Born [1912]; trained on HMS EREBUS, 1932; Midshipman (Engineer), 1933; Specialist Enginneering Courses, HMS VIVID, Royal Naval Engineering College, Keyham, Leicestershire, 1933-1936; Sub Lt (Engineer), 1935; Lt (Engineer), 1936; HMS GLORIOUS, Mediterranean Fleet, 1936-1937; Advanced Engineering Course, Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1938-1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; served on Destroyer HMS ENCOUNTER at Dunkirk, the Mediterranean and the Far East, 1939-1942; Battle of Java Sea, Feb 1942; captured by the Japanese following the sinking of HMS ENCOUNTER, HMS EXETER and HMS POPE, Java Sea, Mar 1942; POW, Zentsuji Camp, Shikoko Island, Japan, 1942-1945; Lt Cdr, 1944; Assistant Engineer Inspector, Engineer in Chief's Department, Admiralty, 1946-1947; Cdr (Engineer), 1948; Engineer Officer, HMS VENGEANCE, Home Fleet, 1949-1951; Engineer in Chief's Department, Admiralty, 1951-1955; retired, 1955; died 1994. Publications: With Alfred Cecil Hardy, Shipbuilding. Background to a great industry (Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, London, 1964).
Born in 1906; 2nd Lt, Royal Artillery, 1939; Maj, 1947; Lt Col commanding Robin Hoods, Sherwood Foresters, 1951-1955; died in 1981.
Born 1914; educated at Aysgarth School, Winchester College and Royal Military Academy Sandhurst; commissioned into Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, Aug 1934; served in France, 1939-1940; participated in Operation DYNAMO, the evacuation of the BEF (British Expeditionary Force) from Dunkirk, May-June 1940; attended Staff College, Camberley, 1941; served as Brigade Maj with 126 Infantry Bde and 11 Armoured (Tank) Bde, UK, 1941-1943; Lt Col, 1943; 10 Armoured Div, Middle East, 1943-1944; 12 Royal Tank Regt, Italy, 1944-1945; 1 Div, Palestine, 1945-1946; School of Land/Air Operations, Old Sarum, 1947; War Office, 1948; Staff College, Camberley, 1949-1950; served with 11 Armoured Div in Germany, 1950-1953; Military Assistant to Chief of the Imperial General Staff, 1953-1956; Officer commanding 4/7 Royal Dragoon Guards, 1956-1957; retired 1957; worked for WH Smith, 1957-1977; Managing Director of WH Smith, 1968; died 2002.
Born 1930; commissioned into the Irish Guards, 1951; service in the UK and British Army of the Rhine, West Germany, 1951-[1960]; Lt, 1953; Capt, 1957; author, 1963-1990. Publications: The standard bearer. The story of Sir Edmund Verney, Knight Marshal to Charles I (Hutchinson, London, 1963); The Micks. The story of the Irish Guards (Peter Davies, London, 1970); The Battle of Blenheim (Batsford, London, 1976); The gardens of Scotland (Batsford, London, 1976); Anzio 1944, an unexpected fury (Batsford, London, 1978); Here comes the circus (Paddington Press, London, 1978); editor of The Batsford book of sporting verse (Batsford, London, 1979); The earthquake handbook (Paddington Press, London, 1979); Homo tyrannicus, a history of man's war against animals (Mills and Boon, London, 1979); The genius of the garden, with Michael Dunne (Webb and Bower, Exeter, Devon, 1989).
Born 1911; commissioned into RAF, [1929]; served with 11 Sqn, RAF, North West Frontier, India, 1930-1933; Flying Officer, 1931; Flight Lt, 1936; Instructor, RAF Flying Training Command, UK, 1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; service with RAF Bomber Command, 1939-1942; shot down on raid on Kiel, Germany, and captured by German forces, 25 Feb 1942; POW, East compound, Stalag Luft III, Germany, 1942-1945; member of escape committee and helped to plan 'wooden horse' POW escape [29 Oct 1943]; worked for Imperial Airways, 1946-1950; changed surname by deed poll, from Abraham, to mother's maiden name, Ward, Feb 1949; acted in and Technical Adviser for the film The wooden horse, released in 1950; served as Wg Cdr, Administration, RAF Bletchley, Buckinghamshire, and the Air Ministry, 1950-1952; Air and Military Attaché to the British Embassies in Peru and Ecuador, and Air Attaché to Chile and Bolivia, 1952-1955; served at RAF Hullavington, Wiltshire, 1956-1957; retired 1958; died 1992.
