Mostrando 15888 resultados

Top Star Taverns Limited was incorporated in 1970. Whitbread Flowers Limited was the major shareholder (51%) with the remaining shares being held by Tuckwell Inns Limited, Leicester. Tuckwell were responsible for the management of the public houses the Company owned.

These houses included: Lemon and Parker, Gloucester Travellers Rest, Ross-on-Wye Lady Godiva, Coventry Bear and Ragged Staff, Kenilworth The Cuty Arms, Earlsden The Anchor Tavern, Stratford-on-Avon Grove House, Swindon The Swinging Plaice, Gloucester and The Kings Head, Hereford.

In February 1973 Whitbread Flowers Limited purchased the remaining shares from Tuckwell Inns Limited as part of the reorganisation of the retail operations of the Western Region of Whitbread and Company Limited. Top Star Taverns Limited ceased trade from this point. The Company entered liquidation in March 1974 (liqudator: Alec E Baldwin of Whitbread Flowers Limited), held its final meeting in December 1974 and was officially dissolved on 18 March 1975.

The Council was based at 100c Queen Victoria Street, City of London. It organised major demonstrations and distributed handbills protesting against Nazi persecution in Germany, particularly of Jewish people. In 1935 the Council's major resolution was to promote an economic boycott on German business 'until complete civil and religious liberty have been restored in Germany'.

According to The Times of Monday, Oct 28, 1935, page 16, the demonstration in Hyde Park in October 1935 attracted over 20,000 people. The event had 6 platforms at Speaker's Corner with a number of key political and religious speakers including Eleanor Florence Rathbone, campaigning suffragette and politician.

Samuel Robinson, surveyor, was active circa 1741 and based at Cockhill, Shadwell. The plan in this collection relating to Saint Dunstan and All Saints church, Stepney states that he 'surveys land and buildings, draws out plans and maps of estates, and carefully calculates all sorts of measurements' (LMA/4458/01/001).

For a history of Stratford Abbey, West Ham, see 'West Ham: Stratford Abbey', A History of the County of Essex: Volume 6 (1973), pp. 112-114 (available online).

The Victorian Society was founded in 1958 to raise awareness and promote preservation of architecture and design created between 1843 and 1914. At the time of its foundation, property developers, architects and widespread public opinion viewed Victorian design as ugly and it was swept aside in favour of Modernism. The Society was keen to preserve the finest examples of Victorian design but in order to do so, needed to devise standards for selecting the best. Early members included H S Goodhart-Rendel, John Betjeman, Christopher Hussey, John Brandon-Jones, Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Nikolaus Pevsner and the Society's first chairman was architect and town planner Lionel Brett, 4th Viscount Esher.

The original objects of the Society were to:

• draw attention to the merits and significance of the best of Victorian and Edwardian architecture, design crafts and decoration,

  • encourage the study of these, and that of related social history,
  • provide a point of contact for scholars of the period and to compile a register of research,
  • help to form a basis of aesthetic discrimination,
  • prevent the needless destruction of important Victorian and Edwardian buildings, and of their contents,
  • co-operate with the Ministry of Housing in the listing and protection of Victorian and Edwardian buildings of architectural and historic value,
  • make representations to local authorities and to give evidence at public enquiries.

  The Society's regular income consisted primarily of subscriptions from members. Benefits provided to members included town walks, building visits, Victorian-themed parties, conferences, lectures, and The Victorian, a triennial magazine. Early promotional activities included organising an exhibition of Victorian paintings in 1961 and cooperating in a conference in 1964 about the challenges facing the preservation and use of Victorian churches.

  The Society is subdivided into regional branches to focus on surveying buildings outside London. Initially, these were Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham groups but by 2004, there were a further five: Leicester, Great Eastern, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and South Wales. The Society was governed by a Council who were advised by a separate Committee. A series of sub committees were responsible for managing the day to day running of the Society.

  The Buildings Sub-Committee is responsible for assessing the value of Victorian buildings when listed building consent affecting them is sought from local planning authorities. On the basis of this evaluation, it makes its views known to planning authorities, developers and English Heritage. The Society will provide evidence to public inquiries held relating to Victorian and Edwardian buildings. On occasions, it has mounted active campaigns to protect buildings of special significance. An early example was the 'Save the Arch' campaign to prevent the demolition of the arch at Euston railway station. Other notable campaigns focused on the restoration of the Albert Memorial and the replacement of a Pugin stained glass window in Sherburne Abbey.

  The Victorian Society began managing Linley Sambourne House in Stafford Terrace, London as a museum in Autumn 1980. The house, built in the 1870s, was formerly the home of Anne, Countess of Rosse (nee Messell) and was where, at a party in 1957, Anne proposed setting up a Victorian society. She sold the house and its contents to the Greater London Council in 1980. The museum is now operated by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

  The Society's offices have previously been at 55 Great Ormond Street, London WC1 and 29 Exhibition Road, London SW7. They are currently at 1 Priory Gardens, Bedford Park, London W4.

Lionel and Pansy were close friends of Eric and Jessica Huntley of Bogle-L'Ouverture. Lionel Aloric Jeffrey born in Guyana 9 January 1926, died 31 October 1993. Parents were Marie and Charles Jeffrey; wife, Pansy Jeffrey.

He came to England in 1947 to study Economics and Law at Oxford University. He was elected Vice-President of the West Indies Students Union and later President of the overseas federation of students unions in England.

On 29 December 1951, in London, he married Pansy Cummings, daughter of a school teacher from Berbice, Guyana. They had a daughter, Chinyere and two sons, Andreas and Howard.

He was active in the Anti-Colonial struggle in the Caribbean and during this period he worked closely with Cheddi Jagan, Eusi Kawana and Martin Carter.

He returned to Guyana in 1953 when British troops invaded and deposed the elected Peoples Progressive Party. He became Acting Secretary of the Party after Janet Jagan was imprisoned, and was a regular contributor to the publications the Mirror and Thunder.

In 1956 he returned to England to continue his studies. Lionel continued his work in the Labour Movement and was General Secretary and President of the Caribbean Labour Solidarity group. His Socialism was strengthened with the arrival of Guyanese John and Irma LaRose, Eric and Jessica Huntley, Cleston Taylor and Peter Blackman. They formed the nucleus of the West Indian Communist Party. He allied himself to all the progressive groups concerned with Caribbean politics and was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain. He worked to increase education and other opportunities available to minorities living in the London Borough of Islington and was a member of Islington Council's Race Equality Committee for many years.

He was involved in the following organisations:
Caribbean Labour Solidarity
Caribbean Labour Congress
The Community Education Trust
Islington 18
The West Indian Citizens Association, (WICA)
The Islington Multi-Cultural Education Project
Islington Race Equality Unit
Islington Multi-Cultural Education Project
Greater London Council's Ethnic Minorities Committee
North Islington Law Centre

In 1974 he was President of the Caribbean Labour Solidarity group and a member of the Caribbean Labour Congress.

The Community Education Trust:
In 1974 Lionel, Pansy Jeffrey and colleagues founded the Community Education Trust (CET), based in Manor Gardens, Holloway, Islington LB. It began with evening classes and lectures for people to learn about Caribbean politics and was sponsored initially by Lord Pitt and Bishop Wood of Croydon. In the 1970s and 1980s the Trust developed multi-cultural education courses. The Trustees were Sir Hugh Springer, KCMG, CBE, the Right Reverend Wilfred Wood, the Chairman was George Lamming and Lionel the Executive Secretary.

In 1980 he formed the "Islington 18" in order to help the eighteen black youths arrested after riots at Notting Hill Carnival.

In 1981 the West Indian Citizens Association (WICA) was set up by members of the Community Education Trust in whose premises it was housed. The intention of this group was to lend their facilities and structure to people of West Indian origin in Islington, to create and develop a community organisation to serve the interests of Afro-Caribbean people in the borough.

