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John Josias Conybeare was born on 13 December 1888, in Oxford, the son of Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, a distinguished Oxford philologist. He was educated first at Rugby School before he went to New College, Oxford. He began by reading classics but subsequently turned to medicine. He was close to qualifying when the First World War broke out. Conybeare left immediately for service in the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, where he was already a member of the Territorial Army. He served in France on the Somme, for which he was awarded the Military Cross. Conybeare returned to England in 1916, when a lack of doctors in the Army caused a recall of senior medical students from service. He returned to Guy's Hospital to finish his medical training and graduated MB BS in 1917 and rejoined the Army, this time in the Royal Army Medical Corps, in Mesopotamia.

At the end of the War he returned to Guy's as Medical Registrar. He held a postgraduate fellowship at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, and was then appointed Warden of the College at Guy's in 1923. In the following year he obtained his Oxford doctorate. In 1925 he was appointed assistant physician and Sub-Dean of the Medical School, and in 1926 was elected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.

In 1929 the first edition of Conybeare's Text-book of Medicine by Various Authors appeared, this proved so popular that a further thirteen editions appeared under his editorship. It was this work, as in all his writing, that his precise thinking, with Latin clarity and brevity of style, made for a terse, readable text which was widely appreciated' (Munk's Roll, vol. VI, p.112). In 1935 he wrote a Manual of Diabetes, which included a supplement for the use of patients, which was also widely valued at the time. Until 1939, Conybeare built up a wide consulting practice and was the Chief Medical Officer of several insurance companies, becoming President of the Assurance Medical Society in 1937. It is said that doctors and their families constantly sought his opinion, which wasthe accolade of the profession' (ibid, p.114). He was at his best at the patient's bedside, teaching medicine to students, where `his shrewd clinical judgement [sic] was rarely at fault' (ibid).

When the Second World War broke out, in 1939, Conybeare was commissioned as Group Captain, having held the post of civilian medical adviser to the Royal Air Force (RAF) in peacetime. He served throughout the War, reaching the rank of Air Vice Marshal and, at the end, was made a Knight of the British Empire (KBE). In 1946 Conybeare returned to Guy's and became Governor.

Conybeare, known as Cony' to his friends, andConny' to his military friends, had many interests. He had a love of music, painting and ecclesiastical architecture. He loved to travel abroad, taking many cruises during the inter-war years, and taking great delight in foreign cuisine. At home he generated a number of social circles, frequently entertaining or dining out, indeed he was a member of many dining clubs. Conybeare played golf with Lord Nuffield, which, it is thought, must have greatly influenced the latter's many benefactions towards medicine, particularly towards Guy's. Even when his health began to diminish in later years he did not modify his lifestyle.

He retired from the active staff of Guy's, as Senior Physician, in 1953 at the age of 65, and was appointed Consulting Physician Emeritus. His associations with the Hospital continued until his death. He died suddenly at his home in St Thomas's Street, near to Guy's, on 6 January 1967 at the age of 78.

Publications:
Textbook of Medicine by Various Authors, John Josias Conybeare (ed.) (Edinburgh, 1929-)
Manual of Diabetes (1935)

John Coode was born in Bodmin, Cornwall in 1816. He was educated locally before being articled to a civil engineer. By the 1840s he had his own successful engineering practice in London and from the 1850s onwards regularly travelled abroad as the designer of or a consultant to large-scale port and harbour works in the British colonies. He was knighted in 1872 for his work on Portland Harbour, Dorset. Coode was also a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Royal Colonial Institute, the Royal Commission on Metropolitan Sewage Discharge, and the International Commission of the Suez Canal.

Born in 1891; educated at Bideford Grammar School; moved to London in 1908, and was employed as a clerk first in the Patent Office and then at Banstead Mental Hospital; volunteered for service and posted to Dover with 3 and 10 Bns, East Surrey Regt, 1914; student, later instructor, School of Musketry, Hythe, 1915; posted to Machine Gun Training School, Grantham, 1915-1916; Machine Gun Corps Base Depot, Camiers, France, 1916-1918; joined 21 Bn, 1918 and took part in Third Army attack across the Ancre, Aug 1918. Donald Cook, his son, was born in 1926.

James Cook was born on 27 October 1728 in the village of Marton in Cleveland, North Riding of Yorkshire; attended Postgate School, Great Ayton; later signing an apprenticeship agreement with John Walker, a highly respected Quaker shipowner, whose ships, based on Whitby, were employed in the North Sea coal trade; in 1755 Cook was offered the command of one of Walker's ships, but instead enlisted in the Royal Navy as an able seaman. In 1757, he passed the examination for master and becoming responsible for the navigation and handling of ships of the Royal Navy. Cook spent most of the Seven Years' War in North American waters and after meeting Major Samuel Holland, took an active interest in hydrographic surveying. During a raid on French settlements in the Gulf of St Lawrence, Cook surveyed the Bay of Gaspé; the chart was published by Mount and Page the following year.

On 19 April 1763, Cook took passage for Newfoundland in Graves's ship the Antelope; on arrival Graves sent Cook to survey the islands of St Pierre and Miquelon which were to be restored to France; over the next four years Cook surveyed the whole of the west and south coasts of the island, returning to England each autumn to draw his charts and refit the schooner. In 1766, with permission from the Admiralty, Cook began publishing his surveys and sailing directions; his surveys were published in 1769 in a folio atlas by Thomas Jeffreys, who republished Cook's sailing directions in the same year in The Newfoundland Pilot. These were incorporated in the famous North American Pilot published by Sayer and Bennett in 1775. Cook returned to England on 15 November 1767 and was appointed by the Royal Society for an expedition to the South Pacific to observe the transit of Venus across the face of the sun, which would enable the distance between the earth and the sun to be calculated. The astronomer Charles Green was appointed by the Royal Society to observe the transit of Venus, with Cook as the second observer. The Endeavour set sail in 1768 and, after calling at Madeira and Rio de Janeiro and rounding Cape Horn, anchored in Matavai Bay on the north coast of Tahiti on 13 April 1769. The east coast of New Zealand was sighted on 6 October and Cook spent the next six months carrying out a running survey of New Zealand's North and South islands; next carrying out a running survey of the unknown east coast of Australia. The voyage was judged a success and Cook was promoted to commander on 29 August 1771.

