The East Indian (ie Indian) Grain and Oilseed Shippers' Association of London was incorporated in 1920. It aimed to prevent the introduction of new bills of lading by shipping lines involved in the Indian homeward trade, which were considered unacceptable by importers of grain and oilseed. Based at Baltic Exchange Chambers, St Mary Axe.
Edward Grace and Company, later Grace and Jepson, brokers and merchants, traded in slaves, oil and other commodities, in Gambia, Senegal and the West Indies. The firm had premises at 27 Exchange Alley, Cornhill and later, as Grace and Jepson, at 8 Park Cross Street, Leeds.
The Equitable Reversionary Interest Society was formed under a Deed of Settlement of 1835 to purchase reversionary interests in real and personal property of whatever kind, to purchase or grant loans at interest secured on life insurance policies, and also to borrow or raise and secure the repayment of money, in particular by the issue of debentures or debenture stock.
The Society was similar in its aims and organisation to the successful Reversionary Interest Society which had been established 12 years previously. The reversionary interest societies were popular because they allowed clients to exchange the certainties of wealth in the future for cash in the present, or to raise loans on them. The societies wished to purchase reversions with a view to making a profit between purchase and recovery (when the reversion had "fallen in" and the property was "recovered"). The profit would be appropriated to the payment of dividends or to reserves (as would that gained from loans etc.)
In 1879, the Equitable Reversionary Interest Society became a company limited by shares. The Society was acquired in 1920 by the Equitable Life Assurance Society which had also purchased the Reversionary Interest Society in the previous year. Thereafter the fortunes of the two reversionary interest societies were complementary. New business was brought to an end in 1977, although the Equitable Life Assurance Society continues to look after current business.
The Society's head office was located as follows: 10 Lancaster Place (1835-1920); 30 Coleman Street (1920-4); 19 Coleman Street (1924-66); and 4 Coleman Street (1966 onwards).
Exchange Telegraph Company Limited was incorporated on 28 March 1872 to transmit business intelligence, including stock and share prices and shipping news, from stock or commercial exchanges and offices of the company to subscribers. Its founders were Sir James Anderson, former captain of the "Great Eastern", which laid the first submarine telegraph cable beneath the Atlantic in the late 1860s, and an American, George Baker Field. Lord William Montague Hay was the first chairman and Captain W H Davies, former first officer of the "Great Eastern", became the first managing director.
A licence was obtained from the Postmaster-General to carry out ETC's system of telegraphy within a 900 yard radius of stock exchanges in London, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Dublin. Agents were appointed in Manchester and Liverpool.
The first service (the financial service) began in November 1872 when an operator was placed in the Settling Room of the London Stock Exchange, and tape instruments were furnished to members and non-members of the Stock Exchange. In October 1874 a system was introduced whereby subscribing firms could send, through nearby Bartholomew House, messages to their representatives on the floor of the Stock Exchange, and those representatives could get in touch with their offices. The system continued in use until the old Stock Exchange building closed in 1970. A parliamentary service was begun in 1876 and a general news service in 1879. The latter included sport and foreign news. In 1882 the Glasgow and Liverpool Exchange Telegraph Companies were launched. In 1891 a legal service was instituted, reporting from the Royal Courts of Justice in the Strand.
By 1906, ETC had branches in Birmingham, Bristol, Brighton, Glasgow, Hull, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle and Nottingham.
In 1907, a new fast financial service was begun by Frederick Higgins (ETC's chief engineer from 1872 until his death in 1915), with new, faster-working instruments of his own invention. The objects of the company were extended in 1913 to include the collecting and distributing of news worldwide, and the undertaking of advertising agency business. A statistics service was begun in 1919, to produce compact sources of information about the main activities and financial position of individual companies (these sources are now known as Extel cards). In the early 1930s, a new fast special sporting service was introduced, using page printers manufactured by Creed, Bille and Company. The foreign service closed down in 1956, and the parliamentary and general home news services closed down in 1965, as these had all proved uneconomical. Also in 1965, ETC withdrew from the joint law service which it had operated with the Press Association.
