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In 1952 the University of London Union and the University of London Athletic Union became one body under the title University of London Union. Three years later the first stage of the Union building was opened in Malet Street. The Union Building is open to all members of the Union and contains a restaurant, bar, sports facilities, an Assembly Hall and rooms for Union members.

The Union provides for social, cultural, intellectual and recreational student activity on a University and intercollegiate basis, supplementing the facilities of the College Unions. The Union also represents the views of students to University authorities and to outside bodies and elects student members of various University committees. The Union also publishes it own newspaper. Originally called the Sennet, the name was changed to London Student in 1980.

In 1923 a movement was started to acquire a University Athletic Ground and University Boat House. An Appeal was issued, to which the then Chancellor, Lord Rosebery, gave £5000. With the subscriptions received in response to this Appeal, supplemented by grants from general university funds, a site was bought for the Athletic Ground at Motspur Park and for the Boat House at Chiswick. The athletic Ground was opened in 1931 and the Boat House was opened by the then Chancellor, the Earl of Athlone, on 21 October 1937.

Students, who are elected annually by the student body from all colleges, schools and institutes of the University of London, administer the University of London Union. In 1988 the student officers of the Union were, the President, Vice President (Finance and Administration), Vice President (Services), Chairperson General Union Council, and a President, Chairperson and junior Treasurer for both the Sports Council and Societies Council. Senior Treasures of the Union and administrative staff also serve the Union.

The first Vice-Chancellor was Sir John William Lubbock who served between 1836 and 1842. The duties of the Vice-Chancellor have been altered by successive changes to the constitution of the University of London. According to Statutes 11 to 14 created by the University of London Act 1978 the Vice-Chancellor is chosen from among the members of the university. The Senate appoints the Vice-Chancellor after it has consulted with and obtained concurrence of the Court. The term of service is not less than two years and not more than four.

The Vice-Chancellor is the academic and administrative head of the University and is a member of the Court, Senate, and all the Standing Committees of the Senate and of Convocation. In the absence of the Chancellor the Vice-Chancellor presides at all meetings of the Senate. The Vice-Chancellor is permitted to take action on behalf of the University in any matter that he deems to be urgent or non-contentious. The Vice-Chancellor can also delegate any of his duties and powers to the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, the Chairmen of Standing Committees of the Senate and to any member of the Senate. The Vice-Chancellor may also delegate any of his administrative duties and powers to the Principal.

The post of Principal was created by the Statutes of the University of London Act 1900. The first Principal of the University of London was Sir Arthur Rücker who served between 1901 and 1908.

The Principal's functions and duties have been altered by successive changes to the constitution of the University of London. Statute 19 created by the University of London Act 1978 define the Principal as the 'senior administrative officer of the University and responsible to the Vice-Chancellor for organising and conducting the financial and administrative business of the University in accordance with the decisions of the Court and the Senate.' The Principle was appointed by the Senate and is a member of the Senate and of every Standing Committee of the Senate. He also processes the right to attend and speak at meetings of the Court and its committees.

Imperial College was established in 1907 by Royal Charter, by the merger of Royal School of Mines, the Royal College of Science and the City and Guilds College. All three institutions retained their separate identities after their incorporation. The Great Exhibition of 1851 was an important factor in the development of South Kensington as a centre for Science and the Arts, and consequently the establishment there of Imperial College. The Exhibitions' large profits funded the purchase of some of the land the College now stands on. Prince Albert was a keen supporter of the idea, as were Lyon Playfair and Henry Cole, Secretaries of the Department of Science and Art. The three worked closely to achieve the realisation of the scheme, and the opening of the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1857 and the Natural History Museum in 1881 partly realised their ambitions.

The Royal College of Chemistry was the first constituent college of Imperial College to be established, in 1845. It was the result of a private enterprise to found a college to aid industry, and opened with the first Professor, August von Hofmann, and 26 students. The College was incorporated with the Royal School of Mines in 1853, effectively becoming its department of Chemistry.

The Royal School of Mines was established in 1851, as the Government School of Mines and Science Applied to the Arts. The School developed from the Museum of Economic Geology, a collection of minerals, maps and mining equipment made by Sir Henry De la Beche, and opened in 1841. The Museum also provided some student places for the study of mineralogy and metallurgy. Sir Henry was also the director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. The Museum of Practical Geology and the Government School of Mines Applied to the Arts opened in a purpose designed building in Jermyn Street in 1851. The officers of the Geological Survey became the lecturers and professors of the School of Mines. The name was changed in 1863 to the Royal School of Mines.

The Royal College of Science was formed in 1881 by merging some courses of the Royal School of Mines with the teaching of other science subjects at South Kensington. It was originally named the Normal School of Science (the title was based on the Ecole Normale in Paris), but in 1890 was renamed the Royal College of Science. Thomas Henry Huxley was Dean from 1881 to 1895, and had been a prominent figure in the establishment of the College in South Kensington.

The City and Guilds College was originally known as the Central Institution of the City and Guilds of London Institute. The Institute has its origins in a meeting of the livery companies in 1877, which led to the foundation of the City and Guilds Institute for the Advancement of Technical Education, to improve the training of craftsmen. One of the Institute's objectives was to create a Central Institution in London. As they were unable to find a site for the Institution, Finsbury Technical College was established in 1878 in Cowper Street. The College closed in 1926. The Central Institution opened in 1884, in a purpose designed building in South Kensington. It became known as the City and Guilds College after its incorporation into Imperial College in 1907.

Lord Haldane was a key figure in the establishment of Imperial College, together with Lord Rosebery and Sidney and Beatrice Webb. Haldane continued Prince Albert's project to use the land owned by the Commissioners of the 1851 Exhibition in South Kensington to develop a centre for science and engineering. A Committee was appointed by the London County Council, and recommended the establishement of Imperial College. The support of generous benefactors, notably Sir Julius Wernher, and Sir Alfred and Otto Beit was instrumental in the development of the new College.

The remodelling of the College site from the 1950s has seen the City and Guilds building demolished in 1962, and the Imperial Institute building in 1963. The Collcutt Tower of the Imperial Institute (now Queen's Tower) was saved and became free-standing in 1968. New buildings were erected and residential student accommodation improved. The College established a residential field station in 1938 at Hurworth near Slough, and in 1947 at Silwood Park near Ascot, which remains today.

St Mary's Hospital Medical School and the National Heart and Lung Institute merged with Imperial College in 1988 and 1995 respectively.The Imperial College School of Medicine was formed in 1997 from the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, with the existing schools at the St Mary's and Royal Brompton campuses. As a result of the mergers, the College received a new Charter in 1998.In 2000 Wye College and the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology merged with the College. The Kennedy Institute became a Division of the School of Medicine and Wye College is now known as Imperial College at Wye.

The Department of Science and Art was set up by the Board of Trade in 1853 to develop science education. It later became the Board of Education, the Ministry of Education, and the Department of Education and Science.

The Imperial College Development Association was involved with the movement for an Imperial College degree.