In spite of the achievements of Cook's first voyage there were vast areas in the Southern Ocean where a great land mass might yet be found and Cook therefore proposed that a search for it should be made by circumnavigating the globe from west to east in a high southern latitude. Cook sailed the Resolution from Plymouth on 13 July 1772 and in 1773 became the first person to cross the Antarctic Circle. On his return to England Cook was promoted to post captain on 9 August 1775 and appointed fourth captain of Greenwich Hospital. In March 1776, Cook was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and at the same time awarded the society's Copley medal for his work on the prevention of scurvy. Cook commanded a further expedition to the Pacific, 1776-1779 in October 1776, the ship anchored in Table Bay, where Cook was joined by the Discovery. On crossing the Indian Ocean, Cook fixed the position of Prince Edward and Marion islands and carried out a running survey of the north coast of Kerguelen, establishing the island's longitude accurately with the aid of K1; later sighting Oahu and Kauai, at the western end of the Hawaiian Islands, 1778. After carrying out a running survey of the easternmost of the Hawaiian Islands, Cook anchored in Kealakekua Bay on the island of Hawaii on 17 January 1779. At first he was well received, however an extended stay was not welcomed, resulting in the theft of the Discovery's cutter. Cook landed with an escort of marines in an attempt to persuade the local chief to return on board where he intended to hold him as a hostage against the return of the cutter. This resulted in an altercation, with Cook and four others being killed. Cook died 14 February 1779.

Born in Marton, Cleveland, 1728; became an apprentice to shipowners in Whitby; became master of his own ship, HMS Northumberland, 1759; the following winter, while laid up in Halifax, studied mathematics and attained a sound knowledge of astronomical navigation; went on to become an eminent circumnavigator and made many geographical discoveries, including establishing knowledge of the Southern Pacific; kept a crew at sea without serious losses from sickness and death, which was unusual at that time; killed by natives of Hawaii, 1779.

From c1750 Masters of HM Ships were required by the Admiralty to keep Remark Books of details of coasts and ports they visited. James Cook followed this practice when serving in HMS Pembroke and HMS Northumberland on the North American Station from 1758 to 1762.

The collection contains material from James Cook's student days at Imperial College, London in the 1920s and 1930s, papers relating to the Ipswich Unemployed Workers' League and other political activities in this period. There are papers relating to Cook's period in the South Place Ethical Society and general correspondence on national and international politics. The collection also contains papers relating to Cook's parliamentary campaigns in Henley-on-Thames in Berkshire and Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey; local political parties in Windsor; his time as Senator at the University of London and his involvement with the University of London Society; his membership of the Labour Party and his work in the General Municipal Workers Union. There is also material relating to Cook's personal life.

The volumes seem to have belonged to Olive Cook, whose name is inscribed on the fly-leaf of each book. Each sermon is signed Jonathan Cook suggesting that he may have prepared the transcriptions.

Sir Albert Ruskin Cook was born, 1870; Graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. B.A, 1893; Graduated from St Bartholomew's Hospital. MB, 1895; Went to Uganda with Church Missionary Society mission, 1896; Established Mengo Hospital, 1897; MD, 1901; A.R. Cook and J.H. Cook were first to diagnose sleeping sickness in East Africa, 1901; President of Uganda Branch, British Medical Association, 1914-1918; Founded school for African medical assistants, 1917; Lady Coryndon Maternity Training School founded, 1921; retired, 1934; President of Uganda Branch, BMA, 1936-1937; Represented Uganda at coronation, 1937; Died in Kampala, Uganda, 1951.

Lady Cook, CMG OBE MD (1863-1938), was matron of Mengo Hospital 1897-1911, was involved in the foundation of the Lady Coryndon Maternity Training School and founded the Nurses Training College in 1931.

No information was available at the time of compilation.

Unknown.

Arthur Cooke was a member of Working Men's College, Great Ormond St, and a trade union official for 30 years. He was an active member of the Society of Lithographic Artists, Designers, Engravers and Process Workers.

Ebenezer Cooke (c 1837-1913) was a drawing master interested in the theory and practice of art education, who expressed his views in conference papers and journal articles. He taught in a variety of establishments, including succeeding John Ruskin at the Working Men's College. Among other activities, he served on the Council of the Society for the Development of the Science of Education (founded in 1875 as the Education Society), and on the Committee of the Third International Congress for the Development of Drawing and Art Teaching, 1908. In 1894 he also published an English edition of Pestalozzi's How Gertrude Teaches Her Children.

John Henry Cooke was born in Weymouth on 29 November 1862, and received his education at St Vincent de Paule Roman Catholic School, Liverpool, and St Mary's Training College of Catholic Teachers, Hammersmith, London. In 1887 he travelled to Malta to take up a post of teacher of English at the Valletta Lyceum. Cooke lived in Malta for seven years, founding an editing the journal 'The Mediterranean Naturalist' after becoming interested in the natural history of the island. He also made significant contributions to the understanding of the geology of Malta, publishing papers on the Tertiary Rocks and Pleistocene deposits of the island, and collecting fossils (which he donated or sold to various European museums).

Cooke was forced to leave Malta in 1894 due to his wife's poor health, but he still produced papers on the geology of Malta on his return to England for the next few years. He became an Inspector in the Science and Art Department of the South Kensington Museum, but when that department closed he was appointed Inspector of Schools in Shropshire and Wolverhampton.

Cooke was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the 3rd (Volunteer) Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment in July 1901, transferring to the 1st (Volunteer) Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry (later 4th Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry) in October the same year. He rose to the rank of Captain.

After his retirement from military service and until his death on 7 December 1933, Cooke continued to investigate and write about the prehistory of his local area.