The company was involved in many legal battles, chiefly libel and copyright cases, but its fiercest and most protracted quarrel was with the Press Association. Competition between the two agencies in the reporting of sport led to a rate-cutting war in 1905. They signed, on 3 July 1906, the Joint Service Agreement, whereby they were to run joint services in all areas except London, but there were difficulties in working the agreement. The matter went to arbitration and it was not until about 1911 that the joint service began to work effectively. ETC began to build up a group of subsidiaries from 1945, when it acquired the Press Association's interest in Central News Limited (including the Column Printing Co Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary), which they had controlled jointly since 1935. Thames Paper Supplies, of Curtain Road EC3, was acquired in 1948, and the Victoria Blower Company Limited, which operated the 'Blower' telephone service for bookmakers from London and Leeds, in 1954.
In 1962, ETC bought the London and Provincial Sporting News Agency Limited, and in 1964 acquired Burrup, Mathieson and Company Limited, printers (est. 1628). In 1966 the group was reorganised. Exchange Telegraph Company Limited changed its name to Exchange Telegraph Company (Holdings) Limited and became the parent holding company of the group. It became Extel Group Limited in 1980 and Extel Group Plc in 1982. In 1987 the group was taken over by United Newspapers Limited.
ETC had offices at 11, Old Broad Street, April-July 1872; 17-18 Cornhill, 1872-1919; 64 Cannon Street, 1919-57 (and 62 Cannon Street from 1922); and Extel House (formerly Island House), East Harding Street, 1957-87. The company also opened a West End office at 8 Piccadilly in December 1876.
The Foreign Banks and Affiliates Association was founded in 1947 with twelve members. Membership had increased to 108 by 1981, almost a third of all the foreign banks (including the British overseas and Commonwealth banks) in the City. In 1983 three regional committees: EEC (countries of the European Economic Community), Europe (countries of Eastern and Western Europe which were not members of the EEC committee) and World were set up. Later in the same year, functional committees were established: Accounting and Statistics; Banking Supervision; CHAPS (the clearing banks' proposals for an automated payment clearing system) and LondonClear; Export Finance; Fiscal; Foreign Exchange; Operations; and Securities. In 1979 the organisation's name was changed to the Foreign Banks Association, in 1989 to the Foreign Banks and Securities Houses Association, and in 2003 to the Association of Foreign Banks.
The Association was based at 4 Bishopsgate (1947-73), 16 St Helen's Place (1974-1977), 1-3 Abchurch Yard (1977-1981), 4 Bishopsgate (1981-1989), 68 Lombard Street (1989-1990) and 5 Lawrence Pountney Lane (1991-).
This firm of stockbrokers was founded in c 1870 by William John Galloway and Cyrus Tom Pearson as Galloway & Pearson, with offices at 75 Old Broad Street. The founding families continued to be represented amongst the partners until the late 1950s.
A service company, Gallus Services Limited, was established in 1979 to acquire all the fixed assets of the partnership and to provide the services required to maintain the stockbroking business. In 1984, Galloway and Pearson (and Gallus Services Limited) merged with WICO (W. I. Carr, Sons and Company (Overseas) Limited) to form WICO Galloway and Pearson Limited. WICO was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Exco International plc, who subsequently acquired a 29.9% stake in the new firm with an option to purchase the remaining 70.1%
Galloway and Pearson had premises: 75 Old Broad Street (1870-81); 3 Drapers' Gardens (1882-1910); 3 Drapers' Gardens and Warnford Court (1911 only) then 27G Throgmorton Street (1911-35); 1 London Wall Buildings and 27G Throgmorton Street (to 1940) then Warnford Court (1936-41); Warnford Court (1942-83); Warnford Court and 29 Throgmorton Street (1984).
WICO Galloway & Pearson Limited had premises: Warnford Court and 29 Throgmorton Street (1985), and Sherborne House, 119 Cannon Street (1986).
