 1956.
W A L Smith was born in London, son of William Otter Lauder Smith, of Wellclose, Barstaple. He was educated at Leys School, Cambridge, Trinity College Cambridge. Obtained BA, Cambridge, 1890, MA, 1894. Served as Resident Obstetrician at Guy's Hospital, London. Practiced at Wells, Somerset. Married Grace Parker. Died 1916.
William Smith was born in 1550 in Cheshire. He was apprenticed as a haberdasher. His earliest known work, A breffe discription of the royall citie of London, capitall citie of this realme of Englande dates to 1575 and is described in the Dictionary of National Biography as a "vividly written work, revised in 1588, contains a detailed description of the ceremonies surrounding the installation of the Lord Mayor, illustrating Smith's lifelong interest in pageantry, heraldry, and the London livery companies".
Smith moved to Nuremburg in Germany and managed a tavern, while still writing works on English genealogy and heraldry, and Cheshire topography. In 1595 he returned to London and was appointed to the College of Arms, in the position of Rouge Dragon pursuivant. He also began to write plays. Smith died in 1618.
Source of information: David Kathman, 'Smith, William (c.1550-1618)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2006.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Born, 1915; read Modern Languages at University College London, 1934-1937, 1938-1939; foreign correspondent for the BBC from 1942; served in Vienna and later Berlin from the mid-1940s until the early 1950s; stationed in Cairo during the Suez Crisis (1956); served in Cape Town in the late 1950s; served in Rome from the 1960s until his retirement in the 1970s; chief Mediterranean correspondent; OBE, 1969; died, 1979. Publication: A desk in Rome (Collins, London, 1974).
Smith entered the Navy in 1777 and served in North America and the West Indies, where in 1780 he was promoted to lieutenant. After the American War of Independence, he travelled in France, North Africa and the Baltic as a government agent and at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War he was in Smyrna. He joined Hood at Toulon and took part in its evacuation and burning. In 1794 he was employed in the North Sea and in 1796 off Le Havre, where he was captured during a cutting-out expedition. For two years he was a prisoner but escaped in 1798, when he was given command of Tigre as senior officer in the Levant. In 1799 his success at the defence of Acre halted the advance of the French army. He was elected Member of Parliament for Rochester in 1802. On the resumption of the war Smith commanded a squadron off Holland. In 1805 he was promoted to rear-admiral and went to the Mediterranean where he was active off the coast of South Italy. He took part in the expedition to the Dardanelles in 1807 and in the following year went briefly to the South American Station. In 1810 he was promoted to vice-admiral and went in 1812 to be second-in-command of the Mediterranean Station, returning in bad health in 1814. He saw no further active service and retired to Paris after 1815. He was made an admiral in 1821 Among the biographies are Sir John Barrow, 'Life and correspondence of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith, G. C. B.' (London, 1848) and Edward Russell, 2nd Baron of Liverpool, 'Knight of the sword; the life and letters of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith, C. C. B.' (London, 1964).
Sir William Smith, citizen and member of the Company of Waxchandler, was sheriff 1741-42 and alderman for Aldgate Ward 1747-52.
Thomas Smith was born in 1513. He studied at Queen's College, Cambridge University, gaining an MA in 1533. He was created Regius Professor of Civil law and Vice-Chancellor at Cambridge University in 1544. Created Secretary of State in 1548, Smith was knighted the same year. He was Ambassador to France, 1562-1566, and was later readmitted to the Privy Council, 1571, and reappointed Secretary of State, 1572. Smith died in 1577. Publications: An Old Mould to cast New Lawes (1643); De Republica Anglorum (1583); De recta & emendata Linguae Graecae pronuntiatione (1568); De recta & emendata Linguae Anglicae Scriptione (1568); The Authority, form, and manner of holding Parliaments; Sir Thomas Smithes Voiage and Entertainment in Rushia (N. Butter: London, 1605).