Since its establishment at South Kensington, London, in 1907, Imperial College has fostered links with neighbouring institutions. The Great Exhibition of 1851 provided considerable impetus for the formation of educational establishments in South Kensington. Profits from the Exhibition provided the money to purchase the land to develop the area as a centre for Science and the Arts. The institutions established in South Kensington as a result of the scheme include the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1857, the Central Institution (later the City and Guilds College), which opened in 1884, the Royal College of Art, opened in 1864, Royal College of Music, Royal Geographical Society, Science Museum and Natural History Museum, which opened to the public in 1881, as well as Imperial College itself.

Born, 1847; educated at Rugby, Christchurch College Oxford; Steward and senior student at Christchurch; Senior Bursar and Honorary Fellow of Balliol College Oxford; Vice-president, Committee of Council on Education, 1892-1895; MP for Rotherham, Yorkshire, 1885-1899; member of the Governing Body, Imperial College, 1907-1925; Chairman, Executive Committee, Imperial College; died, 1926.

Publications: include: A Handbook in Outline of the Political History of England ... chronologically arranged with Cyril Ransome (Rivingtons, London, 1882 [1881]); The Education of Citizens. Being the substance of lectures delivered ... to ... Co-operative Societies ... Decr 1882 and January 1883 (Central Co-operative Board, Manchester, [1883]); Working Men Co-operators ... An account of the Artisans Cooperative Movement in Great Britain, with information how to promote it Benjamin Jones (Cassell & Co, London, 1884); A Guide to the Choice of Books editor (E Stanford, London, 1891); Studies in Secondary Education edited with Sir Hubert Llewellyn Smith (Percival & Co, London, 1892); The patriotic poetry of William Wordsworth. A selection, with introduction and notes (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1915).

Born Lewisham, London, 1848; educated at the Royal College of Chemistry, 1865-1867, University of Leipzig, 1867-1870; lecturer, St Batholomew's Hospital, 1870; Professor of Chemistry, London Institution, 1870; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1876; Professor of Chemistry at the Cowper Street Schools (later Finsbury Technical College), 1879; Professor of Chemistry, Central Technical College (later the City and Guilds College), 1884-1913; President of the Chemical Society, 1893-1895; Davy medal of the Royal Society, 1911; Professor Emeritus, Imperial College, 1913; died, 1937.
Publications: include Essays on the Art and Principles of Chemistry, including the first Messel Memorial Lecture (Ernest Benn, London, 1927); Introduction to the Study of Organic Chemistry, etc Second edition (Longmans & Co, London, 1874); The Teaching of Scientific Method, and other papers on education Second edition (Macmillan & Co, London, 1903).

Henry Edward Armstrong: Born Lewisham, London, 1848; educated at the Royal College of Chemistry, 1865-1867, University of Leipzig, 1867-1870; lecturer, St Batholomew's Hospital, 1870; Professor of Chemistry, London Institution, 1870; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1876; Professor of Chemistry at the Cowper Street Schools (later Finsbury Technical College), 1879; Professor of Chemistry, Central Technical College (later the City and Guilds College), 1884-1913; President of the Chemical Society, 1893-1895; Davy medal of the Royal Society, 1911; Professor Emeritus, Imperial College, 1913; died, 1937.
Publications: include: Essays on the Art and Principles of Chemistry, including the first Messel Memorial Lecture (Ernest Benn, London, 1927); Introduction to the Study of Organic Chemistry Second edition (Longmans & Co, London, 1874); The Teaching of Scientific Method, and other papers on education Second edition (Macmillan & Co, London, 1903).

Edward Frankland Armstrong: born Lewisham, London, 1878; educated St Dunstan's College, Royal College of Science, 1895; studied Chemistry at the Central Institution (later City and Guilds College), 1896-1898; student at the Universities of Kiel and Berlin, 1898; awarded PhD, University of Kiel, 1901; Salter's Research Fellow, Central Institution, 1902-1903; Chief Chemist, Huntley and Palmer, 1905; Technical Adviser, later Director, Crosfields, 1914; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1920; President of the Society of Chemical Industry, 1922-1924; Managing Director, British Dyestuffs Corporation, 1925-1928; consultant, 1928; President of the Association of British Chemical Manufacturers, 1935; Scientific Adviser to the Ministries of Home Security and Works, 1939-1945; died, 1945.
Publications: The Simple Carbohydrates and the Glucosides Second edition (Longmans & Co, London, 1910); Chemistry in the Twentieth Century (Ernest Benn, London, 1924); Raw Materials from the Sea with Laurence Mackenzie Miall (Constructive Publications, Leicester, [1946]).

Henry Edward Armstrong: Born Lewisham, London, 1848; educated at the Royal College of Chemistry, 1865-1867, University of Leipzig, 1867-1870; lecturer, St Batholomew's Hospital, 1870; Professor of Chemistry, London Institution, 1870; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1876; Professor of Chemistry at the Cowper Street Schools (later Finsbury Technical College), 1879; Professor of Chemistry, Central Technical College (later the City and Guilds College), 1884-1913; President of the Chemical Society, 1893-1895; Davy medal of the Royal Society, 1911; Professor Emeritus, Imperial College, 1913; died, 1937.
Publications: include: Essays on the Art and Principles of Chemistry, including the first Messel Memorial Lecture (Ernest Benn, London, 1927); Introduction to the Study of Organic Chemistry Second edition (Longmans & Co, London, 1874); The Teaching of Scientific Method, and other papers on education Second edition (Macmillan & Co, London, 1903).

Edward Frankland Armstrong: born Lewisham, London, 1878; educated St Dunstan's College, Royal College of Science, 1895; studied Chemistry at the Central Institution (later City and Guilds College), 1896-1898; student at the Universities of Kiel and Berlin, 1898; awarded PhD, University of Kiel, 1901; Salter's Research Fellow, Central Institution, 1902-1903; Chief Chemist, Huntley and Palmer, 1905; Technical Adviser, later Director, Crosfields, 1914; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1920; President of the Society of Chemical Industry, 1922-1924; Managing Director, British Dyestuffs Corporation, 1925-1928; consultant, 1928; President of the Association of British Chemical Manufacturers, 1935; Scientific Adviser to the Ministries of Home Security and Works, 1939-1945; died, 1945.
Publications: The Simple Carbohydrates and the Glucosides Second edition (Longmans & Co, London, 1910); Chemistry in the Twentieth Century (Ernest Benn, London, 1924); Raw Materials from the Sea with Laurence Mackenzie Miall (Constructive Publications, Leicester, [1946]).

Born, 1928; educated at University College School, Imperial College; Research Fellow, Stamford University, California, 1952-1954; Queen Mary College, London, 1954-1955; Research Engineer, Standard Telecommunication Laboratories Ltd, 1955-1963; Senior Lecturer, 1963-1965, Reader, 1965-1967, Professor, 1967-1985, Pender Professor and Head of Department, 1980-1985, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London; Rector, Imperial College, 1985-1993; Faraday medal, Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1980; Royal medal, Royal Society, 1986; Director, BT, 1987-1993; President, Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1987-1988; Chairman, BBC Science Advisory Committee, 1987-; Trustee, Science Museum, 1987-; Secretary, 1984-1988, Vice-Chairman and Chairman of Council, 1995-, Royal Institution.