Richard and George Attenborough established themselves as pawnbrokers and jewellers at 204 Fleet Street in 1844. By 1847, George Attenborough (1821-94) was trading alone, though he was subsequently joined by his sons, Arthur Henry Attenborough and George Attenborough. They traded from a number of addresses, before settling at 193 Fleet Street from 1873, where the firm was based until 1987. They are also described in London directories as silversmiths, watchmakers, appraisers, diamond and pearl merchants, and bullion dealers.
George Frederick Dickson and Company were merchants trading with South America from various addresses in the City : 62 Old Broad Steet 1828-36; 3 Crosby Square 1837-40; 1 Winchester Buildings 1841-1847; 27 New Broad Street 1848-50; 8 Great Winchester Street 1851-68 and 3 Great Winchester Street Buildings 1869-73.
George Frederick Dickson acted as consul general for Buenos Aires in 1841 and 1848-1857 and as consul general for the Argentine Confederation in 1858. From 1863 onwards the company is listed in trade directories as agents for F C Dickson and Company, gunpowder manufacturers of Blackbeck Newton in Lancashire and much of their business from that date appears to have centred round the import/export of gunpowder.
This firm of solicitors was established in c 1887 by Gilbert Ellis Samuel (1859-1926). Trading as Gilbert Samuel and Company from c 1902, the firm had offices at 39 Old Broad Street (1887-1890), 16 Great Winchester Street (1891-1961) and 3 Michael's Alley, Cornhill (1962-1971). They were taken over c 1970 by Bischoff and Company, solicitors.
Globe Telegraph and Trust Company Limited was incorporated in 1873 by John Pender, a Liberal MP, who also founded the Eastern and Associated Telegraph Companies Group. Globe was formed in order to spread the short term risk of cable laying over a number of companies, and shares in Globe were offered in exchange for shares in submarine telegraph and associated companies. The Eastern and Associated Telegraph Companies Group, meanwhile, was built up by Pender over a number of years in the late 19th century.
The African Direct Telegraph Company Limited was formed in 1885 by John Pender to link the main British ports on the west coast of Africa with each other and with England. The company was renamed in 1957 as African Direct Telegraph and Trust Company Limited and in 1965 as Electra Investments Limited.
Globe Telegraph and Trust Company Limited was incorporated in 1873 by John Pender, a Liberal MP, who also founded the Eastern and Associated Telegraph Companies Group. Globe was formed in order to spread the short term risk of cable laying over a number of companies, and shares in Globe were offered in exchange for shares in submarine telegraph and associated companies. The Eastern and Associated Telegraph Companies Group, meanwhile, was built up by Pender over a number of years in the late 19th century.
The British Australian Telegraph Company Limited was formed in 1870 by John Pender to bring Australia within the scope of telegraph communication with Britain. In 1873 it merged with the China Submarine Telegraph Company Limited and the British Indian Extension Telegraph Company Limited to form the Eastern Extension, Australasia and China Telegraph Company Limited.
Globe Telegraph and Trust Company Limited was incorporated in 1873 by John Pender, a Liberal MP, who also founded the Eastern and Associated Telegraph Companies Group. Globe was formed in order to spread the short term risk of cable laying over a number of companies, and shares in Globe were offered in exchange for shares in submarine telegraph and associated companies. The Eastern and Associated Telegraph Companies Group, meanwhile, was built up by Pender over a number of years in the late 19th century.
The British Indian Extension Telegraph Company Limited was formed in 1869 by John Pender, in order to lay a telegraph cable from Madras to Singapore. It merged in 1873 with China Submarine Telegraph Company Limited and British Australian Telegraph Company Limited to form Eastern Extension, Australasia and China Telegraph Company Limited.
The Edible Oil Association was established by the Ministry of Food (Oil and Fats Control) in 1939 to oversee the creation of a national pool of edible oil and fats by all manufacturers. This was the first step towards wartime rationing. The Association was the forerunner of the National Edible Oil Distributors Federation, formed in 1946.
