Frederic Seebohm was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, and educated in York. In 1855 he moved to Hitchin, Hertfordshire, where he lived for the rest of his life. He had begun to read for the bar at the Middle Temple whilst still living in Yorkshire and was called to the bar in 1856. In 1859 he became a partner in Sharples and Co bank, which his father-in-law had co-founded. He later became president of the Institute of Bankers. Besides being a committed Quaker and political liberal, Seebohm was strongly interested in history, particularly the medieval period and agricultural history; he wrote and published several books on historical and religious topics and his writings are still influential today.
Born 1913; educated Croyden High School, Newnham College at Cambridge University, and the London School of Economics and Political Science; Personnel Officer, C & J Clark Ltd, 1936-1946; seconded as part-time member of staff, Production Efficiency Board, Ministry of Aircraft Production, 1943-1945; Teacher of, and Reader in, Personnel Management, LSE, 1946-1978; contested Hornchurch, 1950 and 1951, Truro, 1955 and 1959, Epping, 1964, Rochdale, 1966, and Wakefield, 1970, as a Liberal; President, Liberal Party, 1964-1965; President, Fawcett Society, 1970-1985; Top Salaries Review Board, 1971-1984; created Life Peer, 1971; Member of Council, Industrial Society, 1972-1984; President, British Standards Institute, 1974-1977; President, Women's Liberal Federation, 1974; Hansard Social Commission on Electoral Reform, 1975-1976; President, Institute of Personnel Management, 1977-1979; Visiting Professor of Personnel Management, City University, 1980-1987; Leader of the Liberal Party, House of Lords, 1984-1988; Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats, House of Lords, 1988-1997; died 1997. Publications: Women in the penal system (Report for the Howard League for Penal Reform, 1986); Training: the fulcrum of change (British Association for Commercial and Industrial Education, London, 1976); Interdependence and survival: population policies and environmental control (Wyndham Place Trust, London, 1976); A career for women in industry (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1964); Policies for incomes (Liberal Publication Department, London, 1967); Education: a quantum leap? (Hebden Royd Publications, Hebden Bridge, 1988).
See Red Women's Workshop (c 1974-1984) was a screen-print workshop run as a women's collective between c 1974 and 1984. It was a radical campaigning and publicising organisation fully committed to the ideals of the second wave feminist movement. See Red's activities included the designing and printing of their own posters, postcards and calendars, as well as taking on design and print commissions for other organisations. They also gave talks and demonstrations on screen-printing. Their work was distributed through shops and mail order both nationally and internationally. The group varied in number; overall 20 women worked at See Red during its lifetime. After working from home in the early days, the collective progressed to renting shared space with Women in Print, at 16a Iliffe Yard, off Crampton St, London, SE17. The workshop was initially run without grant-aid, and the women contributed up to three working days a week to the workshop while earning a living elsewhere. In the early 1980s the collective was supported by funding from the Greater London Council.
The women were committed to the principles of working as a collective in spite of time and money constraints. They saw themselves as accountable to the Women's Liberation Movement, and wanted to design posters that were cheap and therefore accessible. They were keen to prioritise the strength of the message over slick techniques or beautiful art, making posters that served an urgent purpose that they acknowledged might ultimately be short-lived. The posters carried either a campaigning or a consciousness-raising message, and treated many subjects including: women and sexuality, health, childcare, domestic politics, domestic violence, sexual equality for girls and women, male sexist attitudes, sexist and degrading treatment of women by the media, and oppression of women in a wider political context, both nationally and internationally. The Workshop came to an end in 1984.
Catharine Sedley was the daughter of John Savage, Earl of Rivers, and was probably born in the late 1630s, or early 1640s.
She married Sir Charles Sedley, wit, dramatic author, and Member of Parliament for New Romney, on 23 February 1656/7 at St Giles-in-the-Fields. Her husband, favoured at the court of Charles II, gained a reputation as a patron of literature in the Restoration period, and was the Lisideius of the poet John Dryden's Essay of Dramatic Poesy (1668). His lewd, drunken behaviour brought him notoriety which rivaled his literary reputation. There are several references to Sedley's antics in Samuel Pepys's Diary.
Sir Charles and Lady Sedley had one daughter, Catharine, born in 1657. She became the favourite mistress of James, Duke of York, afterwards James II, who created her Countess of Dorchester.
Lady Sedley was eventually locked up in a madhouse, or confined in a convent, many years before she died (Guthrie, 1913, p.12; Boswell, 1929, p.1058). She is thought to have died in 1705.
The Sédillot family from Clermont, Cantal, produced several medical figures in the course of a few generations. Jean Sédillot was founder and editor of the Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy. Charles Sédillot was a military surgeon and Professor of Surgery at the Strasbourg faculty of medicine.
For further biographical information see Charles Henri Sunder, La vie et les oeuvres de Ch. Emmanuel Sedillot (1804-1883) (Strasbourg: Les Editions Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1933) and Alain Ségal, "Notice biographique sur Jean Sédillot Le Jeune (1757-1840)", in Histoire des sciences médicales T. 30, no. 4 (1996), pp. 495-500.
Peter Sedgwick was born in 1934 and brought up in Liverpool. He gained a scholarship to Balliol College Oxford where he became a communist, leaving the Communist Party in 1956 with other members of the early New Left. He then joined the Socialist Review Group later to become the International Socialists. He wrote brilliantly for the group’s press, but also involved himself deeply in all the drudgery and activities of the rank rank-and and-file members. He was always a free spirit and was bitterly opposed to the International Socialism group renaming itself as a the Socialist Workers Party in 1976 refusing to join the new organisation while always remaining a man dedicated to the far left. He was editing the works of Victor Serge at the time of his death.