Born 1927; educated at Worksop College, Nottinghamshire; joined Army, 1945; commissioned into Worcestershire Regt in India, 1946; served in India and Middle East, 1946-1948; regular commission into Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regt, 1948; served with British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and in Far East, Nigeria and Congo, 1950-1963; transferred to Parachute Regt, 1963; commanded 3 Bn, Parachute Regt, 1967-1969; served in Hong Kong, 1969-1970; Commander, 16 Parachute Bde, 1970-1973; National Defence College, Canada, 1973-1974; Deputy Adjutant General, BAOR, 1964-1975; Director of Army Air Corps, 1976-1979; General Officer Commanding Western District, 1979-1982; Deputy Colonel, Royal Anglian Regt, 1982-1987; Secretary, Eastern Wessex, Territorial Auxiliary and Volunteer Reserve Association, 1982-1989; died, 2002.
Born 1911; Flying Officer, No 3 (Indian) Wing, Quetta and Peshawar, North West Frontier, India, [1932]-1934; Flight Lt, 1935; Student, Flying Instructor's Course, Central Flying School, Inland Area, 23 Group, Upavon, Marlborough, Wiltshire, 1935-1936; attached to 612 (County of Aberdeen) Army Co-operation Sqn, Auxiliary Air Force [1936-1938]; Sqn Ldr, 1938; Instructor, School of Army Co-operation, 22 (Army Co-operation) Group, Old Sarum, Salisbury, Wiltshire, 1938-1939; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Gp Capt, 1949; died 1985.
Born 1883; educated at Wellington; served in World War One, 1914-1918 with Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berkshire) Regt; served on Western Front, 1915-1918; awarded MC, 1916; Capt, 1916; awarded DSO, 1917; temporary Lt Col, 1917-1918; Commanding Officer, 17 (Service) Bn, The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regt), 1917-1918; temporary Brig Gen, 1918- 1919; General Officer Commanding 122 Bde, 41 Div, 1918-1919; re-employed by Army as Lt Col, 1940-1946; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Officer Commanding troops on transport ships, notably RMS QUEEN MARY, and Inspector of Transports with rank of Col, 1940-1946; survivor of sinking of HM Transport EMPRESS OF CANADA by Italian submarine LEONARDO DA VINCI, off Sierra Leone, West Africa, 1943; died 1974.
Born in 1915; educated at St Helen's College, Southsea and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into Royal Ulster Rifles, 1935; served in Palestine, 1937-1939; Lt, 1938; Adjutant, 1940-1941; General Staff Officer Grade 3, Canadian Corps HQ, 1941; Bde Maj, 38 Irish Bde, 1941-1942; Capt, 1943; Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Middle East Land Forces, 1942-1943; Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Sudan, 1943; Assistant Quartermaster General, General HQ, Middle East Land Forces, 1943-1944; served with British Military Mission to Albania, 1943-1944, and 2nd Bn, Royal Ulster Rifles, 1944-1945; Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Airborne Division, Palestine, 1945-1948; Maj, 1948; Military Assistant to Adjutant General to the Forces, War Office, 1949-1950; General Staff Officer Grade 1, UK Services Liaison Staff, Australia, 1951-1952; General Staff Officer Grade 1 and Col, General Staff, HQ Northern Army Group and HQ, British Army of the Rhine, 1954-1957; Lt Col, 1958; Col, General Staff, British Army of the Rhine; commanded 1 Bn, Royal Ulster Rifles, Cyprus, 1958-1959; commanded 39 Infantry Bde Group, Northern Ireland, 1960-1962; Chief of Staff, 1 (British) Corps, British Army of the Rhine, 1962-1963; General Officer Commanding 2 Div, 1964-1966; Chief of Staff, Contingencies Planning, SHAPE, 1966-1969; Chief of Staff, HQ, British Army of the Rhine, 1969-1971; retired, 1971; died in 1990.
Born in 1892; enlisted in Middlesex Regt, 1915; served in France, 1916; worked as building contractor; died in 1983.
Born 1904; MB, BS, University of London, 1930; joined Royal Army Medical Corps (Territorial Army) Lt 1930; Capt 1935; Lt Col 1939; Head of Surgical Division, 21st General Hospital, British Expeditionary Force, Feb-May 1940; captured at Boulogne, France, 25 May 1940; transferred to Camiers, 31 May 1940; transferred to Lille, 3 Jul 1940, transferred to Enghien, 6 Oct 1940; transferred to Sondershausen, Germany, 8 Nov 1940; Senior British Medical Officer, Hildburghausen, Germany, Dec 1940-Feb 1943; transferred to Oflag IXA/H, Germany, Feb-Mar 1943; Senior British Medical Officer, Lamsdorf and Bevier (Stalag VIIIB/344), Germany, Mar 1943-Mar 1945; Senior British Medical Officer, Memmingen, (Stalag 7B), Germany, Mar-Apr 1945; liberated at Memmingen, 26 Apr 1945; Consultant Surgeon, Eastbourne Hospital, 1946-c.1970; Col 1955; died 1999.
