Born 1910; educated at Oundle and New College, Oxford; worked as a solicitor with his father's firm, Greaves, Atter and Beaumont, 1934-1939; joined Yorkshire Flying Club, 1935; Pilot Officer, Auxiliary Air Force, 1936; service with 609 (West Riding) (Bomber) Sqn, No 6 (Auxiliary) Group, Yeadon, Yorkshire, 1936-1938; Flying Officer, Auxiliary Air Force, 1937; conversion of 609 Sqn to fighter aircraft, Dec 1938; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; served at RAF Drem, Haddingtonshire, and RAF Kinloss, Elginshire, Scotland, 1939-1940; Flight Lt, 1940; RAF Northolt, Middlesex, and RAF Warmwell, Dorset, and RAF Middle Wallop, Hampshire, 1940; served over Dunkirk beaches, France, May-Jun 1940; provided RAF fighter escort for Prime Minister Rt Hon Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, on visits to Briare and Tours, France, Jun 1940; acting Commanding Officer 609 Sqn, Battle of Britain, 1940; Instructor, No 7 Operational Training Unit, Hawarden, Flintshire, 1940-1941; Sqn Ldr, 1941; Chief Instructor, Operational Training Unit, Turnhouse, Edinburgh, 1941; Sqn Ldr (Organisation), Headquarters, No 9 Group, Fighter Command, Preston, Lancashire, 1941-1942; Wg Cdr, 1942; commanded RAF Andreas, Isle of Man, 1942-1943; commanded RAF Woodvale, Lancashire, 1943; commanded RAF Zeals, Wiltshire, 1943; Gp Capt and Deputy Air Officer, Administration, No 84 Group, 2 Tactical Air Force, 1943-1945; served in North West Europe, 1944-1945; awarded OBE, 1945; demobilised, 1945; Clerk to the Governors of Charities, Wakefield, Yorkshire; Clerk to the Commissioners of Tax; Secretary of the Wakefield Chamber of Commerce; Deputy Coroner for Wakefield and Chairman of the Wakefield Hospital Management Group; Deputy Lieutenant, West Riding of Yorkshire, 1967; High Sheriff, West Yorkshire, 1979; died 1997.
Born in 1884; educated at Eton College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into 16 (Queen's) Lancers, 1902; Adjutant, 16 Lancers' Depot, Woolwich, 1910; attended Staff College, Camberley, 1912-1913; stationed in Ireland, 1914; served in France and Belgium, 1914-1918; General Staff Officer Grade 3, 2 Cavalry Div, Oct 1914-Jan 1915; Bde Maj, 4 Cavalry Bde, Jan-Jul 1915; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Indian Cavalry Corps, Jul- Nov 1915; General Staff Officer Grade 2, 2 Cavalry Div, Nov 1915-May 1916; General Staff Officer Grade 2 Reserve Army, May-Jul 1916; General Staff Officer Grade 2, 5 Army, Jul-Nov 1916; General Staff Officer Grade 1, 8 Div, Nov 1916-Nov 1917; General Staff Officer Grade 1 (Operations), 5 Army, Nov 1917-Apr 1918; General Staff Officer Grade 1 (Operations), 4 Army, Apr-Jun 1918; General Staff Officer Grade 1, 5 Army, Jun-Dec 1918; Maj Gen, General Staff, 5 Army, Dec 1918-Apr 1919; General Staff Officer Grade 1 (Intelligence), British Army on the Rhine, Apr-Jul 1919; Assistant Military Secretary, British Army of the Rhine, Jul-Sep 1919; served in Palestine with 16 Lancers, 1919-1920; retired from Army, 1920; appointed Director of Africa and Eastern Trading Company and Joint Managing Director, United Africa Company, 1930; retired from business and became involved in local politics, 1936; served in Home Guard and Military Intelligence, War Office, 1940-1945; Chairman, Hertfordshire County Council, 1952-1958; High Sheriff of Hertfordshire, 1948-1949; died in 1966.
Born in 1916; educated at Haileybury College and Peterhouse, Cambridge; joined the army, 1940; POW in Japanese hands, 1942-1945; Assistant Secretary of the University of Cambridge Board of Extra-Mural Studies, 1946-1948; Chairman of the Educational Interchange Council, 1951-1979; founded first Bell School of Languages for the teaching of English to foreign students, 1955; died in 1989.
Born in 1855; entered the Royal Navy in 1869; Sub Lt, 1875; Lt, 1878; Commander, 1891; Capt, 1898; Assistant Director of Torpedoes, 1903-1907; R Adm, 1908; Director of Naval Intelligence, 1909-1912; Commander-in-Chief, East Indies, 1912; Vice Adm, 1913; commander, Royal Naval War College, Portsmouth, 1913-1914; commanded battleships of 3 Fleet, 1914; commander, Channel Fleet, 1915; Adm, 1916; Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth, 1916-1918; Adm commanding Coast Guard and Reserves; retired, 1918; died in 1932.
Born 1835; educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Royal Artillery, 1853; served in the Crimean War, 1854-1856, and was present at the Battle of the Alma, the Battle of Balaclava and the siege of Sebastopol; service in the Indian Mutiny Campaign, 1857-1859; Capt, 1860; Second China War, 1860; Maj, 1861; Lt Col, 1864; Assistant Boundary Commissioner for Reform Act, 1867; private secretary to Rt Hon Edward Cardwell, Secretary of State for War, 1871-1873; Col, 1872; Assistant Adjutant General, War Office, 1873-1878; awarded CB, 1877; HM Commissioner, Constantinople, 1879; High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief, Cyprus, 1879-1886; created KCMG, 1880; Maj Gen, 1883; appointed GCMG, 1886; Inspector General of Recruiting, 1886-1888; Lt Gen, 1887; Director General of Military Education, 1888-1893; Gen, 1892; Quartermaster General to the Forces, 1893; Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Gibraltar, 1893-1900; created KCB, 1896; appointed GCB, 1899; retired, 1902; Army Purchase Commissioner, 1904; Master Gunner of St James's Park, 1914; died 1918. Publications: Lord Cardwell at the War Office. A history of his administration, 1868-1874 (John Murray, London, 1904).