No information was available at the time of cataloguing.

Sir William Fothergill Cooke was born in Ealing in 1806. He was educated at Durham and Edinburgh Unviersity and then served in the Indian Army 1826-1831. Resumed his studies at Paris and Heidelberg, where he saw Professor Moncke's demonstration of the electric telegraph. He returned to England and began experiments on its application to alarm systems and railway signalling in 1836. His electrical knowledge was, however, lacking and he had almost given up his ideas on the telegraph when he met Charles Wheatstone, who had the necessary scientific knowledge and skill. The two men entered into partnership and took out a joint patent for an alarm system in May 1837. Cooke persuaded the London and Birmingham Railway Company and the Great Western Railway company to sanction experiments along their lines and he and Wheatstone further developed their telegraph, Wheatstone providing the technical expertise and Cooke the business prowess and practical knowledge. The partnership was however, an uneasy one. The issue of priority of invention came to dominate their relationship and was taken to arbitration in 1841 before Sir Marc Isambard Brunel and Professor John Frederic Daniell, who decided that Cooke and Wheatstone were equally and jointly responsible for it. However, the dispute resurfaced in 1845 and in 1846 Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company which bought their joint patents. Cooke was knighted in 1868, and died at Farnham, Surrey on 25 June 1879.

William Cooke was born in Wem, near Shrewsbury, in c 1785. At age 13 he was apprenticed to Mr Gwynne, a general practitioner in Wem. He came to London in 1802 and studied at St Bartholomew's Hospital under John Abernethy. Cooke passed his MRCS Eng in 1806, settling to practice in Plaistow, and later moving to the City of London. He received his MD from St Andrews in 1822. Cooke was a founding member of the Hunterian Society, in 1818. He translated Morgagni's De Sedibus (1761), in 1822, which was re-titled On the Treatment and Causes of Diseases Investigated by Anatomy, Translated, Abridged and Elucidated by Copious Notes. He died in 1873.

Messrs Cooling Lawrence & Sons of 47 Maddox Street, London were civil, naval and military tailors, specialising in uniforms.

The provenance of the slides is unclear, they were found in a damp and dirty 'potting shed' presumably in the late 1990s and subsequently donated to the Society in 2001. At least half of the slides were either taken by Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy or reflect his interests at the turn of the 19th/20th century and additionally include a number by Ethel Partridge who became his first wife in 1902.

Alfred Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich (1890-1954), politician and diplomat, served as War Minister 1935-1937 and First Lord of the Admiralty 1937-1938. He resigned from the latter post in protest at the Munich Agreement. The album in this collection was presented to Duff Cooper in 1938 by a Czechoslovak school, Prof. Drtina Kralov, Girls' Seondary School as a gesture of thanks for his support of Czechoslovakia. After the outbreak of the Second World War he re-entered government, serving as Minister of Information 1940-1941, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1941-1943, representative to the French Committee of National Liberation 1943-1944 and Ambassador to France 1944-1947.

This research explored the effects of changing legal regulation between 1983 and 1992 on relations of power within local government. The methodology of the project involved case studies in four local authorities with in-depth interviews being undertaken with local officials, councillors and other relevant individuals. The project resulted in a book, Governing out of order: space, law and the politics of belonging by Davina Cooper.

Lady Cooper, born Isabella Ball Franks, of a rich Jewish business family, married William Henry Cooper, clerk and baronet (as he is frequently described). She inherited a considerable amount of money from her father Moses Franks and her mother's father Aaron Franks. Her considerable property she inherited from her aunt Priscilla (see Franks family tree), both the estate at Isleworth, and several West Indies Plantations.

On the death of her only son, William Henry, without issue (1835) the estate was settled on her eldest surviving daughter, Lady Mary Anne Honywood, who in her will provided that on her death, or that of her mother, if she should survive her (which she did) the estate should be sold and the proceeds divided among her own children, By Lady Cooper's will, apart from numerous pecuniary legacies, she leaves her estate of Chilton Lodge in Berks/Wilts to Lady Honywood's son William.

The sugar plantation of Dukinfield Hall, Jamaica fell into Franks' hands in payment of a mortgage debt and by 1822 belonged to Priscilla who bequeathed it along with her other property to Isabella, one of the original third part shares having belonged to Isabella's father Moses. There is no record at all of any of the owners ever visiting the plantation. It was left by Lady Cooper's will in trust for Mrs. Dawkins and was eventually sold in 1877. Under its earlier owners it was heavily mortgaged, and soon after it passed to Lady Cooper slavery was abolished, so it is unlikely that the family ever derived any great profit from it.

Born in 1916; commissioned into the army, 1940; 2nd Lt, Royal Army Pay Corps, 1943; Lt, 1945; member of British Mission to Bulgaria, 1944-1947; Capt, 1946; Maj, 1952; Lt Col, 1955; Commandant, Royal Army Pay Corps Training Centre, 1959; Col, 1960; Command Paymaster, Northern Command, 1962; Army Representative on HM Forces Savings Committee, 1965-1966; Brig, 1966; Chief Paymaster, Far East Land Forces, 1966-1969; Chief Paymaster, British Army of the Rhine, 1969-1970; retired, 1971; died in 1985.