Born, Norwich, 1759; educated at home; began to study botany at eighteen; studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, 1781, studying botany under Dr John Hope; studied in London under John Hunter and Dr William Pitcairn, 1783; purchased the library, manuscripts, herbarium, and natural history collections made by Linnæus and his father; devoted his studies to natural history, mainly botany; Fellow, Royal Society, 1785; travelled on the continent, visiting eminent naturalists, 1786-1787; medical degree, Leyden, 1786; Founder, 1788, President, 1788-1828, Linnean Society; lectured on botany and zoology, 1788; Lecturer on Botany, Guy's Hospital, 1788; published Sowerby's English Botany, 1790-1814; appointed to manage the Queen's herbarium, and teach her and her daughters botany and zoology, 1791; retired to Norwich, 1796; delivered an annual course of lectures at the Royal Institution, [1796]-1825; knighted, 1814; died, 1828.
Publications include: Compendium Floræ Britannicæ (Londini, 1800); Exotic Botany: consisting of coloured figures and scientific descriptions of such new, beautiful, or rare plants as are worthy of cultivation in the gardens of Britain ... The figures by J Sowerby 2 volumes (London, 1804); Remarks on the generic characters of the decandrous papilionaceous plants of New Holland (London, [1804]); An Introduction to physiological and systematical Botany (London, 1807); A Review of the modern state of Botany, with a particular reference to the natural systems of Linnæus and Jussieu. From the second volume of the supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica [Edinburgh, 1817?]; Considerations respecting Cambridge, more particularly relating to its Botanical professorship (London, 1818); A Grammar of Botany, illustrative of artificial, as well as natural classification; with an explanation of Jussieu's system (London, 1821); A Compendium of the English Flora (Longman & Co, London, 1829); The English Flora 5 volumes (London, 1824-36); English Botany, or coloured figures of British Plants. ... The figures by J Sowerby Second edition, edited by J De C Sowerby 12 volumes (London, [1832]-1846).
Born 1896; educated at Diocesan College, South Africa and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned into the Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1915; service on Western Front, 1915-1919; British Military Mission, South Russia, 1920; Aide de Camp to Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland, Governor of Bengal, India, 1921-1922; Adjutant, 2 Bn, Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1927-1930; Staff College, Quetta, India, 1930-1932; Staff Capt, War Office, 1934-1936; employed on Air Staff Duties, RAF, 1936-1937; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, War Office, 1938-1940; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Commanding Officer, 5 Bn, The Devonshire Regt, 1940; Commanding Officer, 4/5 Bn, Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1940-1941; commanded 157 Infantry Bde, 1941-1942; Maj Gen, Director of Organisation, War Office, 1942-1943; commanded 155 Infantry Bde, 1943; General Officer Commanding, 52 Lowland Div, 1943-1946; awarded CBE, 1944; North West Europe campaign, 1944-1945; awarded CB, 1945; commanded Lowland District, Scotland, 1946; Col, The Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1946-1957; President of Military Court for War Crimes trial of German FM Albert von Kesselring, Venice, Italy, May 1947; retired 1949; Governor, Military Knights of Windsor, 1951-1978; Berkshire County Commandant, Army Cadet Force, 1952-1957; Deputy Constable and Lieutenant Governor of Windsor Castle, 1964-1972; created KCVO, 1967; died 1986.