Born in 1889; educated at Wellington College and Birmingham University; entered the Army through the Devon Militia in 1910; 2nd Lt, Devonshire Regt, 1912; served in France and Belgium with Devonshire Regt, Royal Flying Corps and Army Signal Service, 1914-1918; Lt, 1915; Capt, 1918; Experimental Officer at Signals Experimental Establishment, Woolwich, 1919; joined Royal Signals Corps, 1921; retired, 1923; served in World War Two; seconded to RN, 1942-1946; died in 1965.
Born, 1912; educated, King Edwards Grammar School, Birmingham, 1924; journalist at Birmingham Mail; entered the Prison Service, 1938; Territorial Army; 6 Cavalry Brigade, 1939; Palestine, 1940; Western Desert Force, 1940; attached to the Sudan Government, survey of overland routes from Uganda to Sudan; Inspector of Prisons, Eritrea, 1941-1944; British Army on the Rhine, 1945; Prison Service; died, 1987.
Born in 1896; educated at Eton; 2nd Lt, the Rifle Brigade, 1914; served in France, World War One, 1915-1918; Lt, 1916; Private Secretary to his father when Parliamentary Secretary to Minister of Labour, 1918; Capt, 1921; Brevet Maj, 1932; Brigade Maj, 7 Infantry Brigade, 1932-1934; Brevet Lt Col, 1935; General Staff Officer Grade 2, War Office, 1935-1937; retired pay, 1937; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Deputy Director, Home Guard and acting Maj Gen, 1941; Director General, Home Guard and Territorial Army, 1941-1944; Col and temporary Maj Gen, 1942; Deputy Adjutant General, 1944-1945; President of West Midland Territorial Army and Volunteer Reserve Association, 1968-1969; died in 1982.
Born 1892; educated at Royal Naval College, Osborne and Royal Naval College, Dartmouth; served in World War One, 1914-1918 in HMS EXCELLENT, 1914-1915, HMS MALAYA, 1916-1918, HMS SIR JOHN MOORE, 1918 and HMS FORGE, near Crowborough, Sussex; Lt Cdr, 1922; served as Gunnery Officer on HMS CARDIFF, 1921-1924; Cdr, 1927; HMS EXCELLENT, Gunnery School, Portsmouth, 1932-1933; Capt, 1933; Tactical Division, Admiralty, 1934-1936; Capt of HMS BIRMINGHAM, 5 Cruiser Sqn, China, 1938-1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Chief of Staff to Commander-in-Chief Home Fleet, 1940-1942; awarded CBE, 1941; R Adm, 1942; Assistant Chief of Naval Staff, 1942-1944; awarded CB, 1944; V Adm, 1945; commanded cruisers in Pacific Fleet, 1945; created KCB, 1946; President of Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1946-1948; Adm, 1949; Commander-in-Chief, Far East Station, HMS TERROR, 1949-1951; appointed GBE, 1951; Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces Northern Europe, 1951-1953; retired list, 1953; died 1963.
Born in 1882; educated at Wellington College and Pembroke College, Cambridge; served in South Africa, 1902; 2nd Lt, Royal Field Artillery, 1905; Lt, 1908; Capt, 1914; Assistant Embarkation Staff Officer, Southampton, Aug-Sep 1914; Staff Capt and later Bde Maj, Royal Artillery Home Forces and France, 1915; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General (Staff Officer to General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Royal Artillery), France, 1915-1916; Maj, 1916; joined Royal Tank Corps, 1916; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General (Staff Officer to Maj Gen, Royal Artillery), France, 1916-1917; General Staff Officer Grade 1, Royal Artillery, France, 1917-1919; Brevet Lt Col, 1919; General Staff Officer Grade 1, Staff College, 1919-1921; Col, 1923; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Eastern Command, 1923-1924; Instructor, Tank Gunnery School, 1924-1925; Chief Instructor, Royal Tank Corps HQ Central School, 1925-1927; General Staff Officer Grade 1, War Office, 1927-1931; employed with Royal Army Tank Corps Training Formations, 1931; Brig, General Staff, Aldershot Command, 1931-1934; Brig Commander, India, 1935-1937; Maj Gen, 1936; Col Commandant Royal Tank Regt, 1939-1949; Lt Gen, 1940; Maj Gen in charge of Administration, Aldershot Command, 1937-1939; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Aldershot Command, 1939-1940; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Army, India, 1940-1942; retired, 1942; died in 1976.
Born in 1883; commissioned into Royal Artillery, 1902; served in Southern Ireland, 1902-1906; India, 1906-1909; Royal Horse Artillery (Northern Battery), Royal Artillery, India, 1909-1914; served in Western Front in World War One, commanding Canadian and Indian troops; proceeded to war in France with Secunderabad Cavalry Bde; landed Marseilles, Sep 1914, in command of ammunition column; Adjutant, 2 Indian Bde, Royal Horse Artillery, 1915; Bde Maj, 18 Divisional Artillery, 1915; General Staff Officer Grade 2, Royal Artillery, Canadian Corps, 1917; General Staff Officer Grade 1, Royal Artillery, 1 Army, 1918-1919; Instructor, Staff College, Camberley, 1919 and 1923-1927; General Staff Officer Grade 2 Northumbrian Div, Territorial Army, 1920-1923; Instructor, Imperial Defence College, 1927 and 1932-1934; Commandant, School of Artillery, 1929-1932; Commander, 8 Infantry Bde, 1934-1935; Inspector of Royal Artillery, 1935-1936; Director of Military Training, War Office, 1936-1937; Commander, Mobile Division, 1937-1938; Commander, Anti-Aircraft Corps, 1938-1939; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Anti-Aircraft Command and Southern Command, 1939-1940; Commander, 2 Army Corps, British Expeditionary Force, France and Belgium, 1939-1940; Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, 1940-1941; Chief of the Imperial General Staff, 1941-1946; ADC General to King George VI, 1942-1946; FM, 1944; received Freedom of Belfast, 1945; received Freedom of City of London, 1946; Col Commandant, Royal Artillery, 1939-1957, Royal Horse Artillery, 1940-1957, Glider Pilot Regt, 1942-1951, and Honourable Artillery Company, 1946-1954; President, Royal Artillery Association; one of Government Directors of Anglo-Iranian Oil Co, 1946-1956; Director, Midland Bank Ltd, 1947-1963; Chairman, Belfast Banking Co, Ltd, 1947-1963; Director, National Discount Co, 1948-1963, and Hudson's Bay Co, 1948-1959; Chancellor, Queen's University, Belfast, 1949-1963; Constable of Tower of London, 1950-1955; Lord Lieutenant, County of London, 1950-1957; President, Zoological Society of London, 1951-1954; Director, Triplex Glass Co Ltd, 1954-1956 and Lowland Tanker Co Ltd, 1954; President, Corps of Commissionaires, 1960; Commander of Coronation Parade and Lord High Constable of England in Coronation Abbey Ceremonies, 1953; died in 1963.