The Rev Adam Sedgwick was born in 1785, at the vicarage of Dent, Yorkshire, the third of seven children of the vicar Richard Sedgwick. He attended the local grammar school, under the tutelage of his father, until he was 16 after which he was sent to Sedbergh Grammar School.
Sedgwick entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1804 where he chiefly read mathematics. He graduated in 1808 as 'fifth wrangler' [first class honours, 5th highest marks in the year], and gained his Fellowship from Trinity in 1810. Sedgwick's health broke down in 1813 due to a burst a blood vessel caused by a combination of overwork and unhappiness with his position. Whilst he did recover over the next few years, he continued to suffer from bouts of ill health throughout his life. In 1815 he became assistant mathematics tutor at Trinity, and was ordained the following year during which he also travelled for several months throughout Europe.
In 1818 he was elected Woodwardian Professor of Geology of the University of Cambridge, a post he held until his death in 1873. One of the odder duties of the chair, as set down in the will of its founder John Woodward in 1728, was to defend Woodward's views as to the nature and origin of fossils against the outdated attacks of Dr Rudolf Jakob Camerarius of Tübingen and his followers - a duty Sedgwick faithfully undertook in his inaugural lecture each year. The post was also allocated £10 a year to correspond in scientific matters with distinguished foreigners, with a view to adding to Woodward's fossil collection. Unlike the previous Woodwardian Professors, Sedgwick was expected to lecture on geology, a subject he admitted he knew little about at the time. Energetically throwing himself into the subject, he undertook his first geological field trip with John Stevens Henslow to the Isle of Wight in 1818, the findings from the excursion forming his first course of lectures. That same year he joined the Geological Society, going on to serve as its President between 1829-1831.
Sedgwick's first geological paper was on the physical structure of Devonshire and Cornwall, which was read before the Cambridge Philosophical Society in 1820, an organisation of which he was also co-founder. Sedgwick continued with his summer field trips, learning much from Henslow and William Daniel Conybeare, and in 1828 accompanied Roderick Impey Murchison on a tour of Scotland. Murchison, whom Sedgwick met at the Geological Society, was less experienced than he, but they became close friends publishing a number of joint papers on the geology of Britain and Europe between 1828-1842.
By the late 1820s, Sedgwick's main focus was to complete a book on the strata below the Old Red Sandstone, and the majority of his papers over the next 20 years were essentially progress reports on the project. He travelled around the Lake District, Wales and the southern uplands of Scotland to investigate these older rocks. In 1831, a young Charles Darwin accompanied Sedgwick on a tour of north Wales, where Darwin gained his first training in the field.
Whilst Sedgwick was researching structures in north Wales, Murchison had began examining the younger and more fossiliferous strata of south Wales and the Welsh borders. Together, their work provided the foundations for a new classification of the oldest rocks with fossils - Sedgwick's strata were called the Cambrian, while Murchison's became the Silurian. This friendly arrangement was threatened by Henry De la Beche's discovery of Coal plants in rocks which appeared to be of the same age as those which Murchison and Sedgwick had been studying. The resulting controversy, in which the two friends collaborated closely, bore fruit in their 1839 announcement of the Devonian system as a distinctive period in earth history.
However, the creation of the Devonian effectively removed any distinctive fauna from Sedgwick's Cambrian. The problem was exacerbated when John Eddowes Bowman, Daniel Sharpe, and finally the official Geological Survey extended its work into Sedgwick's territory during the early 1840. Most of the strata which had been identified as being older than the Silurian proved to be of the same age. Almost all geologists followed Murchison in wiping the Cambrian off the map, ignoring Sedgwick's attempts to create alternatives to what he condemned as a grossly over-extended Silurian.
By the 1850s, with his book on the older rocks scarcely begun, Sedgwick argued the case for the Cambrian in increasingly intemperate language. He cut off links not only with Murchison, but also with the Geological Society (whose Wollaston medal he had been awarded in 1851) and the London geological community more generally. The controversy was settled only after Sedgwick's death. The discovery of a fauna below that of Murchison's oldest Silurians became the basis for a redefined Cambrian. The uppermost strata of Murchison's expanded system were called Silurian, and the strata in between were termed Ordovician.
The controversy between the once close friends has been marked by the Society, in its positioning of the busts of Murchison and Sedgwick. Both busts can be found by the main entrance, but on opposite sides.
Sir Herbert John Seddon was born in Derby, in 1903. He spent his childhood in Manchester and then entered St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College. He became MRCS (with the Conjoint Diploma) in 1925, and graduated in 1928 with honours, becoming FRCS in the same year. He was appointed instructor in surgery to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, in 1930. He then took up the appointment of resident surgeon at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, 1931-1939. He mostly worked with children suffering from bone and joint infections. There was an epidemic of poliomyelitis in 1938. He was appointed Nuffield Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Oxford in 1939, and undertook work on peripheral nerve injuries. During the World War Two, he became concerned with the epidemic poliomyelitis in Malta and Mauritius, making observations on the mode of infection and developing a technique for simple splint design and manufacture. He became Director of Studies at the Institute of Orthopaedics in London in 1948. He subsequently became the first Professor of Orthopaedics in the University of London. He became a member of the Medical Research Council for 4 years, and was a member of the Advisory Medical Council of the Colonial Office, leading to extensive tours of Africa for which he was awarded the CMG in 1951. He was awarded the Robert Jones Medal and gave the Robert Jones lecture in 1960. He was Honorary Secretary, and later President of the British Orthopaedic Association. He was knighted in 1964. He planned and implemented the Medical Research Council's investigation into tuberculosis of the vertebral column, carried out in Bulawayo, Hong Kong, Korea and South Africa. He also carried out advisory work for the Lebanese Army. He died in 1977.