Born, Brooke Hall near Norwich, 1768; educated at home; apprenticed to his uncle, William Cooper, surgeon to Guy's Hospital, 1784; soon after transferred to Henry Cline, surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital; Edinburgh Medical School, 1787-1788; Demonstrator of anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital, 1789; joint lecturer with Cline in anatomy and surgery, 1791; lectured on anatomy at the College of Surgeons, 1793-1796; Surgeon, Guy's Hospital, 1800-1825; commenced private practice; Fellow, Royal Society, 1802; made many post-mortem examinations, and often in contact with 'resurrectionists'; a founder and first treasurer, 1805, President, 1819-1820, Medical and Chirurgical Society of London; Professor of Comparative Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons, 1813; performed a small operation on George IV, 1820; baronet, 1820; examiner at the College of Surgeons, 1822; resigned his lectureship at St Thomas's, 1825; instigator of the founding of a separate medical school at Guy's Hospital, 1825; Consulting Surgeon, Guy's Hospital; President, College of Surgeons, 1827, 1836; Sergeant-Surgeon to King William IV, 1828; Vice-President, Royal Society, 1830; died, 1841.
Publications include: The Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Inguinal and Congenital Hernia (Crural and Umbilical Hernia) (printed for T Cox; sold by Messrs Johnson, etc, London, 1804); A Treatise on Dislocations, and on Fractures of the Joints (Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown; E Cox & Son, London, 1822); The Lectures of Sir Astley Cooper, Bart., F.R.S. ... on the Principles and Practice of Surgery: with additional notes and cases, by Frederick Tyrrell 3 volumes (Thomas & George Underwood, London, 1824-1827); Illustrations of the Diseases of the Breast ... In two parts (Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green: London, 1829; Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Surgery Second edition (F C Westley, London, 1830); Observations on the Structure and Diseases of the Testis (Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green; Highley & Underwood, London, 1830); The Anatomy of the Thymus Gland (Longman, Rees, Orme, Green & Brown, London, 1832).

Sir Astley Paston Cooper was born in Brooke Hall, Norfolk, in 1768. He was educated at home. He was articled to his uncle, William Cooper, senior surgeon at Guy's Hospital in London, in 1784. He lived in the house of Henry Cline, surgeon at nearby St Thomas's Hospital, whom he became apprenticed to instead. He became Cline's anatomy demonstrator in 1789, and he shared the lectures on anatomy and surgery with Cline, in 1791. He attended lectures by Desault and Chopart in Paris, in 1792. Cooper taught at St Thomas's and worked in dissections and lectured in anatomy and surgery, during the 1790s. A compilation of notes based on his lectures was published in 1820 titled Outlines of Lectures on Surgery, which went through many editions. From 1793 until 1796 Cooper was also lecturer in anatomy at the Company of Surgeons (after 1800 the Royal College of Surgeons). In 1800 his uncle, William Cooper, resigned as surgeon to Guy's Hospital and Cooper was elected to the post. He was elected professor of comparative anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1813-1815. He became a member of the court of examiners of the college in 1822, and he served as president twice, in 1827 and 1836. He was also a vice-president of the Royal Society, to whose fellowship he had been elected in 1802, and won the society's Copley medal. He was a member of the Physical Society at Guy's. the Medico-Chirurgical Society, and the Pow-Wow, a medical dining club started by John Hunter. He was created a baronet in 1821. He died in 1840.

Alexander Henry Bartlett was born in Ipswich in 1800. He became a student at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals, where he was dresser to Sir Astley Cooper in 1822-1823. After qualifying he settled in Ipswich, where he was first elected to the Dispensary. He was appointed Surgeon to the Gaol in 1825. He had an important share in the establishment of the East Suffolk Hospital, and headed the poll at the election of surgeons in 1836. He served on the active staff of the Hospital for forty years and then became Consulting Surgeon. He died in 1887.

Sir Astley Paston Cooper was born in Brooke Hall, Norfolk, in 1768. He was educated at home. He was articled to his uncle, William Cooper, senior surgeon at Guy's Hospital in London, in 1784. He lived in the house of Henry Cline, surgeon at nearby St Thomas's Hospital, whom he became apprenticed to instead. He became Cline's anatomy demonstrator in 1789, and he shared the lectures on anatomy and surgery with Cline, in 1791. He attended lectures by Desault and Chopart in Paris, in 1792. Cooper taught at St Thomas's and worked in dissections and lectured in anatomy and surgery, during the 1790s. A compilation of notes based on his lectures was published in 1820 titled Outlines of Lectures on Surgery, which went through many editions.

From 1793 until 1796 Cooper was also lecturer in anatomy at the Company of Surgeons (after 1800 the Royal College of Surgeons). In 1800 his uncle, William Cooper, resigned as surgeon to Guy's Hospital and Cooper was elected to the post. He was elected Professor of Comparative Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1813-1815. He became a member of the court of examiners of the College in 1822, and he served as President twice, in 1827 and 1836. He was also a Vice-President of the Royal Society, to whose fellowship he had been elected in 1802, and won the Society's Copley medal. He was a member of the Physical Society at Guy's. the Medico-Chirurgical Society, and the Pow-Wow, a medical dining club started by John Hunter.

He was created a baronet in 1821. He died in 1840.

Benjamin Travers was born in Cheapside, London, in 1783. He was educated at the grammar school in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, and then privately. He was a pupil of Astley Cooper from 1800-1806. During this time he gave occasional demonstrations and set up a weekly clinical society. He took his diploma and became MRCS in 1806. He was appointed demonstrator of anatomy at Guy's Hospital, and was appointed surgeon to the East India Company's warehouses and brigade in 1809. He was elected surgeon to St Thomas' Hospital in 1815, as well as the London Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye (now Moorfields Eye Hospital), where he succeeded Astley Cooper, and remained until 1816. He resigned his joint lectureship with Astley Cooper in 1819. He began to lecture again in 1834, with Frederick Tyrell at St Thomas' Hospital. He was appointed surgeon to Queen Victoria in 1837 and to Prince Albert in 1840. He was elected FRCS in 1813; Member of Council, 1839-1858; Examiner in surgery, 1841-1858; Chairman of the Board of Midwifery Examiners, 1855; Vice-President, 1845, 1846, 1854 and 1855; President, 1847 and 1856; and he was Huntarian Orator in 1838. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1813. He was elected president of the Hunterian Society in 1827, as well as President of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. He died in 1858.

