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Tyler and Company Limited were wine merchants. They were incorporated in 1908 and their registered office was in Woking, although they had branches nationwide. They were bought by Allied Breweries Limited and merged with the Victoria Wine Company to form Victoria Wine-Tylers Limited.

The certificate of incorporation for Thomas Wylie and Company is dated October 1930. The company was a wine dealer based in Glasgow.

Ind Coope Tetley Ansell Limited was registered as a limited company in 1961 and was the result of a merger between Ind Coope Limited, Romford, Essex and Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, Tetley Walker Limited, Leeds, West Yorkshire and Ansells Brewery Limited, Birmingham, West Midlands. In 1963 the company was renamed Allied Breweries Limited. The companies pooled there resources but still functioned independently. In 1968 the Showerings, Vine Products and Whiteways group merged with Allied Breweries. A new parent company, Allied-Lyons plc was established after the acquisition of J Lyons and Company Limited, a food manufacturing and distribution company.

Allied Breweries acquired numerous other companies including Wm Teacher and Sons Limited in 1976, United Rum Merchants Limited in 1984, and the Canadian group Hiram Walker-Gooderham and Worts Limited in 1984, which made Allied Breweries the leading international wines and spirits producer and distributor. This position was reinforced by the acquisition of James Burroughs Distillers in 1989 and the buy-out of Whitbread's 50 per cent holding in the companies joint venture company, European Cellars (Holdings) Limited. During the 1980s Allied Breweries began to fragment with various companies being sold off. The result was Allied Domecq which concentrated on wines and spirits. Allied Breweries pulled out of the brewing business around 1990.

The Horseshoe Brewery was founded before 1764 and was situated at 269 Tottenham Court Road, London. The business was purchased by Sir Henry Meux after a dispute at his previous business, Reid, Meux and Company, resulted in him leaving. The Horseshoe Brewery had previously been managed by Blackburn and Bywell. The brewery traded under the name Henry Meux and Company. Sir Henry Meux the Second ran the brewery after the death of his father in 1841 until 1878 when Henry Bruce Meux and Lord Tweedmouth took over management and renamed the company Meux's Brewery Company Limited which was registered in 1888. In 1921 operations were transferred to the Nine Elms Brewery, Nine Elms Road, Wandsworth which was the premises of Thorne Bros Limited, acquired by Meux in 1914. The Nine Elms Brewery was renamed the Horseshoe Brewery and the old Horseshoe Brewery was closed. The company acquired Burge and Company Limited, Victoria Brewery, Victoria Street, Windsor, Berkshire in 1931 and Mellersh and Neale Limited, Reigate, Surrey in 1938. In 1956 Meux's Brewery merged with Friary, Holroyd and Healy's Breweries Limited, Guildford, Surrey, to form Friary Meux Limited. Meux's Brewery Company Limited went into liquidation in November 1961 and the Horseshoe Brewery ceased to brew in 1964.

James Farren and Joseph Till leased the Nine Elms Brewery, Nine Elms Lane, Vauxhall, London from 1833 to 1841 after which it was acquired by John Mills Thorne who was joined by his brother Benjamin Thorne in 1861. Thorne Bros Limited was registered as a limited liability company in 1897. Thorne Bros Limited took over a number of other breweries in London and Surrey and were themselves acquired by Meux's Brewery Company Limited, London in 1914. In 1921 Meux's Brewery transferred its operations to the Nine Elms Brewery which was renamed the Horseshoe Brewery. The brewery was closed in 1964.

Burge and Company Limited was founded at Victoria Brewery, Victoria Street, Windsor, Berkshire prior to 1840 when Burge and Burn began trading. Between 1866 and 1896 the company was managed by Alexander Shipley and then by Sir A W Shipley until is death in 1922. The company was registered as a limited liability company in 1920 and was acquired by Meux's Brewery Company Limited in 1931. The brewery site was sold in 1935 and the company went into liquidation in 1962.

James Farren and Joseph Till leased the Nine Elms Brewery, Nine Elms Lane, Vauxhall, London from 1833 to 1841 after which it was acquired by John Mills Thorne who was joined by his brother Benjamin Thorne in 1861. Thorne Bros Limited was registered as a limited liability company in 1897.

Thorne Bros Limited took over a number of other breweries in London and Surrey and were themselves acquired by Meux's Brewery Company Limited, London in 1914. In 1921 Meux's Brewery transferred its operations to the Nine Elms Brewery which was renamed the Horseshoe Brewery. The brewery was closed in 1964.