Publications: include: Towards the 21st century a prospectus for UK universities (London, CVCP, 1991); Sir Frederick Sykes and the air revolution, 1912-1918 (London, Frank Cass, 1999); papers on physical electronics in scientific journals.

Born, 1853; educated at Eton, Trinity College, Cambridge; member of Commission on Labour; Private Secretary to A J Balfour, 1885-1886; MP for Central Leeds, 1885-1906; Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1895-1900; President of Board of Trade, 1900-1905; President of Local Government Board, 1905-1906; member of the Governing Body, Imperial College, 1907-1914; Chairman, Commission on Lighthouse Administration, 1908; Chairman of Cambridge Committee, Commission on Oxford and Cambridge Universities; Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; died, 1945.

Born, 1874; educated at St Paul's School; studied botany at Magdalen College, Oxford, graduating, 1896; called to the bar, 1898; studied zoology at Oxford, 1899; Assistant Naturalist, Marine Biological Association's Laboratory, Plymouth, 1900; Director of the Sutton Broad Laboratory, Norfolk, 1902; Naturalist to Ulster Fishery and Biology Department, Northern Ireland; Assistant in Biology at Queen's College, Belfast, 1906; Lecturer in Botany at Queen's University, Belfast; Lecturer in Entomology, University of Cambridge, 1913; served with the Royal Army Medical Corps, 1915-[1916]; Lecturer in Zoology (Entomology), University of Cambridge, 1917; Professor of Entomology, Imperial College, 1925-1930; President, Royal Microscopical Society, 1934-1935; Vice-President, Royal Entomological Society, 1934-1935; President, Zoological Section of the Royal Association, 1935; President, Association of British Zoologists, 1935; President, Society for British Entomology, 1939; died, 1967.
Publications: include: Keys to the Orders of Insects; Concerning the Habits of Insects; Textbook of Practical Entomology (1932).

Born in Germany, 1865; Director, British South Africa Company; Director, Rhodesia Railways Ltd; Member, Governing Body of Imperial College, 1912-1930; Trustee of the Rhodes Trust, and Beit Railway Trust for Rhodesia; founded Beit Memorial Trust for Medical Research; established the Beit Fellowship at Imperial College in memory of his brother Alfred, 1913; created 1st Baronet, 1924; died, 1930.

Born, Stockton-on Tees, 1871; educated at the Friends School, Ackworth, Middlesborough High School, Stockton Grammar School, Leys School, Cambridge; read chemistry at Victoria University, Manchester, graduating, 1891; studied at the University of Heidelberg under Professor Victor Meyer; Head of the Chemical Department, Battersea Polytechnic, 1896; Lecturer in Chemistry and Metallurgy, Owen's College, Manchester, 1898-1905; Professor of Applied Chemistry, first Livesey Professor of Coal Gas and Fuel Industries, Leeds University, 1905-1912; Professor and Head of Department, Department of Chemical Technology, Imperial College, 1912-1936; inventor of the Bonecourt system of surface combustion and radiophragm-beating; President, Section B (Chemistry) of the British Association, 1915; Chairman, British Association Committee on Fuel Economy, 1915-1922; consultant, Government Fuel Research Board, 1917-1918; Chaiman, Federation of British Industries Fuel Economy Technical Sub-Committee, 1920; Chairman of the Blast Furnace Reactions Research Sub-Committee of the British Iron and Steel Federation, 1933; Davy medallist, Royal Society, 1936; died, 1938.

Publications: include: Coal and its Scientific Uses (Longmans & Co, London, 1918); Flame and Combustion in Gases with Donald Thomas Alfred Townend (Longmans & Co, London, 1927); Gaseous Combustion at High Pressures: being mainly an account of the researches carried out in the high pressure gas research laboratories of the Imperial College of Science & Technology with Dudley M Newitt, Donald T A Townend (Longmans & Co, London, 1929); Coal: its constitution and uses with Godfrey Wilfred Himus (Longmans & Co, London, 1936).

Born, Devon, 1850; educated at Cambridge University; Fellow of Queen's College Cambridge; assistant engineer, Mersey Docks and Harbour Works; Professor of Civil Engineering and Applied Mathematics, 1897, Dean of Applied Science, 1898, McGill University, Canada; Vice-President, 1896-1897, President, 1900, Canadian Society Civil Engineers; Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, President of Section III, 1896; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1902; Rector, Imperial College, 1908-1910; died, 1912.

Publications: include: Theory of Structures and Strength of Materials (J Wiley & Sons, New York, 1893); Results of Experiments on the Strength of White Pine, Red Pine, Hemlock and Spruce reprinted from the Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers (Montreal, 1898); A New Extensometer reprinted from the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada (Montreal, 1902); On the Stresses developed in Beams loaded transversely reprinted from the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada (Montreal, 1902); A Treatise on Hydraulics second edition (J Wiley & Sons, New York, 1908).

Born, 1861; educated at Christ Church, Oxford; called to Bar, Inner Temple, 1884; Liberal MP for Cambridge, 1906-1910, Keighley, Yorkshire, 1911-1914; Counsel to the University of Oxford, 1911-1913; knighted, 1913; member of the Council of the Duchy of Lancaster; Solicitor-General, 1913; Director of the Press Bureau, 1914-1915; created 1st Baron Cheddington, 1915; Lord Chancellor, 1915-1916; member of the Interallied Conference in Finance and Supplies; Chairman, Governing Body of Imperial College, 1923-1934; Chairman, Political Honours Review Commitee, 1924, 1929; created 1st Viscount Buckmaster, 1933; died, 1934.

Born, Croydon, 1874; educated at the Whitgift Grammar School, City and Guilds College, London; Salter's Research Fellow, 1894-1898; Chief Manufacturing Chemist to Burroughs, Wellcome and Co, 1898-1914; Director and Chief Chemist, Boots Pure Drug Co, 1914-1919; CBE, 1920; Fellow of Imperial College; Chairman, British Drug Houses, Limited; President, Society of Chemical Industry and Association of British Chemical Manufacturers; died, 1969.

Publications: include: The Alkaloids of Ergot with George Barger (1907, [1910]); Organic Medicinal Chemicals, synthetic and natural with Marmaduke Barrowcliff (Baillière & Co, London, 1921); Post-Graduate Training in Industrial Chemistry An address ... reprinted from the Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry (Lamley & Co, London, 1921).

Born, St Albans, 1914; student with General Electric Company Research Laboratories, 1932-1936; at the same time studied at Northampton Polytechnic, London, BSc, 1936, MSc, 1940; research staff of General Electric Company, 1936-1945; attached to the Radar Research Establishment, Malvern, 1939-1945; Lecturer, Manchester University, 1945; Lecturer, Imperial College, 1947; Reader in Telecommunication, Imperial College; Professor of Telecommunication, Imperial College, 1958; Marconi International Fellowship, 1978; died, 1979.