Born, 1922; educated at Manchester Grammar School and Pembroke College, Oxford; Pilot, Royal Air Force, 1941-1946; Assistant Principal, Air Ministry, 1948; Private Secretary to Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Air, 1949-1951; Private Secretary to Permanent Under Secretary of State for Air, 1951-1953; Private Secretary to Chief of Air Staff, 1953-1955; Assistant Secretary, Head of the Air Staff, Secretariat, 1955-1960; Head of Cyprus Secretariat, including negotiations in Cyprus and responsibility for setting up Sovereign Base Area Administration in Cyprus, 1960-61; awarded CMG, 1961; Director of Accounts, Air Ministry, 1961-1962; Assistant Under Secretary of State, Air Ministry, 1962-1964; Assistant Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1964-1968; Deputy Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1968-1970; awarded CB, 1970; Deputy Secretary, Civil Service Department, 1970-1973; Permanent Under Secretary of State, Northern Ireland Office, 1973-1976; created KCB, 1974; Honorary Fellow, Pembroke College, Oxford, 1976; Permanent Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence, 1976-1982; appointed GCB, 1979; Member of Council, King's College London, 1981-1989; Honorary Consultant, Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, from 1982; Governor, Cranbrook School, 1982-1992; Director, Westland Helicopters, 1982-1985; Privy Councillor, 1983; Chairman, Delegacy, King's College Medical and Dental School, 1983-1989; Director, Babcock International Group, 1983-1990; Director, Morgan Crucible, 1983-1994; Member of Council, Imperial College, London, 1983-1996; Director, N M Rothschild and Sons, 1983-1996; published Communications in crisis management (Council for Arms Control, London, 1985); Chairman, United Scientific Holdings, 1985-1989; Chairman, Institute of Contemporary British History, 1986-1992; Chairman, High Integrity Systems Limited, 1986-1995; Fellow of King's College London, 1987; Chairman of Trustees, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London, 1987-2002; Fellow of Imperial College London, 1988; Chairman of Council, Imperial College, London, 1988-1996; Member, Advisory Council on Public Records, 1989-1992. For further biographical information see the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Thomas Cooper was born in Leicester in 1805. He educated himself in languages, literature history and theology. He became a schoolteacher, preacher and journalist, and espoused radical Chartism whilst living and working in Leicester in the early 1840s. After serving 2 years in prison following Chartist riots in Staffordshire, he supported himself by writing prose and poetry. From 1856 onwards he was a travelling religious lecturer. He died in 1892.

William White Cooper was born in Holt, Wiltshire, in 1816. He studied at St Bartholomew's Hospital from 1834, and became a private pupil of surgeon Edward Stanley. Cooper took notes of Sir Richard Owen's lectures on comparative anatomy given at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, in 1838-1839. Owen was impressed and awarded Cooper a prize. The notes were later published as Lectures in the Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Invertebrate Animals (1843). Cooper received the MRCS in 1838, and the FRCS in 1845. He was one of the original staff of the North London Eye Institution. Subsequently he became Ophthalmic Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital Paddington. He was appointed Surgeon-Oculist in Ordinary to Queen Victoria in 1859. He died in 1886, before his imminent knighthood.

While Coopers was primarily a veterinary and agricultural products company, it was not entirely so. During the 1950s and 1960s, Coopers became the first firm in Britain to produce aerosols on a large scale, and this fact is mentioned many times in their advertising for such products. They also branched out, for a time, into the production and/or sale of domestic household goods such as cleaners, toilet rolls and hair care products. Not all of these were actually sold under the Coopers name, and some were manufactured by subsidiaries rather than by Coopers themselves.

Cooper, Sir Astley Paston, first baronet (1768-1841), surgeon, was born on 23 August 1768 at Brooke Hall, Norfolk. Cooper spent his early education learning at home. After an accident in which his foster brother died, and his witnessing of a operation for the stone by Mr Donnee (surgeon to the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital), he became interested in surgery. Cooper's maternal grandfather had been a prosperous surgeon in Norwich, and his uncle William Cooper was senior surgeon at Guy's Hospital in London. In August 1784, Cooper was articled to his uncle, arrangements being made for him to reside in the house of Henry Cline, surgeon at nearby St Thomas's Hospital. He then became apprenticed to Cline instead. Cooper became ill with fever in 1787, interrupting his studies. He spent time convalescing in Great Yarmouth and Edinburgh. He returned to London in 1788 and resumed his studies with Cline, becoming Cline's anatomy demonstrator in 1789. In 1791 he shared the lectures on anatomy and surgery with Cline. Also in 1791, Cooper became engaged to Anne Cock, whom he married in December of that year. The Cooper's resided at first at a house in Jefferies Square which his father-in-law had purchased before his death just before the wedding. In June 1792, the Cooper's went on a tour of Paris, where Sir Astley Cooper attended lectures and operations of the surgeons Desault and Chopart. They returned to London in September, just two months before the birth of their only child, Anna Maria, who died in March 1794. They subsequently adopted a daughter, Sarah, who was the same age as their dead child, and a son, Astley, who was a nephew of Cooper's. In the 1790s Cooper taught at St Thomas's and worked in dissections and lectured in anatomy and surgery. Cooper's lectures became more practical, usually based on his own cases and experiences. A compilation of notes based on his lectures was published in 1820 titled Outlines of Lectures on Surgery, which went through many editions. From 1793 until 1796 Cooper was also lecturer in anatomy at the Company of Surgeons (after 1800 the Royal College of Surgeons). In 1800 his uncle, William Cooper, resigned as surgeon to Guy's Hospital and Cooper was elected to the post. Cooper had a successful practice, often attracting wealthy and influential patients such as Lord Liverpool, the Duke of York, the Duke of Wellington, and the Prince of Wales. (who as George IV created him a baronet in 1821). Cooper was also an excellent operator. He was interested in the surgical treatment of arterial aneurysms and used animals to investigate different methods of surgical treatment. Cooper was elected professor of comparative anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1813-1815. He became a member of the court of examiners of the college in 1822, and he served as president twice, in 1827 and 1836. He was also a vice-president of the Royal Society, to whose fellowship he had been elected in 1802, and won the society's Copley medal. He was a member of the Physical Society at Guy's. the Medico-Chirurgical Society, and the Pow-Wow, a medical dining club started by John Hunter. His publications included a monograph on hernias (published in two parts between 1804 and 1807); treatises on fractures and dislocations (1822; sixth edition, 1829), the diseases of the breast (1829) and testis (1830), and the anatomy of the thymus gland (1832) and the breast (1840). His publications usually had high-quality illustrations drawn by a number of artists he employed. Cooper began to have dizzy spells during the 1820s and after the death of his wife in 1827 he retired from his London activities, to an estate at Gadesbridge, near Hemel Hempstead. He married Catherine Jones in 1828 and began to practice again in London, and also travelled on the continent. In 1840, Cooper's health became worse, and he died in Conduit Street on 12 February 1841. He had requested a post-mortem examination to be conducted. [Sources: Edited from the entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004, by W. F. Bynum]