Thomas Seccombe was reportedly the first lecturer in History at East London Technical College.
Mrs Parnel Seaton was a widow at the time these papers were made, and lived for a time on the island of St Christopher, West Indies before returning to England. One of the letters concerns the winding up of her affairs in St Christopher, including the selling of her slaves.
Searle and Company Limited, jewellers and silversmiths, were established in the City of London in 1893. They have specialised in antique and modern jewellery and silverware, handling corporate commissions, heraldic engraving, repairs and restorations, and making hand and machine-made wares. The company originally had premises at 80 Cornhill, moving to 78 Lombard Street in 1896, and 1 Royal Exchange in 1933 where they remain as of 2008.
Seaport (Selangor) Rubber Estate Limited was registered in 1910 to acquire land on the railway between Klang and Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaya. Harrisons and Crosfield Limited acted as secretaries for the company 1910-1965. In 1965/6 Seport (Selangor) Rubber Estate Limited went into voluntary liquidation and its estates were sold.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Anthony Seal (d 1757), Citizen and Glazier, of Ashentree Court, Whitefriars, was a glassmaker and the proprietor of the last of the glass houses in the City of London. Possibly born in 1720, he was apprenticed into the Glaziers' Company in 1736 and made free in 1747.
Seager Evans and Company was founded in 1805, principally as a maker of gin. They owned distilleries in Millbank and Deptford as well as many in Scotland for the production of whisky.
In 1956 they were bought by Schenley Industries of New York, in turn owned by Glen Alden Corporation. In 1969 Glen Alden Corporation was taken over by Rapid American Incorporated. The name Seager Evans was changed to Long John International, Ltd.
The collection also contains the records of a subsidiary company Holland and Co. Ltd, distillers, of Deptford Bridge, Deptford, Kent.
Charles Dagge Seager was born in 1779. He was educated at Warminster Grammar School. He became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1801, and was one of the 300 founding members. He practised for many years in Cheltenham, c 1810; he appears also to have practised or resided in Guernsey. He retired to Clifton, c 1840. He became a Fellow of the College in 1843. Seager made a careful transcript of John Hunter's Lectures on Surgery, c 1800, originally taken down and arranged into aphorisms by John Hunter's friend, Charles Brandon Trye.
Cecil Edward Seager was born on 1 April 1908, in Leicester. He was educated at Leeds Modern School (Secondary) between 1913 and 1926. On leaving school, he was accepted as a missionary student at the United Independent College, Bradford. He took an arts course at Edinburgh University, graduating with an MA in October 1931. He went on to read for a theology course at the United Independent College, which he completed in June 1933. In the same year he was appointed as a missionary with the London Missionary Society. He was posted to Inyati, Southern Rhodesia, where he became Principal of the Institution (school), with additional charge of the Inyati District. From 1937, he and his wife were stationed at Tjimali and Dombodema, Matabeleland. In 1941, he resigned from the London Missionary Society and took up alternative ministerial work in southern Africa.
Born 1903; educated at Highgate School and St John's College, Cambridge; Classical Tutor, Hackney and New College, London, 1926-1935; Reader in Ancient History, New College, London, 1935-1959; part-time teaching at University College London, 1941-1942; Professor of Ancient History, King's College London, 1959-1970; Governor of New College, London, 1930-1980; Vice President of the Society for Promotion of Roman Studies; Acting Director of the Institute of Classical Studies, London, 1964; Fellow of King's College London, 1970; [retired, 1970]; Emeritus Professor of Ancient History, 1970-1983; died 1983.
Publications: editor, with N G L Hammond, of the The Oxford classical dictionary (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970); editor of Atlas of the Classical World (Nelson, London and Edinburgh, 1959); editor, with H E Butler, of Livy, Book XXX (Methuen, London, 1939); A history of the Roman world from 753 to 146 BC (Methuen, London, 1935); From the Gracchi to Nero: a history of Rome from 133 B.C. to A.D. 68 (Methuen, London, 1959); Roman politics (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1951); Scipio Africanus: soldier and politician (Thames and Hudson, London, 1970); Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War...Thirlwall Prize Essay (University Press, Cambridge, 1930); The elephant in the Greek and Roman world (Thames and Hudson, London, 1974); The Etruscan cities and Rome (Thames and Hudson, London, 1967); Shorter atlas of the classical world (Thomas Nelson and Sons, Edinburgh, 1962); editor of The grandeur that was Rome (Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1961); Roman Britain: outpost of the Empire (Thames and Hudson, London, 1979); Festivals and ceremonies of the Roman Republic (Thames and Hudson, London, c1981); A history of Rome down to the reign of Constantine (Macmillan, London, 1975).
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
The Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service (1914-1919) was part of the suffrage response to the First World War. At the outbreak of the First World War, a large number of the existing suffrage societies put their administrative skills at the disposal of the war effort. The Scottish Federation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, at the suggestion of Dr Elsie Inglis, put forward the idea of female medical units to serve on the front line. The War Office rejected the idea, but nonetheless private donations, the fundraising of local societies and the support of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies financed a number of units staffed entirely by women. The organisation's headquarters were in Edinburgh throughout the war, with committees also in Glasgow and London, working closely with the London office of the Croix Rouge Francaise. The Fawcett Society was particularly involved with the London Unit of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. The first unit mobilised established a 200 bed Auxiliary Hospital at Royaumont Abbey in Dec 1914. In Apr 1915, Dr Inglis herself was at the head of a unit based in Serbia. By Jun 1915 SWH had responsibility for more than 1,000 beds with 250 staff including 19 women doctors. The Austrian offensive of that summer led to their camps being overrun and a number of the staff including Inglis herself being taken prisoner, only to be released after negotiations. By the end of the war there were fourteen Scottish Women's Hospitals in France, Serbia, Russia, Salonica and Macedonia. Inglis herself was ill with cancer by 1917 while working in Russia. She and her unit were part of the retreat of forces to Archangel and she was evacuated to Newcastle on the 25 Nov 1919 of that year, only to die the following day. The Scottish Women's Hospitals work continued until the end of the war.