The federation, formed in 1921 as the National Lubricating Oil Federation and re-named in 1922, comprised representatives of local lubricating oil associations, most notably those in London, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Bristol and South Wales. It aimed to co-ordinate the efforts of these local associations, to provide for their mutual support and to stimulate discussion on matters affecting the trade.
In 1921 Broad Street Estates Limited (incorporated 1913), which owned a freehold building in Old Broad Street opposite Gresham House, was acquired by the Gresham House Estate Company Limited (CLC/B/106-01). This property was sold in 1953. Since the late 1950's, the Gresham House Estate Company Limited and its subsidiary, Broad Street Estates Limited, have been concerned mainly with investment business.
Albion Fire Insurance Association Limited (known until 1893 as Fire Insurance Association Limited) was established in 1880. It was based at 66-7 Cornhill, 1880-89 and 90 Cannon Street, 1890-4.
This company was established in 1906 for motor accident insurance and expanded into life and general business insurance in 1918. It was acquired by Royal Exchange Assurance (CLC/B/107-02) in 1927. Its head office address was 10 St James's Street, but it had several branch offices including one at 70 Cornhill and the Marine Department at 19 Royal Exchange.
The company was established in 1854 as the National Provincial Plate Glass Insurance Company at 37 Ludgate Hill. It was acquired by Royal Exchange Assurance (CLC/B/107-02) in 1909, at which time its address was 66 Ludgate Hill, and changed its name to National Provincial Plate Glass and General Insurance Company in 1912. It became National Provincial Insurance Company in 1921.
The Reliance Marine Insurance Company Limited was established in Liverpool in 1881. In 1916 it was taken over by Guardian Assurance (CLC/B/107-01), which later became part of Guardian Royal Exchange.
This company was established in Liverpool in 1891, as State Fire Insurance Company, to cover fire insurance in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America. It was renamed State Assurance Company in 1910 at which time it expanded into general insurance business. In 1924 it became a subsidiary of Royal Exchange Assurance (CLC/B/107-02) which in turn merged with Guardian Assurance in 1968, forming Guardian Royal Exchange.
Henry Barber traded as a salmon factor from 1841. By 1855 he had a stand in Billingsgate market and by 1880 had leased shop 7 where the business remained until it went into voluntary liquidation in 1979. The limited company was formed in April 1925. It specialised in salmon, but also dealt in eels through subsidiaries.
Subsidiaries of H Barber and Son Limited included:
- D and J Barber (Eels) Limited, formerly John and Paul (Eels) Limited, eel merchants, trading from 13b Lovat Lane (they were taken over and renamed in 1960);
- Braddan Fishing Co Limited, formed in 1952 to manage salmon fishings;
- Cahill and Young Limited, a defunct Irish company which was acquired ca. 1954 and used to purchase the Galway fishery;
- John T Clark Limited, a Billingsgate company taken over ca. 1960;
- UC Farmer Limited, a Billingsgate company formed in 1965;
- A Langley and Co Limited, cooked eel merchants, trading from 28 Monument Street;
- EF Marchant Limited, a Billingsgate company taken over in 1964.
Braddan Fishing Company Limited was a subsidiary of H Barber and Sons Limited. It was formed in 1952 to manage salmon fishing.
John T Clark Limited is first listed in the trade directories for 1933 as a fish factor of Billingsgate and 90 Lower Thames Street. The firm was taken over by H Barber and Son Limited circa 1965 (John T Clark is listed in the directories until 1968, and these records run until 1971).
U. C. Farmer Limited, fishmongers, was a Billingsgate company formed in 1965.
EF Marchant Limited were a Billingsgate company taken over by H Barber and Sons Limited in 1964.
The Bank originated as the London branch of the Copenhagen firm of J. C. Hambro and Son (established c 1800) and was formerly known as C. J. Hambro and Son, 1839-1920 and Hambros Bank of Northern Commerce Ltd, 1920-1921. It formerly traded from 11 King William Street, c 1839-1843, and 70 Old Broad Street, 1843-1926. It was amalgamated with the British Bank of Northern Commerce Limited in 1920.