The Association grew and in June 1981 they started a Senior Citizens Lunch Club which became the forerunner for providing a variety of services for black senior citizens.

In 1985 Lionel became overall director of the Multi-Cultural Education Project in Islington. They developed multi-cultural and anti-racist teaching packs for schools. The project also designed a Caribbean exchange programme whereby 26 third year pupils from Islington secondary schools participated in special workshops and activities and visited and lived with families in Barbados. In 1986 exchange students from Barbados visited London and attended local secondary schools in Islington.

1992 he became a Consultant for the Islington Race Equality Unit. He worked with Islington Council and the Inner London Education Authority to develop their race relations policy and helped establish a race relations unit in Islington with Richard Crowson. He was Chairman of Islington Council's Ethnic Minorities Committee and a member of the Greater London Council's Ethnic Minorities Committee. He worked at the City Literary Institute ('City Lit') in Holborn, Camden LB with George Lamming and Richard Hart and he was a committee member of the North Islington Law Centre with Bil Nash.

The Lionel Jeffrey Nubian Centre
In 1995 the Islington Council Race Equality and Community Affairs Committee named a community centre after him. The Centre was based at 48 Seven Sisters Road, Islington LB. The aims of the centre include the advancement of education and training that would allow users to continue to play a constructive role in society and the promotion of the rights of women. Lionel died 31 October, 1993.

Pansy Jeffrey joined the Family Welfare Association Department of the Kensington and Chelsea Citizen's Advice Bureau (CAB) and was appointed to the post of the West Indian Social Worker in 1959. She was a Justice of the Peace and served at Horseferry Magistrates Court. In her capacity at the Bureau she helped create organisations for the improvement of housing, education and social conditions for West Indians and other immigrant groups in North Kensington. She was a member of groups which shared her concerns. These included
1960 West Indian Mother Club
1968 College Park School Managing Body
1970 House of Commons Working Group on Education
1970 West London Fair Housing Group Limited
1973 Berbice Co-ownership Housing Association Limited
1974 Community Education Trust
1979 North Kensington Family Centre Committee
1981 Pepper Pot Club.
She was on the management committee of North Kensington Neighbourhood Law Centre. She gave talks about the West Indian community in Notting Hill, London and in the Caribbean.

The origins of HM Young Offender Institute, Feltham can be traced back to 1854 when the erection of a reformatory school was first proposed by the Justices of the County of Middlesex. After the passing of the Industrial Schools Act of 1857, magistrates were empowered to sentence children aged between 7 and 14 to industrial schools. The Middlesex Industrial School, Feltham was built within the parish of Bedfont and opened on 1 January 1859. The school passed into the control of the London County Council in April 1889 and eventually closed in August 1909.

The premises then came under the control of the Prison Commissioners. Feltham Borstal Institution opened on 7 October 1910 when 23 boys were transferred from Borstal Institution at Borstal, Kent.

Feltham operated based on the Borstal model. Boys from the age of 16 to 21 who were taken into custody were either sent to Borstal training for 3 years, or to Boys' prison, where sentences were for a lesser period. Those who demonstrated criminal tendencies and in need of reform were sent to Borstal training. Training included instruction in trades, education, physical fitness and work. Good conduct could secure an early release on licence.

In September 1939, Feltham absorbed prisoners from the Boys' Prison at Wormwood Scrubs. This included boys awaiting trial, boy prisoners and those awaiting allocation to Borstal. In 1942, the remand centre moved back to Wormwood Scrubs but the Borstal Reception Centre and the Boys' prison remained at Feltham. In early 1945, the reception centre also went back to Wormwood Scrubs. By April 1946, the Boys' Prison at Feltham ceased to exist and Feltham reverted to being solely a Borstal.

In the early 1970s it was recognised that the buildings were inadequate and designs for a new institute were made incorporating a new remand centre to replace nearby Ashford. The new Feltham was opened in August 1983, although the merger was delayed. HM Young Offender Institution and Remand Centre Feltham was formed by the amalgamation of Ashford Remand Centre and Feltham Borstal in 1991.

Manufacturers of chutneys, pickles, marmalades, jams, vinegars, piccalillis, canned goods and related products.

Previously known as West and Wyatt and founded in 1706, the company originally traded as oilmen at 11 King Street, Soho, Westminster. In 1829 Wyatt retired and the firm was purchased for £600 in 1830 by Edmund Crosse (1804-1862) and Thomas Blackwell (1804-1879) (who had entered the firm as apprentices in 1819) despite objections from the Blackwell family using funds from the sale of farms at Bushey.

The firm's name changed to Crosse and Blackwell in 1838 and was later incorporated in 1892. In 1837 the firm received royal appointment. Capital increased to £25,000 in 1844 and to seven and a quarter million pounds in 1928 where the decision was taken to decrease the amount by half. Medals were awarded at Vienna Universal Exhibition in 1873. The firm also exhibited at the Empire Exhibition, Wembley in 1924.

The firm acquired several companies including: Gamble and Son (1864), E Lazenby and Son Limited (1919), James Keiller and Son Limited (1919), Alexander Cairns and Sons of Paisley, Scotland (1920); British Vinegars Limited (1982) and was associated with Allards Wharf Limited.

PREMISES:

Crosse and Blackwell acquired 21 Soho Square, Soho, Westminster in 1838 (and moved there in 1839 where they remained until 1925). The original factory remained at the King Street premises after 1839. In 1844 'a great fire' took place at the rear of the Soho Square premises.

Further premises acquired included Dean Street (1840), Denmark Street (1851), George Yard (1859), Falconberg factory (1860), with extension to 21 Soho Square developed at 20 Soho Square (Falconberg House), Victoria Wharf, Thames Street, City of London (1862); a Vinegar Brewery at Caledonian Road (1876); Stacey Street acquired in 1876 for factory for Export Pickles (1878) which was later converted for manufacture of Candied Peel (1884); Soho Wharf, Belvedere Road at the south end of Westminster Bridge was established for Export Pickles (1884) and later sold to London County Council for £100,00 for County Hall in 1906; Charing Cross Road premises built (1887); Victoria Wharf, Millwall for Imports (1888); Imperial Wharf, Nine Elms Lane, Battersea built (1907); Collingwood Street, Bethnal Green (1916); Branston factory acquired with cottages (1920).

By 1920 premises included: Soho Square, Charing Cross Road, Brewery Road, Islington; Imperial Wharf, Battersea; Victoria Wharf, Millwall; Tay Wharf, Silvertown; Broad Street, Ratcliff; Albert Square, Dundee; East Dock Street, Maryfield, Dundee; Wisbech; Blairgowie; Sittingbourne; Faversham, Surrey; Paisley; Farleigh; Peterhead; Cork.

During the 1920s the following changes occurred: Rock House, Burton acquired (1921); 112 Charing Cross Road (1921); move to Branston in circa 1921 and move back in 1924; demolition of 20 Soho Square (1924); new factory erected at Crimscott Street (1924); showroom at Eastcheap, City of London (1924); offices were all housed at 21 Soho Square (1924)

OVERSEAS:

A Provision Factory was established at Morrison's Quay, Cork, Ireland in 1864 initially specialised in the canning of salmon from the Shannon. A new warehouse was built at Morrison's Quay in 1902. In 1927 sales in United States of America were supported by the foundation of Crosse and Blackwell Company, Baltimore where factories were built. Allied companies were established in Cape Town, South Africa, as Crosse and Blackwell (South Africa) Limited (1930), and Australia (1958) with factories in Pakenham, Melbourne and Sydney.

STAFF:

In 1832 the chef Qualliotti was working for the company. E & T Pink at Staple Street, Borough (1904); Works Manager at Soho Square: H W Bell (1920) Works Manager at Branston: T H Mattinson (1920); Company Secretary: J Ashton Burton (1920); Chief Engineer: Rollo Appleyard (1920); Frank Blackwell retired from active management (1921); Bernard Lazenby in charge of all manufacturing (1924); Crimscott Street manager: Mr Gray (1924); Silvertown manager: Mr Denholm (1924); Sunrise Preserving formed (1928).