Born 1889; educated at the City of London School; Queen's College Cambridge (Scholar); Director of Antiquities, Iraq, 1929-1930; Keeper of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum; Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology, University of London, 1938-1946; Professor of Ancient Semitic Languages, University of London; Honorary Fellow, Queen's College Cambridge, 1935; Fellow of the British Academy, 1941; Professor Emeritus, University of London; Honorary Fellow, School of Oriental and African Studies; Foreign Member, Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium; LittD; died, 1979. Publications include: 'The First Campaign of Sennacherib, King of Assyria, BC 705-681. The Assyrian text' (London, 1921); assisted with Sir E A T W Budge's 'The Babylonian Legends of the Creation, and the fight between Bel and the Dragon, as told by Assyrian tablets' (London, 1921); with D J Wiseman, 'Cuneiform Texts from Cappadocian Tablets in the British Museum' (London, 1921-1956); 'Babylonian Historical Texts relating to the capture and downfall of Babylon' (Methuen & Co, London, 1924); 'The Chronology of Philip Arrhidaeus, Antigonus and Alexander IV' (Paris, 1925); 'The Foundation of the Assyrian Empire', 'The Supremacy of Assyria', 'Sennacherib and Esarhaddon', 'The Age of Ashurbanipal', 'Ashurbanipal and the Fall of Assyria', in John B Bury, 'The Cambridge Ancient History' (from 1925); 'Early History of Assyria to 1000 BC' (1928); contributed to 'Royal inscriptions', by C J Gadd, L Legrain, and E R Burrows, in 'Ur Excavations. Ur Excavations. Texts', vol i (1928); 'Bible Illustrations selected and described by H R H Hall, Sidney Smith and S R K Glanville' [1934]; with I E S Edwards, 'Temporary Exhibition. Ancient Egyptian Sculpture lent by C S Gulbenkian' (London, 1937); 'Alalakh and Chronology' (Luzac & Co, London, 1940); 'Sir Flinders Petrie, 1853-1942' (Humphrey Milford, London [1943]); 'Isaiah, Chapters XL-LV. Literary criticism and history' (Oxford University Press, London, 1944); 'The Statue of Idri-mi' (London, 1949); 'Events in Arabia in the 6th Century AD', in 'Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London', vol xvi, pt 3, pp 425-68 (1954); 'The Practice of Kingship in Early Semitic Kingdoms', in Samuel H Hooke, 'Myth, Ritual, and Kingship', pp 22-73 (1958).
Sarah Smith was born in Wellington, Shropshire in 1832. She was educated locally. Aged 26 she began work as a freelance journalist and short story writer. One of her stories was sent to Charles Dickens without her knowledge by her sister Elizabeth, and was published in Household Words. Her work was published under the name Hesba Stretton (taken from the initials of her siblings' names and the nearby village of All Stretton). During the 1860s-1880s, whilst living with Elizabeth in Manchester and later in London, Stretton wrote several books for children and adults. She was concerned with political and social issues and in 1884 co-founded the London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (later known as the NSPCC).
Bachelor of Medicine; Bachelor of Surgery, 1942; MA, Oxford, 1943; Doctor of Medicine, 1955; Lecturer in Anaesthetics at the University of Oxford. Publications: with Gordon Ostlere, Anaesthetics for medical students (1976 and subsequent editions); edited, with J Alfred Lee, Practical regional analgesia (1976).
The author, who was an enthusiastic medical historian obtained his MD at Edinburgh in 1902, and practised in Sheffield. [Cf BMJ 1933, i. p. 939].
An account of the life and work of R.W. Innes Smith (1872 - 1933) is given in H.T. Swan, 'R.W. Innes Smith: a man to study', in 'Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh' vol.22 (1992), pp.224-37.
Robert Percy Smith entered St Thomas's Hospital in 1874. He graduated MD MB (University Scholar and Gold Medal winner, with Honours in Medicine and Obstetric Medicine), BS and FRCP. He was onsultant Physician for Psychological Disorders at St Thomas's Hospital [1905-1919], and Visiting Physician at Otto House, Fenstanton and Clarence Lodge Asylum.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
R T Smith was an HMI in Wiltshire.
Muriel Smith began her career as an Assistant Warden and Youth Leader of a purpose-built community centre outside Reading. In 1942 she trained in social work at Liverpool University and attended Reading University part time where she completed a degree in Philosophy and Psychology.
From 1949 to 1969 Muriel Smith worked with the London Voluntary Service Council (LCSS) as the head of the Community Development Department and was involved in the administering of grants from the LCC and GLC. She was also involved with the Central Housing Advisory Committee and a member of the Parker Morris Subcommittee which produced the report Homes for Today and Tomorrow. Her work brought her in touch with some of the major charitable trusts, in particular the City Parochial Foundation and the Gulbenkian Foundation in which Muriel was a member of many committees leading to various Gulbenkian publications.