William Harrison and John Legas became partners in an iron founding and gun founding business on 29 September 1741. They owned a number of foundries in East Sussex, and dealt largely with the Board of Ordnance at Woolwich, where Samuel Remnant was their agent. On William Harrison's death in January 1744/5, his share in the partnership passed to his executors, Samual Remnant and John Legas, as trustees for his sons Andrew and John Harrison.
Daniel and Smith Harrison and Joseph Crosfield entered into partnership in January 1844 to trade as tea and coffee merchants at 6 Temple Street, Liverpool, under the style Harrisons and Crosfield. The partnership moved in July 1854 to 3 Great Tower Street, London, becoming from the 1860s one of the largest tea traders in Britain. In the 1890s the company admitted a number of new partners (Charles Heath Clark, George Croll, Arthur Lampard and Eric Miller) and changed the direction of its business. The company took on the blending and packing of teas, and imports from Ceylon were stored in a warehouse on Ceylon Wharf, Bankside in Southwark. The company was also increasingly involved in rubber and plantation estates in the mid-20th century, and acquired shareholdings, often acting as agents and secretaries, in a number of plantation companies. By the late 20th century, Harrisons and Crosfield managed nearly half a million acres of tropical crops in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Southern India, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The firm became a limited company under the style Harrisons and Crosfield Limited in May 1908.
Much of the company's interest in tea was disposed of in 1916 on the formation of Twining, Crosfield and Company Limited. As well as diversifying into rubber plantation Harrisons and Crosfield Limited had interests in timber (through its stake in British Borneo Timber Limited, later called Sabah Timber Company), and especially from the 1950s, palm oil, speciality chemicals and other estates agency work, including the related business from insurance and shipping. From the late 1960s the company again changed direction moving to consolidate its interests in a number of divisions, including the "Harcros" group of timber merchants and building suppliers, chemicals, animal feeds and other agricultural products. Most of the interests Harrisons and Crosfield had in individual plantation companies were merged into larger companies (e.g. London Sumatra Plantations) in the 1960s and afterwards, and those companies have subsequently been sold. The firm became a public limited company in 1982. In late 1997 the firm started the disposal of all its timber and building supplies and food and agriculture divisions, to concentrate on speciality chemicals. From January 1998 the firm has been known as Elementis Plc.
Harrisons and Crosfield established branches in the following places:
AFRICA: Nairobi branch opened in 1962/3, becoming part of Phillips, Harrisons and Crosfield from 1965 (see Ms 38092-4).
AUSTRALIA: Offices opened in 1910 in Melbourne. From 1914 Harrisons and Crosfield operated under the style Harrisons Ramsay Proprietary, with further branches in Sydney and other places (see Ms 37842-92).
BELGIUM: Office opened in Brussels in 1963 (see Ms 37090).
BORNEO: The company operated through a subsidiary company Harrisons and Crosfield (Borneo) Ltd, registered 1918 in Sandakan (Ms 37541-61). See also records of Sabah Timber Company Ltd (Ms 38103-78).
CANADA: Harrisons and Crosfield operated through offices at Montreal (opened 1905), Toronto (c 1940) and Vancouver (c 1947) (Ms 37199-207), and through a subsidiary company Harrisons and Crosfield (Canada) Ltd (Ms 37562-9). See also the records of Dillons Chemical Co (Ms 37570-1).
CHINA: Office opened in Shanghai in 1908 under the style Westphal, King and Ramsay, and from 1918 as Harrisons, King and Irwin (Ms 37642-52). See also the records of Tait and Co which operated in Taiwan (Ms 38195-204).
HOLLAND: The company operated under the style Harrisons and Crosfield (Holland) N.V., 1951-9 (Ms 37576-80).
HONG KONG: Harrisons and Crosfield operated under the style Harrisons, King and Irwin from 1946 (Ms 37642-52), and from 1963 as Harrisons and Crosfield (Hong Kong) Ltd (Ms 37581-6).
INDIA: Branch office opened in Calcutta in 1900 (under the style Lampard, Clark and Co, Ms 37914-25), and Quilon in 1911, with other offices at Calicut and Cochin (Ms 37208-50). See also the records of Davenport and Co (Ms 37462-8).