A Sports Club was established and had a site at The Square Sports Field, Pinner (1920).

POST-1960:

The company and all the shares of Crosse and Blackwell (Holdings) Limited were purchased by Nestlé in 1960. This brought to Nestlé Group 11 factories (6 in United Kingdom). In 1960 Crosse and Blackwell Group's head office was Soho Square, Westminster; with factories at Crimscott Street, Bermondsey and Silvertown, London; Peterhead, Scotland; Albert Square and Maryfield, Dundee, Scotland (two factories of subsidiary James Keiller and Son Limited) and Stenhousemuir, Edinburgh, Scotland (factory of A McCowan and Sons Limited, a subsidiary of James Keiller and Son Limited).

Crosse and Blackwell was divested in 2002 by Nestlé and the brand divided between Premier International Foods, in Europe and The J.M. Smucker Company, in North America.

On July 7th 2005 a series of co-ordinated terrorist attacks hit London. Suicide bombers detonated devices on tube trains at Aldgate, Edgware Road, between Kings Cross and Russell Square and on the Number 30 bus at Tavistock Square. 52 people were killed, and hundreds more injured.

New River Action Group was established in 1986 to protect, conserve and preserve for the benefit of the public and New River, its immediate environs, associated reservoirs and filter beds and fauna and flora. It is composed of member organisations with London wide and local interests in the New River, and of individual Friends of New River.

In the sixteenth century it became apparent that there was not enough fresh water for the capital's fast growing population. In 1606 a Bill was passed in the House of Lords to cut a new river to bring water to London from Chadwell and Amwell in Hertfordshire. A second act allowing them to use a tunnel to convey the water was passed in 1607. In March 1609 the powers and obligations of these two Acts were passed to Hugh Myddelton a Merchant Adventurer and Goldsmith who was also an Alderman of Denbigh (Wales) and had engineering experience in the form of coal mining. Edward Wright a famous mathematician was employed to survey and direct the course of the river. The plan was met with much opposition as various members of the House of Commons feared the value of their lands would be decreased by flooding and a Bill was introduced to repeal to two Acts. In the meantime the project was running over time and budget. The city granted Myddleton an extension and King James I agreed to provide half the cost of the work in return for half of the profits. The work was officially completed 29 September 1613. The original length of the New river was 38.8 miles, but the distance in a straight line is nearer 20 miles.

The League of Jewish Women was founded in 1943 to provide help to both the Jewish and wider communities. It was established as a non-political, non-fund raising voluntary welfare organisation. League members were organised into local groups. The groups were mostly centred on London but there were some elsewhere, for example around Manchester, the first Manchester group being established in 1944.

The help that the League offered was in the form of voluntary work, ranging from hospital and home visiting to working in prisons and running day centres for older people. Through Head Office committees, provision was also made for education and training in various skills. In the early 1950s, an attempt was made to raise the League's profile through the formation of a Publicity Committee. By the time of the League's 25th anniversary in 1968 an in-house magazine, "Around the League" had been launched and in 1970 charitable status was granted.

The League became affiliated to national organisations such as the Women's National Commission. In addition, the League was the UK affiliate of the International Council of Jewish Women. In this capacity the League took part in, and occasionally helped organise, international conferences. The League's own tri-annual conference had first taken place in Bournemouth in 1975.

The Morgan Owen medal is the insurance world's most prestigious essay prize. The silver gilt medal and award of up to £2,000 is offered for the best essay entered by a Fellow or Associate of the Chartered Insurance Institute. The competition is run annually.

On the 29th June 1936, Molins Machine Company Limited and its subsidiary company, The Thrissell Engineering Company Limited, established The Molins Pension Fund for their male Staff Employees.

History of Molins from their website (accessed Oct 2009): "Molins history has been one of leadership in world markets through inspired innovation, precision engineering of great quality and the highest standards of customer service. The company had its beginnings in Cuba. Jose S Molins began making cigars and hand rolling cigarettes in Havana in 1874. He then moved to America, and moved again to London. In 1911 his two sons, Harold and Walter, devised a machine that could make almost any kind of packet from cigarette packs to large cartons for tea. The Molins Machine Company was founded in 1912. In 1924 the first cigarette maker (the Mark 1) was patented and by 1928 was running at 1,000 cigarettes per minute. Also in 1928 the Thrissell Engineering company (later to become Masson Scott Thrissell) was acquired. In 1931 the Company opened a site in Richmond, Virginia, in the heart of the US tobacco industry."

"During the Second World War the company focused on armaments, following which Molins was awarded the Medal of Freedom by the President of the United States. The business boomed in the post war years and in 1950 the Saunderton site, near High Wycombe, was opened."

"The 1950s saw the introduction of the hinge-lid pack, which was originally invented and patented by Walter's son, Desmond Molins, in 1937. The hinge-lid pack was a major step forward from the previous soft packs, which allowed cigarettes to be damaged, and was used by Philip Morris in 1954 to relaunch the Marlboro brand: it was instantly successful and Marlboro sales increased 50 fold. Molins started to expand overseas with the first agent for the Far East in Hong Kong, a factory in Behala near Calcutta and in 1960 a factory in Sao Paolo, Brazil."

"The 1970s were a period of diversification. The company acquired the Langston Corporation in 1974, a manufacturer of corrugated board machinery. By combining Langston with Masson Scott Thrissel, the Molins group became a major supplier of corrugating and paper converting machinery. This business was subsequently divested in 1998."

"In July 1976, the company was listed on the London Stock Exchange. The 1980s, however, were a difficult time for the group. No longer a private company and with a high sales and achievement record, Molins proved to be an attractive proposition for speculative "corporate raiders". This period saw many senior management changes and a series of battles to fight off predatory take-over bids. The company emerged stronger and more focused. The mid-1990s saw a period of acquisition, spurred on by the excellent profitability of the Tobacco Machinery division. The company began a strategy of developing a packaging machinery business by organic growth and by acquisition. In November 1994, Sandiacre Packaging Machinery Ltd., a leading manufacturer of vertical from fill and seal equipment, based in Nottingham, was purchased. The business of Rose Forgrove, which was acquired in 2001, was integrated into Sandiacre's Nottingham facility. Sandiacre Rose Forgrove was subsequently sold in 2006. Molins ITCM, an R and D centre originally established in Coventry in 1985 to aid the existing businesses develop new products, began to develop its own products with the introduction of the pyramid tea bag machinery, which was followed by the rapid introduction of a number of tea bag machines for Unilever. In October 1996 family firms H.J. Langen of Toronto, Canada and its sister company Langenpac N.V. of the Netherlands were acquired by Molins. For half a century Langen has supplied machinery for cartoning, case packing and palletising, now including robotic top load applications, for a diverse range of consumer products, pioneering packaging solutions for a variety of household brand names."

"The late 1990s saw the group significantly reorganise its tobacco machinery business, following a major reduction in demand for original equipment. The division re-established a strong emphasis on the servicing and support of its customer base. As part of its drive towards being a more efficient organisation, a business in Plzen, Czech Republic, was purchased in 2000 to manufacture and assemble tobacco machinery parts and machines."

"In 2000 Molins made a significant strategic move by acquiring the business of Filtrona Instruments and Automation, the world leader in the development, assembly, selling and maintenance of process and quality control instruments for the cigarette industry and also for packaging machinery in certain niche markets. The business, now called Cerulean, operates from its UK headquarters in Milton Keynes as well as other offices around the world."