Claude-General Neon Lights was launched by the General Electric Company in 1930, in partnership with the French inventor Georges Claude. According to the Times of 1 July 1931, General Electic Company reported at their Annual General Meeting that "this company occupies itself with the production and sale of luminous gas discharge devices for advertising and other purposes. Already the Air Ministry have placed important contracts through the G.E.C. with Claude-General for Neon Beacons, and the company is also carrying out a large contract for the Croydon Aerodrome for luminous devices connected with the safe landing of aeroplanes during fog". By 1939 Claude-General was described at the G.E.C AGM as the "leading company in the electrical sign world".

In 1960 the name changed to Claudgen Limited. Further name changes: Lloydsecond Limited in 1992; The Tetley Visitor Centre Limited 1993; Tetley's Brewery Wharf Limited 2000; became Leeds Wharf Limited which was dissolved in 2009.

Prior to the Norman Conquest in 1066, Earl Harold Godwinson, later King Harold, was Lord of Harmondsworth manor. William the Conqueror gave the manor to the Benedictine Abbey of Holy Trinity, Rouen in 1069. In 1086 the manor of 'Hermondesworde' had three mills and was valued at £20. In 1391, William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester purchased the estate to provide revenue for his newly-founded College of Saint Mary in Winchester. In 1544, Henry VIII compelled the College to exchange Harmondsworth for other property. The manor was then granted by the Crown in 1547 to Sir William Paget (born circa 1505, died 1563), of Staffordshire, together with the manor of Drayton.

Sir William Paget increased his possessions under Edward VI and was granted Beaudesert, Staffordshire, the principal family seat. Paget was created Baron Paget of Beaudesert, by the Earl of Warwick when Paget deserted the Duke of Somerset as his advisor. Under Mary I, Paget became a member of the Privy Council, but under Elizabeth I he was excluded from the Queen's Council due to his support of Catholicism. On his death in 1563, he had lands in West Drayton, Harmondsworth and Iver, and estates in Staffordshire, Buckinghamshire, Kent, Shropshire, and property in London. His lands in Harmondsworth included the lesser manors of Puryplace, Malinglawe, Luddyngton, and Barnarde.

Sir William Paget, the first Lord Paget of Beaudesert, married Ann Preston and had four sons and six daughters. His eldest son Henry became second Lord Paget and died 1568. Henry's brother Thomas became third Lord Paget. Thomas was also a strong supporter of the Catholic faith and was named by Mary Queen of Scots in the Babington Plot against Elizabeth I. Thomas and his brother Charles were attainted for treason in 1587 and their property was confiscated by the Crown. The manors of Drayton and Harmondsworth was granted for life by Elizabeth I to her favourite Sir Christopher Hatton who was made Chancellor in 1597.

Thomas Paget, the third Lord Paget died in exile in 1590 and was succeeded by his only son William (born 1572, died 1629). William accepted the Protestant faith, was knighted, and went to Cadiz with the Earl of Essex in 1596. On this return he secured Government posts, and the honours and lands lost in 1587 were restored to him by James I, following Sir Christopher Hatton's death in 1603. The manor continued under the Paget family until the 18th century when it was sold by the Earl of Uxbridge.

The North East Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board was one of the original 14 Hospital Boards and 35 Teaching Hospital Boards established in 1948. It reported directly to the Ministry of Health and was responsible for health services in north east London and Essex. In 1974 a reorganisation of the National Health Service resulted in Regional Hospital Boards being replaced by Regional Health Authorities and the North East Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board was replaced by the North East Thames Regional Health Authority. The new Regional Health Authorities reported to the Department of Health and Social Security and ultimately Parliament.

The Manor of Osterley in Heston was purchased by property developer Nicholas Barbon in 1683. Barbon conveyed the Manor to two co-mortgagees including the banker Sir Francis Child the elder (1642-1718). Child took possession of the Manor on Barbon's death in 1698, while his son Robert Child (d 1721) bought out the co-mortgagee, so that the Child family owned the whole estate. The family expanded the estates by purchasing nearby Manors and commissioned Robert Adam to redesign the house.

The estates and Child's Bank were inherited by Sarah Anne (1764-1793), daughter and sole heir of Robert Child (d. 1782). Under the terms of Robert Child's will the estates passed to Sarah Anne's daughter Lady Sarah Sophia Fane (1785-1867), who was said to have an income of £60,000 a year. Lady Sarah married George Villiers, the fifth Earl of Jersey (1773-1859) who took the name Child-Villiers in 1812. Osterley Park stayed in the Jersey family until 1949 when it was sold to the National Trust.