The Co-ordinating Council for Area Studies Associations (CCASA) was founded in 1980 to lobby for area studies in the face of government cuts in higher education. It represents the interests of scholars and researchers working specifically on regional cultures and languages. Members include the African Studies Association of the UK; Association of South East Asian Studies in the UK; British Association for American Studies; British Association for Canadian Studies; British Association for Chinese Studies; British Association for Japanese Studies; British Association for South Asian Studies; British Association for Slavonic and East European Studies; British Society for Middle Eastern Studies; Society for Caribbean Studies; Society for Latin American Studies; Standing Conference of Directors of Institutions and Centres of Latin American Studies; Standing Committee on University Studies of Africa, and the School of Oriental and African Studies. The CCASA looks at issues such as government strategy for funding allocation in the social sciences, represented through bodies such as the Economic and Social Research Council. It was in part as a result of the pressure from CCASA that more money was provided for Oriental and African languages following a report published in 1988. More specifically in recent years, the CCASA has approached the government with requests for the modification of policy towards the British Library, and for the increase in financial support for students on study tours in Japan.

Anna Coote is a leading analyst, writer and advocate in the field of social policy. She was Deputy Editor of the New Statesman from 1978-1982, Editor and Producer of current affairs television for Diverse Productions from 1982-1986 and Senior Research Fellow and Deputy Director of ippr (Institute for Public Policy Research) from 1989-1998. From 1998-2004 she was Director of Health Policy at the King's Fund and led the Healthcare Commission's work on engaging patients and the public in 2005-2008. Most recently she has carried out work on health and sustainable development as Commissioner for Health with the UK Sustainable Development Commission from 2000-2009.
Anna has written widely on social policy, sustainable development, public health policy, public involvement and democratic dialogue, gender and equality.

Born in 1893; educated at Eton College and Royal Military College, Woolwich; commissioned into Royal Field Artillery, 1914; wounded at Gallipoli, 1915; transferred to Royal Flying Corps, 1916; posted to No 56 Sqn, 1917; served in France with BEF, 1917; joined No 61 Sqn and participated in air defence of London, 1918; Flight Cdr, No 37 Sqn, 1918; posted to Middle East, 1920; temporary ADC to Sir Winston Churchill, 1921; ADC to Governor General of Australia, 1924-1926; joined and later commanded No 19 Sqn, 1927; retired in 1928; recalled in 1939 and served World War Two in North Africa, Middle East and Italy; Sqn Ldr, 1943; retired, 1946; died in 1981.

John Patrick Cope, the son of C F J Cope, was born on Mooi River, Natal, South Africa, on 17 Mar 1906. He was educated at St Andrews College, Grahamstown and in 1924 joined the Rand Daily Mail as a reporter. In 1930 he joined the Natal Mercury as their parliamentary and political correspondent, and became friendly with Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr, and other prominent political figures.
In 1935 he went to Abyssinia and discovered the Italian Plot to annex the country. In 1937 he went to China to cover the Sino-Japanese war for three South African papers. In 1937 he joined his former editor, R J Kingston Russell in his venture to found a political weekly Forum. On Russell's retirement through ill health he assumed the editorship, which he retained for 14 years under the chairmanship of Hofmeyr.
In 1951 Forum closed, and Cope rejoined the Rand Daily Mail as editorial assistant. He entered politics and was returned for Parktown in 1953 and 1958 as a United Party MP. In 1958 he was one of a group of UP members who broke away to form the Progressive Party, but he lost his seat after a smear campaign in the 1961 election.
Cope married Margaret Nancy Rouillard in 1939 and they have 3 children.

Joseph Cope (d 1839), physician.

Sir Zachary Cope obtained his M.D. in London in 1907, and was elected FRCS Eng in 1909. He served with the RAMC in Mesopotamia 1916-1918, and was consulting surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. Among other works he wrote a History of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, published in 1959.

Vincent Zachary Cope was born in Kingston-upon-Hull on 14 February 1881, the son of Thomas John Gilbert Cope, a Methodist minister. He was educated at Westminster City School, where he was head boy, before going to London University where he graduated BA in 1899. He entered St Mary's Hospital Medical School with a scholarship to study medicine. In 1905 he graduated MB BS with honours in surgery and forensic medicine, and proceeded MD in 1907. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1909.

Cope took the post of demonstrator of anatomy at St Mary's Medical School, before becoming surgeon at the hospital in 1911. It is said that 'his reputation as a clinical teacher at the bedside brought a large attendance at his rounds' (The Lancet, 1975, p.115). In 1912 he also became surgeon to the Bolingbroke Hospital.

During the First World War, 1914-18, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), as a Captain and temporary Major, and was attached to the 3rd London General Hospital. He saw active service in the Middle East, 1916-19, and was mentioned in dispatches in 1918. His Surgical Aspect of Dysentery (1921) was based on his experiences in Mesopotamia. However his major contribution to medical literature was his Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen (1922). This was arguably one of the 'most successful books in surgery' (ibid). It was translated into 5 languages and reached its 14th edition in 1972.