In 1953 a small group of friends whose birthdays all fell within the same month decided to hold a joint birthday party, which was a great success. Other parties were held for increasing numbers of dancers, until in August 1953 at a meeting held at the Royal Scottish Corporation Hall in Fetter Lane it was decided to form the Scottish Reel Club. Its aim was the promotion of Scottish Country Dances in London. Dances were held throughout the year, at which new and different dances were introduced. In its first year a membership of 69 was achieved.
From 1973 the Club met at St Columba's Church of Scotland in Pont Street, London SW1. In July 1990 it was decided that the Club should be wound up as a result of decreasing attendances at dances making them no longer financially viable.
The 1967 Sexual Offences Act, which decriminalised adult homosexual relationships, did not apply in Scotland. The first meeting of the Scottish Minorities Group took place in Jan 1969 in the drawing room of Ian Dunn's parents house in Glasgow, and consisted of only 6 people. The group was officially founded on 9 May 1969 as a self-help organisation working for the rights of homosexual men and women which aimed to provide counselling, work for law reform and provide meeting places for lesbians and gay men. Meetings were initially held in Glasgow; they moved to Edinburgh in August 1969.
During the early 1970s, SMG began to develop its organisation with a central address, a monthly newsletter (SMG News, begun in 1971), an Annual General Meeting, and coordination of the whole by a National Executive Committee. It also organised annual conferences and regular national forums, and established local branches. SMG was involved in campaigning against legal and social discrimination, providing venues for social activities, and running a befriending service. Amongst other things the group organised the Cobweb disco, Scotland's first gay disco, set up the SMG Glasgow and Edinburgh Women's Groups, established the Edinburgh Gay Switchboard, and held the first International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh. In 1977 the Glasgow Gay Centre was opened (it closed in 1982).
In 1978 SMG changed its name to the Scottish Homosexual Rights Group, and the name of the newsletter was changed to Gay Scotland. In 1980, an amendment to the 1980 Criminal Justice (Scotland) Bill partially decriminalised gay sex between men under 21. At its peak, SHRG had 1200 members. SHRG changed its name to Outright Scotland.
This company was established in Edinburgh in 1876 for life and accident insurance, expanding into the United Kingdom market in the 1890s. It shortened its name to the Scottish Metropolitan Assurance Company in 1909. In 1912 it became a subsidiary of London and Scottish Assurance Corporation which was taken over by Northern Assurance Company in 1923. This company became part of Commercial Union Assurance in 1968.
This company of tea growers and manufacturers, operating in Assam, India, 1865-1969, was part of the Inchcape Group of companies.
The East India Company (formally called the Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies (1600-1708) and the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies (1708-1873)), was an English company formed for the exploitation of the spice trade in East and Southeast Asia and India. It was incorporated by Royal Charter in December 1600.
In 1784 the British government instituted standing Commissioners (the Board of Control) in London to exercise superiority over the Company's Indian policies.
In 1868 Scott began a venture, financed initially by his father, that resulted in the shipbuilding partnership of Messrs Scott and Linton of Dumbarton. The company failed the following year, Linton blaming the creditors for preventing the completion of ships under construction, which included the CUTTY SARK.
William Scott joined the Edinburgh Phrenological Society in 1822 and became its president in 1825. The renowned phrenologist George Combe was a relation of his.
Walter Francis Montagu-Douglas-Scott was born in Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland in 1806. He was educated at Eton and at St John's College, Cambridge. He succeeded to the dukedom aged 13, on his father's death. Buccleuch became a member of the Privy Council in 1842 and served as its president in 1846. He was also president of the Society of Antiquaries, during 1862-1873, and of the British Association in 1867. He was a strong supporter of the Conservative party and, as a leading estate-owner, exerted a strong influence over his tenants' political activities.
Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771 in Edinburgh. He was educated at Edinburgh High School, 1779-1783 and Edinburgh University, where he studied arts, 1783-1786 and law, 1789-1792. In 1792 Scott was called to the bar and was appointed sheriff-deputy for the county of Selkirkshire in 1799. In 1806 he became clerk to the Court of Session in Edinburgh. In 1813 Scott became a partner in a printing and publishing business, James Ballantyne & Co. In 1825 the company went bankrupt and Scott found himself personally liable for the payments of debt. The company folded the following year. Scott wrote both prose and poetry. His first works were two translations of German ballads by Bürger published in 1796 and 1799. His two volume work Minstrels of The Scottish Border appeared between 1802-1803. His first novel Waverly was published in 1814. He also contributed to the Edinburgh Review and the Quarterly Review. Scott was created a baronet in 1820, the same year as his novel The Abbot was published. He died at Abbotsford on 21 September 1832.
Born, 1906; GCVO,FRCP; Physician, clinical haematologist; died, 1982.