INDONESIA: Branches opened in Medan and Batavia (Jakarta) in 1910, with sub-offices at Bandoeng (Bandung) from ca. 1916, and Sourabaya (Surabaya) from c 1921 (Ms 37251-82).
JAPAN: Branch office in Kobe opened in 1917 (Ms 37283). See also the records of Jarmain, Davis and Co (Ms 37900-1).
MALAYA: Office opened in Kuala Lumpur in 1907 under the style Crosfield, Lampard and Co (Ms 37447-55). From 1921 see the records of Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya), which also had branches at Singapore and Penang (Ms 37587-627).
NEW ZEALAND: Wellington branch opened in 1910, and from 1914 Harrisons and Crosfield operated in New Zealand under the style Harrisons Ramsay Proprietary Ltd (Ms 37842-92).
SRI LANKA: Colombo branch opened in 1895 under the style Crosfield, Lampard and Co (Ms 37447-55). See also the records of Harrisons Lister Engineering Ltd (Ms 37653-76) and Harrisons and Eastern Export Ltd (Ms 37635-41). From 1908/9 see also the records of Harrisons and Crosfield's Colombo branch (Ms 37284-309).
SWITZERLAND: Office opened in 1962 in Lausanne (Ms 37090).
TAIWAN: See records of Tait and Co (Ms 38195-204).
UNITED STATES: New York branch opened in 1904 under the style Crosfield, Lampard, Clark and Co (Ms 37456-61), from 1908 as Irwin Harrisons and Crosfield Inc, with branches in Philadelphia, Chicago and other places.
Harrisons and Crosfield also operated through a subsidiary company Harrisons and Crosfield (America) Inc of New York (Ms 37523-9). See also Harrisons and Crosfield (Pacific) Inc (Ms 37530)
Harrisons and Crosfield were appointed as secretaries and/or agents to almost all of the plantation companies in which it had a shareholding. The secretarial function was performed in London and included the provision of full management support to the boards of individual plantation companies and the administration of share registers. The overseas branches of Harrisons and Crosfield (eg Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited) acted as agents.
Offices in Chicago and New York (and Montreal) were opened in 1904 under the style Crosfield, Lampard, Clark and Company (see CLC/B/112/MS37456-61). The company was merged into Harrisons and Crosfield in 1908 and the offices were run as H and C branches. In 1914 the subsidiary company Irwin Harrisons and Whitney Inc (CLC/B/112-089) was formed from the merger of the New York branch and the business of A P Irwin and Company (see CLC/B/112/MS37531-40). Harrisons and Crosfield also operated in the United States through the subsidiary company Harrisons and Crosfield (America) Inc of New York (See CLC/B/112-065; MS37523-30).
This company was registered in 1913 to acquire Kajang estates in Selangor, Malaya. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) replaced Bright and Galbraith as secretaries and agents in 1952, and Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited (CLC/B/112-071) acted as local agents from 1953. Abaco (Selangor) Rubber Limited went into voluntary liquidation in 1953-6.
Allied Sumatra Plantations Limited was registered in 1925 to purchase two Sumatran companies: N.V. Soeka Radja Cultuur Maatschappij and N.V. Rubber Cultuur Mij Si Boelan. In 1960 it was acquired by London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110). In May 1982 it became a private company.
Ankola Tea and Rubber Company Limited was registered in 1911 to acquire estates in Preanger regency in Java. Leaseholds of estate and other assets in Java were vested in N.V. Cultuur Maatschappij Ankola (registered in Java). Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) and The Rubber Plantations Investments Trust held shares in the Company. In 1924 Harrisons and Crosfield purchased the whole of The Rubber Plantations Investments Trust's interest. In 1957 Ankola Tea and Rubber Company went into voluntary liquidation.
For historical notes concerning shareholdings, see CLC/B/112/MS37392.