In 1800 the Manor of Hayes was sold to the executors of Robert Child's will and was therefore added to Osterley and passed to Lady Sarah Sophia Fane and her husband the Earl of Jersey. They sold the Manor in 1829 to Robert Willis Blencowe.

The Manors of Norwood and Southall were united in 1547. In 1754 they were sold to Agatha Child who left them to her son Francis Child. They were united with the Manor of Hayes and followed the same descent-passing to the Jersey family and then sold to Robert Willis Blencowe.

For more information about Osterley Park and Manor see 'Heston and Isleworth: Osterley Park', and 'Heston and Isleworth: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 3: Shepperton, Staines, Stanwell, Sunbury, Teddington, Heston and Isleworth, Twickenham, Cowley, Cranford, West Drayton, Greenford, Hanwell, Harefield and Harlington (1962), pp. 100-111 (available online).

See also 'Hayes: Manors and other estates' and 'Norwood, including Southall: Manors', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4: Harmondsworth, Hayes, Norwood with Southall, Hillingdon with Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, Perivale, Ruislip, Edgware, Harrow with Pinner (1971), pp. 26-29 and pp. 43-45.

The Grand Order of Israel Friendly Society was inaugurated by Henry Angel and friends on 9 September 1896. Their aim was "to establish a Lodge in every town and city where our co-religionists reside". Membership involved a permanent allegiance to the Jewish cause and service for one's co-religionists and believed that co-operation among Jewish people helps to foster the Jewish conscience and one's obligation to fellow Jews by supporting Communal Institutions and endeavours.

In 1901 17 lodges had been established (13 in London and 4 in the provinces) with 1,856 members and funds totalling £2,733. By 1914 there were 81 lodges, 9,474 members and funds totalling £23,425.

The Grand Order of Israel became the first Jewish approved Society in the country after the introduction of the National Insurance Act in 1912 and full time staff were appointed. London was the centre of activity for the Order but lodges were set up in all the large cities of Great Britain and Ireland. During the two World Wars the Order gave assistance to 'aliens' and succour to refugees. The Order was the first Jewish Approved Society under the National Health Insurance Scheme. At the time of the merger with the Order Shield of David in 1935 there were 54 lodges, 5,871 members and funds totalling £59,000

The Order Shield of David was established in 1896 and was originally known as the Hebrew Order of Druids. By 1903 it had ten lodges in London. The first General Secretary was Frank W Woolf who held the post for more than 30 years. In 1913 the Order Shield of David became an approved Society under the National Insurance Act 1912. At the time of the merger with the Grand Order of Israel there were 41 lodges, 3,578 members and funds totalling £19,000.

The Grand Order of Israel and the Order Shield of David merged in 1935. Details of the merger were agreed at conferences in 1932 and formally confirmed on 26 August 1934. Branksome Dene Convalescent Home was opened in 1951 in Bournemouth. Members were given two weeks at the home to recover from serious illness or after hospital treatment. The stay was covered by the benefit paid by the member. It closed after 30 years and instead members received grants from the Convalescent Fund.

The 'Messenger' was established in the early 1950s was a means of communicating with Order members and increase the profile generally in the Jewish community. The Messenger was replaced by 'Achov' which was published twice a year.

The introduction of the National Health Act resulted in a decline in membership as the National Health Service provided for the medical needs of people. The Order adapted to the changing needs of its members and the focus turned to social activities, which has lead to an increase in membership. The Society ran a number of schemes from which members and their dependents benefited. These include death and sickness funds, the private patients scheme and the holiday scheme. The Order also ran a number of social events and conferences including the annual dinner and ball, quiz evenings and the annual conference.

List of Grand Masters:

Grand Order of Israel:-
1896 - 1904 H Goodman
1904 - 1907 S Ginsberg
1907 - 1910 I Kutner
1910 - 1913 P M Phillips
1913 - 1917 M Levy
1917 - 1919 H Chesney
1919 - 1922 E Goldman
1922 - 1925 J Smith
1925 - 1928 E Moss
1928 - 1934 E Goldman
1931 - 1932 A J Jacobs
1932 - 1934 J Goldberg

Order Shield of David:-
1896 - 1906 H Harris
1906 M Appleby
1906 - 1907 C F Isaacs
1907 - 1910 J W Coevorden
1910 - 1917 H Harris
1917 - 1920 M Clapper
1920 - 1923 M Goldberg
1923 - 1926 J P Grossman
1926 - 1927 A Lazarus
1928 - 1931 A Ogus