Born, 1909; Trinity College, Cambridge, 1927-1930; Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Munich; Royal Academy Schools in London; held his first one-man exhibition at Ackermann's Galleries in London, 1933; made his living as a painter of wildfowl, producing his first book, Morning Flight, (Country Life, 1935) followed by Wild Chorus (1938); won a bronze medal in the 1936 Olympic games, for single-handed yachting; Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 1939; founder and honorary director of the Severn Wildfowl Trust, Slimbridge, (later known as the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust) 1946; conducted scientific research in Iceland, 1951 and the Perry River region of northern Canada, 1949; helped to establish the natural history unit at the BBC Television Centre in Bristol; hosted the natural history programme 'Look' for seventeen years; became involved with the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, early 1950s; helped build up the species survival commission of the Union and was chairman, 1962-1981; founded the World Wildlife Fund (later the World Wide Fund for Nature), 1961; rector of Aberdeen University, 1960-1963; appointed Chancellor of Birmingham University, 1974-1983; CH and a fellow of the Royal Society, 1987; died, 1989.
Scott entered the Navy in 1803, was made a lieutenant in 1809 and after service in the Channel, off the African coast and in North America, was promoted to captain in 1828. He commanded the PRESIDENT, flagship, West Indies, 1834 to 1836, and when she was flagship, Pacific, 1836 to 1839. Scott saw no further service after 1841 and was promoted to rear-admiral in 1854, vice-admiral in 1861 and admiral in 1865. He published Recollections of a naval life (London, 1834).
Born, 1874; educated Mercers' and City of London School and University College London; received his clinical training at St Bartholomew's and St Thomas' Hospitals, qualifying MRCS, LRCP in 1897, after which he held the appointments of house-physician at St Thomas' and resident medical officer at Teignmouth, Dawlish and Newton Abbot Infirmary; after taking the London MB in 1900, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps with the South African Field Force during the early days of the Boer War, there he isolated the diphtheria bacillus from veld sores and has the claim of being the first to discover this infection of the skin; stayed in South Africa until 1902, gaining the Queen's Medal with five clasps.
He entered the Colonial Service and in 1910 accepted the appointment of Government bacteriologist and pathologist in Jamaica, where he developed an interest in tropical medical problems; while there he discovered that vomiting sickness was due to poisoning by unripe ackee fruit which he found to be highly toxic and described the cysts of Entamoeba histolytica.
He took the DPH of the Irish Royal Colleges, with honours, in 1913; during World War One he served as pathologist at the Cambridge Hospital, Aldershot, in charge of a mobile laboratory, with the rank of honorary captain in the RAMC; after demobilization he became Milner Research Fellow in comparative pathology at the London School of Tropical Medicine and obtained DTM&H (Cambridge); went to Hong Kong as Government bacteriologist and pathologist where he did valuable work on tuberculosis among the poorer class Chinese and gained a great knowledge of morbid anatomy; returned to England in 1922 and became pathologist to the Zoological Society of London, here he compared his 300 post-mortem studies of fatal human cases in Hong Kong with similar studies of animals dying of tuberculosis in the Zoological Gardens; results published by the Medical Research Council in 1929 and threw new light on the pathology of the disease; also a lecturer on tropical diseases at the Westminster Board and Liverpool University; medical secretary to the Colonial Medical Research Committee, 1928-1930; elected a member of the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1916, and a fellow in 1925; elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1917; KCMG in 1941; Fellow of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in 1911, becoming President 1943-1945; appointed assistant director of the Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical Diseases, 1930, becoming director in 1935, holding the appointment until 1942.
In 1937-38 he delivered the FitzPatrick Lectures before the Royal College of Physicians, discussing the conquest of disease in the Tropics, these lectures formed the basis of his best known work: The History of Tropical Medicine, published in two volumes in 1939.
Captain (later Colonel Sir) Buchanan Scott was born in 1850. A graduate of the Royal Military Academy, he joined the India service in 1871, specialising in railroads and transportation. By 1888 he had risen to the rank of Captain in the Royal Engineers. In this year, he was given two years' special leave of absence by the British Government of India to take up an appointment as general manager of the Mexican Land and Colonization Company Ltd, administering an area of land the size of Scotland. In 1890 he returned to work in India, becoming Senior Mint Master. He died in 1937.
The Mexican Land and Colonization Company was formed in 1889 to purchase the business of the International Company of Mexico, an American company founded in 1885 to develop the Baja California region. Both companies had premises at 48 Finsbury Circus.
Not much is known about the early life of Russell Scott (c. 1873-1961) but it is clear from this collection of papers that whilst at Balliol Collge, Oxford, he was a member of the hockey team and founded the Oxford branch of the Fabian Society. It was at a talk held by the Society that Scott first met George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950). In 1907 he became interested in universal languages and started to learn Esperanto. However between 1908 and 1930 he became somewhat sidetracked by Ido, an offshoot of Esperanto. Scott had a varied career as a language teacher and was the first headmaster of the junior department of Bedales School. In 1912 he emigrated to the United States of America, where he was Professor of French at Vanderbilt University, Tennessee. He returned to England in 1920 and also worked as an examiner for the Oxford and London Examination Boards. During the early part of 1950 he became actively interested in the use of Sprechspur (Speech-Tracing) in Germany for teaching young children to read. It was a phonetic alphabet originally devised by Felix von Kunowski (1868-1943) in 1927. In the same year Scott wrote to Shaw, as he was aware that Shaw had made a provision in his will to provide funds to encourage further research into a universal alphabet. Unfortunately however, Shaw died later that year without naming an alphabet of his choice. Scott spent the next seven years trying to persuade the Public Trustee that the Kunowski alphabet was the only possible choice. In 1955, Scott founded the Phonetic Alphabet Association, as a result of the situation concerning Shaw's will, its aim was to introduce Speech-Tracing into British schools. He was the nephew of C.P Scott of the Manchester Guardian and used this relationship extensively in order to get articles and letters concerning the Sprechspur system published. He also wrote, in Esperanto, an International Language for Scouts which was published in 1952. He was an active promoter of international languages and alphabet reform, contributed funds to the World Federation Movement and was a supporter of World Citizenship, and was also a member of the Simplified Spelling Society. Scott died on the 2nd of January 1961, aged 88.