Born in 1898; educated at Oundle School and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; 2nd Lt, Royal Artillery, 1917; served in France, Belgium and Italy, 1917-1918; Lt, 1918; transferred to Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 1918; Adjutant, Territorial Army, 1925-1929; Capt, 1930; served in Burma, 1930-1932; General Staff Officer Grade 3, Small Arms School, India, 1933-1935; Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General, India, 1935-1936; General Staff Officer Grade 2, 1938-1939; served in World War Two in North West Europe, Burma and Italy; Deputy Commissioner, Allied Commission for Austria, 1945-1949, and British High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief, Austria, 1950; ADC to the King, 1948-1949; Military Governor and Commander, British/US Zone Free Territory of Trieste, 1951-1954; retired, 1955; died in 1987.
Born in 1909; Lt, Royal Army Medical Corps, 1934; Capt, 1935; served in Palestine, [1936-1939]; commanded 3 Field Ambulance in Italy, 1943-1944; Maj, 1944; Lt Col, 1949; Col 1958.
Born 1870; commissioned into the Royal Garrison Artillery, 1889; service in India, 1889-1900, and 1904-1923; Lt, 1892; Divisional Ordnance Officer, Tirah Expeditionary Force, North West Frontier, India, 1897-1898; Capt, 1899; service in China, 1900-1904; Brevet Maj, 1903; served in Burma, 1906-1907; Maj, Royal Garrison Artillery, 1909; Deputy Director of Ordnance Stores, 3 (Lahore) Divisional Area, India, 1913-1915; served in World War One, 1914-1918; Lt Col, 1916; retired 1923; died 1947.
The Parliamentary Recruiting Committee (PRC), was set up following the outbreak of war in August 1914. This was a cross-party organisation chaired by the Prime Minister, Herbert Asquith. It utilised the party infrastructure in parliamentary constituencies to support recruitment - party activists were called upon to distribute leaflets, and organise rallies, processions and public meetings. The PRC commissioned some 200 posters, mostly published before the introduction of conscription, Jan 1916. In Jul 1915, the PRC became the Parliamentary War Savings Committee.
Born in 1912; educated at Marlborough College, Royal Military College, Sandhurst and Staff College, Camberley; 2nd Lt, Wiltshire Regt (Duke of Edinburgh's Regt), 1932; Lt, 1935; personal assistant to Resident in Mysore, 1936-1938; seconded to Malay Regt, 1939-1945; Capt, 1940; wounded and held by Japanese as POW at Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, 1942, and Changi camp, 1942-1945; Maj, 1946; Staff College, Camberley, 1947; Military Secretary's Department, War Office, 1948-1950; Assistant Quartermaster General, HQ Western Command, 1952; Lt Col, 1953; commanded 4 Bn, Wiltshire Regt (Territorial Army), 1953-1956; Col, HQ Federation Army, Kuala Lumpur, 1956-1957; Military Adviser to Malayan High Commissioner in UK, London, 1957-1958; commanded 107 Ulster Independent Infantry Bde Group (Territorial Army), 1958-1961; retired in 1961; died in 1984.
Sub Lt, 1922; Lt Cdr, 1932; Cdr, 1936; Capt, 1940; served on HMS GUARDIAN, British Pacific Fleet, 1945-1950; died in 1980.
Born in 1920; served in World War Two with BEF, France and Central Mediterranean Forces, Italy; responsible for signals operation in Southern Italy, 1945; joined staff of Sheffield College of Technology (later merged with Sheffield City Polytechnic), 1949, later becoming Senior Lecturer in History; retired, 1980.
Born 1889; commissioned into the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 1907; Lt, 1912; Platoon commander, 2 Bn, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, Dublin and Carrickfergus, Ireland, 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; service with 2 Bn, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 13 Infantry Bde, 5 Div, 2 Corps, British Expeditionary Force (BEF), France and Belgium, Aug-Sep 1914; retreat from Mons, Belgium, Aug 1914; Battle of Le Cateau, France, 26 Aug 1914; captured by German forces, Le Cateau, France, 26 Aug 1914; POW, Germany, Sep 1914-Jan 1918; Capt, 1915; interned in the Netherlands, Jan-Nov 1918; employed by the Historical Section, Committee of Imperial Defence ( later Historical Section, Cabinet Office), 1918-1956; resigned from Army, 1927; retired 1956; died 1964. Publications: Compiled, with Brig Gen Sir James (Edward) Edmonds, Military operations, France and Belgium, 1915. Volume I ( Macmillan, London, 1927); If Germany attacks. The battle in depth in the west (Faber and Faber, London, 1940).