Publications:On Human Communication (MIT Press, Wiley, 1957); World Communication: Threat or Promise (Wiley, 1971); The Age of Access: Information Technology and Social Revolution (completed by Dr W E Edmondson); numerous scientific papers on theory of electric circuits, telecommunication principles and the psychology of speech and hearing.

Born, London, 1858; educated at Harrow, Trinity College Cambridge; Assistant Private Secretary to Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 1883-1884; 2nd Baron Houghton of Great Houghton, Yorkshire, 1885; Lord-in-Waiting to the Queen, 1886; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1892-1895; created Earl of Crewe, 1895; Lord President of the Council, 1905-1908, 1915-1916; Chaiman, Governing Body of Imperial College, 1907-1922; knighted, 1908; Lord Privy Seal, 1908, 1912-1915; Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1908-1910; Secretary of State for India, 1910-1915; created 1st Marquess of Crewe, Earl of Madeley, 1911; HM Lieutenant, County of London, 1912-1944; President, Board of Education, 1916; Chairman, London County Council, 1917; H M Ambassador in Paris, 1922-1928; Secretary of State for War, 1931; Chancellor, Sheffield University; died, 1945.
Publications: include: Lord Rosebery (John Murray, London, 1931).

Born, 1892; studied at the Royal School of Mines (Imperial College), 1910-1914; staff, from 1923, Reader in Metallurgy, 1937, Professor of Metallurgy, 1945-1957, Royal School of Mines; died, 1961.

Born in Treorchy in the Rhodda Valley on 7 July 1924. In July 1925 his father died and Davies moved with his mother and twin sister to Portsmouth to live with his maternal grandmother and aunt. In 1941, on the completion of his school education at the Portsmouth Boys Southern Secondary School, he took up a `Royal' Scholarship at Imperial College London where he studies physics. In 1943 he graduated with first-class honours and was directed to work at Birmingham University as a research assistant in the Tube Alloys Project (the British contribution to the development of nuclear weapons) under R.E. Peierls and later A.H. Wilson. Davies's main work was concerned with the stability and control problems for the gaseous diffusion plant. In 1944 he continued to work for the Tube Alloys Project at ICI, Billingham, on Teeside and in 1945 at the close of the project he returned to Birmingham to work in the Physics Department under M.L.E. Oliphant. The overlap between the courses at Imperial College allowed Davies to complete the requirements for a mathematics degree in a year and he resumed the scholarship for that purpose, graduating with first class honours in 1947.

The National Physics Laboratory was setting up a group to build a stored program computer under the direction of A.M. Turing and Davies joined this group and began working on the logic design and later the building of the ACE Computer. When the Pilot ACE was built, Davies became a user, working on a variety of simulations, including the behaviour of road junctions controlled by traffic lights. In 1954 Davies was awarded a Harkness Fellowship to study in the USA. He came to view his choice of MIT as an error because all the interesting computer work was classified. The period at MIT was interrupted by a special mission for the United Nations, investigating a request from the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta for funds to buy equipment from the USSR. Subsequently he was involved for a number of years on two new projects. One was the development of the cryotron, a superconducting device with potential for the large-scale integration of logic and storage. However, efforts in this area foundered on engineering problems of many kinds. The other was the translation by computer from Russia to English. Davies concluded that although `we were not able to set up a serviced based on this work ... it is noteworthy that our real experience ... was very different from the accepted public view of machine translation.

In the early 1960s time-sharing whereby a large computer gave an online service to a number of users was very much the coming thing. In 1965 Davies proposed, in a privately circulated paper, the principle for a data communication network which he subsequently named 'packet switching'. In March of the following year he lectured to a large audience, advocating the use of techniques in a public switched data network.

In 1966 Davies was appointed Superintendent of the Division of Computer Science where the programme of research included data communication systems, information systems, pattern recognition and man-computer interaction. The data communication proposals for specialised networks using packet switching were widely publicised in 1967 and greatly influenced the early development of ARPA Network. Davies successfully promoted packet switching for public networks at the CCITT (International Consultative Committee for Telephones and Telegraphs) and elsewhere. In 1973 he published (with D.L.A. Barber) Communication Networks for Computers and in 1979 (with Barber, W.L. Price and C.M. Solomonides) Computer Networks and their Protocols.

In 1975 Davies received the John Player Award of the British Computer Society for his work in packet switching and shared the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Internet Award for 2000 for work on packet switching.

In 1978 Davies was given the status of an 'individual merit' appointment at the NPL enabling him to relinquish administrative responsibilities, and he led a small research team concerned with security of data in networks. The team developed the application of cryptographic methods to the practical work of network security, especially the use of asymmetric (public key) cryptography. Consulting work under contract to financial institutions and others provided the practical experience. After Davies retired from NPL in 1984, he provided consultancy to financial institutions on high value payment systems and advised suppliers and users of secure systems of many kinds, for example mobile telephony and direct broadcast satellite television. In 1984 he published (with W.L. Price) Security for computer networks: an introduction to data security in teleprocessing and electronic funds transfer. Davies also pursued his interest in cryptography as a hobby with research on Second World War cipher machines and published an number of articles on the topic.

Davies was appointed CBE in 1983 and elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1987. In 1955 Davies married Diane Burton which whom he had three children. He died on 28 May 2000.

Born, 1890; educated at Plymouth Science, Art and Technical Schools, Imperial College; member of the British government eclipse expeditions, 1927, 1932; Lowell Lecturer, Boston, USA, 1936; Professor of Natural Philosophy, Imperial College, 1938; Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, University College London, 1946-1955; President of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1951-1953; Professor Emeritus of History and Philosophy of Science, 1955; died, 1978.
Publications: include: Modern Astrophysics (W Collins Sons & Co, London, [1924]); Through Science to Philosophy (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1937); The Special Theory of Relativity (Methuen & Co, London, 1940); Physics for Aeronautical Students 2 vol (Thomas Nelson & Sons, London, [1942]); A Hundred Years of Spectroscopy (Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1951); The Scientific Adventure. Essays in the history and philosophy of science (Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, London, 1952); Science at the crossroads (London, Martin Brian & O' Keeffe, 1972).

Born, 1886; educated at Eton, University College London; Reader in Thermodynamics, Oxford University, 1921-1936; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1923; Professor of Chemical Technology, Imperial College, 1936-1952; Secretary, Royal Society, 1938-1948; Knighted, 1943; Rumford medal of the Royal Society, 1946; Chairman of Scientific Advisory Council to Minister of Fuel and Power, 1948-1953; Director, Salters Institute of Industrial Chemistry, 1949-1959; Emeritus Professor of Chemical Technology, University of London, 1953-1959; Chairman, Commonwealth Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, India, 1954; died, 1959.

Publications: The 1939 Callendar Steam Tables with G S Callendar (E Arnold & Co, London, 1939); editor of Fuel; lectures and papers largely relating to combustion and utilization of energy.