Grand Order of Israel and Shield of David Friendly Society:-
1935 E Goldman
1935 - 1936 J Goldberg
1936 - 1939 J Wilks
1939 - 1942 J Slutsky
1942 - 1949 J F Sager
1949 - 1951 S Cohen
1951 - 1952 L L Tobin
1952 - 1954 J Solomons
1954 - 1955 L L Tobin
1955 - 1957 Dr K Jessel
1957 - 1958 M Simms
1958 - 1959 Dr K Jessel
1959 - 1961 L Davis
1962 - 1964 M Simms
1964 - 1965 L Davis
1965 - 1966 H C Goodman
1966 - 1969 J Brand
1969 - 1971 J Gold
1972 - 1974 W Phillips
1975 - 1979 B Steel
1979 - 1982 N Bloom
1982 - 1985 J Sampson
1985 - 1988 M Levine
1988 - 1990 S Cross
1990 - 1993 M Birnbaum
1993 - 1996 D Collins.

Secretaries of the Orders:

Grand Order of Israel:-
A Harries 1897 - 1915
E Moss 1916 - 1920
J Solomon 1921 - 1934.

Order of Shield of David:-
H Richland 1896 - 1897
F Woolf 1897 - 1930
M Lipton 1930 - 1934.

Grand Order of Israel and Shield of David:-
J Solomon 1935 - 1948
A Richmond 1948 - 1953
J Solomon 1953 - 1959
M Pliskin 1960 - 1978
J Lindsey 1978 - 1981
S Merrin 1981 - 1984
R Meth 1984 - 1993
R Salasnik 1993.

Edward Stephen Harkness of New York founded the Pilgrim Trust in 1930 by endowing it with a capital sum of just over two million pounds. A group of Trustees were appointed to oversee the granting of funds in Britain. Stanley Baldwin was the first Chairman of the Trust and Dr Thomas Jones the first Secretary. Other trustees were Lord Macmillan, John Buchan and Sir Josiah Stamp. They had authority to expend both the capital and the income of the fund and were given the discretion of absolute owners in the choice of investments.

Until the outbreak of the Second World War grants were split equally between the preservation of the historic heritage of Britain and schemes for the welfare of the unemployed. In the first ten years the Trust made grants totalling over £1 million, of which £460,000 had been given to schemes of Social Welfare and nearly £400,000 for the preservation of national monuments, archives and the countryside and the remainder to education and research.

During the Second World War the Trust focused on the welfare of the forces and of other engaged in the war effort, and the alleviation of hardship caused by the conflict. A scheme known as Recording Britain was also established, the aim of which was to give employment to artists while recording historic buildings and places at risk of destruction. This work was published in four volumes and the original paintings and drawings were presented to the Victoria and Albert Museum. Perhaps the most successful of the Pilgrim Trust's war-time efforts was the institution of the Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts, known as CEMA, which later developed into the Arts Council of Great Britain.

After the war there was less unemployment and the Welfare State had been established so the Trust devoted its resources to the numerous cathedrals, churches and ancient buildings of all kinds which had been neglected during the course of the war and were in serious states of disrepair. The Trust received so many requests for grants from parish churches that they approached the Archbishop of Canterbury about the national problem and there followed the establishment of the Historic Churches Preservation Trust and later the Council for Places of Worship. The Trust makes annual block grants to these organisations (the former for the preservation of individual churches and the latter for the restoration of works of art within these buildings).

The Pilgrim Trust's current priorities are as follows:

Social welfare:

• Projects that assist people involved in crime or in alcohol or drug misuse to change their lives and find new opportunities.
• Projects concerned with the employment, support or housing of people with mental illness.
• Projects in prisons and projects providing alternatives to custody that will give new opportunities to offenders and so assist rehabilitation.

• Projects for young people who are looked after by local authorities in residential or foster care and for those leaving that care.

  Art and learning:

• The promotion of scholarship, academic research, cataloguing and conservation within museums, galleries, libraries and archives, particularly those outside London.

• Trustees do not exclude acquisitions for collections, but funds for this purpose are strictly limited.

  Preservation:

• Preservation of particular architectural or historical features on historic buildings or the conservation of individual monuments or structures that are of importance to the surrounding environment.
• Projects that seek to give a new use to obsolete buildings that are of outstanding architectural or historic interest.

• The preparation and dissemination of architectural or historical research about buildings and designed landscapes and their importance to the community.

  Records:

• Cataloguing and conservation of records associated with archaeology, marine archaeology, historic buildings and designed landscapes.