Born 1892; educated at Wellington College and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; commissioned into the Corps of Royal Engineers, 1912; Lt, 1914; served in World War One, 1914-1918; service on Western Front, Salonika, Greece and Palestine, 1914-1918; acting Capt, Royal Engineers, Territorial Force, 1916-1917; served in Salonika, 60 (London) Div, 1916-1917; Adjutant, Territorial Force, 1916-1918; Capt, 1917; awarded MC, 1917; Egyptian Expeditionary Force, Palestine, 1917-1918; served with Egyptian Army, Sudan, 1918-1919; Maj, 1928; Deputy Assistant Director of Works, War Office, 1931-1933; Chief Instructor, General Staff Officer 2, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 1933-1936; Brevet Lt Col, 1934; Lt Col, 1936; Col, 1937; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; Assistant Adjutant General, War Office, 1939-1940; temporary Brig, 1940; commanded Infantry Bde, 1940-1941; acting Maj Gen, 1941; Chief Engineer, Allied Forces, 1941-1945; served in Middle East, 1942; temporary Maj Gen, 1943; British North Africa Force and Allied Forces Headquarters, 1943; awarded CBE, 1943; retired 1945; Hon Col, 120 Construction Regt, Royal Engineers, Territorial Army, 1948-1950; Director General, Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, 1950-1959; Hon Col, 121 Army Engineer Regt, Royal Engineers, Territorial Army, 1952-1959; died 1969.
Born 1912; educated at Winchester and Royal Military College, Sandhurst; commissioned into the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 1932; Lt, 1935; service with Royal West African Frontier Force, 1935-1939; served in World War Two in UK, Italy and India with Airborne Forces, 1939-1945; Capt, 1940; temporary Maj, 1940-1942; Bde Maj, 1941-1942; served with Airborne Forces, 1941-1948; General Staff Officer 2 (Air), 1944-1945; Maj, 1946; Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Div Headquarters, 1947-1948; temporary Lt Col, 1947-1951; Instructor, Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, 1948-1950; awarded OBE, 1949; General Staff Officer 1 (Operations and Training), Allied Land Forces Central Europe, 1951-1952; Lt Col, 1952; Commanding Officer, 1 Bn, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 1952-1955; Col, 1955; temporary Brig, 1955-1958; commanded 44 Independent Parachute Bde (Territorial Army), 1955-1958; awarded CBE, 1958; commanded 1 Bde, Royal Nigeria Regt, Northern District, Nigeria, 1958-1961; Brig Q (Equipment), War Office, 1961-1962; Maj Gen, 1962; General Officer Commanding, Cyprus District, 1962-1964; awarded CB, 1965; Director of Infantry, Ministry of Defence, 1965-1967; retired 1968; died 1976.
Born 1887, Ostrowo (now Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland), into Jewish family; went to school in Berlin, 1897; joined university, 1906, including a year of military service; qualified as a junior lawyer, 1909; fully qualified as solicitor, 1913; called up, 1914, was NCO throughout war (due in part to anti semitism); sent to unit in Rostock, Baltic coast; sent to Western Front, 1914 Dec; joined unit on Eastern Front, 1915 Oct, served in Russia and along Hungarian-Rumanian border; discharged from army, 1918 Sep 9; promoted to Lieutenant 2 days later; practised as solicitor, 1918-1941; held for 24 hours in concentration camp after events of Kristallnacht, 1938; emigrated to USA, via France, Spain, Portugal, and Guatemala, 1941; settled in San Francisco, became an advocate for emigrants seeking restitution from the German government; died 1967.
The Women's Employment Publishing Company Ltd was established by the Central Employment Bureau for Women around 1913/14 in order to deal with its publications. The Central Bureau had been issuing the twice-monthly journal 'Women's Employment' since 1899 and other occasional publications in connection with their work and it was this that the Women's Employment Publishing Company continued from the parent organisation's offices in Russell Square. In addition to the main periodical, the press was also responsible for the publication of numerous editions of 'Careers [later, 'and Vocational Training']: A Guide to the Professions and Occupations of Educated Women and Girls', 'The Finger Post', 'Hints on how to find work' and 'Open Doors for Women Workers'. The directors just before the outbreak of the Second World War were H John Faulk (Chairman), Miss E R Unmack (Managing Director) and Miss A E Hignell (secretary). Despite problems cause by this disruption and a decline in the number of readers in this period, the company survived and continued publishing 'Women's Employment' until 1974.