Born in 1902; 2nd Lt, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 1923; Lt, 1925; served on North West Frontier of India 1930-1931; Capt, 1935; Maj, 1940; served with Sudan Defence Force, 1943-1943; served in Normandy, 1944, and Germany, 1945-1947; Lt Col, 1947; served in Malaya, 1947-1951; died in 1985.
Born in 1837; cadet in Bengal Infantry, 1855; 2nd Lt, 1 European Bengal Fusiliers, 1856; Lt, 1857; transferred to Indian Staff Corps, 1865; Maj, 1875; Lt Col, 1881; died in 1895.
Born in 1906; educated at St Andrew's, Grahamstown, South Africa; served during World War Two with 49 Division in Iceland and the United Kingdom, and with 3 Indian Division in Burma.
Born 1893; educated at Framlingham College; mobilised with York Troop, East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry, 1914; commissioned into the East Yorkshire Regiment, 1914; served World War One, 1914- 1918 on Western Front, Egypt and India; service with 12 (Service) Bn (3 Hull), East Yorkshire Regiment, 1914-1917; Lt, 1916; awarded MC, 1916; transferred to Indian Army, 1917; served with 7 Gurkha Rifles and 18 Royal Garwhal Rifles, 1917-1943; acting Capt, 1918; Third Afghan War, 1919; Capt, 1919; Brevet Maj, 1930; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, General Staff, India, 1936; Brevet Lt Col, 1938; Assistant Military Secretary to Commander-in-Chief, India, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Brig, 1941; Maj Gen, 1942; Director of Staff Duties, General Staff, India, 1942-1943; Head of Indian Army Liaison Mission to the Middle East, 1944-1945; awarded CIE, 1944; organiser of India's Victory Celebrations, New Delhi, 1946; Chief of Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Baroda State Forces, India, 1946; awarded CSI, 1946; retired 1949; Area Controller, Civil Defence, North East Essex, 1950-1964; raised and commanded North East Sector, Essex Home Guard (5 Bns), 1951; Chairman, Lexden and Winstree Rural District Council, 1959-1963; died 1977.
Born in 1842; joined Royal Horse Guards Blue, 1859; travelled in Central and South America, [1862], Spain and Morocco, 1868, South Russia, 1870, Spain, 1874, and the Sudan, 1875; travelled in Asia Minor and Armenia, [1975-1977]; Col, 1881; commanded 3 Household Cavalry, 1881-1885; crossed English Channel in balloon, 1882; published A ride across the Channel (Sampson Low and Co, London, 1882); served in Egypt, 1882 and 1884-1885; killed in action in 1885. Publications: A ride to Khiva (Cassell and Co, London, 1876); On horseback through Asia Minor (Sampson Low and Co, London, 1877.
Born in 1914; educated at Bournemouth School; commissioned into RAF, 1936; took part in development trials of Fairey Battle day bomber; worked as RAF flying instructor; took part in development trials of Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO); seconded to the Foreign Office in Germany as a magistrate, 1945-1947; joined Colonial Service and posted to Nigeria, 1947; retired from Colonial Service, 1958; appointed Director, Yorkshire Association for the Care of the Disabled, 1958, and Director, Nigerian National Council for the Blind, 1960; set up West African Organisation for the Blind; died in 1994.
Born in 1891; educated at St Peter's College, Radley and University College Hospital; served with BEF in France, 1914-1915, and Salonika Expeditionary Force, 1915-1918; appointed to staff of King's College Hospital, 1922; served in BEF, 1940; Brig, 1941; Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Middle East Force, 1941-1942 and later Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon to the Army; retired, 1952; died in 1981.
Served in various RAF fighter and bomber squadrons, 1930-1935; Ferry Pilot, RAF Stations Henlow and Cardington, 1935-1939.
Born 1908; educated at West Buckland School, Devon; employed by W E Hinde Shipping Company, Cardiff, Glamorgan, 1925; employed by Gaumont British Cinemas, London and Birmingham [1930]; Lt, Royal Corps of Signals, Territorial Army and Supplementary Reserve, 1931; service with 53 (Welsh) Div Signals, Cardiff, Glamorgan, 1931-1933; Manager, News Reel Cinema, Bristol, Gloucestershire, 1933; Manager, Forum Cinema, Bath, Somerset, 1934; employed by Howard Tenens, London, 1938; Lt, 44 (Home Counties) Div Signals, Royal Corps of Signals, Territorial Army, London, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Capt, 1941; temporary Maj, 1942; Officer Commanding Madras Signals Company, India, 1942; service in Diksal, Jhansi and Gwalior, India, 1942-1943; War Substantive Maj, 1943; Commanding Officer, 70 Div Signals, India, 1944; Chief Signals Officer, Chindits, Burma, 1945; demobilised as Hon Lt Col, 1945; awarded TD, 1949; Ship Broker and Member of Lloyds of London; died 1998.
Born 1917, member of the 'Hopkinson Mission', (Military part of No.3 Military and Air Mission, British Expeditionary Force, May-Jun 1940); killed in North Africa, 1941.