"As part of the further development of its scientific services activities, Molins acquired Arista Laboratories of Richmond, Virginia in February 2002. Arista is a world leading, fully independent smoke constituent analytical facility and provides its services to cigarette manufacturers and regulatory authorities. In December 2002 Molins acquired the smoke analysis business of LGC Ltd (the Laboratory of the Government Chemist) in Teddington, London, to form the basis of Arista Laboratories Europe, which subsequently relocated to purpose-built premises in Kingston-upon-Thames."

"In 2003 Molins acquired Sasib (based in Bologna, Italy), a manufacturer of packing machinery for the tobacco industry, although this business was subsequently sold in 2006."

"Today, Molins retains major positions in a number of market areas. Through the businesses that make up its three divisions, those of Packaging Machinery, Tobacco Machinery and Scientific Services, Molins continues to provide leading engineering solutions and service to a wide range of multi-national and local customers."

The pension scheme is administered by HS Administrative Services Limited

The following companies (some of them with sub-companies) represent the BASF Group in the United Kingdom in 2009: BASF plc, BASF Coatings Ltd, BASF Construction Chemicals (UK) Ltd, BASF IT Services Ltd., BTC Speciality Chemical Distribution Ltd., Elastogran U.K.Ltd., Engelhard Metals Ltd, Engelhard Sales Ltd., Wingas Storage UK Ltd., and Wingas UK Limited.

A detailed history of the Company is available on their website: http://www.basf.co.uk/ecp1/History_UK_Ireland/index (accessed Sept 2009)

The Unilever website provides the following historical information: In the 1890s, William Hesketh Lever, founder of Lever Bros, wrote down his ideas for Sunlight Soap, a revolutionary new product that helped popularise cleanliness and hygiene in Victorian England. Although Unilever wasn't formed until 1930, the companies that joined forces to create the business were already well established before the start of the 20th century.

Unilever's founding companies produced products made of oils and fats, principally soap and margarine. In the 1920s, with businesses expanding fast, companies set up negotiations intending to stop others producing the same types of products. But instead they agreed to merge - and so Unilever was created.

See http://www.unilever.co.uk/aboutus/ourhistory/ for more information.

The National Association of Pension Funds is the principal body representing occupational pension funds and those managing pension funds in the UK.

The origin of the NAPF is a grouping known as the Conference of Superannuation Funds, formed in 1917, which sought exemption from tax on the investment returns made by pension funds and from income tax for employees' contributions. The recommendations made by its members to the Royal Commission on Income Tax in 1918 led to the tax exemptions granted in the 1921 Finance Act. The Association of Superannuation and Pension Funds was subsequently formed in 1923 and the name changed to National Association of Pension Funds in 1967. Since the mid 1970s the NAPF has increased the range of its activities including regularly lobbying on legislative and regulatory changes.

In addition the NAPF has promoted courses, conferences and publications. It has also played a role in the corporate governance of companies. Although the core membership has always been drawn from companies that sponsor pension schemes, various categories of associate membership have been encouraged, resulting in the ready availability, within the Association, of a wide range of technical knowledge and influence.

(Company limited by guarantee and not having share capital).

Offices: Cheapside House, 138 Cheapside, City of London (in 2013).

Ms Lee (maiden name Miss Chun Shui-wai ?) was educated in Saint Mark's School, Hong Kong. She came to England from Hong Kong in 1960 to work as a nurse in Epsom Manor Hospital. While working as a nurse, Ms Lee carried on studying to acquire her academic qualifications. She is currently a university lecturer.

Mr Cheung was a seaman working onboard a cargo ship since 1943, as a result of which he had been to the London Docklands on several occasions. During the Second World War when sea transportation was disrupted, Cheung spent a number of years in India. After the War he left the cargo ship he was working on in order to settle in London. He worked in a number of Chinese restaurants in London before retirement.

Shu Pao Lim was born in Burma in the 1920s. In 1942, with her family, Shu Pao fled across the Burmese border into China. After the war, she was awarded a scholarship in the USA. However, in 1959, she decided to move to London, England. At the age of 50, she went to Oxford University and studied Social Administration. In 1979, Camden Council employed Shu Pao as a community worker with the Chinese and in 1982, she set up the Camden Chinese Community Centre. The centre provides various services for the local Chinese community. Shu Pao later founded the Great Wall Society Limited which provides sheltered housing for elderly members of the Chinese community in London. In 1999, she was awarded the MBE.

Mr Lam was born in the mid 1930s. He emigrated from the New Territories, Hong Kong to England, in 1960. He travelled by ocean-liner where he stopped on route in the Philippines, Vietnam, Singapore and India. After disembarking at Marseilles, France, Mr Lam Ying Kau took the overnight train to the English Channel where he caught a ferry to Dover. His frist job in the UK was working in a Chinese restaurant in Luton. In 1976 Mr Lam opened his own Chinese take away restaurant, after the arrival of his family. He retired in 1992.

Before his retirement, Mr Lam worked with various Chinese organizations, promoting Chinese "mother-tongue" teaching. He now lives in north Kent.

Yee Moon Lam was born on 25 October 1916 in Hong Kong. He later moved to the United Kingdom. Before 1962, he worked as a merchant. He then became a waiter and a cook.

Chun Loy So was born 20/01/1937. He arrived in the UK from Hong Kong's New Territories in 1959, under a scheme which aimed to help local farmers by encouraging them to emigrate to London. After moving around the country and living in other towns and cities (including Leeds and Liverpool) Mr So decided to permanently settle in London.

Mr So was employed in the catering trade, eventually opening his own restaurant, "New Maxim". He is now retired, but still plays an active roll within the Chinese community as a regular volunteer.

The account given by Mr So about London tells of the changes taking place in the capital, particularly in the diversity of population and the development in the Docklands.

The company was originally established in circa 1690 by Nathaniel Hadley, manufacturing pumps and fire-fighting apparatus. The first fire engine factory was built in 1738. In 1791 Henry Lott joined the firm and later took over full control of the company and when he retired handed it over to his nephew by marriage, Moses Merryweather (1791-1872). He and his sons, including Richard Moses Merryweather (1839-1877) managed the business and it was known as Merryweather and Sons.

In the 1830s customers included parishes and vestries in London and beyond including Ireland, fire insurance companies including Sun Fire Office and the Hand in Hand, for other businesses and for individuals mainly the aristocracy. In 1840s the company was based in Long Acre. In 1862 a new factory was built in York Street, Lambeth, for the manufacture of steam engines. In 1876 another factory was built in Greenwich Road, Greenwich and three years later the Lambeth factory was closed. The company took Limited Liability status in 1892 and became registered as Merryweather and Company Limited.

By the later 19th century Merryweather had become Fire Engine Makers by Appointment to the Royal Family and sold fire-fighting apparatus across the world. In the 1910s products were distributed to as widely as South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Burma, Egypt, India and Singapore and China.

In the 1980s Calamite absorbed Merryweather and operations were moved from London to South Wales. April 1984 saw a 'moonlight flit' of the company. Siebe Gorman Limited (later Siebe plc) which had moved to Wales from Surrey in 1975, took over Calamite and produced firefighter's breathing equipment.

In 2008 Merryweather and Sons Limited was based at 3 Church Road, Croydon. It was supplying a range of fire extinguishers and fire fighting equipment and providing regular service inspection of fire extinguishers at customer premises to meet fire safety standards.

The "Truth and Justice for Richard Chang Campaign" was set up by the Chang family following the death of Richard Chang (a senior IT business analyst at Abbey National Plc.) in a fall on the 13th July 2004 at the Abbey National building. The campaign was created to investigate the circumstances surrounding Mr Chang's death.

Thomas Martyn was a wealthy gentleman who lived in Putney in the late 17th century. In his will, made shortly before his death in 1684, he granted his estate to his niece Lucy Cook, with the proviso that if she died without children the proceeds of the estate should be used to endow a school for the sons of watermen. Although Lucy married, she died childless in 1701 and the trustees of the will established a Watermen's School in 1718. Scholars were provided with a uniform and tuition in reading, writing and arithmetic. From 1817 the trustees also provided a sum of money towards the apprenticeship of school leavers, to watermen and other trades. The Watermen's School continued in Putney until its closure in 1911, but the charity, now known as the Thomas Martyn Foundation, still exists as an educational trust making financial grants to the sons and daughters of licensed watermen.