In 1969 Muriel Smith was seconded to the Home Office as a consultant to the Community Development Project which was "...an attempt to research into the better understanding and comprehensive tackling of social needs, especially in local communities within older urban areas, through closer co-ordination of central and local official and unofficial effort, informed and stimulated by citizen initiative and involvement.", and later to the Voluntary Service Unit.
Muriel Smith was involved with the setting up of the Association of London Housing Estates and the Kenilworth Group.
Even after her retirement in 1979 Muriel Smith continued to be active in social work. She was responsible for three long-term Manpower Service projects, one sponsored by Toynbee Hall, were she helped with the preparations for their centenary year and gave a years voluntary service at their social centre working with mainly Bengali and Somali mothers and babies. The other two projects were sponsored by members of the Bengali local community who elected her as their organising secretary, as well as being a member of the Tower Hamlets Association for Racial Equality, and the subcommittee on education.
Muriel Smith was Secretary of the Lewes Music Club.
Michael Hornsby-Smith is Emeritus Professor of Sociology, University of Surrey. He was Chairman of the British Sociological Association's Sociology of Religion Study group, 1990-1993.
Publications:
Catholic Education (1978)
Roman Catholic Opinion (co-author 1979)
Roman Catholics in England (1987)
The Changing Parish (1989)
Roman Catholic Beliefs in England (1991)
The Politics of Spirituality (1995)
An Introduction to Catholic Social Thought (2006)
Born in New York,1907; graduated BA from Columbia University, New York, 1934; PhD, 1938; university teacher; president of the American Ethnological Society; undertook fieldwork in north-western India; moved to Britain, 1952; married H. Farrant Akehurst; honorary secretary of the Royal Anthropological Institute in London, 1956; taught part-time in the Anthropology Department of the London School of Economics; died, 1961.
Publications: The Puyallup-Nisqually (1940)
Archaeology of the Columbia-Fraser Region (1950)
Horton-Smith was a barrister and joint founder and Secretary of the Imperial Maritime League, which was active between 1908 and 1913. It was founded as a protest against the British Navy League, which fully supported the actions of Lord Fisher. The Imperial Maritime League felt that the Navy League did not go far enough in its demands for the strengthening of British naval power. Horton-Smith was the author of numerous pamphlets on naval affairs.
Joseph S Kellet Smith was a surgeon who was attached to an expedition lead by R I Money in the country west of Lake Nyasa, [Malawi], 1875.
Joseph Smith of 'The Sugar Loaf', Cannon Street was a wholesale grocer to customers largely in London and the Home Counties.
Professor of Chemistry, Bedford College, University of London, 1949-1970; Emeritus Professor, 1970; retired 1970; died 1985.
No historical information is available for this item.
James Smith was born in Liverpool on 26 March 1805, the son of Joshua Smith. He entered a merchant's office at an early age, and, after remaining there seventeen years, he started his own business, retiring in 1855. He studied geometry and mathematics for practical purposes, and made some mechanical experiments with a view to facilitating mining operations. He became interested in the problem of squaring the circle, and in 1859 he published a work entitled 'The Problem of squaring the Circle solved', which was followed in 1861 by 'The Quadrature of the Circle: Correspondence between an Eminent Mathematician and J. Smith, Esq'. This was ridiculed in the 'Athenaeum', and Smith replied in a letter which was inserted as an advertisement. From this time the establishment of his theory became the central interest of his life, and he bombarded the Royal Society and most of the mathematicians of the day with many letters and pamphlets on the subject. Augustus De Morgan was selected as his peculiar victim on account of certain reflections he had cast on him in the 'Athenaeum'. Smith was not content to claim that he was able graphically to construct a square equal in area to a given circle, but boldly laid down the proposition that the diameter of a circle was to the circumference in the exact proportion of 1 to 3x125. In ordinary business matters, however, he was shrewd and capable. He was nominated by the Board of Trade to a seat on the Liverpool local marine board, and was a member of the Mersey docks and harbour board. He died at his residence, Barkeley House, Seaforth, near Liverpool, in March 1872.