Born, 1897; studied at the Royal College of Science (Imperial College), 1914-1916; Demonstrator, 1919, Reader in Physical Chemistry, 1937, Acting Secretary, Royal College of Science (Imperial College), 1940-1944; Acting Secretary, Royal Institute of Chemistry, 1944-[1963]; Fellow of Imperial College, 1949; OBE, 1962; Special Assistant, Imperial College, 1964-[1970]; died, 1975.

Publications: include: The Principles of Applied Electrochemistry second edition revised and enlarged by the author Arthur John Allmand and H J T Ellingham (E Arnold & Co, London, 1924).

Born 22 April 1917, educated at Deacon's School Peterborough; studied physics at St Catherine's College, Cambridge, began Ph.D at Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge studies halted to joined wartime Air Defence Research and Development Establishment at Christchurch, Hampshire, later Malvern, Worcestershire. During this period he worked on radar systems, developing an interest in pulse-type electronic techniques. Projects included the use of delay lines to cancel out interference of stationary `clutter' in radar signals, to distinguish a moving target, and subsequently the use of binary digital transducers in electro-mechanical servo systems.

After a period with Powell Duffryn Research Laboratories, 1946-1947, as Chief Physicist Elliott joined Elliott Brothers research Laboratories as Head of the Computing Division. In his curriculum vitae he listed the achievements of this period as shaft-encoding systems, computer-controlled gunnery (axis conversion, data reduction, prediction), analogue and digital computing systems, storage in magnetostriction delay lines in the 401' computer. The401' prototype was built with the support of the National Research Development Corporation. Completed in April 1953 it was exhibited the same month at the Physical Society Exhibition. It gave many years of good service at the Rothamstead Experimental Station and is now housed in the Science Museum London.

In 1953 Elliott moved to Ferranti Ltd. Here the listed achievements are the initiation of the Digital Systems Department (control systems on naval vessels) and the `Pegasus' Computer. Interest in the original Pegasus computer in 1956 led to IBM making him an offer to set up and run a new research laboratory in Britain, Hursley Park, Winchester. For this period Elliott's curriculum vitae highlighted: participation in establishing research missions for European laboratories, collaboration with Nordic Laboratory n process control in paper and other industries, collaboration with parent US division on control projects and specification of 1720 control computer, introduction to IBM of microprogram control (used in 360 computers) and the provision of special computer instrumentation for Latina nuclear power station.

After his experience with three companies in the computer industry he returned to academia. He was appointed 1962 - 1965 in the Cambridge University Mathematical Laboratory as Co-ordinator of the Titan (Atlas 2) Project. This was a joint project with Ferranti Ltd and was based in part on work at Manchester on the Atlas computer. Its object was to provide a computer service for the university, and under Elliot's guidance was brought in on schedule and within a tight budget. In January 1966 he was appointed Assistant Director of Research in the Cambridge University Engineering Department and the Mathematical Laboratory. In October 1966 he moved to Imperial College London as Professor of Computing. Here he promoted CAD work and became principal investigator of two Science Research Council grants and a Ministry of Technology contract, using common equipment for CAD work. Computer courses were an important part of Elliott's work in London, for example, a course for computer design to M.Sc. Control students at Imperial and a course on CAD and graphics as part of the London University B.Sc. (Eng) and M.Sc. in Computing Science The move to Imperial did not end Elliott's Cambridge connexions and for the period 1972 - 1975 he was seconded part time as Visitor to Control Group, Cambridge University Engineering Department, to assist with their research. From the early 1970s Elliott, with a number of colleagues as Graphical Software Ltd, was increasing involved in consultancy work, for example, detailed software development and overall systems design of interactive graphic facilities for CAD in real-world use.

In recognition of his distinction in computer engineering he was elected to the Fellowship of Engineering (Royal Academy of Engineering) in 1979. He was also a Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineering, of the Institute of Physics and of the British Computer Society. He died on 3 May 2003.

Born, 1913; educated at Westmount High School; Queen's University, Canada; metallurgist with Canadian goldmining companies, 1936-1941; Royal Canadian Air Force navigator, 1941-1946, Flight Lieutenant, 1943; Lecturer, 1946-1951, Senior Lecturer, 1951-1958, Reader, 1958-1961, Professor of Mineral Technology, 1961, Head of Department of Mining and Mineral Technology, 1967-1974, Royal School of Mines (Imperial College); Dean, 1968-1971, Pro-Rector, 1974-1979, Imperial College; Head of Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, 1979-1980, Royal School of Mines (Imperial College); mineral processing consultant to governments, mining companies, 1946-; Chairman, Mineral Processing Committee, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Ministry of Technology, 1959-1966; Chairman, Advisory Panel, British Coal Utilization Research Association, 1961-1966; member, Committee on Overseas Geology and Mining, 1962-1963; Chairman, Advisory Panel, British Coal Utilization Research Association, 1961-1966; member, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Council, 1962-1983, Vice-President, 1968-1971, President, 1971-1972; British representative, Scientific Committee, International Mineral Processing Congress, 1963-1982, Chairman, 1973-1975; Honorary Associate, Royal School of Mines, 1966; Governor, Imperial College, 1968-1980; member, Council of Mining and Metallurgy Institutions, 1969-, Vice-Chairman, 1971-1976, Chairman, 1976-; Court of Governors, Camborne School of Mines, 1971-1982; member, Committee on Mineral Planning Control, Department of the Environment, 1972-1975; Chemicals and Minerals Requirements Board, Department of Industry, 1972-1975; Council of Mining and Metallurgy Institutions, 1969-, Vice-Chairman, 1971-1976, Chairman, 1976-; Professor Emeritus, 1980; Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Gold Medal, 1981; Fellow of Imperial College, 1982; died, 1982.

Publications: include: Mineral Technology-Progress and Problems (London, [1962]) [Imperial College of Science and Technology Inaugural Lecture]; Identification of Mineral Grains with Meurig Powell Ones (Elsevier Publishing Co, Amsterdam, 1965).

Born Blackburn, Lancashire, 1924; educated at Bishop Gore Grammar School, Swansea; read physics and electronics at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; joined the Anglo-Canadian Atomic Energy Project in Canada, at the University of Montreal, 1944, and Chalk River, Ontario, 1945; joined the Nuclear Physics Division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, 1946; working on the measurement of the thermal cross-section of tritium and devising a method of measuring the photodisintegration of the deuteron; transferred to the Theoretical Physics Division at Harwell, 1948, undertaking work on nuclear reactions; conducted research at the Department of Mathematical Physics, University of Birmingham, 1950-1952, working largely on problems of nuclear structure relating to the nuclear shell model, in collaboration with AR Edmonds; awarded a DSc by the University of Birmingham, 1953; Head of the Theoretical Physics Division at Harwell, 1952; Chief Research Scientist, 1958; Professor of Theoretical Physics, University of Manchester, 1958; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1961; Langworthy Professor of Physics and Head of Department, 1961-1972; member of the Advisory Council on Scientific Policy, 1962-1964, and Council for Scientific Policy, 1965-1967; Chairman of the Computer Board for Universities and Research Councils, 1966-1970; knighted, 1969; Chairman of the Science Research Council (SRC), 1967-1975, ensuring United Kingdom participation in the 300 GeV project at CERN and the SRC's establishment and development of the Engineering Board; Rector of Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, 1973-1985; President of the Institute of Physics, 1972-1974, and the European Science Foundation, 1974-1980; Chairman of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 1973-1976, and the Standing Commission on Energy and the Environment, 1978-1981; life peer (Baron Flowers of Queen's Gate in the City of Westminster), 1979; founder member of the Social Democratic Party, 1981; front bench spokesman on issues relating to science, education, energy and the environment until 1989; Chairman of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals, 1983-1985; Vice-Chancellor of the University of London, 1985-1990; Chairman of the Nuffield Foundation, 1987-1998; Chairman of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, 1989-1993; President of the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee, 1993-1997; Chancellor of the University of Manchester, 1994.