For more details see LMA/4523/06/01/002.

John Gyford taught at a college in Chelmsford, Essex. He gave lectures to students on social change and housing in London. He used photographic slides to help illustrate these themes.

Gyford later worked at University College London (UCL) and North East and Central London polytechnics, and became a labour historian. He later joined local government and became Leader of Braintree District Council. As of 2009 he was Labour and Co-operative Party Councillor for Witham North, Essex.

The Working Men's College was founded in 1854. The activities of the College grew out of the Workers Association, which in turn, had its foundations in the Christian Socialist movement. F D Maurice, the first principal of the College, is generally credited as the ideologue of Christian Socialism.

Maurice attracted a group of young men including Charles Kingsley [author of the Water Babies], Tom Hughes [author of Tom Brown's School Days] and R B Litchfield. Many of Maurice's followers came from the Association and subsequently became teachers at the College. Once the College had been established the founders managed to attract a number of other high profile teachers including Ruskin, Rossetti and Lowes Dickinson.

In contrast to the Mechanics' Institutes, which had been judged a failure by the mid-nineteenth century, the College syllabus emphasised the a liberal rather than practical eduction. For example the art classes concentrated upon fine art rather than technical drawing. The founders and the other teachers moulded the curriculum and ethos of the College according to their own experiences as Oxbridge graduates.

As well as the formal classes the College encouraged extra-cirricular activities and the records of the student groups form a significant portion of the archive. The Common Room, in particluar, provided a forum for student involvement.

Women were admitted to the College in 1966 after almost 10 years of debate. In 1957 Frances Martin College (formally the Working Women's College) moved in with the Working Men's College premises and after 1965 a formal agreement was made to join the administrations of the two colleges.

The College premises were orginally in 31 Red Lion Square. They moved to 45 Great Ormond Street in 1856 and subsequently to the current, purpose built, building on Crowndale Road in 1904.

The Tower Hill Improvement Fund was set up in 1934 to improve the area around Tower Hill. A major influence in the foundation of the Fund was Rev P B ("Tubby") Clayton who, together with Dr B R Leftwich published Pageant of Tower Hill which advocated the removal of certain unsightly buildings from the area. The first president of the Fund was Viscount Wakefield of Hythe. The inaugural meeting of the Fund was held in December 1933 and an office was opened at 29/30 Trinity Square in January 1934. In 1937 the Fund was refounded as a charitable trust and was renamed the Tower Hill Improvement Trust.

The Trust demolished various buildings to make way for gardens and open public spaces. It also established a beach at Tower Hill (opened July 1934; closed 1971). The Trust is now known as the Tower Hill Trust.

The company website provides the following history:

Having established a pharmaceutical chemist shop in 1856, Thomas James Smith entered into partnership with his nephew, Horatio Nelson Smith, in 1896 to form T J Smith and Nephew. The pair worked on developing medical dressings and saw their business expand between 1914 and 1918 to meet the needs of the military during the First World War. During the 1920s, the company began to develop Elastoplast plasters and, through subsequent acquisitions, have gone on to occupy a significant position in the medical market. The organisation currently operates four Global Business units across thirty-two countries: Orthopaedic Reconstruction and Trauma; Endoscopy; Advanced Wound Management; and Biologics.

Information available at http://www.global.smith-nephew.com/master/our_history_early_history_6184.htm and http://www.global.smith-nephew.com/master/about_us_what_we_do_1205.htm (accessed October 2010).

The Smith & Nephew UK Pension Fund was established in October 1961, and is open to permanent employees with at least three months service and who are over the age of 21. Benefits of the scheme include life assurance protection, a pension based on final pensionable earnings, and the opportunity to make Additional Voluntary Contributions.

Information taken from Smith and Nephew UK Pension Fund: Your Future Security (LMA/4557/01/002).

Doughty was a pupil at the 'old' College of Dulwich, which his father also served as Assistant Master. He later married Jane Hunter Kerr and became rector of Saint Peter Cornhill, City of London. After his death in 1926, his wife emigrated to Saskatoon, Canada to be with their daughter Janet Hunter Elizabeth Lynch.

Manufacturer of vacuum cleaners, especially industrial suction machines. Established circa 1926. Registered office between 1957-1963: Norfolk House, Laurence Pountney Hill, City of London.

Factory in Cippenham, Slough, Buckinghamshire in 1968.

The Blackheath Methodist Church was built as the Blackheath Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in 1864 on The Avenue. The Avenue street name was changed to The Grove (also known as Blackheath Grove) in 1942. The church was destroyed by a V2 rocket in 1944 and not rebuilt.

Keith Waithe was born in Guyana, South America. He first first learned to play the trumpet from his father and then transferred to the flute. He studied music at University of Surrey and the Royal Military School of Music, Kneller Hall. He has been an award winning flautist, composer, teacher and expert proponent of vocal gymnastics system. He has produced and promoted an international musical style, exploring an original fusion of jazz, classical, African, Caribbean, Asian and Western influences. He has performed at Ealing Jazz Festival and The Brecon International Jazz Festival, and has made numerous media appearances on television and radio.

Keith Waithe formed The Macusi Players (see introduction to LMA/4573/02 for further details) and has been Director of Essequibo Music, an umbrella organisation with British artists and musicians working in educational, cultural and performances arenas (see introduction to LMA/4573/01 for further details).

He has worked for Ealing Borough Council and has been involved in a number of organisations established by Eric and Jessica Huntley, publishers and community activists in Ealing, including support given to their publishing house, Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications Limited, through Friends of Bogle.

(Source: http://www.keithwaithe.com/index.htmlaccessed April 2011).

As a district, the London South Methodist District was led by a chairman, who was a member of the Connexional leadership team and was appointed by the bishop for a period of 6 years to act as evangelical leader and district administrator. As administrative unities, districts hold a twice yearly synod, which sets direct policy and defines the boundaries of the district. It also holds a ministerial synod for presbyters and deacons, giving the opportunity for ministerial training. As governor of a number of circuits, the district's purpose is to advance the mission of the church by enabling circuits to work together and support each other as well as to link the Connnexion and circuits, especially in training and to approve applications for grant aid to circuits.

The Methodist Church in Britain began to surface during the 1730s as a reaction to the Age of Enlightenment and its attack on religion. The first London Circuit began in 1765, with districts coming into existence in 1791. The Religious Census of 1851 shows that the Wesleyan Methodist and Primitive Methodist areas had extended from Kensington to Poplar, as well as South of the river from Greenwich to Lambeth and Camberwell. Between 1873 and 1932, the districts and circuits within the London and Middlesex areas were divided between the various different factions of the Methodist Church: the Wesleyan, Primitive and United Methodists. Each faction operated differently until 1932, when the three groups were finally united as the Methodist Church. After this unification, six London districts were created: the London North-East, London North, London North-West, London South-West, London South and the London South East. These were changed in 1957 to four districts (London North-East, London North-West, London South-West, and London South-East), until 2006 when all the Methodist districts in Greater London were merged into one, large London District. The areas which were not part of Greater London were distributed into the appropriate South-England districts of: South-East, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Essex.

http://www.methodistlondon.org.uk/londondistrictmap2010.pdf

http://www.aberdeenmethodist.org.uk/AbriefhistoryofMethodism.pdf

http://www.wesleyhistoricalsociety.org.uk/dmbi

The Wesley Guild was the concept of Reverend W.B. Fitzgerald in the late 19th century and was put forward at the Liverpool Conference in 1896 by Reverend Charles Kelly. The Guild's original aim was to educate young people and improve the body, mind and spirit and provided activities such as camping, cycling and holiday clubs.