Born 1904, educated at Pangborne Naval College. Joined Royal Naval Reserve 1921, Midshipman 1921, Sub Lt 1925, Lt Cdr 1928, Lt Cdr 1937, commanded HMS ANEMONE, Western Approaches Command, 1940-1942, DSO 1940, for services during Dunkirk evacuation; Cdr 1941; awarded Bar to DSO, 1941 for successful action against an enemy submarine; commanded HMS SPEY, Western Approaches Command, 1942-1943; awarded DSC and US Commendation for exceptionally meritorious service during landings in North Africa, Nov 1942; Capt 1943; Admiralty (Second Sea Lord's Office) 1943-1945, mainly concerned with Officer Appointments in Western Approaches escort ships; War Course, Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1950-1951, retired 1952; Served in Merchant Navy, Commonwealth and Dominion Line (later renamed the Port Line), 1922-1929, Cunard 1929-1934, Extra Master's Certificate, 1930; Colonial Maritime Service, 1935-1940 (Palestine) and 1946-1950 (Marine Superintendent, Western Pacific High Commission, based in Fiji); Courtaulds Ltd, Central Staff Dept 1951-1968, died 1999.
Born, 1858; educated at Tonbridge School; St John's College, Cambridge (Foundation Scholar); 1st Class Classical Tripos, 1881; Cambridge University Extension Lecturer; Professor of English Literature, Firth College, Sheffield, 1896; retained this post in the University of Sheffield, 1905-1924; Emeritus Professor of English Language and Literature in the University of Sheffield; Honorary Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge; Fellow of the British Academy, 1933; died, 1940. See also John Dover Wilson, George Charles Moore Smith 1858-1940 (from the Proceedings of the British Academy; Humphrey Milford, London, [1945]). Publications: The Life of John Colborne, Field-Marshal Lord Seaton (1903); Story of the People's College, Sheffield (1912); College Plays (1923); Thomas Randolph (Warton Lecture, 1927); as editor, Autobiography of Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Smith (1902); Gabriel Harvey's Marginalia (1913); Henry Tubbe (1915); The Letters of Dorothy Osborne to William Temple (1928); The Early Essays and Romances of Sir William Temple (1930); Henry V (1896); King John (1900); Edward III (1897); Bacon's New Atlantis (1900); the Cambridge Plays: Club Law (1907), Pedantius (1905), Victoria (1906), Hymenæus (1908), Fucus (1909), Laelia (1910); Hemminge's Elegy on Randolph's Finger (1923); The Poems of Lord Herbert of Cherbury (1923); The Queen Bee, The Old Post (translated from the Danish of Carl Ewald, 1907, 1922); with Dr P H Reaney, The Withypoll Family (1936); contributions to the Modern Language Review, Notes and Queries, and The Genealogist. See also A bibliography of the writings of G C Moore Smith (printed for subscribers at Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1928).
George Smith was born on 15 July 1871. He was educated at Battersea Grammar School, 1880-1887. From 1881 to 1892 he was articled to Gilbert Ellis who were engaged in the business of Antiquarian books. Smith passed the Library Association examination with honours, being the only candidate to qualify for the full professional certificate prior to the revised scheme of 1901. From 1893 to 1894 he served as the sub librarian of University College London and chief librarian of the Linen Hall, Belfast from 1894 to 1902. On the death of Gilbert Ellis in 1902, Smith succeeded to a partnership in the firm of Ellis and Elvey, the rare and antique bookshop founded by John Brindley, the famous bookbinder and publisher in 1728. He remained with the firm until his retirement in 1937 and died in Brighton aged 91 years.