The Tax Resistance League was established in 1909 with the aim of organising female resistance to taxation levied without any correspondent representation through voting rights. The organisation carried on a form of protest that dated back to 1870 when the Priestman sisters refused to pay income tax. The foundation occurred at a meeting held by Louisa Garrett Anderson that was attended by supporters of the Women's Freedom League including Cicely Hamilton and Dr Kate Aslam. By July 1910 the League had 104 members. Those who followed its principles, and whose actions extended to refusing to pay for certain types of licences, Inhabited House Duty, dog licenses, servants licences, etc were liable to have goods seized or be put in prison. House clearances by bailiffs were used as an opportunity to hold open-air suffrage meetings and the group was also involved in resistance to the census in 1911. The League held meetings in the premises of both the National Union for Women's Suffrage Societies and the Women's Social and Political Union, but overtures to many local organisations were refused due to opposition to the illegality of their actions. It held conferences in 1911 and 1912 and became part of the Federated Council of Women's Suffrage in 1912. At the outbreak of the First World War, an urgency committee ordered that the League's activities be suspended and a subsequent meeting of members confirmed this resolution, though the resolution was only passed by one vote. No more meetings were held until 1916 when they took part in the Consultative Committee of Constitutional Women's Suffrage Societies established by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in response to the government proposed changes to the national electoral register at the end of the war. A final meeting was held in 1918 after the vote was granted to women in order to officially wind up the organisation and dispose of its assets.
Alice Cameron spent a large part of her childhood in Egypt before returning to England to be educated at Blackheath High School. She then studied at Somerville College, Oxford from 1910, graduating in Classics in 1914. She went on to be trained as a volunteer nurse at St Bartholomew's Hospital, serving in Reading and then France until illness forced her to return home in the winter of 1916. She subsequently began organising the Federation of Women Workers trades union in Woolwich Arsenal until the end of the war. After the Armistice, she began work with the Young Men's Christian Association and was sent to France to undertake educational work with the troops remaining there. In 1920-21, she spent a year as a lecturer in philosophy at the University of Bangor then spent a term doing the same at Somerville. It was then for Oxford's Extra-Mural Delegacy that she began to teach the tutorial classes of the Workers' Educational Association in Lincoln that she would continue for the next fifteen years. There, she introduced a policy of giving the products of the practical classes, such as carpentry, to individuals and organisations that were in need of them. From this developed the independent People's Service Club, the first scheme for the voluntary service of the unemployed in the country, which continued this work in the town. Cameron described this in the book, 'Civilisation and the Unemployed' in 1934. She would later be asked to sit on the Unemployment Committee of the NCS and the Archbishop of York's Committee on Unemployment. At the end of the 1930s, when unemployment was falling in Lincoln, Cameron left for London where she became active during the Blitz. She also continued her work with the YMCA's educational service. After the War, she worked for the Allied Control Commission in Germany from 1945 to 1949, first, as an adviser on the women's work and then on the question of education. When she returned, she became one of the resident tutors in the centre established to allow German visits to become familiar with the United Kingdom in the post-war period. She subsequently became a lecturer for London University's Extra-Mural Department.
Anna Helene Askanasy (fl 1930-1970) was a Viennese woman, and Gustav Mahler's niece, who appears to have been involved in both the women's movement and the movement for peace which sprang up in Austria in the wake of the First World War. She spoke at the conference on statelessness which was organised by Mary Sheepshanks at the request of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and which was held in Sep 1930. She also entered into correspondence with both Robert Briffault and Mary Beard at some point. At another stage she began writing a book in German whose English translation was 'The Catastrophe of Patriarchy' and worked with Birgitta M Schulte on the publication of the 'Lexikon der Frau' in Switzerland in 1953-1954. She appears to have been active until around 1970.
Annie Ramsay (fl 1913) was one of those who took part in the Women's Pilgrimage organised by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. This took place in 1913 with members of the Local branches of the Union crossing the country between Jun-Jul 1913 and converging on London at a large rally in Hyde Park. Their aim during the spiritually themed march was to raise awareness of their aims and create propaganda which counteracted perceived hostile public opinion that, they believed, had been generated by the violent militant actions of the Women's Social and Political Union.
Marjory Sharp (1882-1967) was a teacher and social worker, who was also active in the suffrage movement. A mother of eight children, she supported the family financially and enjoyed an international correspondence once they had grown up.
Katie Edith Gliddon was born in 1883 in Twickenham. She studied at the Slade School of Art between 1900-1904. Katie probably became a member of the Women's Social and Political Union in Croydon some time around 1910 at the same time as her brother Paul, who took the name of Charles Gray to protect his family, was acting as an organiser of the Men's Political Union for Women's Enfranchisement. By 1911 she had already written several articles on the subject of women's suffrage for various newspapers. In 1912 she was arrested for breaking the window of a Post Office in Wimpole Street, subsequently serving a period from March to April in Holloway. Katie became an art teacher. She retired to Worthing and lived into her eighties, before dying some time in the 1960s.