The London Guild Council was established in 1899 and functioned to bring together London's local guilds and promote joint projects. The most important event was the London Guilds Rally which was held for many years in the Central Hall, Westminster. The rally included various talks and sometimes a public speaking contest. The council was wound up on 31 October 2011.

Source: http://www.wesleyguild.org (accessed 7 August 2013).

Source: 'Report of the Officers Committee review of the London Guilds Rally' (LMA/4623/01/001)

The Society for the Relief of the Houseless Poor (now known as Western Lodge, also referred to as the Nightly Shelter or Asylum for the Houseless Poor, the Association for the Relief of the Houseless Poor and the Houseless Poor Society) was founded in January 1820, the outcome of a public meeting convened to discuss ways of helping those who found themselves without shelter in the City of London, particularly in the winter months. At the meeting Mr Hicks donated his warehouses on London Wall to the charity, and a refuge, or asylum, was set up to provide lodgings and food for the destitute and houseless, funded by donations and bequests from the public. A second asylum in Playhouse Yard, Whitecross Street, Islington, opened in the 1820s.

Residents, or inmates, were housed in separate men's and women's wards, with a straw bed and medical care. The refuge opened at night for a season over the winter months, typically from October/November until March/April. During the nineteenth century it appears that residents were asked to assist the Society's fundraising by preparing and selling bundles of firewood, doing laundry or completing needlework. A chapel was also in operation at the refuge.

The Society opened additional refuges in Glasshouse Street, East Smithfield, City of London (known as the Eastern Asylum) and Upper Ogle Street, Foley Street, Marylebone (known as the Western Asylum) in the 1840s, and the Playhouse Yard Asylum became known as the Central Asylum.

The Central Asylum moved to new premises in Banner Street, Islington in 1870 with accommodation for 550 men, women and children. Between 1903 and 1914 additional asylums were opened for men at Warner Place, Hackney (open from 1903 until the late 1910s) and women at 88 Carlton Vale, Brent (1903-1909), 21 Nutford Place, Marylebone (active 1907 - 1913, closes before 1915), 39 Homer Street (active 1910 - 1913, closes before 1915), 117 Seymour Place (open for the 1910 season only) and 8 Queen Street (open 1913, closes before 1915). At this time the Society also operated a labour yard in Hoxton Street where men could receive food and a ticket for lodgings in return for two hours week.

Tragically a fire at the Banner Street Asylum on 27 Feb 1903 resulted in the death of one of the inmates, and in 1915 the Banner Street Asylum was sold to Bovril Limited, who owned the adjoining buildings. The Society's work was suspended for the duration of the First World War. In 1920 the Society reopened to male residents at Grove Lodge, 3 Highbury Grove, Islington, and then in 1925 relocated to Western Lodge, 84 West Side, Clapham, where temporary accommodation could be provided for around 28 single men. Initially cases were referred to Western Lodge by the Church Army, the Metropolitan Asylum Board, the After Care Association, the British Legion and other organisations, and later cases were sent from Social Services and other agencies. The Society also took in residents who applied in person.

The move to Western Lodge saw a shift in the duration of residence, with residents staying for longer periods of time in single rooms rather than the communal wards of the Banner Street Asylum. Initially a wing for 2-3 women or a mother and child was also available for cases referred by the Night Office of the Metropolitan Asylum Board, but accommodation was eventually restricted to men.

The charity was administered by Trustees who, with a few additional members, formed a General Committee of management. Sub-committees were established to oversee individual Asylums. The Committee Rooms were originally in offices at 75 Old Broad Street and then moved to 6 St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street (1872-1897), 28 St Martin's Lane (1898), 128/130 Edgeware Road (1900-1905) and 55 Bryanston Street, Marylebone (1905 -1917).

The Church Army had been involved with the Society's work since its establishment in 1882, and in 1898 three members of the Church Army's executive committee (Wilson Carlile, Edward Clifford and Colin Fitzwilliam Campbell) were elected as members of the Society's General Committee, and effectively took over the running of the Society when the original trustees retired in 1900.

In 1915 the Charity Commission approved a scheme to register the Society as a charity. The scheme specified that the Society's trustees should include the nominees of the Bishops of London and Southwark, the Corporation of the City of London, Westminster City Council, the Commissioners of the City of London and Metropolitan Police, and the Church Army. A Board of Trustees replaced the General Committee, managing the Society and the investment of its funds and securities, as well as communicating with the Charity Commission and the purchase and sale of property.

The Trustees appointed a temporary committee in 1915 to appoint a Secretary and investigate how best to conduct the Society's business. This committee became the Executive and Finance Committee in October 1915, and became responsible for arranging for the implementation of the Trustees' principles and methods The Trustees then appointed at House Committee in November 1920, who supervised the work of the Society's Superintendent (or warden), who managed the day-to-day running of the refuge with the assistance of a Matron. The Executive and Finance Committee was absorbed into the House Committee in December 1926, and the Committee was renamed as the Western Lodge Committee.

The Society found it necessary to launch a fundraising appeal in the 1970s, called the Western Lodge Appeal. The appeal aimed to raise £17500 for fire precaution work, repairs, furnishing and decoration to the property.

The work of the asylum was highlighted in an article in Households Words in 1856 (issue 309, 20 Feb 1856) which may have been written by Charles Dickens. The Society's work was also discussed by Friedrich Engels in his 'The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844'.

The Society continues to provide temporary accommodation and housing and employment support for single men over 30. The Society moved to new premises at 85 Trinity Road, Tooting, in December 2012 where accommodation is provided for 10 men: the new premises have retained the name Western Lodge.

George Henry Meering (1896-1975) was the eldest son of George Henry Meering, a lace manufacturer in Nottingham, and Ada Meering. After his parents' divorce, George and his three siblings moved with their mother to London, where she later remarried a Mr Geach.

During World War One, George was a corporal with the 'B' Squadron of 1st County of London Yeomanry (also known as the Middlesex Duke of Cambridge's Hussars). On 27 October 1917 his detachment was involved in a battle against the Turkish Ottoman forces on Hill 720, south of Beersheba in Palestine. Vastly outnumbered, the troops put up remarkable resistance, fighting to the last man. George was seriously wounded and taken to a Turkish hospital at Tel el Sheria as a prisoner of war. Left behind by the retreating Turks, he was discovered by the advancing British troops and sent to a British hospital in Cairo and then to Bristol, where in April 1918 he wrote a survivor's account of the battle. In September that year he wrote about his experiences as a prisoner of war. For the rest of his life, he had periodic operations to remove shrapnel from his body.

George was married twice, but both his wives had predeceased him. His first wife gave birth to stillborn twin sons; he had no other children. He died on 16 July 1975 at Kingston Hospital, aged 79.

The papers were deposited at LMA on 27 May 2005 by George Meering's niece, Mrs Pamela Burgess, who also provided some of the biographical information used above.

The Licensed Victuallers and Beersellers Protection Society was a predecessor of the National Licensed Victuallers Association.

Samuel Pepys was born in 1633 in London. His father was a tailor, but had good family connections including a landed uncle in Huntingdonshire and an aunt with an advantageous marriage. Pepys attended Saint Paul's School and Cambridge, after which he became the private secretary of his cousin Edward Mountagu (later the Earl of Sandwich). In 1659 he began his 30 years of service to the Navy when Mountagu was made general at sea. In 1660 Pepys was given a job at the Navy Board, and was part of the group sent to bring Charles II back to England to begin his reign. In the same year he began his diary, which has made him famous and which provides an insight into the life and customs of his day, as well as giving accounts of major events such as the plague and the Great Fire of London in 1666. Pepys ended the diary in 1669, concerned that his eyesight was failing. His career continued to be successful, and he became Secretary to the Admiralty Commission in 1672. He died in 1703 and was buried at Saint Olave, Hart Street.