Born in 1913; 2nd Lt, Royal Lincolnshire Regt, 1933; Lt, 1936; General Staff Officer Grade 3, HQ Western Command, 1940; Bde Maj, Nigerian Bde, 1940-1942; Capt, 1941;General Staff Officer Grade 2, 1 Lines of Communication Sub-Area, North Africa, 1942-1943, 20 Liaison HQ, 1944, and North West Europe, 1945-1946; served with the French Special Air Service, 1944; General Staff Officer Grade 1, North West Europe, 1946; Maj, 1946; General Staff Officer Grade 2, British Military Mission to France, 1947; AMA (General Staff Officer 2), Cairo, 1949-1951; General Staff Officer Grade 2 later Grade 1, HQ Allied Forces in Central Europe, 1955-1958; Lt Col, 1956; General Staff Officer Grade 1, French Forces in Germany, 1958-1959; retired, 1968; died in 1994.
Born 1889; educated at Uppingham School, Leicestershire, and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into The Gloucestershire Regt, 1909; served in Bombay, India, 1910; Lt, 1911; service with 7 Bn, The King's (Liverpool Regt), Territorial Force, 1913; served with 1 Bn, The Gloucestershire Regt, Bordon, Hampshire, 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; service with 1 Bn, The Gloucestershire Regt, 3 Infantry Bde, 1 Div, 1 Corps, British Expeditionary Force (BEF), Belgium and France, 1914; captured by German forces, 1914; POW, 1914-1917; Capt, 1915; awarded MC, 1916; escaped to the Netherlands from Schwarmstedt prison camp, Germany, 1917; service on Western Front, Macedonia and Turkey, 1917-1918; awarded Bar to MC, 1918; General Staff Officer 3, General Headquarters (Operations and Intelligence), British Salonika Force, 1918-1919; Brevet Maj, 1919; General Staff Officer 3, British Salonika Force and British Army of the Black Sea, Russia, 1919-1920; General Staff Officer 3, 6 Div, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force, Iraq, 1920-1921; Capt, Royal Tank Corps, 1923; graduated from Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1923; Maj, 1924; Deputy Assistant Adjutant General, British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), Germany, 1925-1927; Senior Officers School, Sheerness, Kent, 1927; General Staff Officer 2, Northern Command, 1927-1929; Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Northern Ireland District, 1930-1933; Brevet Lt Col, 1933; Lt Col, 1935; Commanding Officer, 1 Bn (Light), Royal Tank Corps, Egypt, 1935-1939; Col, 1936; temporary Brig, 1939; commanded 1 Army Tank Bde, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; commanded Armoured Bde, Egypt, 1939-1941; commanded 4 Armoured Bde, 7 Armoured Div, Western Desert campaign, 1940-1941; commanded 4 Armoured Bde in capture of Fort Capuzzo, Battle of Beda Fomm, Libya, Feb 1941; awarded CBE, 1941; Brig General Staff and Deputy Director of Staff Duties, Armoured Troops, General Headquarters, India, 1941-1943; retired 1944; member of Looe Urban District Council, Cornwall, 1952-1967; member for Great Britain, International Committee of the International Game Fish Association; died 1981. Publications: 13 days. The chronicle of an escape from a German prison camp (G Bell and Sons, London, 1918); A short guide to shark angling at Looe, and other places in SW England (Published by the author, Looe, Cornwall, 1958); Shark angling in Great Britain (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1961).
Born 1922; educated Sherborne, Trinity College, Cambridge; Military Service 1942-1946; Captain, 60th Rifles; Political Welfare Executive, Cairo, 1942; Special Operations Executive (Force 133) Greece, [1943-1944]; Anglo-Greek Information Service, West Macedonia, 1945; Press Officer, Volos and Salonika, 1946; BBC Foreign News Service, 1949-1951; Financial Times, 1951-1956; Commonwealth Fund Fellow, Columbia University, New York, 1953-1954; Shell International Petroleum Company, 1957-1978.
Born in 1886; 2nd Lt 12 (Prince of Wales's Royal) Lancers, 1905; Lt, 1907; employed with Egyptian Army, 1913-1914; Capt, 1914; served World War One, France and Belgium, 1914-1918; acting Maj, 1916, 1917-1919; Brevet Maj, 1919; Maj, 1923; General Staff Officer, Grade 3, War Office, 1923; Commander, Company of Gentleman Cadets, Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and General Staff Officer, Grade 2, 1923-1925; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, and temporary Lt Col, 1925-1926; Lt Col, 1927; Commander, 12 (Prince of Wales's Royal) Lancers, 1927-1931; [Commander 6 Midland Cavalry Bde (Territorial Army), 1931-1932]; retired 1932; director of Charringtons Brewery, 1932; member of His Majesty's Bodyguard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, 1935; recalled to service, and served in World War Two, 1939-1945; General Staff Officer, Grade 1, Aldershot Command, [1939-1940]; Commander 1 Armoured Bde, Middle East and Greece, 1940-1941; Commander Fighting Vehicles Section, General Headquarters, Cairo, Egypt, May-Jul 1941; invalided back to England, Jul 1941; Commander of an Armoured Div, 1941-1943; Honorary Brig, 1943; retired, 1943; Personal Assistant to FM Alan Francis Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, 1945[-1946]; died 1965.
Born 1917; educated at Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Devon; served with Royal Navy, 1936-1961; commissioned Midshipman, 1936; service on HMS LONDON, 1 Cruiser Sqn, Mediterranean Fleet, 1936-1938; acting Sub Lt, 1938; Promotion Course, Portsmouth, 1938; Sub Lt, 1938; served on HMS IMOGEN, 3 Destroyer Flotilla, Mediterranean Fleet, 1939; service in World War Two with the Home Fleet and the Western Approaches Command, 1939-1945; qualified as signal communications specialist, 1942; service on HMS OFFA, Battle of the Atlantic, 1942-1943; served on HMS BELFAST, 1943-1945; sinking of the German battlecruiser SCHARNHORST, Battle of North Cape, 1943; shore bombardment of Normandy coast, France, for D Day, Operation NEPTUNE, Jun 1944; Lt Cdr, 1944; served on HMS UKUSSA, Royal Naval Air Station, Katukurunda, Ceylon, 1946-1947; Signal Division, Admiralty, 1947-1949; Cdr, 1951; posted to HMS PRESIDENT, 1952-1954; commanded HMS CONTEST, 1955-1956; Joint Tactical School, Malta, 1957; HMS PHOENICIA, 1958-1960; served as Sea Cadet Corps Officer, 1961, retired 1961; Defence Correspondent for the Statist, 1962-1967; regular contributor of articles to Navy magazine, 1962-1977, member of the Bow Group Standing Committee on Defence, 1982. Publications: Co-authored with John Arbuthnot Ducane Wilkinson, MP, The uncertain ally. British Defence Policy, 1960-1990 (Gower, Aldershot, 1982); British Defence, a blueprint for reform (Brassey's, London, 1987).