Constance Lytton was born in 1869, the daughter of Robert, the first Earl of Lytton and Viceroy of India, and Edith Villiers. She was educated at home, in India and then in Europe where the family returned in 1880. In the 1890s Constance Lytton's attachment to a young man of a lower social class was ended by her mother while her sister Elizabeth married Gerald Balfour. Balfour and his sisters, Frances and Emily, were deeply involved in the women's suffrage movement, and influenced their new sister-in-law, but it was not until 1909 after Lytton had made contact with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence and Annie Kenney that she joined a suffrage group: the Women's Social and Political Union. The following year, in 1910, Lytton took part in a demonstration at the House of Commons where she was arrested. Her imprisonment was made easier, however, when her identity and her poor health were discovered and she was sent to spend her sentence in the prison infirmary. Consequently, at later demonstrations she took a false name and was arrested as Jane Warton, a London seamstress. She was sentenced to fourteen days, went on hunger strike, and was forced fed eight times until her identity was again uncovered and she was immediately released. In 1910 she was appointed a paid WSPU organiser and in 1911 she was arrested once again for breaking a post office window after the failure of the Conciliation Bill, but the trial was delayed when she suffered a heart attack in custody. She was released when the poor state of her health became clear and her fine was paid anonymously. Soon afterward Lytton suffered a stroke which left her partly paralysed. Her activities from now on were concentrated on writing propaganda for the WSPU. She published a series of pamphlets and articles and a book on her experiences and those of fellow inmates with the title, 'Prisons and Prisoners'. After the cessation of militant activity at the outbreak of the First World War, Lytton began to work with Marie Stopes in the campaign to establish birth-control clinics in Britain but spent much of her time as an invalid cared for by her family. She died in 1923.
Sir William Fothergill Cooke was born in Ealing in 1806. He was educated at Durham and Edinburgh Unviersity and then served in the Indian Army 1826-1831. Resumed his studies at Paris and Heidelberg, where he saw Professor Moncke's demonstration of the electric telegraph. He returned to England and began experiments on its application to alarm systems and railway signalling in 1836. His electrical knowledge was, however, lacking and he had almost given up his ideas on the telegraph when he met Charles Wheatstone, who had the necessary scientific knowledge and skill. The two men entered into partnership and took out a joint patent for an alarm system in May 1837. Cooke persuaded the London and Birmingham Railway Company and the Great Western Railway company to sanction experiments along their lines and he and Wheatstone further developed their telegraph, Wheatstone providing the technical expertise and Cooke the business prowess and practical knowledge. The partnership was however, an uneasy one. The issue of priority of invention came to dominate their relationship and was taken to arbitration in 1841 before Sir Marc Isambard Brunel and Professor John Frederic Daniell, who decided that Cooke and Wheatstone were equally and jointly responsible for it. However, the dispute resurfaced in 1845 and in 1846 Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company which bought their joint patents. Cooke was knighted in 1868, and died at Farnham, Surrey on 25 June 1879.
The case was a cause celebre for the antivivisection movement. Miss Emilia Augusta Louise Lind-af-Hageby (1878-1963) was a Swedish woman who settled in England, and was founder of the Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society. In 1911 she was responsible for opening a shop in Piccadilly displaying the reality of vivisection. In May 1912 two articles by Dr C W Saleeby appeared in the Pall Mall Gazette accusing her anti-vivisection campaign of being based on lies and falsification. Miss Lind-af-Hageby then brought a suit for libel against Dr Saleeby, with his co-defendents W Waldorf Astor, proprietor of the Pall Mall Gazette, J L Garvin, the editor, and D C Forrester, the printer. She conducted her own case, and the action lasted from 1st-23rd April 1913. A summary account of the case and its significance can be found in E Westacott: A Century of Vivisection and Anti-Vivisection (The C W Daniel Co, Ltd, Ashingdon, Rochford, Essex, England, 1949), pp 502-505. Miss Lind-af-Hageby lost the case but obtained valuable publicity for the anti-vivisection cause.
No details at present.
Wood's studies of x-ray and radium therapy at the Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, London, led to her appointment in 1934 as Director of Radium Beam Therapy Research at the London Radium Institute, using radium from the Belgian Congo. In 1941 the work was moved to Hammersmith Hospital and renamed the Radiotherapeutic Research Unit, responsible solely to the Medical Research Council. Wood remained the Director and also directed the Hospital's radiology department until her retirement in 1962. Under her, the unit carried out trials of teleradium, introduced the use of the electron linear accelerator for supervoltage therapy and developed the first medical cyclotron for studies with short-lived radio-isotopes, for neutron radiobiology and neutron therapy. Further biographical details can be found in the obituaries in the British Medical Journal and the Lancet.