Publications: On the Fast Neutron Cross Sections, etc, (Harwell, 1949); Properties of Matter, (Wiley, Chichester,1970), with Eric Mendoza; An Introduction to Numerical Methods in C++, 1995; various articles for scientific periodicals.

Born, Glasgow, 1858; educated at Liverpool College; Trinity College Cambridge; Fellow of Trinity College, 1881-1910; Professor of Mathematics, University College, Liverpool, 1882-1883; Lecturer and Assistant Tutor, Trinity College Cambridge; Lecturer in Mathematics, Cambridge University 1884-1895; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1886; member of the Council, Senate of Cambridge University, 1890-1910; member of the Council, Royal Society, 1893-1895; Sadlerian Professor of Pure Mathematics, Cambridge, 1895-1910; Royal Medallist, 1897; President, Section A of the British Association (Toronto), 1897, (South Africa), 1905; President of the Mathematical Association, 1903-1904, 1936; member, Treasury Committee on the Scottish Universities, 1909; Professor of Mathematics, Imperial College, 1913-1923; Emeritus Professor, Imperial College; died, 1942.

Publications: include: A treatise on differential equations (Macmillan & Co, London, Cambridge printed, 1885); Theory of Differential Equations 6 vol (University Press, Cambridge, 1890-1906); Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable (University Press, Cambridge, 1893); Lectures on the Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces (University Press, Cambridge, 1912); Calculus of Variations (University Press, Cambridge, 1927); Geometry of Four Dimensions 2 vol (University Press, Cambridge, 1930); Intrinsic Geometry of Ideal Space 2 vol (Macmillan & Co, London, 1935).

Born Harold Munro Fuchs in Clapham, London, 1889; educated at Brighton College; read the Natural Sciences Tripos, specialising in zoology, at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1908-1911; worked at the Plymouth Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1911-1912, and the Stazione Zoologica, Naples, 1912; Lecturer in Zoology, Royal College of Science, (Imperial College), London, 1913; changed name to Fox, 1914; enlisted in the Army Service Corps and served in the Balkans, Egypt, Salonika and Palestine, 1914-1918; Lecturer at the Government School of Medicine, Cairo, 1919-1923; Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1920-1928; Balfour Student, Cambridge University, 1924-1927; lead an expedition to study the fauna of the Suez Canal, 1924-1925; Professor of Zoology, University of Birmingham, 1927-1941; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1937; Professor of Zoology, Bedford College, London, 1941-1954; Fullerian Professor of Physiology, Royal Institution, 1953-1956; Emeritus Professor, Bedford College, London, Research Associate, Queen Mary College, London, 1955-1967; awarded the Darwin Medal 1966; research ranged over many aspects of zoology, but was especially concerned with marine invertebrates and ostracod crustacea; died, 1967.
Publications: Blue Blood in Animals, and other essays in biology (G Routledge & Sons, London, 1928); Selene, or Sex and the Moon (Kegan Paul & Co, London, 1928); Biology. An introduction to the study of life (University Press, Cambridge, 1932); Elementary Science Harold Webb and Mildred Annie Grigg [with the assistance of Fox] (University Press, Cambridge, 1935,1936); Plants & Animals. The biology sections from Elementary Science by Harold Webb and Mildred Annie Grigg, edited by Fox (University Press, Cambridge, 1937); The Personality of Animals (Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, New York, 1940); The Nature of Animal Colours ... Illustrated by colour photographs (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1960).

Born, Singapore, 1893; student, Royal School of Mines (Imperial College), 1910-1914; joined Royal Engineers, 1914; joined the Colonial Mines Service in Africa, 1925; Chief Inspector of Mines, Tanganyika; Chief Inspector of Mines, Nigeria, 1939; member, Legislative Council, Nigeria; CBE; retired, 1947; died, 1986.

Born, 1900, Hungary; studied mechanical engineering at Joseph Technical High School, Budapest, 1918-1921, and Electrical Engineering Department, Technische Hochschule, Berlin, 1921-1924; awarded Diplom-Arbeit, 1924; awarded PhD, 1927; Research associate, German Research Association for High Voltage Plants, 1926-1927; Research engineer, Siemens and Halske AG, Berlin-Siemensstadt, 1927-1933; Research engineer, British Thomson Houston Company, Rugby, 1934-1948; Reader in Electron Physics, Imperial College, 1948-1958; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1956; Professor of Applied Electron Physics, Imperial College, 1958-1967; Senior Research Fellow, Imperial College, 1967-1976; Professor Emeritus, Imperial College, 1967-1979; Staff Scientist, CBS Laboratories, Stamford, Connecticut, USA, 1967-1979; CBE, 1970; Nobel prize in Physics, 1971; inventor of holography; died, 1979.

Publications: Electron Optics ... A lecture (Reprinted from "Electronic Engineering.") [1943]; The Electron Microscope (Electronic Engineering, London, 1948, second edition); Electronic Inventions and their Impact on Civilization (Inaugural lecture as Professor of Applied Electronic Physics) Imperial College of Science and Technology (London, 1959); Inventing the Future (Secker & Warburg, London, 1963); The Mature Society (London, Secker and Warburg, 1972); The proper priorities of science and technology (Southampton, University of Southampton, 1972); scientific papers on electrical transients, gas discharges, electron dynamics, communication theory and physical optics.

Born, London, 1893; educated at Dame Alice Owen's School; Royal College of Science (Imperial College), 1912-1915; conducted research at Institute of Plant Physiology; Horticultural Research Station, Cheshunt; Rothamsted Experimental Station; member of staff, Imperial College, 1932; Professor of Plant Physiology, Imperial College, 1937-1958; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1940; Royal medal of the Royal Society, 1957; Emeritus Professor, 1959-1961; died, 1961.

Publications: scientific papers in botanical journals.