Born in 1966; studied political science at the University of Winnipeg, Canada; awarded Master's degree on Soviet and Canadian military policy and nuclear weapons doctrine by Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1990; employed as analyst and historian for Air Command Headquarters, Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg, Canada, 1991-1992; former PhD student in the Department of War Studies, King's College London, 1993-1996; employed by the National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, Canada.
Publications: Canadian nuclear weapons (The untold story of Canada's Cold War arsenal) (Dundurn Press, Toronto, Canada, 1998).
Born 1892; educated at Massachusetts Institute of Technology; served in World War One, 1914-1918; commissioned into 1 Wessex Field Company, Royal Engineers, Territorial Force, 1915; service with 3 West Riding Field Company, Royal Engineers, Territorial Force, and 461 Field Company, Royal Engineers, Western Front, 1915-1918; awarded MC, 1915; Lt, 1916; Capt, 1918; Superintending Engineer, Maintenance Command, Northern Area, 1938; service with RAF in World War Two, 1939-1945; awarded CBE, 1945; Deputy Director of Works (Civil Aviation), Air Ministry, 1945-1947; Director of Works (Civil Aviation), Air Ministry, 1947-1952; died 1979.
Born 1908; educated at Royal Naval College, Dartmouth; Mid, HMS RAMILLIES, 1925; served on HMS RENOWN during world cruise of HRH Albert Frederick Arthur George, Duke of York, and HRH Elizabeth Angela Marguerite, Duchess of York, 1927; Sub Lt, HMS CORNWALL, China Station, 1930; Lt, 1930; served on HMS MALAYA, 2 Battle Sqn, Home Fleet, 1931-1933; qualified as Interpreter in Russian after language study in Bessarabia, 1934; qualified in Signals and Wireless Telegraphy, HM Signal School, Portsmouth, 1935; served at Admiralty and on the staff of V Adm Hon Sir Reginald Aylmer Ranfurly Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth, 1936; Flag Lt and subsequently Flag Lt Cdr to R Adm Lionel Victor Wells, Flag Officer commanding 3 Cruiser Sqn, Mediterranean Fleet, HMS ARETHUSA, 1937-1939; acting Sqn Signals and Wireless/Telegraphy Officer, 3 Cruiser Sqn, Mediterranean Fleet, 1937-1939; Lt Cdr, 1938; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Staff of Adm commanding 3 Battle Sqn and North Atlantic Escort Force, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1939-1941; Deputy Head of Naval Mission to USSR, 1941-1942; Flag Lt and Signals Officer to R Adm Sir Clement Moody, Flag Officer commanding Aircraft Carriers, Home Fleet, 1943; Signals Officer, Staff of V Adm Sir (William Eric) Campbell Tait, Flag Officer commanding South Atlantic Station, 1944; Signals Officer, Staff of R Adm Sir Harold Martin Burrough, Flag Officer, Gibraltar and Mediterranean Approaches, 1945; Naval and Marine Staff, Naval Intelligence Division, Admiralty, 1946-1948; acting Cdr, 1946-1953; awarded OBE, 1949; Chief Staff Officer (Intelligence), to R Adm Stephen Harry Tolson Arliss, Flag Officer Commanding British Naval Forces, Germany, and Chief British Naval Representative in the Allied Control Commission, HMS ROYAL ALBERT, Hamburg, Germany, 1949-1951; qualified as Interpreter in German; Intelligence Div, Naval Staff, Admiralty, 1952-1953; retired 1953; Export Consultant, ETG Consultancy Services, 1954-1965; contested Hayes and Harlington as Conservative Party candidate, UK General Election, 1955; Conservative MP for Harrow East, 1959-1966; Vice Chairman, Conservative Navy Committee, 1964; Chairman, Parliamentary Flying Club, 1965; Managing Director, New English Typewriting School Limited, 1969-1988; Chairman, Wiltshire Monday Club, 1977; Chairman of Governors, Urchfont School, 1982-1988; died 1988.Publications: Sailor in a Russian frame (Johnson, London, 1968).
McIlwain was born on 20 December 1912 in Newcastle upon Tyne. He was educated at King's College, Durham University 1930-1936 (B.Sc. in Chemistry 1934, M.Sc., Ph.D. 1936) and spent the year 1936-1937 at Queen's College, Oxford researching the organic chemistry of natural products. During the period 1937-1945 he was Leverhulme Research Fellow in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Department of Bacterial Chemistry, and subsequently member of the scientific staff of the MRC, at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School and subsequently at Sheffield University. During the period 1945-1947 he was Lecturer in Biochemistry, Sheffield University and member of the scientific staff of the MRC and of the Council's Unit for Cell Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Sheffield University. In 1948 he moved to the Maudsley Hospital as Senior Biochemist in the Teaching and Research Laboratories and subsequently Senior Lecturer and then Reader in Biochemistry in the University of London at the Institute of Psychiatry. In 1954 he was appointed Professor of Biochemistry in the University of London at the Institute of Psychiatry (Professor Emeritus 1980). He was then Visiting Professor, Department of Biochemistry, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, London, continuing research supported by the MRC, 1980-1986. After moving to Shropshire in 1986 McIlwain was based for his residual academic activities at the University of Birmingham Medical School.
McIlwain's early research career in association with P.G. Fildes at the Middlesex Hospital and H.A. Krebs in Sheffield focused on nutritional factors controlling the growth of bacteria and synthetic bacterial antimetabolites as chemotherapeutic agents for treating bacterial infection. His post-war move to the Maudsley Hospital and the Institute of Psychiatry was a marked change of direction. Here he organised a department dealing with biochemical research on the nervous system and the teaching of neurochemistry to postgraduate medical students. His research and teaching programmes, his textbooks and his active role in the establishment of the Journal of Neurochemistry (1956) and the International Society for Neurochemistry (1967) distinguish him as one of the founding fathers of the modern discipline. In retirement he devoted much time to his interests in the history of science and neurochemistry in particular. He died on 14 September 1992.