He was Hunterian professor of the Royal College of Surgeons four times, between 1916 and 1927, and delivered their Arris and Gale lecture, in 1922, as well as most of their other lectures. He became a member of the Board of Examiners of the College, and was also an examiner in surgery to London, Birmingham, and Manchester universities. Cope became a member of the Council of the British Medical Association (BMA), 1938-45, and later became vice-president. He was prominent in the Marylebone Division of the BMA.

During the Second World War he was a Sector Officer of the Emergency Medical Service. In 1939 he published Some Principles of Minor Surgery. It was also during the War that he became a member of the Medical Planning Commission of the BMA, and in 1940 a member of the Council of the Royal College of Surgeons, and later vice-president. Between 1940 and 1943 he was Chairman of the Marylebone Division of the BMA. From 1943-45 he was engaged on a regional hospital survey of South West England. Cope retired from the Bolingbroke Hospital in 1946, although he remained consulting surgeon.

In the postwar years he was a successful chairman of a number of influential inquiries and committees. His committee work was extensive and amongst the subjects he worked on were medical education, proprietary medicines, the British Pharmacopoeia, physical medicine, and medical war relief. Cope became a member of the General Practice Review Committee of the BMA, when it was set up in 1950. In 1951 he took part in an inquiry into the national registration of medical auxiliaries, presiding over eight committees which covered different branches of the auxiliary services. It became known as the Cope Committee.

Cope was made honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1951, having served for many years as honorary librarian. He was also involved with the Medical Society of London and became its president. He edited two clinical volumes of the Official History of the War of 1939-45, on medicine and pathology (1952) and on surgery (1953). Cope was knighted for his public service in 1953, his name appearing in the first New Year's Honours List of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. In 1955 he became Chairman of the National Medical Manpower Committee.

During his retirement Cope was much occupied by the writing of medical history. He remained in the service of St Mary's Hospital throughout his life, becoming consulting surgeon in these years. He published two histories of the medical school at St Mary's, in 1954 and 1955, several biographies of important medical figures including one on Florence Nightingale, in 1958, and an account of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1959. In 1961, for his long and distinguished contribution to the history of medicine, he was made honorary Fellow of the Faculty of the History of Medicine and Pharmacology of the Society of Apothecaries. Four years later he published A History of the Acute Abdomen (1965).

Outside of medicine, Cope was devoted to music and was a keen motoring enthusiast, owning his own car from 1916 onwards. He was twice married. In 1909 he married Agnes Dora Newth. She died in 1922, and in 1923 he married Alice May Watts, who died in 1944. A daughter of his second marriage survived him.

Cope died in Oxford on 28 December 1964 at the age of 93.

Publications:
Surgical Aspect of Dysentery (1921)
Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen (1922)
Actinomycosis (London, 1938)
Some Principles of Minor Surgery (1939)
Pioneers in Acute Abdominal Surgery (London, 1939)
Reports. (Cmd. 8188) [of the Committee on Medical Auxiliaries] (London, 1951) Cope (chairman)
The Versatile Victorian: The Life of Sir Henry Thompson, Bt, 1820-1904 (London, 1951)
Medicine and Pathology (London, 1952) and Surgery (London, 1953) (History of the Second World War. UK Medical Series) Cope (ed.)
William Cheselden, 1688-1752 (Edinburgh, 1953)
The History of St Mary's Hospital Medical School: Or, a Century of Medical Education (London, 1954)
A Hundred Years of Nursing at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington (London, 1955)
Sidelights on the History of Medicine (London, 1957)
Florence Nightingale and the Doctors (London, 1958)
The Royal College of Surgeons of England: A History (London, 1959)
Sir John Tomes: A Pioneer of British Dentistry (London, 1961)
Six Disciples of Florence Nightingale (London, 1961)
Some Famous General Practitioners and Some Other Medical Historical Essays (London, 1961)
A History of the Acute Abdomen (London, 1965)
Almroth Wright: Founder of Modern Vaccine-Therapy (British Men of Science Series) (London, 1966)

During excavations, the remains of a Roman house were found in the crypt of Saint Bride's, alongside the foundations of seven different churches dating from the 6th to the 17th centuries. It appears that the first church was founded by Saint Bridget, an Irish saint of the 6th century. This church was replaced by a Norman building which in turn was rebuilt in the 15th century. After Wynkyn de Worde established the first printing press in Fleet Street, the area attracted many writers who were parishioners of Saint Brides; including de Worde himself, John Dryden, John Milton, Richard Lovelace, and John Evelyn. Samuel Pepys was christened here.

The church was destroyed during the Great Fire of London in 1666, and was replaced by one of Wren's largest and most expensive churches. The famous spire was added in 1701-03. Mr Rich, a pastry cook in Fleet Street, became famous for his wedding cakes modelled on the tiered arcades of the spire. In 1940 the church was badly damaged by bombing (allowing the excavations mentioned above). It was restored to the original designs. The parish was united with Holy Trinity Gough Square.

Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).

No information was available at the time of compilation.

Rhoda Frances Moss Herbert attended Avery Hill College, a London County Council teacher training college for women in Eltham, from 1917 to 1919. On leaving Avery Hill she was employed by London County Council, teaching at Ancona Road Boys' School. She was head teacher at Goresbrook Road Junior School, Barking in the 1920s and head teacher of the village school in Freshfield, Lancashire from 1934 to 1942. She taught at Orpington Secondary School for Girls in Kent from 1942 to 1947 and was Head of Grove County Secondary Girls' School, Gosport from 1947 to 1963.

Coppetts Wood Hospital was an Isolation Hospital in Muswell Hill, North London, built in 1889 by the Hornsey Local Board of Health. It originally took patients from Hornsey alone, suffering from a variety of infectious fevers, but by the 1920s was also treating patients from Finchley and Wood Green. During World War Two it was used as temporary accommodation for St Bartholemew's Hospital, and a few patient case notes survive from this time. After the institution of the National Health Service in 1948 Coppetts Wood became part of the Northern Group of Hospitals, and joined the Royal Free Group in 1968.