This small group of documents shows some of the provision made by Benjamin Smith, who died in 1861, for his daughters Barbara (1827-1891) and Anne Leigh Smith; Barbara married Dr Eugene Bodichon in 1857. She was a tireless worker in improving the position of women, especially in education. Among her friends were Emily Davies and Elizabeth Garrett.
Delf-Smith, Ellen Marion (1883-1980), botanist, was born on 31 January 1883. Educated at the James Allen Girls' School, Dulwich, and at Girton College, Cambridge, she studied under such historic figures as Marshall Ward and F. F. Blackman. At Girton she earned a first class in both parts of the natural sciences tripos, and was joint winner of the Montefiore prize in 1906, her final year. Originally planning to stay at Cambridge to study plant physiology with F. F. Blackman, she instead accepted an offer to teach botany at Westfield College, University of London.
In the early years there were few facilities for science teaching at Westfield and she had no help. Equipment grants and technicians were unknown, and if she wanted a specimen she had to go out and collect it and prepare it herself. In 1910 the University of London approved the Westfield laboratory to prepare students for the final BSc pass examination in botany and granted Delf the status of a recognized teacher of the university. The college was recognized to prepare students for honours degrees in botany in 1915.
By working at the Joddrell Laboratory, Kew, she took her London D.Sc. in 1912. Her main studies were in plant physiology, but in later years her interests widened to take in the marine algae and indeed a large number of other subjects. Between 1911 and 1916 she studied the transpiration of plants, the process by which plants excrete water, particularly the morphology of Ulvaceae or seaweeds, publishing her results in four papers in the Annals of Botany. In 1912 she was awarded the London DSc degree for a thesis based on original research, as well as the Gamble prize from Girton for an essay entitled 'The biology of transpiration'.
In 1914 Delf was granted a Yarrow fellowship from Girton to work on transpiration in evergreens, but the demands of the First World War made her feel that she should be more directly involved in war work and so from December 1916 to January 1920 she was a research assistant at the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine in London. As a member of a team led by Dr Harriet Chick she investigated the vitamin content of foods as pertaining to the rations of the military.
After the war, she was returned to Westfield, yet left once more in 1920 to go to South Africa as a temporary research fellow attached to the Institute of Medical Research, Johannesburg, where she continued her vitamin research; investigating the vitamin C content in the diets of local mine workers. She was offered a chance to remain permanently in South Africa, but chose to return to Westfield, when she learned that a new laboratory had just been built for her. From 1922 her connection with Westfield was unbroken; she was appointed a university reader in 1921, became head of the Westfield botany department in 1939, and directed the developing Botany Department through its removal to a new building and over its war years in evacuation in Oxford. Many of her students proceeded to posts in higher education and research and attribute their scientific awakening to her stimulus and interest.
In 1928 she married Percy John Smith, well-known as an artist, etcher and letterer from which time she was generally known as Delf-Smith. She moved with him to Haverstock Hill in Hampstead, remaining at Westfield as a non-resident lecturer. He pre-deceased her in 1948, the year of her retirement. After retirement she continued her association with Westfield as President of the Westfield College Association, 1950-1955, and subsequently as an Honorary Fellow, appointed in 1955. Delf-Smith was a life member of the British Association, a fellow of the Linnean Society, a member of the South East London Botany Society, the South East Union of Scientific Societies, and the Association of Women Science Teachers, served on the advisory algae committee of the Scottish Seaweed Organization and for many years was an Honorary Member of the British Phycological Society. She died on 23 February 1980 at the age of ninety-seven.