Maurice Henry Pappworth was born in 1910 in Liverpool. He studied medicine at the University of Liverpool and graduated MB ChB in 1932. From 1938-1940 he was registrar and medical tutor at the Royal Infirmary, Liverpool, where he worked with Lord Cohen of Birkenhead. In 1939 he was told he would never get a consultant's job in a Liverpool teaching hospital as he was a Jew. He was conscripted into the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1941 and served for 4 and a half years in which he rose to lieutenant colonel and included service in North Africa, Italy and Greece. After the war he was offered jobs in other areas of England but held out for a post in London in a well known hospital, an ambition he never achieved. Instead he turned to private teaching and was a freelance medical tutor from 1947-1990, specialising in preparing medical graduates for the exam for the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP). He also had his own private practice. He maintained that teaching in British medical schools was dreadful and held regular private courses to teach doctors.
Many acknowledge Pappworth's teaching as getting them through the MRCP exam. There were occasions when half the successful MRCP candidates had been his pupils. In 1960 he published Primer of Medicine, which gained a popular reputation among medical students as a short practical guide to the art and science of diagnosis. Within 2 years there were 3 reprints and a second edition followed in 1971. Through out the 1950s and 1960s he became increasingly concerned when his postgraduate students informed him of unethical experiments that they had personally observed, and of descriptions published in medical journals of unethical experiments on patients in the UK and USA, despite informal guidelines such as Nuremberg Code. He wrote letters to the editors of journals publishing work he considered unethical, but they were often rejected for publication. Hence, he collected 14 examples of ethically dubious research, published in 1962 in a special issue of the influential quarterly The Twentieth Century. The first part of his article's title, "Human Guinea Pigs": A Warning", was used again for his later book in 1967. Human Guinea Pigs described 205 experiments in all, including examples of experiments on children, the mentally defective and prison inmates. 78 examples were from NHS hospitals. The book was particularly harsh on Hammersmith Hospital where the earliest cardiac catheterisation and liver biopsies had been carried out in Britain.
At the same time as Pappworth was exposing experiments in Britain, Henry K. Beecher was also documenting unethical research in the US, but, he was not as criticised by his medical colleagues as Pappworth was. The British medical establishment were not amused at their dirty linen being washed in public, and he was told by members to be quiet. However, within 6 months of Human Guinea Pigs being published, the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) issued a report on the ethics of clinical research. It was Pappworth's activities in the late 1950s and 1960s that led to the Royal College of Physicians British code on ethics of human experimentation. In 1972, Pappworth spoke of belonging to a select band of less than 10 who had been members of the RCP for over 35 years. Despite passing the MRCP in 1936, it took 57 years for him (it normally takes 10-15 years) to be elected Fellow in 1993. Pappworth died on October 12 1994.
Walter Pagel was born in Berlin, the youngest son of Julius Pagel, the Professor of Medical History at the Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Berlin, where Pagel studied medicine. Pagel then worked at the Preussisches Institut für Infektionskrankheiten 'Robert Koch', Berlin, undertaking research in microbiology and immunology. In 1924 he moved to the Berlin Municipal Tuberculosis Hospital at Sommerfeld, where he pursued the immunological aspects of TB, working on theories recently advanced by Ranke. He continued to work as a pathologist in Germany until Hitler's accession to power in 1933, when he was dismissed from his post as a Jew. He then worked briefly in Paris before settling in England where he worked in Cambridge and London until his retirement in 1967. Between 1924 and 1967 Pagel was the author of around 120 publications on tuberculosis, including seven major monographs - of which Pulmonary Tuberculosis, 1939, was the OUP's standard textbook on the subject.
However, it was as a medical historian that Pagel was best known, concerned with the study of philosophy and religion in the 16th and 17th centuries, and primarily with the work of van Helmont, Paracelsus and Harvey. Pagel's first major historical monograph on van Helmont was published in 1930, but the majority of his historical research was carried out after his retirement from pathology work in 1967.
Stratton was born in Manchester on 8 October 1913. He was educated at Central Manchester High School before winning scholarships to the University of Manchester in 1931. He graduated B.Sc. in 1934 and went on to study as a medical doctor, qualifying MB, ChB in 1937. He became MD in 1945. Stratton began work as a doctor in General Practice but in 1940, following the outbreak of war, he joined the Manchester Blood Depot. Initially he served as Medical Officer but was quickly appointed Deputy Regional Transfusion Officer. The post-war health service reforms saw the creation of twelve regional blood transfusion centres. Stratton was appointed Regional Blood Transfusion Officer and in 1949, when the Manchester Centre came under the Regional Hospital Board, Director of the North West Regional Blood Transfusion Centre (later the Manchester Blood Centre), a post he held to retirement in 1980.
He combined administrative, fund-raising and clinical responsibilities with active research in the area of blood group serology, making a particular contribution to the detection of blood group antibodies. In retirement he worked on antiglobulin reagents and haemagglutination, in association with D. Voak. In 1947 Stratton was appointed Special Lecturer in Human Serology at the University of Manchester. He was made Reader in 1967 and in 1977 was appointed to a Personal Chair. Stratton received a D.Sc. in 1957. Stratton was a Founder Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. In the early 1980s he was a founder member and first President of the British Blood Transfusion Society. In recognition of his services in the field of blood transfusion Stratton was awarded the 1963 Oliver Memorial Award, the 1978 Karl Landsteiner Award of the American Association of Blood Banks and in 1987 received the British Blood Transfusion Society's highest honour, the James Blundell Award. Stratton died on 2 April 2001. He was survived by his wife Louisa and two sons.
William Drummond Macdonald Paton was born in Hendon, London, 5 May, 1917, and died 17 October, 1993. Son of a clergyman, Paton was educated at Winchester House, Brackley, and at Repton. At New College, Oxford, he obtained first class honours in Animal Physiology (1938). He proceeded to study at University College Hospital (UCH) where he qualified as a physician (1942), marrying, in the same year, Phoebe Margaret Rooke.