In 1955, after being threatened with closure, Coppetts Wood started a programme of modernisation in the wake of traditional fevers becoming increasingly curable, and remained at the forefront of research and cutting edge treatment into infectious diseases throughout its history, eventually gaining renown for its high-security unit used in treating diseases such as rabies and lassa fever.

In 1963, the infectious disease beds at the Lawn Road Branch of the Royal Free Hospital were transferred to Coppetts Wood and the two infectious disease services were amalgamated. Coppetts Wood finally closed in 2000, when all its services except the high-security unit were transferred to the Royal Free. The high-security unit is to be kept open and staffed by Royal Free staff as the need arises.

Dr Alice Mary Copping, born Stratford, New Zealand 1906; was educated at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, graduating with BSc, second class honours in Chemistry, 1925 and graduated as Master of Science,1926; awarded the Sarah Ann Rhodes scholarship from University of New Zealand enabling her to work under J. C. Drummond at University College London for two years, 1927 and awarded a BSc in Biochemistry and Physiology, 1927-1929.

Copping worked as temporary lecturer in nutrition at the School of Home Science, University of Otago, New Zealand, 1931; worked within Division of Nutrition at the Lister Institute of Public Health with Dame Harriett Chick, 1927-1931 continuing to work at the Lister Institute from 1932-1949 and was the editorial assistant of the periodical 'Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews', from 1931. Copping was employed by Queen Elizabeth College from 1949 as a lecturer in the Physiology Department; became a recognised teacher in physiology (nutrition), 1951; senior lecturer in Department of Nutrition, from 1958; granted a DSc for published papers in the field of nutrition; became a Reader in Nutrition, 1964; leaving the college in 1975.

Copping was appointed as a member of Vitamin E Sub Committee of Medical Research Council Accessory Food Factors Committee, 1938 and appointed member of the Vitamin C Sub Committee, 1945; was a consultant on nutrition education for the Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation symposium, 1959 and acted as chairman of programme for the Third International Congress of Dietetics in London, 1961. Copping was particularly interested in vitamins, food consumption patterns in various countries, nutrition programmes, child growth and the history of nutrition, including the Nutrition Society and died in 1996.

The USS POLARIS was originally launched as the AMERICA, it was renamed the USS POLARIS in 1871 when it was loaned to Charles Hall's North Polar Expedition. The expedition was the failed first U.S. expedition to the North Pole. Eighteen of its members, including officer George Tyson, were marooned on an ice floe, where they drifted for six months until rescued by another ship. Capt Charles Francis Hall died, Nov 1871 and foul play has been suspected. The expedition ended when the ship ran aground, was crushed by the ice and abandoned by the remainder of the crew.

Charles Frederick Hall was born 1821; business man in Ohio; mounted a rescue expedition to find the survivors of John Franklin's expedition, 1859 (failed); second expedition with the same purpose (failed), 1865-1869 [on this second expedition it has been suggested that Hall killed one of his crew]; expedition to reach the North Pole on the USS POLARIS, 1871; died on the expedition, 1871.

Martin Corbett was involved with the Gay Liberation Front in the 1970s and became a key GLF administrator and fundraiser. He helped to organises the 1972 Gay Pride march through London and was involved with Outrage! in the 1990s.

As an historian, he published nine principal naval works and three works of fiction (The fall of Asgard, 1886, For God and Gold, 1887 and Cophetua the Thirteenth, 1889.) Between 1898-1914, he edited five historic works for the Navy Records Society. Serving for many years as Vice President of both The Navy Records Society (NRS) and the Society for Nautical Research (SNR), he was also a member of the Editorial Boards of both societies. In addition, he wrote two articles for the Mariner's Mirror between 1913 and 1921. Amongst his other major titles he was an Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, The Director of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence, Lecturer at the Royal Naval War College, Lectured at Oxford, Cambridge and London and was the Official Naval Historian of the Great War.

Born 1854; educated at Marlborough and Trinity College, University of Cambridge; travelled in India, 1877-1878; Barrister (Middle Temple), 1877-1882; travelled in North America, 1879; travelled in French North Africa, 1890; naval historian, 1890-1922; special correspondent to Pall Mall Gazette, Dongola Expedition, Sudan, 1896; Ford Lecturer in English History, Oxford, 1903; Lecturer in History to the Naval War College, Greenwich, London, 1902-1914; awarded Chesney Gold Medal by the Royal United Service Institution, 1914; knighted, 1917; died 1922. Publications: The fall of Asgard. A tale of St Olaf's days (Macmillan, London, 1886); For God and gold (Macmillan, London, 1887); Kophetua the thirteenth (Macmillan, London, 1889); Monk (Macmillan, London, 1889); Sir Francis Drake (Macmillan, London, 1890); A business in great waters (Methuen, London, 1895); Drake and the Tudor Navy. With a history of the rise of England as a maritime power (Longmans, London, 1898); Papers relating to the Navy during the Spanish War, 1585-1587 (Navy Records Society, London, 1898); The successors of Drake (Longmans, London, 1900); England in the Mediterranean. A study of the rise and influence of British power within the Straits, 1603-1713 (Longmans, London, 1904); Fighting instructions, 1530-1816 (Navy Records Society, London, 1905); England in the Seven Years' War. A study in combined strategy (Longmans, London, 1907); Signals and instructions, 1776-1794 (Navy Record Society, London, 1908); A note on the drawings in the possession of the Earl of Dartmouth illustrating the Battle of Sole Bay, May 28, 1672, and the Battle of the Texel, August 11, 1673 (Navy Records Society, London, 1908); The campaign of Trafalgar (Longmans, London, 1910); Some principles of maritime strategy (Longmans, London, 1911); The spectre of navalism (Darling and Son, London, 1915); The League of Peace and a free sea (Doran, New York, 1917); The League of Nations and freedom of the seas (Oxford University Press, London, 1918); Official History of the Great War: Naval operations (Longmans, London, 1920-1931).

Joseph Corbetta and his brother Charles, jewellers, appear in the London 1851 census, at which time they were aged 43 and 40 respectively.