Born, 1865; educated at Mason College, Birmingham; University of Bonn; studied natural science, Trinity College Cambridge; Frank Smart Student of Botany, Gonville and Caius College, 1888-1889; Professor of Botany and Arboriculture, Imperial College, Wampoa, China, 1889-1892; Mandarin of the White Button, 1892; joined Exeter College Oxford, 1892-1898; Lecturer in Plant Physiology, Edinburgh University, 1898; head of the Biological Departments, Royal Indian Engineering College, Coopers Hill, 1899-1905, and University College Reading; Lecturer in Botany, Northern Polytechnic Institute, Holloway, 1907-1908; Assistant Professor of Botany, Imperial College, 1908-1911; Professor of the Technology of Woods and Fibres, Imperial College, 1911-1931; elected Fellow of the Royal Society; died, 1931.

Publications: include: Elementary Botany (G Bell & Sons, London, 1898); Trees and their Life Histories ... Illustrated from photographs by Henry Irving (Cassell & Co, London, 1907); Bell's Science Series 7 vol editor with George Minchin (George Bell & Sons, London, 1900-1909).

Born in Andover, Hampshire, 1926; educated at the Dragon School, Oxford, 1935-1940, and Marlborough College, 1940-1944; served in the Royal Navy; read mathematics at Jesus College, Cambridge, 1947-1951; joined the Fisheries Laboratory at Lowestoft, working on the population dynamics of fishes, 1951; adviser to the International Whaling Commission, 1964-1986; worked at the Fisheries Department of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation in Rome, Italy, as Chief of the Stock Assessment Branch, 1966-1974, and Chief of the Marine Resources Service, 1974-1984; Senior Research Fellow in Environmental Technology at Imperial College, London, 1984-1990; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1984; served on the Canadian Royal Commission on Seals and Sealing, 1984-1986, which assessed the impact of the annual seal cull on seal populations; died, 1990.
Publications: Estimation of Growth and Mortality in Commercial Fish Populations (London, 1955); On the Fishing Effort in English Demersal Fisheries (London, 1956); Fishing and the Stocks of Fish at Iceland (London, 1961); Contributions to Symposium 1963 on the Measurement of Abundance of Fish Stocks Editor (Copenhague, 1964); The management of marine fisheries (Scientechnica, Bristol, 1974).

Born 1903; educated at Imperial College, 1920-1923; Beit Fellow, Imperial College,1923; Lecturer in Zoology, Imperial College, 1926-1937, Reader, 1937-1964 and Professor of Zoology, 1964-1970, Imperial College, London; active in government service during the Second World War; Chief Rodent Officer, Ministry of Food, 1941-1945; Chairman, Advisory Committee, Infestation Control Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1965-1974; Chairman, Farm Animals Welfare Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1967-1974; Secretary-General of the International Congress of Zoology, 1959; died, 1974.
Publications: Practical Zoology. Instructions for dissection and preparation of elementary types of animals (Hutchinson, London, [1935]); XVth International Congress of Zoology, London 16-23 July 1958. Proceedings, edited jointly with N D Riley [London, 1958]; Grey Seals (Sunday Times, [London, 1962]).

Born Manchester, 1905; educated at the Alleyn's School, Dulwich, 1910-1919; engineering apprentice with Robey & Son, Lincoln, 1920-1925; Whitworth scholarship for undergraduate studies, City and Guilds College, Imperial College, London, 1925-1928; Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Regent Street Polytechnic, 1931-1936; Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, 1936; promoted to Reader, 1940; adviser to the governments of Egypt and Malta on solar energy; Principal of Woolwich Polytechnic, 1957-1967; on retirement continued his research at Loughborough University of Technology, as Professor; principal research interests were particle characterisation and solar energy; died, 1971.

Publications: Report on the utilization of solar energy ([Valletta], 1957)

Born, Gospel Oak, London, 1868; educated at Finsbury Technical College, Mechanical Engineering Department, Central Institution (later City and Guilds College), 1885; Associateship of the City and Guilds Institute, 1887; Manager of the Engine and Electrical Department at the Newton Heath Iron Works, Heenan and Froude Ltd, 1888; Manager of the Birmingham branch of Heenan and Froude, 1889; Manager of the Refined Bicarbonate and Crystal Department, Messrs Brunner Mond and Company, Northwich, Cheshire, 1891; Fellow of the City and Guilds Institute, 1893; started practice as a consulting engineer, 1901; patented the 'Humphrey Pump', 1906; worked for the Admiralty, 1914; elected member of the Royal Institution, 1914; Technical Adviser, Department of Explosive Supplies, Ministry of Munitions, 1915; Technical Adviser and Chief Engineer, Munitions Inventions Department, Ministry of Munitions, 1917; Director and Consulting Engineer to Synthetic Ammonia and Nitrates Limited, 1919; Consulting Engineer to Imperial Chemical Industries, 1926-1931; Fellow of Imperial College, 1932; Melchett medal of the Institute of Fuel, 1939; died, South Africa, 1951.
Publications: Papers on large gas engines, gas producers and similar subjects.

Student, Royal School of Mines, 1885-1889; worked in Mexico, [1895]; mining engineer in Peru, 1896-1903; returned to Britain, 1903.

Born, Ealing, London, 1825; studied medicine; Assistant Surgeon, surveying ship HMS RATTLESNAKE around Australia, 1846-1850; Lecturer in Natural History, School of Mines, 1854; Naturalist to the Geological Survey, 1854; Hunterian professor, Royal College of Surgeons, 1863-1869; Fullerian professor, Royal Institution, 1863-1867; Professor of Biology and Dean, Normal School of Science (later Royal College of Chemistry), 1881-1895; Dean, Royal School of Mines, 1881-1895; Honorary Professor of Biology, 1885-1895; foremost advocate in England of Darwin's theory of evolution; died, 1895.
Publications: include: On the educational value of the natural history sciences (London, 1854); The Oceanic Hydrozoa; a description of the Calycophoridae and Physophoridae observed during the voyage of HMS "Rattlesnake" in the years 1846-50 (London, 1859); Lectures on the Elements of Comparative Anatomy vol 1 (London, 1864); A catalogue of the collection of Fossils in the Museum of Practical Geology, with an explanatory introduction with Robert Etheridge (London, 1865); Lessons in Elementary Physiology (London, 1866); An Introduction to the Classification of Animals (London, 1869); Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews (London, 1870); A Manual of the Anatomy of vertebrated animals (London, 1871); More Criticisms on Darwin, and Administrative Nihilism (D Appleton & Co, New York, 1872); A course of practical instruction in elementary biology assisted by H N Martin (London, Cambridge [printed], 1875); A Manual of the anatomy of Invertebrated Animals (London, 1877); Physiography: an introduction to the study of nature (London, 1877); Fish Diseases (London, 1883); Evolution and Ethics (The Romanes Lecture, 1893) (Macmillan and Co, London, 1893); Man's Place in Nature, and other essays [1906]; Collected Essays 9 vol (Macmillan and Co, London, 1894-1908); The Scientific Memoirs of T H Huxley edited by Professor Michael Foster and Professor E Ray Lankester 5 vol (Macmillan & Co, London, 1898-1903).