Born at Aliwal North, Cape Colony, 7th September 1876; son of the Rev John Smith (1840-1915) and his second wife Fanny Jeary (married 1874), Primitive Methodist missionaries; studied at Elmfield College, York; accepted for the ministry, 1897; Primitive Methodist missionary in Basutoland [Lesotho], South Africa, 1898-1902; married Julia Anne (née Fitch), 3rd October 1899; joined the mission to the Baila-Batonga in northern Rhodesia [Zambia], 1902; at Nanzela, 1902-1908; at Mexborough, 1908-1909; pioneered the mission at Kasenga, 1909-1915; reduced the Ila language to written form, made a grammar and dictionary, and translated most of the New Testament; returned to England, 1915; military chaplain in France, 1915-1916; seconded to the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1916-1939; initially its secretary in Rome, Italy; later at the Society's headquarters giving editorial supervision to Scripture translations in many languages; editorial superintendent, 1933-1939; a prominent anthropologist and pioneer of the study of indigenous African religious beliefs; founder member of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures (later the International African Institute), 1926; President of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1933-1935; retired from the church, 1939; taught in north America, at the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford Seminary, and at Fisk University, 1939-1944; editor of Africa, journal of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, 1945-1948; honorary Doctor of Divinity from University of Winnipeg, c1937; honorary Doctor of Divinity, University of Toronto, 1942; died at Deal, Kent, 1957. Publications: works on the Ila language and people, anthropological works, works relating to inter-racial relations, and research on missionary history and biography, including: Handbook of the Ila Language (1907); with A M Dale, The Ila-speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia (1920); Robert Moffat (1925); The Golden Stool (1926); The Secret of the African (1929); Aggrey of Africa (1929); African Belief and Christian Faith (1936); The Mabilles of Basutoland (1939); The Life and Times of Daniel Lindley (1947); edited African Ideas of God (1950); biography of Roger Price, Great Lion of Bechuanaland (1957).
Born 1931; joined Army as National Serviceman, 1951; commissioned, Duke of Wellington's Regt, 1951; played Rugby Union for Scotland, 1952; 2nd Lt, 1 Bn, Duke of Wellington's Regt, 1 Commonwealth Div, Korea, 1952-1953; awarded MC for service during Battle of `The Hook', Korea, May 1953; served with 1 Bn, Duke of Wellington's Regt, Cyprus, 1956; joined 22 Bn, Special Air Service (SAS), 1961; Commander, 22 Bn SAS Mountain Training Centre, Bavaria, Germany, 1965; retired from Army, 1969; head of management training, H P Bulmer, cider producer, 1969-1975; founded and ran management training company, Leadership Trust, 1975- 1993; died, 2003.
Winning hearts and minds (Pen Press Publishers Ltd, London 2003)
Born 1931; joined Army as National Serviceman, 1951; commissioned, Duke of Wellington's Regt, 1951; played Rugby Union for Scotland, 1952; 2nd Lt, 1 Bn, Duke of Wellington's Regt, 1 Commonwealth Div, Korea, 1952-1953; awarded MC for service during Battle of 'The Hook', Korea, May 1953; served with 1 Bn, Duke of Wellington's Regt, Cyprus, 1956; joined 22 Bn, Special Air Service (SAS), 1961; Commander, 22 Bn SAS Mountain Training Centre, Bavaria, Germany, 1965; retired from Army, 1969; head of management training, H P Bulmer, cider producer, 1969-1975; founded and ran management training company, Leadership Trust, 1975- 1993; died, 2003.
Publications include: Winning hearts and minds (Pen Press Publishers Ltd, London 2003).
Possibly Charles William Smith of Liverpool, who published a series of books and articles on international trade, including Commercial gambling: the principal causes of depression in agriculture and trade (Sampson Low and Co, London, 1893), Original theories upon and remedies for depression in trade, land, agriculture and silver (Sampson Low and Co, London, 1893); International, commercial and financial gambling in Options and Futures' (PS King and Son, 1906), and The South African war and theBear' operator: a financial revolution (PS King and Son, London, 1912).
Charles Roach Smith was a chemist who practiced archaeology as a hobby; collecting items found in the construction of sewers and the dredging of the Thames. He published a catalogue of his collection in 1854, and in 1855 sold the items (over 5000 of them) to the British Museum. Smith worked on studies of Roman London based on observation of remains; as well as publishing articles relating to coins, field monuments, Anglo-Saxon grave goods and sepulchres, both in the UK and Europe. In December 1843 Smith joined Thomas Wright in founding the British Archaeological Association.