Samuel Pepys, one of the most famous diarists, came to live in the Parish of Saint Olave in 1660. He had a successful career; his achievements include becoming Secretary to the Admiralty, Master of the Clothworkers' Company, Master of Trinity House, President of the Royal Society, and a Member of Parliament. He wrote his diaries from 1660 to 1669, they include eyewitness accounts on important historical events such as the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the Great Fire of London in 1666, and the second Anglo-Dutch war of 1667. The diaries also give an insight into his personal life.

The Club was founded on 26 May 1903 to mark the bicentenary of the death of Samuel Pepys. The founders of the club are Sir Fredrick Bridge (Organist of Westminster Abbey), Sir D'Arcy Power (Surgeon and medical writer), George Whale (writer and bibliophile), and Henry B. Wheatley (editor of the 3rd edition of the diary). The membership was initially restricted to 50, but later increased to 70. Well-known admirers of Samuel Pepys were invited to become members of the club. In 2006, membership was increased to 140 UK members and up to 20 overseas members. The criterion for membership is an interest in Pepys, his friends and his diary, and a degree of knowledge about him.

In the early years, club activities consisted of dining, readings from the diary and lectures on various aspects of Samuel Pepys' life. In later years, the club began annual memorial services for Pepys. Papers, which are later published, are read at these memorial services. The club also have annual dinners and outings to places that have historical connections with Pepys. The first dinner of the club was held on 1 December 1903 in the Clothworkers' Company Livery Hall. In 1953, a jubilee dinner was held in Vintners' Hall.

The Swiss Benevolent Society was founded as Fonds de Secours pour les Suisses Pauvres a Londres on 1 January 1870, although its history can be traced back to the Société de Secours Mutuels des Suisses a Londres (Société des Suisses), which was founded in 1703. It has undergone many transformations throughout its history, but its main aim of providing help to its compatriot members in cases of illness and hardship has remained the same and continues to this day. Those receiving help have included 19th-century economic migrants, 1960s' au pairs, and now, increasingly, the elderly.

For more information about the Society's history and activities please see their website: https://swissbenevolent.org.uk

Edward Eleazer Pool was born to parents Samuel and Marie Anne Van Cleef Pool in London in 1851 the eldest son (he had four siblings). His parents were from Holland and Samuel was an importer and salesman of Cattle who was granted naturalization in 1854. Samuel remained a cattle dealer until his death on 18 December 1886. Edward must have joined his father in the trade and the first evidence of him trading at Smithfield Meat Market appears in an entry in the London Post Office Directory of 1875 as a meat salesman of 32 Central Avenue. By 1880 he had moved to number 158 and in 1881 the tenancy registers of the market show him renting both 157 and 158 at a weekly rent of nine pounds three shillings and four pence.

The market tenancy registers show a partnership with other meat salesmen, Arthur Curnick and William Godsell Curnick in the later 1880s and early 1890s. In 1891 Edward took over the business of 'Lambert and Sons' at 91 Central Avenue. The business would remain at number 91 until the 1960s. In 1900 the partnership with the Curnicks was dissolved and Edward became the sole tenant of number 91. The trade directories also show that he carried on business at the Foreign Cattle Market in Deptford.

In 1873 Edward Pool married Phoebe Bernstien at the Willis Rooms in King Street, Westminster. The couple had five children. It was under his only son, Gordon Desmond (born 21 April 1882) that the business continued following Edward's death in 1915.

Gordon Desmond can be seen in the market tenancy registers becoming the joint tenant of number 91 with his father in 1911. Gordon continued the business at Smithfield Market, expanding into number 54 and also into trade at 48 and 49 Aldgate Street, an area known informally as 'butchers' row.'

Gordon Desmond had two sons. His eldest Peter was killed in action in the Second World War so the business fell to his youngest son, Edward Gordon (who received a military cross for his part in the Normandy landings sustaining injuries which meant he lost his left foot), he also had three daughters including Phoebe Pool (art historian). Edward Gordon was married four times and it was during his second marriage to the sculptress Elizabeth Frith that he sold the business.

The last entry for the business in the London Post Office Directories is in 1964.

The Northern Friendly Society was established on 31 January 1837 with the objective of being a sociable organisation which could share information of interest in the trade. An extract from the Pawnbrokers' Gazette reporting on the Jubilee of the Society in 1887 stated it was formed, "to protect the Trade against 'duffers' and to exterminate a class of vermin called 'common informers.'" The names of the founding members have not all survived, from later minutes it can be established that one was Mr James Telfer (of Ponders End) and a second was Mr Sharwood who in the Jubilee year of the Society (1887) was aged 86 and acted as the chair of the meeting, he resigned in October 1888 due to 'old age and its consequences.'

Membership was to be restricted to master pawnbrokers or gentlemen connected with the trade. The membership was limited to fifteen members according to a list of rules drawn up in 1844 (later expanded to thirty members), each paying a subscription. On occassion, Honorary Members could be elected by unanimous vote. Members were also often members of the Bouverie Society, a social club for master pawnbrokers (see CLC/034).

The subscriptions were used to defray the costs of the meetings and also to make special purchases. In the Jubilee Year of the society (1887) a silver loving cup was purchased at a cost of £35 4s; according to an inventory attached to an insurance schedule of 1965 the value of the loving had risen to £58 and this was just one of seven pieces of silver that belonged to the Society with other pieces having presented to the society by members and one piece a plain silver cup and cover with wood plinth in a case commemorating the Bouverie Society versus the Northern Friendly Gold Challenge Cup.

The Jewish Historical Society of England was established in 1893. Its founders included Lucien Wolf, Frederick David Mocatta, Isidore Spielman, Joseph Jacobs and Israel Abrahams.

The society aims to publish and make available scholarly research into the history of Anglo-Jewry. Papers read at society meetings are printed in the society's Transactions and shorter notes appear in its Miscellanies.

The society administers annual lecture series including the Lucien Wolf lecture and the Arthur Davis Memorial lecture as well as the Asher Myers and Gustave Tuck essay prizes. It was also instrumental in setting up Anglo-Jewish Archives, a society which aimed to preserve Anglo-Jewish archive collections, the archives it collected are held by the University of Southampton.

F.D. Mocatta bequeathed his library to the Jewish Historical Society and arrangements were made in 1905 to house the library at University College London (UCL). In 1932 the Gustave Tuck lecture theatre was constructed within UCL as a base for the society, and a special library and museum were built in the college for the Mocatta Library and Museum, which also housed the Gustave Tuck collection of ritual art and antiquities. The Mocatta Library was bombed during World War II and many volumes, including early archives of the Jewish Historical Society, were destroyed.

The society has several regional branches, which have included Israel, Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester.

Merchant Investors was incorporated in 1970 and underwrote high net worth life and pension products mainly for Independent Financial Advisors. The company was taken over in 2003 by Sanlam, a South African investment company. As of 23 December 2003, Sanlam Life and Pensions UK Limited operated as a subsidiary of Sanlam Limited and provided life insurance, pension, and investment products in the United Kingdom.

Philip A Knight was Pensions Manager to the company, was involved with setting up the pension scheme and became the first member-nominated trustee of the scheme.

Community Health Councils were established in England and Wales in 1974 "to represent the interests in the health service of the public in its district" (National Health Service Reorganisation Act, 1973). Often referred to as 'the patient’s voice in the NHS', each Community Health Council (CHC) served the public and patients in its local area by representing their interests to National Health Service (NHS) authorities and by monitoring the provision of health services to their communities.

CHCs were independent statutory bodies with certain legal powers. CHCs were entitled to receive information about local health services, to be consulted about changes to health service provision, and to carry out monitoring visits to NHS facilities. They also had the power to refer decisions about proposed closures of NHS facilities to the Secretary of State for Health. For this reason, CHCs were sometimes known as the ‘watchdogs’ of the NHS. The co-ordinated monitoring of waiting times in Accident and Emergency departments led to ‘Casualty Watch’ which gained national press coverage. Locally, many CHCs represented patients’ views by campaigning for improved quality of care and better access to NHS services, and by responding to local issues such as proposed hospital closures.