His subsequent appointments were: Pathologist, Midhurst Sanatorium (1943); Member of Scientific Staff, National Institute for Medical Research (1944-52); Reader in Applied Pharmacology, UCH (1952-54); Vandervell Chair of Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons, London (1954-59); Professor of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, and Fellow of Balliol College (1959-84).
Other offices held include: Secretary of the Physiological Society (1951-57); Chairman, MRC Committee on Non-Explosive Anaesthetic Agents (1960-69); Member of the Medical Research Council (1963-67); Member of the Council of the Royal Society (1967-69); Delegate of the Clarendon Press, Oxford (1967-72); Chairman, MRC Working Party on Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Drug Dependence (1968-75); Chairman, Editorial Board, British Pharmacological Society (1969-74); President, Institute of Animal Technicians (1969-74); Member, Central Advisory Council for Science and Technology (1970-71); Chairman, Committee on the Scheme for the Suppression of Doping in Horse-Racing (1970-71); Chairman, Research Defence Society (1972-77); Member, (Hunter) Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health (1978-79). In addition, Paton served as a Rhodes Trustee from 1968, and as a Wellcome Trustee from 1978. From 1953, Paton was consultant and adviser to the Director of Naval Physical Research, and was appointed as Civil Consultant in Underwater Physiology to the Navy in 1978, retiring from the role in 1982 on attaining the age of 65 years.
Amongst his many honours and awards were: FRS (1956), JP (1956), CBE (1968), FRCP (1969), FFARCS (Hon) (1975), and Knight bachelor (1979). He shared the Cameron Prize (1956) and the Gairdner Foundation Award (1959) with Eleanor Zaimis for their work on methonium compounds, and received the Gold Medal of the Society of Apothecaries (1979).
Sir Walter Morley Fletcher, KBE, CB, FRCP, FRS (1873-1933), was a physiologist.
ASH serves to educate the public about the dangers of smoking, to support cessation campaigns - including an annual No Smoking Day - and to campaign for legislation limiting the marketing of tobacco products. Since its foundation in 1971, it has been active in publicising the dangers of passive smoking, worked to discourage smoking by children and campaigned against tobacco marketing in the developing countries.
The MRC Blood Group Unit succeeded the Galton Laboratory Serum Unit set up in 1935 under the direction of Professor (later Sir) Ronald Fisher and financed through the Medical Research Council by the Rockefeller Foundation. The Serum Unit was based at University College, London, and re-located to Cambridge during the Second World War. In 1946, the Unit was reconstituted at the Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine as the Blood Group Research Unit, under the directorship of Dr Robert Race.
The need for safe transfusion therapy intensified blood group research in the run-up to the Second World War, and in 1940 Landsteiner and Wiener discovered the Rh factor, building on foundations laid by Levine and Stetson in 1939. From 1946 the MRC Blood Group Unit acquired an international reputation in the highly specialised field of haematology, extending its work in 1965 into the genetics of blood groups. Upon the retirement of Dr Race in 1973, Dr Ruth Sanger became director of the Unit. Under Dr Sanger's direction, the Unit continued to make a unique contribution to the identification of blood groups, and to the applications of the blood group systems to the problems of human genetics. In 1983, upon the retirement of Dr Sanger, Dr Patricia Tippett became director. The MRC Blood Group Unit moved from the Lister Institute to premises at University College, London in 1975. It was disbanded in September 1995, although its work continues in other research centres.
Dr Hugh Baron was keen to establish a society for the promotion of arts in hospital, and he and other interested parties proposed to set up a centre for this. A Steering Committee was established. Originally, negotiations were with Manchester Polytechnic funded by the Carnegie Trust (but they pulled out when staff were being appointed, as it was counter to their remit). However, the Committee found itself unable to agree on a Director, and plans to set up the centre in Manchester were scrapped. This led to some of the Committee members (notably Peter Senior, who applied for the post of Director) breaking away. Eventually, Senior established a rival institution in Manchester (Arts for Health. See D.1) and the British Health Care Arts Centre based itself in Dundee at the Duncan of Jordanstane Art College, under the Directorship of Malcom Miles. It was financed through donations from charitable trusts and foundations.
In 1993, through financial instability, the Centre was wound up. However, the English venture merged with the arts project at the United Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (at Leeds General Infirmary), whilst the Scottish arm remained in Dundee. The two institutions were separate in terms of finance and management but still retained collaborative links.
The aims of the BHCAC were: (a) to improve the environment in all health care buildings, by encouraging the development of the arts in these buildings through the provision of an advice and consultancy service, both to the health authorities and to arts organisations and projects working with the Health Service, and (b) to initiate studies and arts in health care. Every year, the BHCAC awarded the Astra Award funded by Astra Pharmaceuticals.
The British Society for the Study of Orthodontics (BSSO) was founded in 1907, and was the only orthodontics association until the emergence of others in the 1960s. In the 1970s there were attempts to co-ordinate activities with other orthodontics societies by collaborating over conferences and journals. In July 1994 the BSSO merged with the British Association of Orthodontics to form the British Orthodontic Society. The Society holds regular meetings for the presentation of papers by members discussing academic aspects of orthodontics, which were published in Transactions, 1908-1971, and thereafter in the British Journal of Orthodontics. For further details of the Society's history see the articles by Leighton and Howard (7/1 and 7/2).
In 1977 the Medical Research Council's Medical Commission on Accident Prevention held a conference with Newcastle Department of Child Health on `Children, the environment and accidents'. The conference highlighted the need for a body specifically aimed at child accident prevention, and a steering group was set up to investigate the establishment of such a body. As a result, the Joint Committee on Childhood Accident Prevention was set up in 1979 for a trial period of 3 years, with a grant from the King's Fund. The Joint Committee aimed to initiate and coordinate research into childhood accidents and their prevention, bringing together people from the fields of health services, engineering, design, standards and education. At the end of the trial period the Joint Committee obtained charitable status and became the Child Accident Prevention Trust (CAPT), funded by the Department of Health and Social Security. Originally, CAPT had six Trustees, a Council of Management of 33 members, an Executive Committee of eight members and a small full-time staff with a paediatrician as part-time Medical Secretary. In 1988 the Executive Committee was replaced by a Professional Committee and a Management Committee. CAPT disseminates information in a variety of ways: working parties, made up of Trust members and co-opted experts, undertake research and produce reports for presentation at seminars; the Trust's resource centre provides an information and advisory service to those involved in child injury prevention; and CAPT cooperates with other bodies to produce publications such as books, factsheets and videos for both general and specialist consumption. For further details of CAPT's work see their website at http://www.capt.org.uk.