Frederick William Fairholt trained as an artist from the age of 12, and became an engraver preparing illustrations for magazines. He began to receive commissions to illustrate antiquarian works; and was employed as artist and writer for the Art Union magazine. His antiquarian knowledge made him much in demand for the illustration of scholarly publications; and he did the illustrations for Charles Roach Smith's The Antiquities of Richborough (1850) and Thomas Wright's Archaeological Album (1845).
Source of information: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press.
Born, 1917; educated: Wyggeston Boys School; University College School London; Trinity College Cambridge, 1935-1942; Friends Relief Service, Second World War; Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, 1945; Assistant Lecturer, Galton Laboratory, University College London, 1946; Lecturer, University College London; Reader, University College London; Weldon Professor of Biometrics, University College London, 1964; President of the Biometric Society (British Region), 1971-1972; died, 2002.
Cecil Louis Troughton Smith was born in Egypt to British parents and educated in Britain before becoming a writer under the pseudonym C S Forester. After the Second World War he settled permanently in the United States. He is now best known as the author of The African Queen (1935) and a series of historical novels about a naval officer, Horatio Hornblower (1937-1962); both of these have become well known through film and television adaptations.
Born 1926; educated at Haileybury College and Clare College, Cambridge University; served in the British Army, 1945-1948, where he gained a commission in the Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 1946, and became Military Assistant to the Deputy Commander of the Allied Commission for Austria, 1947-1948; Research Fellow, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, collecting economic evidence for the Guillebaud Committee, 1953-1955; Assistant Lecturer, 1955-1957, and Lecturer, 1957-1961, in Social Science, London School of Economics; Reader in Social Administration, University of London, 1961; Associate Professor, Yale Law School, Yale University, USA, 1961; Professor of Social Administration, London School of Economics, 1965-1991; Consultant and expert advisor to the World Health Organisation on costs of medical care, 1957-; Consultant to the Social Affairs Division of the United Nations, 1959, and the International Labour Organisation, 1967 and 1981-1983; Special Advisor to the Secretary of State for Social Services, 1968-1970 and 1974-1978, and the Secretary of State for the Environment, 1978-1979; Advisor to the Commissioner for Social Affairs, European Economic Community, 1977-1980; Member of the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board, 1956-1963, the Central Health Services Council Sub-Committee on Prescribing Statistics, 1960-1964, the Sainsbury Committee, 1965-1967, the Long Term Study Group (on the development of the NHS), 1965-1968, the Hunter Committee, 1970-1972, and the Fisher Committee, 1971-1973; Chairman, Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee, 1961-1962; Governor of St Thomas' Hospital, 1957-1968, and Maudsley Hospital and the Institute of Psychiatry, 1963-1967; died 1996.
Publications: Health insurance in developing countries (International Labour Office, Geneva, 1990); Introduction to health policy, planning and financing (Longman, London, 1994); Cost containment and new priorities in health care: a study of the European Community (Avebury, Aldershot, 1992); Cost containment in health care: the experience of 12 European countries, 1977-83 (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1984); Planning the finances of the health sector: a manual for developing Countries (World Health Organization, Geneva, 1983); Child poverty (Family Service Units, London, [1976]); Marriage, parenthood and social policy (Liverpool University Press, 1982); Value for money in health services a comparative study (Heinemann, London, 1976); A history of the nursing profession (Heinemann Educational, London, 1975); National Health Service: the first thirty years (H.M.S.O., London, 1978); Report of Professor Brian Abel-Smith and Mr. Tony Lynes on a National Pension Scheme for Mauritius (Government Printer, Port Louis, 1976); Social policies and population growth in Mauritus: report to the Governor of Mauritius (Methuen, London, 1961); Poverty, development and health policy (World Health Organization, Geneva; H.M.S.O., London, 1978).