Thomas Hodgkin was born in London in 1798, the son of John Hodgkin (1766-1845), a private tutor. The family were strong Quakers and originated in Warwickshire. He trained in medicine at Edinburgh University, taking his MD in 1823. After travels in Europe he became Curator of the Medical Museum and Inspector of the Dead at Guy's Hospital, London. His pathological work led him to the first description of what is now known as Hodgkin's Disease in his honour. He left Guy's Hospital following his failure, in 1837, to be appointed Assistant Physician and after a short period at St Thomas's Hospital devoted himself to private practice and to his other interests. He had a keen interest in the world beyond Europe and in particular in the societies there that were threatened with cultural extinction by the spread of European commercial, political or cultural dominion; his works in this area included playing a moving role in the foundation and functioning of the Aborigines Protection Society. In 1850 he married Sarah Frances Scaife, a widow, from Nottingham. The couple had no children of their own but there were two sons from her first marriage. He died in 1866 at Jaffa while on a journey with his friend Sir Moses Montefiore (1784-1885) to negotiate for better treatment for Jewish residents in Palestine.
Tyler Dispensing Chemists were based in Abingdon Road, London W12.
Ieuan Ellis studied dentistry at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, and qualified in 1941.
Sir Thomas Lewis (1881-1945) was a clinical scientist and cardiologist. Details of his career can be found in the catalogue record for the Wellcome Library's Lewis papers (PP/LEW) and in the Journal of Medical Biography volume 2 (1994), pp 63-70. Sir John Gaddum (1900-1965) was a pharmacologist. Details of his career can be found in his obituary in the Lancet, 1965 volume 2, pp 194-195. Lady Gaddum (née Iris Halmer) (1894-1992) worked for two years in Lewis's department at University College Hospital Medical School. She was one of the first women to gain a medical degree. Her specialism was dermatology. Details of her career can be found in her obituary in the British Medical Journal volume 306 p 852. John Honour worked for several years as a laboratory assistant in Lewis's department before he qualified as a doctor.
Unknown.
W.J Manktelow was born in 1918, he went on to became a branch manager at Boots the Chemist. These notebooks were compiled by him while he was on the Chemist and Druggist course in the Department of Pharmacy at Brighton Technical College, September 1937 to June 1938.
John Simons, OBE, MRCS, LRCP, JP (1900-1971) studied medicine at Guy's Hospital, London, after being invalided out of the Regular Army during the First World War. He qualified in 1925 and spent several years in the Sudan Medical Service,during which time he was Chief Medical Officer, Kordofan Province, retiring in 1931. His subsequent career as an Ear, Nose and Throat surgeon, first at the London ENT Hospital and from 1936 at Crowborough Hospital in Kent, was interrupted by distinguished service in the Second World War, with the Phantom reconnaissance unit and later as senior medical officer, 1 Tank Brigade, and Commanding Officer, 220 Field Ambulance, in North Africa, Italy and Germany. Died 1971.
The 11th International Veterinary Congress was held at Central Hall, Westminster in 1930. It was the first congress meeting since 1909.
Faller's Pharmacy was opened by Faller Snr in 1932 and was finally closed down in 1979 by Mr Faller's son. These volumes containing details of prescriptions dispensed cover the whole lifespan of the business. All of them are indexed.
John Page graduated in medicine from Trinity College, Dublin, and joined the Royal Navy as a probationary surgeon-lieutenant in 1930. He was appointed to the Royal Naval Hospital in Hong Kong in 1939. After the capitulation of Hong Kong to the invading Japanese in December 1941, selected medical staff, including Page, served from February to August in St Teresa's Hospital at Kowloon, which served the Prisoner of War camps at Shamshuipo and Argyll Street, where death rates from diphtheria were appalling. In September, Page contracted the disease himself, and fortunately could not accompany a draft of prisoners of war to Japan on the 'Lisbon Maru' - the ship was torpedoed with the loss of half the draft. Page was sent with the next draft in January 1943 to Amagasaki camp near Osaka. The prisoners were forced to work at a heavy foundry, which added to problems of exhaustion and diet deficiency, and also led to industrial accidents. In June 1944, Page was put in charge of a new 'International Prisoner of War Hospital' at Kobe, a propaganda exercise for Red Cross visits. Drugs and vitamins from the USA were plentiful, but the diet was even more deficient than in the labour camps. Direct hits on the hospital at Kobe during an American raid on 5 June 1945 resulted in the deaths of 3 patients outright and a further 6 from injuries, and the destruction of admission, diet and case records. Death and operation record were saved. The survivors moved to an evacuated camp at Maruyama, where on the 21st August Colonel Murata, o/c Osaka command, brought official news of the Japanese surrender. Page's account of the interview is in the back of the Kobe operations book (Ref C4). From 7th September, Page's patients were transferred to Yokohama or Manila for further treatment.
Nicholl received his medical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital and held various posts including Hon. Surgeon to Stoke Newington Dispensary, Senior House Surgeon at the Metropolitan Free Hospital, and Consulting Surgeon at the British Asylum for Deaf and Dumb at Clapton. The diaries include mention of his calls on patients and their visits to consult him, as well as his personal appointments, listing his day to day financial accounts at the back of each volume. He lived in South Kensington and his private patients included General Fuller, General Fryer, Lady Raglan, General Sir Thomas Fraser and other titled people.