Auxiliary Investments Limited was registered in 1954 as an investment company. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) acted as secretaries / agents for the company. In 1967/8 it became a wholly owned subsidiary of London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110). For statements of investments 1954-73 see CLC/B/112/MS37069.
This company was registered in 1948 to rehabilitate Japanese "abaca" (manila hemp) estates in Kuhara, North Borneo. Its capital was held by Harrisons and Crosfield Limited and Colonial Development Corporation. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (see CLC/B/112) acted as secretary / managing agents for the sale of rubber and other goods. Mostyn Estates Limited was a subsidiary of Borneo Abaca Limited.
See also CLC/B/112/MS37551.
C Leary and Company Limited was established in 1841 as timber agents selling on behalf of overseas shippers to importers in the UK and Europe. In 1962 Leary's Boxboard Agencies purchased C Leary and Company Limited, and was in turn purchased by Harrisons and Crosfield Securities Limited (CLC/B/112-075).
Charles Lester and Company Limited was registered in 1946 as general traders. Part of the share capital was held by Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112-001). In 1985/6 Charles Lester and Company Limited went into voluntary liquidation.
This company was registered in 1909 in Selangor, Malaya, with estates in Chota, Segambut and Ayer Jerneh. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112-001) replaced Bright and Galbraith as secretaries and agents in 1952. Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited (CLC/B/112-071) acted as local agents from 1953. In 1957 Harrisons and Crosfield sold their stock in Chota Rubber Estates, and ceased to act as secretaries and agents.
This company was registered in 1910 to acquire the Djasinga estate and other assets in Java vested in the Java registered company N.V. Cultuur Mij Jasinga (known from 1959 as P.T. Perusahaan Perkebunan Djasinga), which became a subsidiary company.
In 1931 Djasinga Rubber and Produce Company acquired the Kandang, Sapi, Pasir Mandang and Tjim Aratja estates. It was acquired by London Sumatra Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-110) in 1961, and in April 1982 it became a private company.
East India Tea and Produce Company Limited was registered in 1907 to acquire estates in the Wynaad region of India and to reconstitute Wynaad Tea Company Limited (originally registered in 1894). In 1909 it acquired the nearby Mayfield, Northrook and Touramulla estates. In 1923 East India Tea and Produce Company Limited was acquired by Malayalam Plantations Limited (CLC/B/112-113).
Fine Chemicals of Canada Limited was registered in 1939 as a manufacturer of bulk pharmaceuticals, fertilizers etc. In 1951 Dillons Chemical Company Limited (CLC/B/112-043) invested $100,000 in Fine Chemicals of Canada Limited and became the sole agents of the Company. Fisons Limited took a joint interest with Dillons Chemical Company Limited in 54.9% of the issued capital. In 1960 Dillons Chemical Company Limited sold their shareholding.
In 1957 Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112) and Fisons Pest Control Limited (a subsidiary of Fisons Limited) formed a new company, Fisons (Ceylon) Limited, based in Colombo, Sri Lanka, for the manufacture, handling and importation of fungicides, insecticides, weed-killers, fertilizers and other agricultural chemical products. Harrisons and Fisons Pest Control Limited held an equal number of shares in the Company. In 1959 Fisons Pest Control Limited's shares were transferred to Fisons Limited.
This company was registered in 1910 to acquire Crocodile River (Selangor) Rubber Company Limited, and the Crocodile River, Teluk Datoh, and Branscombe estates in Selangor and Negri Sembilan in Malaya. In 1959 it was acquired by Golden Hope Rubber Estate Limited (CLC/B/112-054).
The Bishop of London was held to exercise responsibility for Anglican churches overseas where no other bishop had been appointed. He retained responsibility for churches in northern and central Europe until 1980, but his jurisdiction in southern Europe ceased in 1842 on the creation of the diocese of Gibraltar. In 1980, the Bishop of London divested himself of all overseas jurisdiction and a new diocese of 'Gibraltar in Europe' was established.
The Anglican church of Saint Bernard was constructed in Wengen, Switzerland, in 1928 to meet the needs of English speaking tourists. It is managed by the Intercontinental Church Society.