T H Huxley met Henrietta Anne Heathorn in Sydney, Australia, at the home of her stepsister Oriana in 1847, whilst travelling with the surveying ship HMS RATTLESNAKE. They became engaged, and Huxley returned to England in 1850. They did not see other again until Henrietta Heathorn came to England in 1855 to be married to Huxley, and during this time letters were their only method of communication.

Born Burnley, Lancashire, 1904; educated Burnley Grammar School, 1916-1922; read electrical engineering at Manchester University, 1922-1925; lecturer in Electrical Engineering, Burnley Municipal College, 1925-1926, Bradford Technical College, 1926-1929; Graduate apprentice, Metropolitan-Vickers, 1929-1930; lecturer in Electrical Engineering, Manchester College of Technology, 1930-1933; postgraduate student at Magdalen College, Oxford, 1933-1936; DPhil, Oxford University, 1936; DSc, Manchester University, 1936; Research Engineer, Metropolitan-Vickers, 1936-1938; Professor of Electro-technics, Manchester University, 1936-1946; Professor of Electrical Engineering, Imperial College, London, 1946-1953; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1953; member of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service, 1953; Director of Research and Education, Metropolitan Vickers, 1953-1961; knighted, 1958; Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Imperial College, 1961-1970; Pro-Rector of Imperial College, 1967-1970; life peer, 1967; devoted much time and energy to public service, especially on matters connected with education, science and technology in Britain and in developing countries, notably India and Africa; served on many official committees and advisory councils; died, 1970.
Jackson began to compile what he called his 'scrapbooks' in 1952 as a pastime on an Atlantic sea-crossing. Originally intended as a private record of social and personal engagements, the project developed into materials for a relatively complete autobiography, with annotations and 'chapter-headings' added by Jackson. He continued the work until his death, and also compiled a retrospective account from his schooldays onwards.
Publications: High Frequency Transmission Lines, etc (London, 1945); Advanced Courses in Electrical Engineering[London, 1950]; The Insulation of Electrical Equipment, Editor (Chapman & Hall, London, 1954); Scientific, Technological and Technical Manpower (University of Southampton, [Southampton], 1963); A Review of the scope and problems of scientific and technological manpower policy [Chairman, Professor Sir Willis Jackson] (Parliamentary Papers, London, 1965); Macdonald Trends and Developments in Engineering Series General editor (Macdonald, London, 1965-); Technology and the developing countries (London, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1966).

Born, 1854; studied Chemistry at evening classes at the Birkbeck Institute, [1871-1872]; gave evening classes in organic chemistry, Birkbeck Institute; student, Demonstrator in Chemistry, Royal College of Science and Imperial College, [1875]-1914; Secretary of the Royal Photographic Society; member of the Council of the Institute of Chemistry; fellow of the London and Berlin Chemical Societies; fellow of the Physical Society of London.
Publications: include:Text-Book of Practical Organic Chemistry for elementary students (1881); An Introduction to the science and practice of Photography third edition (Iliffe, Sons & Sturmey, London, [1900]).

Born Titusville, Pennsylvania, 1912; educated Westminster School, 1925-1928; read Zoology at University College London, 1929-1933; MSc, University College London; PhD on locusts, including fieldwork in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, awarded 1939; Rockefeller Foundation Malaria Research Laboratory at Tirana, Albania, 1939; Research Officer in the Colonial Office's Middle East Anti-Locust Unit, 1942-1944, organising both Soviet and RAF crop-dusting aircraft; joined Vincent Brian Wigglesworth's Insect Physiology Unit at the Department of Zoology, Cambridge, 1946-1967; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1965; Deputy Chief Scientific Officer, Agricultural Research Council and Professor of Animal Behaviour, University of London at Silwood Park, 1967-1983; moved to the Department of Zoology, Oxford, 1983; research interests were aphids, moths and pheromones, insect flight patterns and from the later 1980s 'anthropomorphic misinterpretation of insect behaviour in various contexts'; Gold Medal (Zoology) of the Linnean Society, 1984; Wigglesworth Medal of the Royal Entomological Society, 1985; died, 1993.

Publications: A Conspectus of Aphids as Vectors of Plant Viruses with M F Day and Victor Frank Eastop (Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 1962); Insect Polymorphism Editor (Royal Entomological Society, London, 1961); The new anthropomorphism (1992).

Born London, 1902; educated at the City of London School; read chemistry at Imperial College, London and graduated, 1923; awarded PhD, 1926; Demonstrator and Lecturer in Organic Chemistry, 1929-1938; Firth Professor of Chemistry at Sheffield University, 1938; Chair of Organic Chemistry at Harvard University, 1939-1945; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1940; Deputy Director of Scientific Research in the Ministry of Supply, UK, 1942; Director of the Chemical Research Laboratory of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research at Teddington, 1945; Professor of Organic Chemistry, Imperial College, 1949; Rector of Imperial College, 1955-1966; Knighted, 1959; Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society, 1960-1965; died, 1966.
Publications: A Course in Modern Techniques of Organic Chemistry with J A Elvidge and Margaret Whalley (Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1955); Chemistry and the Amenities of Life; The Future of the Imperial College, etc [London, 1955]; A Guide to Qualitative Organic Chemical Analysis with Basil Charles Leicester Weedon (Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1956).

Governor of Imperial College, 1907-1937, appointed by the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy; instrumental in setting up the Royal School of Mines Advisory Board.

Born, Canberra, Australia, 1903; Professor of Applied Physics, Imperial College, 1954-1971; elected Fellow of the Royal Society, 1966; Senior Research Fellow, Department of Physics, Imperial College, 1971-1980; died, 1987.

Born, London, 1849; educated private schools, Royal School of Mines; teaching staff at Royal College of Science, 1872-1873; leader of British Eclipse Expedition to the Nicobar Islands, India, 1875; Demonstrator, Science Schools, 1877-1878; scientific chemist in factories of coal tar dyes, discovered many new products and processes; Professor of Chemistry, Finsbury Technical College, 1885; Society of Arts medallist, 1886, 1901; President, Entomological Society, 1895-1897; President, Chemical Society, 1905-1907, Society of Dyers and Colourists, 1907-1910, Society of Chemical Industry, 1907-1909, Institute of Chemistry, 1912-1915; Professor of Organic Chemistry, University of London, 1912; Davy medal, Royal Society, 1913; Advisory Committee on Chemical Supplies, Board of Trade, 1914; Vice-President, Royal Society, 1914-1915; died, 1915.

Publications: include: Studies in the theory of Descent August Weismann. Translated and edited by R Meldola (Sampson Low & Co, London, 1880-82); Report on the East Anglican Earthquake of April 22nd, 1884 with William White (1885); The Chemistry of Photography (1889); Coal and what we get from it. A romance of applied science (1891); Arnold's Practical Science Manuals editor 3 vol (E Arnold, London, [1897, 98]); The Chemical Synthesis of Vital Products and the inter-relations between organic compounds (Edward Arnold, London, 1904); Chemistry [1913].

Student at the City and Guilds College, 1949-1951.
Publications: include: Problems in Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics for Engineering Students with John Robert Dark Francis (Edward Arnold, London, 1964).