Lewis and Burrows Ltd was formed in 1895 to acquire and amalgamate under one management several pharmacy businesses in north and west London, including Burrow's Drug Stores in Brompton Road and Westbourne Grove, Matterson's Drug Stores in New Oxford Street and Wigmore Street, Lewis's Drug Stores in Great Portland Street, Kilburn High Road and Baker Street, and Trick's Drug Stores in Green Lanes and Abney Park Terrace, Stamford Hill. Photographs of the premises are reproduced in the prospectus, a copy of which is enclosed in the Allotment Book (GC/134/2).
The papers in this collection relate to a four year project funded by the DHSS to set up an Occupational Medicine Department in Bedford Hospital, for the staff: the first such department in this country, initiated in 1967. They include reports to the DHSS and minutes of the committee administering the department. There are also the minutes of a committee set up under the auspices of the Westminster Group to set up an Occupational Health Department, and the tapes and slides used in a tape-slide presentation on occupational health in hospitals.
Relating to the prevalence of spirilium fever among the native population of Swaziland, 1913.
Nicholson's career was primarily in ornithology, natural conservation and questions of the relationship between development and the environment. These papers relate to his concern with issues of population. Carlos Paton Blacker and Nicholson were both founder members of the Simon Population Trust (founded 1957), but had already been in correspondence on matters relating to population and eugenics. Education at Sedbergh School, Cumbria 1920s; read history at Hertford College, Oxford; Birds In England, 1926, How Birds Live, 1927 1931 (As assistant editor of the Weekend Review) wrote supplement A National Plan For Britain; Created the British Trust for Ornithology, 1932; Songs Of Wild Birds (with gramaphone records). Produced with Ludwig Koch, 1937; helped found the Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, 1938; Handbook Of British Birds (helped H F Witherby), 1938-1941; Joined the civil service heading the allocation of tonnage division at the Ministry of War Transport, 1940; In 1945 given a post in the Deputy Prime Minister's office, which led to him chairing the committee for the 1951 Festival of Britain; with Julian Huxley (the then Director General of the United Nations scientific and education organisation Unesco) involved in forming the Scientific International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) now the World Conservation Union, 1947-1948; setting up of the Nature Conservancy, 1949; contracted polio whilst leader of the UN Food and Agricultural Organisation survey team in Baluchistan, 1952; Director-general of the Nature Conservancy, 1952-1966; Instrumental in setting up the Council For Nature, 1958; helped found the Conservation Corps (the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers) and to develop the Wildlife Trusts Movement, 1959; with Peter Scott and others, helped create the World Wildlife Fund, 1961; convenor for conservation of the International Biological Programme, 1963-1974; wroteThe System, 1967; The Environmental Revolution, 1970; initiated what is now the Trust for Urban Ecology, 1977; The Birds of the Western Palearctic, 1977-1994; President of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, 1980-1985; Trustee of Earthwatch Europe, 1985-1993; created The New Renaissance Group, 1994. Also founder member and chairman of Common Ground International, Head of the world conservation section of the International Biological Programme. Had three sons: Piers, Tom (by first wife Mary Crawford) and David (by second wife Toni).
Barclay Barrowman JP, DTM, FCO, FRSH (1896-1978) was a malariologist. He was born and educated in Glasgow, served during World War One as a medical officer with the Royal Navy in various parts of the world. In 1923 he joined Sir Malcolm Watson in private practice in Klang, the royal capital of Selangor, Federated Malay States, becoming sole principal of the practice in 1928. In 1930 he was appointed Personal Physician to the Sultan of Selangor, and was one of the first two Europeans invested with the Name, Rank and Style of Dato'Semboh di Raja, in 1937. The Sultan's successor appointed him a Justice of the Peace. He served as President of the Malayan Branch of the British Medical Association. He made original and significant advances in the treatment and preventive control of malaria, including running instructional courses under the auspices of the League of Nations. He also made contributions to the improved housing and social welfare of local labour forces on plantations and in the towns and villages of Malaya. During the Second World War, he acted in a civilian capacity for the Australian Military Forces until he accepted an appointment with the Malayan Planning Unit of the War Office in London, and then returned to Malaya with the Military Administration as Advisor in Malariology with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, later Colonel. He remained with the civil administration until the permanent Colonial Services officers returned, while reorganising his medical practice for handover to his partner, retiring with serious ill-health in 1947. After his retirement the communities of Klang petitioned to commemorate his services by naming the new highway to Port Swettenham Barrowman Road. He died on 31 Jan 1978. There is an obituary in the British Medical Journal, 1978, i, p. 514.