Each CHC had around 20 voluntary members from the local area. Half were appointed the local authority, a third were elected from voluntary bodies and the remainder were appointed by the Secretary of State for Health. Members met every month to six weeks and meetings were usually open to the general public. Guest speakers or guest attendees were often invited, particularly when a specific topic or issue was under discussion.

All CHCs employed a small number of paid office staff and some had shop-front offices, often on the high street, where members of the public could go for advice and information about local NHS services. CHCs published leaflets and guidance on a wide variety of topics from ‘how to find a GP’ to ‘how to make a complaint’.

Within the guiding principles and statutory duties of the legislation, CHCs developed organically in response to the needs of the communities they served and for this reason considerable variation can be found in the records of different CHCs.

Lambeth CHC began life in April 1974 as the St. Thomas Health District CHC, later known simply as St. Thomas’ CHC. Its aim was "to provide a new means of representing the local community’s interests in the Health Services to those responsible for managing them" (Minutes of Inaugural Meeting, April 1974). The CHC initially met in hospitals and community spaces before finding a permanent base at 2 Cleaver Street from 1977 onwards. Members were appointed by the borough of Lambeth, voluntary organisations and the South East Thames Regional Health Authority.

In the NHS Reorganisation of 1982 St. Thomas’ Health District (Teaching) became the West Lambeth Health Authority. A new CHC was set up accordingly. The last meeting of St. Thomas’ CHC was held in June 1982 and the inaugural meeting of West Lambeth CHC was held in July 1982. Some former members were retained and some new members joined. The records of the CHC continue seamlessly between the two organisations.

A further change occurred in 1993 following the Regional Health Authority’s decision to re-align CHCs along borough boundaries. Lambeth CHC was set up and received three members allocated from the former Camberwell CHC. The first meeting of Lambeth CHC took place in April 1993. The motto of Lambeth CHC was "your voice in the NHS". As before, the records of the CHC continue seamlessly between the two organisations.

Community Health Councils in England were abolished in 2003 as part of the ‘NHS Plan (2000)’. However, the last records held for Lambeth CHC date from 2000. The last file was labelled with the note "Lambeth CHC 1997 - 2000 (NB: no later records available)" indicating that records for the period 2000 - 2003 are not in this collection and may not have survived.

Miss Betty E M Bartram was born in July 1930 and lived at 202 Queens Road, Walthamstow and later looked after her parents Henry William Bartram known as 'Harry' and Ethel Daisy Bartram. She was the youngest of four children with two sisters and a brother. Betty left school on 19 February 1945 and soon began work and trained as a typist at educational classes.

At the end of May 1948 she left a wine works and in June 1948 started working at Winstone’s leaving there in October 1950. In the same month she began her employment at Strauss, Turnbull and Company Limited, stock brokers in the City of London. She left in March 1961 to join William Brandt's Sons and Company Limited, leaving four months later to start work at Consolidated Gold Fields (registered offices in 49 Moorgate, City of London, later 31 Charles II Street, St James's Square, Westminster in 1986) on 24 July 1961. Betty Bartram's duties included operating the telex machine. She took early retirement after 28 years service on 14 July 1989.

She and her father were affected by the proposed redevelopment of Queens Road area by the London Borough of Waltham Forest in 1967. She was also involved in Saint Saviour's Church, Walthamstow as Sunday School teacher with other roles in the church. Her parents also attended the church and her father assisted with the reconstruction of the church after it was hit by a landmine and badly damaged. Betty regularly visited the Anglican Benedictine Community of Saint Mary at the Cross in Edgware.

She moved from 202 Queens Road, Walthamstow to a care home in Grays, Essex in 2018.

Since 1361 the Justices of the Peace met in their court of Quarter Sessions to try offences, and also, from the mid Sixteenth Century to deal with county administration. It was from this latter date with the increase in their workload that Justices began to do some of their business (minor legal and specific administrative tasks) outside of the formal sessions, either singly or in small groups.

Over the next century meetings outside of sessions became more regular, and more matters were dealt with there which had previously been heard at full sessions. They were often carried out at the magistrates' own homes, sometimes at special session meetings in a local court house, tavern or other meeting place. From 1828 all courts of Quarter Sessions were able to create districts or divisions specifically for petty sessions, either new areas or formalising any earlier informal divisions.

It was not only routine administration which was dealt with at these meetings, but some of the judicial procedure which needed carrying out pre-trial. Magistrates would examine alleged offenders and witnesses, take sworn statements (depositions), issue warrants for arrest or summonses to appear at court, bind over individuals to appear, and commit the accused to gaol to await trial or further investigation. Increasingly, they went further and began to sit without a jury to dispense immediate summary justice - either alone, or as a group of two or more known as the 'petty sessions'. They were, of course, hearing very minor cases such as those involving common assault, drunkenness, apprenticeship disputes, byelaw infringement, and (from 1664) attendance at illegal religious assemblies. The punishment they gave here was binding over with a recognizance to keep the peace; committal to prison for a short time (with a discharge before a main trial at the sessions started); or arbitration between the parties concerned to reach a settlement.

Offences which required a jury trial would still be heard at Quarter Sessions or the Assizes (Gaol Delivery Sessions at the Old Bailey), but petty sessions avoided the expense and hassle of a full trial for what were literally petty cases.

The court of Quarter Sessions was the place in which the Justices of the Peace exercised their judicial and administrative functions for the county, and generated a variety of records from that role. This class includes records deposited, filed (enrolled) or registered 'by statute' with the Clerk of the Peace, to be kept with the sessions records, and be available for inspection. These were records presented to the justices in a session, and certified before them, but which were not part of the normal sessions work, although sometimes it is hard to make the distinction. Indeed, statutes ordering the creation of these records often stipulated that returns or registers should be 'filed on the rolls of the Sessions of the Peace" or "be deposited with the Clerk of the Peace to be registered and kept with the records of Quarter Sessions"; which means in practice that many records which were created outside the normal sessions work are found on the sessions rolls (see MJ/SR), in the sessions books (see MJ/SB) or in the sessions papers (see MJ/SP), as well as in their own series.

These are records reflecting the political and social concerns of the times; the development of transport and travel; and the nineteenth century utility schemes for gas, water and railways; the control of law and order and social structures through such measures as the prevention of treasonable meetings and literature, secular and religious, the registration of foreigners in the capital, knowledge of those able to serve in the local militia in times of internal and external trouble and the limiting of those eligible for jury service or to vote in elections as determined by the value of the property they held. All aspects of life were regulated from slaughterhouses and hospitals to the price of corn in markets, and building practices. The overriding fear of government from the seventeenth century to early nineteenth century was the threat perceived to be posed by non-conformists - Roman Catholic or Protestant - anyone considering public office had to show that their loyalty was greater to the state than to their faith by taking a variety of oaths or producing certificates confirming their allegiance to the established church.

The Custos Rotulorum (Keeper of the Rolls) was responsible for the care of the county records. Appointed (since the fourteenth century) in the Commission of the Peace (see MJP/C), he was a leading justice, unpaid and holding the post for life; and from the seventeenth century usually also holding the office of Lord Lieutenant of the county. His Deputy was the Clerk of the Peace who was in practice the actual keeper of the records, and who drew up, registered and oversaw the storage of the records.

David McIntosh acquired substantial land holdings in the Bromley by Bow area, including Bromley Hall. According to an 1882 auction catalogue listing his estate, which was being sold off after his death, the rental value of his property was £1,200 per annum.

See http://www.londonancestor.com/misc/misc-mcintosh.htm for the auction catalogue (accessed August 2011).

A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.