Born in 1873; nephew of C P Scott of the Manchester Guardian; studied at Balliol College, Oxford University, and founded the Oxford Branch of the Fabian Society; in 1907 began an interest in universal language which would last his whole life, including the active use of the German phonetic alphabet Sprechspur (developed in the 1940s) to teach children to read, the founding of the Phonetic Alphabet Association, and an active promotion of alphabet reform; enjoyed a varied career as a language teacher; first Headmaster, Junior Department, Bedales School; emigrated to the USA, 1912; Professor of French, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee; returned to the UK, 1920; worked as an examiner for the Oxford and London Examining Boards; active federalist, including membership of the Federal Union and the World Federation Movement; died 1961.
Born, 1868; education, Exmouth House School, Stoke Damerel, and Stubbington House, Fareham, 1879, to be crammed for the Royal Navy; joined the training ship HMS BRITANNIA, 1881; passed out in 1883; served in turn aboard the BOADICEA, the MONARCH, and the ROVER, 1883-1887; Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1887-1888; sub-lieutenant in the SPIDE; posted to the DAPHNE and then to the AMPHION for service on the Pacific station at Esquimalt, British Columbia, 1889; returned to England to serve briefly on the CAROLINE in the Mediterranean, 1891; transferred to the VERNON (shore establishment) to specialise in torpedo work; qualified as torpedo lieutenant, first class, and was appointed to the VULCAN, 1893; 1895 to 1896 Scott served in the torpedo school Defiance, 1895-1896, the battleship EMPRESS OF INDIA, 1896-1897 and the MAJESTIC; appointed commander of the British National Antarctic expedition, 1900; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1900-1913; British National Antarctic expedition, 1901-1904; patron's gold medal, Royal Geographical Society, 1904; returned to active service, commanding in turn the VICTORIOUS, 1906, the ALBEMARLE, 1907, the ESSEX, 1908, and the BULWARK, 1909; naval assistant to the Second Sea Lord, 1909; British Antarctic expedition, 1910-1912; died, 1912.
Publications: The Voyage of the 'Discovery' (1905)
Marion Margaret Scott, born London, 16 Jul 1877; studied violin at the Royal College of Music, 1896-1904; published poetry as Violin verses (Walter Scott, London, 1905); composed music and led her own string quartet; organised concerts of British chamber music, 1900-1920; founded with Gertrude Eaton and Katharine Eggar the Society of Women Musicians, 1911, and served as its President, 1915-1916; published edition of Haydn's Quartet Opus 1 no 1 (Oxford University Press. 1931); published Beethoven, (J M Dent, London, 1934); published editions of songs of Ivor Gurney, 1938, 1952; wrote numerous articles on the life and works of Joseph Haydn; died London, 24 Dec 1953.
Dr Marcus Maurice Scott, was a GP of Newington Causeway and later Herne Hill.Born, 1900; studied at the Welsh National School of Medicine, Cardiff (graduated B.Sc) and then University College London, qualified 1927; set up in general practice at 24 Newington Causeway, Southwark, London SE1, 1929; member of the Society of Occupational Medicine and the Association of Factory Certifying Surgeons, and was appointed factory doctor for Southwark; Medical adviser to a number of local firms, the local Treasury and Civil Service Medical Officer, and police surgeon; joined the St John Ambulance Brigade in 1931 and eventually became surgeon-in-chief, 1966; awarded the CBE for work with St John and civil defence during Second World War, 1971; died, 1978.
Born in Walsall (Staffordshire), 1858; studied at Cheshunt College (Cambridge), 1878-1883; appointed London Missionary Society (LMS) missionary to New Guinea; ordained, married Mary Todhunter (d 1952), and sailed to New Guinea, 1883; settled at Murray Island, Torres Straits; withdrew from the New Guinea mission owing to ill health, 1886; returned to England, 1887; pastor at the Countess of Huntingdon's Crozens Chapel, Hereford, 1889-1892; became Assistant District Secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) for the North Metropolitan Area, 1892; Assistant to the Honorary Home Secretary, BFBS, 1894; retired and settled at Shanklin (Isle of Wight), 1915; died in Croydon (Surrey), 1937. Publication: with Samuel McFarlane, published a translation of the Gospels of Mark and John into the Murray Island (Mer) language, Euangelia Mareko ... (Sydney, 1885), with appendix including the catechism and forms for the marriage and burial services.
The North China and Shantung Mission, originally the Church of England North China Mission, was established by anonymous donation in 1872. Several generations of Scott family members served with the Mission, including the Rev. C.P. Scott (1872-1927) and the Rev. P. M. Scott (1909-1931).
The first two missionaries to be sent to the Church of England North China Mission were Rev. Charles Perry Scott and Rev. M. Greenwood. C. P. Scott , born in 1847 and ordained in 1871, had previously served as curate of St. Peter's, Eaton Square. This was the beginning of a long association between the Mission and that parish. The help given to the Chinese during the severe famine of 1878-1879 placed the Mission on a secure footing, and C. P. Scott was made Bishop of North China, a new diocese, in 1880. The Mission, covering parts of Shansi and the Mongolian border, continued under the auspices of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts and was manned by a few European missionaries and a number of Chinese converts. Three missionaries were killed during the Boxer uprising of 1900. The Diocese was divided again in 1903, with North China acquiring the province of Sheng-king and the new diocese of Shantung being created. Around the same time the Mission's name was changed from the North China Mission to the North China and Shantung Mission. C. P. Scott died shortly after his retirement in 1927.