The Church Missionary Society began activities in Western China in 1891, establishing an outpost in Chungking [Chongqing] in Szechwan [Sichuan] Province. By 1894 they had expanded to Mienchow, Chungpa, Anhsien, and Sintu. They were supervised by the Bishop of Mid-China, but he found it impossible to supervise a district which was geographically far removed from his own. Therefore a separate Diocese was created, and the Reverend William Wharton Cassels was appointed Bishop in 1895.
The London Diocesan Penitentiary was formed after a gift of money to the Rev George Nugee in 1853, for the establishment of a house for the "reception and reformation of penitent fallen women". The sum involved was inadequate for the purpose and a public appeal for donations and subscriptions was made. A Council was appointed under the presidency of the Bishop of London on 20 March 1854, and an executive committee was formed.
Temporary accommodation was found at Hampton Court and then at Sunbury in 1855, but by the end of that year the lease had been acquired on Park House, Highgate. This property and adjoining land was subsequently purchased for £11,500 in 1861 and a mortgage raised to meet the cost; much of the adjoining land was later leased or sold for building and the money obtained used to assist paying off the mortgage.
The later history of the institution is uncertain, although in 1900 it was taken over by the Clewer sisters (an Anglican female religious community based in Clewer, Berkshire), and, at an unknown date, it became known as the House of Mercy. It was closed in 1940.
Edward Baker, mathematical instrument maker, was born in 1737. He was a freeman of the Merchant Taylor's Company.
George Boddington (1646-1719), Citizen and Clothworker, was a Levant merchant, of Little St. Helen's. He was also Governor of the Greenland Company from 1693, a director of the Bank of England from 1694 and Member of Parliament for Wilton, Wiltshire, 1702.
Thomas Boddington (1678-1755), son of George, was also a Levant merchant, of Leadenhall Street and Camberwell. Thomas Boddington junior was a linen draper of Cheapside. Benjamin Boddington (1698-1779) the son of George Boddington (1646-1719) and brother of Thomas Boddington (1678-1755), was also a Levant merchant, of Love Lane, Aldermanbury, and 17 Mark Lane.
Benjamin Boddington (1730-1791), a West India merchant and a director of the South Sea Company, of 17 Mark Lane and Enfield, Middlesex, was the son of Benjamin Boddington (1698-1779). Samuel Boddington, Citizen and Fishmonger, was a merchant, successively of 17 Mark Lane, 9 St. Helen's Place, and 31 Upper Brook Street, and the son of Benjamin Boddington (1730-1791).
Henry Butterworth senior was a timber merchant in Coventry. Henry Butterworth junior is well known as the founder of a publishing firm at 7 Fleet Street in 1818, later known as Butterworth and Company (Publishers). Shortly after 1836 he moved to Upper Tooting in Surrey. The business was taken over on his death by his second son, Joshua Whitehead Butterworth. In 1895 the firm was sold to Shaw and Sons.
Major Sir William Henry Champness was born in March 1873, the son of William John Champness. He married Elizabeth Butler in 1896 and had one son. Elizabeth died in 1939 and Champness married widow Ethel Harding in 1946. He lived at Knole Way, Sevenoaks, Kent. Champness was a solicitor who was involved in several City of London institutions. He was a Master of the Spectalemakers' Company and the Plumbers' Company; President of the City Livery Club; a governor of Bridewell and Bethlem Hospitals and the City and Guilds Institute; Chairman of various City Corporation Committees; a Sheriff of the City of London, 1937-38; one of the Lieutenants of the City from 1917; and an Alderman's Deputy from 1931. He was knighted in 1938. Champness conducted antiquarian research in his spare time and published histories of the Spectablemakers' Company and Plumbers' Company. He died in October 1956.
Biographical information from 'CHAMPNESS, Major Sir William Henry', Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920-2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U235642, accessed 1 June 2011].
Richard Clark was Alderman for Broad Street Ward 1776-98, Lord Mayor 1784-5 and Chamberlain of London 1798-1831. He died in 1831.