The Eugenics Society was founded, under the name Eugenics Education Society, in 1907, to promote public awareness of eugenic problems, i.e. the existence of hereditary qualities both positive and negative, and the need to encourage social responsibility with respect to these qualities. Unlike the Galton Laboratory, which was also inspired by the teachings of Sir Francis Galton and founded in 1904, the Eugenics Society was a popular rather than a scientific institution, although its Aims and Objects varied during the years and in 1963 it abandoned propaganda on being granted charitable status. Besides its involvement in the theoretical aspects of eugenics the Society was also interested in the practical means by which eugenic ideals could be attained, so these records contain a good deal of material on subjects such as the treatment of the mentally and physically defective, the development of birth control methods, the legalisation of sterilisation, the use of artificial insemination, etc. (see detailed catalogue section D 'General'). A large number of people in all stations of life, some of them very distinguished, were involved with the Society (see detailed catalogue section C 'People'). The Society changed its name to the Galton Institute in 1989. For a fuller treatment of the history of the Eugenics Society, see Faith Schenck & A.S. Parkes, `The Activities of the Eugenics Society', Eugenics Review 60, 1968, pp. 142-161. For the early years of the Society see L.A. Farrall, The Origins and Growth of the English Eugenics Movement 1863-1925 (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Indiana University, 1970) and the file GB0121 SA/EUG/B.11 'Notes on the early days of the Eugenics Education Society' by Lady Chambers.
The UK Umbrella Group began as fairly informal meetings of members of the Association of Jungian Analysts (AJA), Jungian Section of the British Association of Psychotherapists (BAP), Independent Group of Analytical Psychologists (IGAP) and the Society of Analytical Psychologists (SAP) late in 1986, which gradually became more formal and generated joint conferences and workshops as well as a working group on archives. The Umbrella Group Newsletter was published by the London Umbrella Group from 1997 and produced by a group of people from the four UK Jungian training organisations, and the editorship rotated around the team.
The Medical Journalists' Association (MJA) was launched by a group of medical journalists in 1967 "to improve the quality and practice of medical journalism and to improve relationships and understanding between medical journalists and the medical profession". Members participate in regular briefing meetings and the annual award scheme, and the MJA will act to defend points of principle, such as the availability of information from government press offices. Membership is open to journalists working in all branches of the media.
Thomas Newborn Robert Morson (1800-1874), pharmaceutical entrepreneur, was the founder of the firm of Thomas Morson and Son Ltd, of London, which became a leading manufacturer, wholesaler and retailer of pharmaceutical chemicals and proprietary medicines during the nineteenth century. After an apprenticeship to a surgeon-apothecary in London, Morson spent three years in Paris during 1818-1821, studying under the chemist Louis Antoine Planche. He was a man of wide scientific and cultural interests, with contacts and friendships throughout British and continental science. He was prominent in the foundation of the Pharmaceutical Society, and was elected President in 1848.
Thomas Morson and Son was particularly notable for the manufacture and sale of the new vegetable alkaloids which were identified in the early part of the nineteenth century in France, and was the first British producer, from 1821, of quinine sulphate and morphine. By the 1860s Morsons was producing over five hundred different chemical substances, mainly of medicinal application. By the end of the century the firm had a world-wide export business, especially to India. In 1915 the company was incorporated as Thomas Morson and Son Ltd. The peak of production was reached in about 1930, at which time the firm entered into cooperation with the German chemical company, E Merck of Darmstadt, for the manufacture of sodium glycerophosphate (a substance included in tonic formulations). This development presaged the eventual takeover of Morsons by the American pharmaceutical corporation, Merck Sharp and Dohme, in 1957.
The Medical Pilgrims were founded by Sir Arthur Hurst in 1928. There was a chosen membership of 20 and annual pilgramages were made to foreign and British cities.
The Prout Club was started by Hugh Baron (Secretary) and Michael Hobsley (Treasurer) as a dining club for people interested in the secretions of the stomach, in 1972; the inaugural meeting was held in conjunction with the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG); membership was limited to 50; the committee did not actually ever meet, but conducted its business by correspondence; Hobsley retired and was succeeded by David Ralphs in 1994; Baron retired and was suceeded by Roy Pounder in 1996.
The Association for Research into Restricted Growth was co-founded by Dr Sir William Geoffrey Shakespeare, 2nd Baronet, (1927-1996), a general practitioner who took an interest in the conditions causing restricted growth. He had achondroplasia, a genetic disorder that causes dwarfism or restricted growth. His son Sir Thomas William Shakespeare, 3rd Baronet (b 1966) also has achondroplasia. The Association became a registered charity in 1970.
Named after Henry Ernest Sigerist (1891-1957) the Swiss medical historian, the Sigerist Society was founded in 1947 by a group of left wing doctors with a strong Marxist component. They met 2 or 3 times a year to discuss medicine in society, and wider philosophical issues. Members included Philip Hart, Martin Roff, Richard Doll and Julian Tudor Hart. The Society probably ended in 1955.
The Society for the Study and Cure of Inebriety was founded in 1884 as a pressure group in response to the inadequacy of the Habitual Drunkards Act of 1879.
In 1946 the Society changed it's name to the Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and other Drugs.
The London Society for Study of Addiction is the London branch of the Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and other Drugs.
The Society's current aims are to promote the communication and spread of scientific knowledge about dependence on drugs and alcohol and other forms of dependence associated with compulsive behaviour, and to encourage the systematic study of the forms of dependence.
The Society jointly sponsors the Dent Lecture with the Department of Pharmacology, Kings College London.
The Travelling Surgical Society was founded in 1924 by twelve members keen to promote links with surgeons abroad to exchange ideas. Membership was set at 20. Annual visits lasting about a week were made, mostly abroad, but also to cities in Britain. A visit to Norway was planned for September 1939, but was cancelled due to the outbreak of war. Visits were not resumed again until 1949.