Rev. Francis John Griffith was born around 1870. He and his wife arrived in China in 1894, where he was ordained in 1896. They worked in Tai-an-fu, the oldest station in the mission, under Bishop Geoffrey D. Iliff of Shantung and later under the same bishop at Yenchowfu. He served as chaplain to the British troops in North China in 1900 and carried out further war work during the Great War, arranging the movement of Chinese auxiliary forces to France. He retired in 1934 but died shortly afterwards on 5 May 1934.
Rev. Percy Melville Scott, the son of Canon S. G. Scott, was born around 1877, and educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. After his ordination in 1903, he worked in Southampton and Leeds, before leaving for China. He and his wife Winifred arrived in China in 1909, accompanied by his cousin Charles Wilfred Scott and his wife May. They were stationed in Peking under C. P. Scott's successor, Bishop F. L. Norris. P. M. Scott's longest posting in China was in Tatung Fu (1923-1931). He was involved in the siege of Tatung Fu by the Kuominchun forces in 1926, and went at the request of the city elders on a peace mission to the Kuominchun, which ultimately proved unsuccessful. The Mosse Memorial Hospital, linked with the Mission, was severely damaged in the conflict. P. M. Scott returned to England in 1931, serving as vicar of several parishes before his death around 1950.
Maurice Woodforde Scott, the son of P. M. Scott, was born in Peking in 1912. After returning to England for his education at Marlborough and at St. Edmund's College, Oxford, he joined the firm of Butterfield & Swire and was posted to Shanghai and Hong Kong (1934-1937). Whilst there, he was involved in the Scouting movement. After the war he enrolled in Wells Theological College and was ordained in 1949. His ecclesiastical career was based entirely in England, and he was made Honorary Canon of Winchester Cathedral in 1975 until his partial retirement in 1980. He died in 1983.
Further reading: D MacGillivray, A Century of Protestant Missions in China 1807-1907 (Shanghai, 1907).
Amelia (Millie) Scott (1860-1952) was born to Syms Scott and Ellen Nicholls on 16 Jan 1860. She spent much of her later childhood living with her aunt, and grandmother (both called Amelia Nicholls) following the death of her father in 1870, as her mother was unable to support six children. Amelia Scott and her three sisters all remained unmarried and Amelia and her sister Louise lived together in Tunbridge Wells for many years. Their background was one of a middle class family who were not quite as affluent as they once had been. Amelia Scott was involved in several organisations such as the Tunbridge Wells branch of the National Council of Women (originally called the National Union of Women Workers), which she established in May 1895. She was a member of this organisation for thirty-five years, serving as its honorary secretary. She worked as Treasurer for the Tunbridge Wells branch of the Women Citizens' Association and as an honorary secretary and Chair for the Leisure Hours Club - an association set up for working girls. She was also involved with the Tunbridge Wells branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, serving as vice president, and the Christian Social Union. Between 1918-1924 Amelia served on the Legal sub committee of the National Council for the Unmarried Mother and her Child. She also served on the Provisional Executive Committee of this organisation by representing the National Council of Women. Amelia Scott was also a Poor Law Guardian for many years, Chair of the Infant Life Protection Committee, Member of the Kent County Mental Deficiency Committee and Director of the Women's Common Lodging House Company, Tunbridge Wells. Amelia Scott was the author of 'Women of Sacred History', a study concerned with the women of the bible and 'Passing of a Great Dread', a history of the poor law as well as writing a number of articles, pamphlets and speeches for the organisations she was involved in. She died in 1952.
Scott was ordained in 1792 and from 1793 served as a chaplain in the Navy. His competence in French, Spanish and Italian was of special use in the Mediterranean. In 1803 Nelson persuaded Scott to go with him to the Mediterranean. Although he was officially chaplain of the VICTORY, he was also able to render efficient service as a private secretary and interpreter. He continued with Nelson on this footing until Trafalgar. Scott afterwards was Vicar of Southampton and in 1816 was presented to the Crown living of Catterick.
See Alfred and Margaret Catty, 'Recollections of the Life of the Rev. A.J. Scott DD, Lord Nelson's chaplain' (London, 1842).
The church was established at Founders' Hall in the City of London before 1665, moving in 1764 to London Wall. In 1843 the congregation became part of the Presbyterian Church, moving again in 1856 to a new building in Canonbury. In 1935 this community merged with the Highbury Presbyterian Church. The Highbury church was destroyed by enemy action in World War Two, and in 1944 the church was dissolved.
Dr Robert Young (1777-1813) was a minister at the Scots Church, 1803-13.
The church was established at Founders' Hall in the City of London before 1665, moving in 1764 to London Wall. In 1843 the congregation became part of the newly established Presbyterian Church, moving again to a new building in Canonbury. In 1935 this community merged with the Highbury Presbyterian Church. The Highbury Church was destroyed by enemy action in World War Two, and in 1944 the church was dissolved.
The Standing Conference of National and University Libraries (SCONUL) became an incorporated body in 1978. The Slavonic and East European Group (SEEG), at that time a special interest group of SCONUL became an advisory committee, the Advisory Committee on Slavonic and East European Materials (ACOSEEM). These papers are the gift of Dr J E O Screen, the Librarian of the University of London School of Slavonic and East European Studies (1972-1998). He was Chairman of SEEG/ACOSEEM 1975-1980 and was also a committee member.
William Scoffin was Captain of the Arctic Whaler Duncombe.
Science and art evening classes began in Kingston-upon-Thames in c1875, forming part of late 19th-century developments in the provision of technical and design education. The classes were funded by private subscriptions, with further funds from the School Board, Surrey and Kingston Councils, and the Science and Art Department at South Kensington (part of the Board of Trade). In the session 1878-1879, taking place in the National School, Wood Street, classes included drawing and, in science, geometry, building construction, physiology, chemistry, and physics. These technical and design classes became known as the Fife Road 'Polytechnic', which had additional funds from taxation including funds resulting from the Local Taxation (Customs and Excise) Act 1890 ('whisky money') and the penny rate of 1889. This in turn evolved to form the Science, Art and Technical Institute, St James's Road, in 1899. In 1902 Surrey County Council assumed full responsibility. College status was granted by the Board of Education in 1926. In 1930 the Technical College and School of Art were divided, the latter moving to Knights Park in 1939.
Advanced qualifications included external University of London degrees. Later degree qualifications, in subjects such as technology and design, were subject to external validation by outside bodies, for instance the National Council for Technological Awards (known as the Hives Committee). There was a particular association between the aviation industry in Kingston and its environs and Kingston Technical College, which secured the first Technical College degree course (Dip Tech) in aeronautical engineering in 1957. Other such courses in science and engineering subjects - based on the sandwich principle, which balanced industrial training and college education - followed. The College was also to develop courses in commercial fields such as accountancy, banking, economics and management.
In 1962 Kingston Technical College was split, with Kingston College of Technology having responsibility for advanced courses, and non-advanced courses the responsibility of the newly-formed Kingston College of Further Education. Kingston Art College took on the role of an advanced centre for art and design, with responsibility for non-advanced art and design courses passing to other colleges in Surrey. The College developed expertise in such fields as fashion and graphic design.
The 1960s was a period of growth for higher education, exemplified by the Robbins Committee Report of 1963, which advocated the extension of advanced education to greater numbers. The National Council for Technological Awards was replaced in 1965 by the Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA), which validated degrees from non-university institutions. In 1965 Kingston College of Technology and Kingston College of Art (renamed in 1965) became the responsibility of the Local Education Authority of the new Royal Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames. Kingston was among the 30 institutions chosen by the government in 1966 to provide advanced polytechnic education (under the White Paper, 'A Plan for Polytechnics and Other Colleges', Cmd 3006), and as a result the Technical College and Art College joined to form Kingston Polytechnic on 1 January 1970, with a new governing body and administrative structure. Its new identity was recognised at a designation ceremony in March 1970. The Academic Board re-shaped the structure, substituting Schools for each disciplinary field in place of the former departments. Academically the emphasis shifted from London University degrees to CNAA degrees, in subjects in which the institution already specialised. In 1971 the Polytechnic was invited to become a regional centre co-ordinating management education and consultancy, and the resulting Kingston Regional Management Centre was located at New Malden.
The site at Penrhyn Road (first acquired in 1950, where buildings were subsequently erected for Kingston College of Further Education) was transferred in 1962 to Kingston College of Technology, which made further additions. Extensions were made to Knights Park in 1961 and 1968 and a tower block constructed at Penrhyn Road in 1969. The old Hawker factory at Canbury Park (acquired in 1967) was adapted to use for engineering courses. The Penrhyn Road, Canbury Park and Knights Park sites were inherited by the Polytechnic. Pressure on accommodation after its formation led to the construction of new buildings at Knights Park, completed in 1978. The Polytechnic acquired the premises of Gipsy Hill College of Education at Kingston Hill following its absorption in 1975. The Polytechnic opened sporting facilities at Tolworth (1974) and acquired premises for student residences at Clayhill (1973) and Kingsmead (1974).
Under the Higher and Further Education Act (1992), which created a single funding council, the Higher Education Funding Council, for England and abolished the remaining distinctions between polytechnics and universities, allowing the former to grant their own degrees, Kingston Polytechnic became Kingston University.
In 2002 Kingston University had four sites, at Kingston Hill, Knights Park, Penrhyn Road, and Roehampton Vale, and c14,500 students.
For further information see the published history Kingston Polytechnic (1980).
Born Hanover, 1887; attended the Akademie der Künste, Dresden, 1909-1914; began military service, 1914; studied architecture at the Technische Hochschule, Hanover; influened by Kandinsky and the Dadaists began to experiment with abstract pictures in 1918 using collages, one piece had the letters MERZ and he subsequently described his assemblages as Merz; first exhibition, 1918; began his first Merzbau, a huge construction nearly filling a house (destroyed 1943); participated in the Weimar Dada Congress, 1922; edited Merz magazine, 1923-1932; first performance of Ur-Sonata, non-semantic sound collage, 1924; worked as a commercial designer and typographer for several companies, 1920s; a founder of 'circle of new commercial designers', 1927; member of Abstraction-Création, 1932; emigrated to Norway, 1937; made his second Merzbau (destroyed 1951); escaped Norway to Britain, 1940; began a third Merzbau at Ambleside, Cumbria (unfinished and moved to Newcastle University, 1965); died, 1948.
Publications include: Die Blume Anna. Die neue Anna Blume. Eine Gedichtsammlung aus den Jahren 1918-1922 (Berlin, [1923]); Merz FOLIO poems translated by Jerome Rothenburg and Pierre Joris (Morning Star Publications, Edinburgh, 1991); Die Scheuche. Märchen. typographisch gestaltet with Käte Steinitz (1975) facsimile reprint of Hannover, Aposs-Verlag, 1925.