  Places of worship:

• The Pilgrim Trust makes annual block grants for the repair of the fabric of historic churches of any denomination to the Historic Churches Preservation Trust for churches in England and Wales and to the Scottish Churches Architectural Heritage Trust.
• The Pilgrim Trust makes an annual block grant to the Council for the Care of Churches for the conservation of historic contents (organs, bells, glass and monuments etc.) and important structures and monuments in church yards for places of worship of all denominations.

Whitbread International was formed in 1967 as a subsidiary company to be responsible for Whitbread Group's overseas interests. The aim was to increase earnings from overseas assets to make up a third of all Company profits. However, following a reorganisation of the company's divisions in mid 1980s, Whitbread International disappeared into the new divisions of North America and Wines and Spirits. This reflected the company's focus on North American trade following the decision not to invest on the scale needed to exploit Continental business.

Stowell and Sons was a wines and spirits merchant bought by Whitbread and Company in 1920 for £20,000. The Company had been selling wine since 1878 when the first Stowells wine shop was opened in Ealing by Frederick Stanley Stowell. Moved to Britten Street, Chelsea (previously the Red Anchor Brewery) in 1927.

Although Whitbread's tied houses were not obliged to buy from Stowells the Company prospered selling in 1934 9,000 barrels of beer, 52,000 gallons of wine and 38,000 gallons of spirits.

Acquired or associated with: Findlater, Mackie and Company Limited; Spain and Albury Limited; E Robins and Sons Limited; The West End Wine Company Limited and Ellis, Wilson and Bacon Limited.

In 1965 the retail branches of both Stowells and Thresher's came under the management of Thresher, the Head Office being established at Britten Street, Chelsea. In 1968 the firm was renamed Stowells of Chelsea Limited and began concentrating solely on wholesale supplies to the free trade and to all Whitbread outlets. In 1978 the company was re-organised and given a national identity in response to the growing demand and the increasingly important role of wines and spirits in Whitbread's turnover.

In 1977 the Head Office moved with Thresher's to Great North Road, Hatfield, Hertfordshire and in 1982 to Sefton House, Church Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire.

The formalisation of the Whitbread organisation into six divisions saw Stowells of Chelsea incorporated into the Wines and Spirits division. They were later merged in 1989, along with the other Whitbread investments of Langenbach and Calvert, with Allied-Lyon's wine subsidiary Grants of James to form a joint venture known as European Cellars.

In 2003 the company changed their name from Stowells of Chelsea to Stowells Taste of the World.

Manor Park was one of Whitbread and Company's brewing depots, located in Ilford.

The Railway Tavern, located in Liverpool Street, near the train station, was owned originally by the Metropolitan Railway Company and was leased by the Company in 1907 to Thomas Read Hull for the term of 99 years.

The company of Hull and Venner Limited was formed in 1919 as a joint venture between James Henry Hull and the Forest Hill Brewery Company and the former agreed to leased the the Railway Tavern to Hull and Venner Limited for a period of 21 years. However, by 1922 it had been agreed that Hull and Venner Limited would take over the lease, compensating J.H. Hull accordingly, and in 1922 a special resolution was passed to increase the capital of the company to £25,000 which was divided into ordinary shares of £1 each. These were divided amongst the interested parties. The directors of the new company were Edwin John Venner and with James Henry Hull.

Whitbread gained an interest of 5,000 shares in The Railway Tavern through its takeover of the Forest Hill Brewery Company which became Whitbread Properties Limited. Whitbread bought out the rest of the Company in 1936 and then sold half of the shares to Bass Ratcliff & Gretton Limited in December of the same year.

In April 1937, it was agreed to change the name of the Company from Hull and Venner Limited to The Railway Tavern Company which was then brought under the auspices of Whitbread's Improved Public House Company Limited. John Edmund Martineau, John Stewart Eagles and Charles James Theobalds replaced James Hull and Edwin Venner as directors of the company although Martineau relinquished his post during the War and was replaced by Gilbert Keith Dunning.

The Railway Tavern was refitted in 2005.

The Mackeson brewery in Hythe became part of the Whitbread organisation when it was acquired in 1929 along with Jude Hanbury and Company Limited. Both companies were merged with Leney and Sons to form a group refered to collectively by Whitbread as The Kent Breweries.

Although reports vary, the brewery could have been founded as early as 1669 although it didn't begin commercial production of beer until 1907. It was most well known for its Mackeson recipe of milk stout using milk sugar, patented in 1875, which it began to produce in 1910. However, post-war disapproval from the Government of its claims over milk content resulted in the dropping the word "milk" from its labels. By the mid-1960s Mackeson accounted for over half of all Whitbread production however, owing to its low alcohol content of 3%, it fell out of fashion. Following the takeover of Whitbread by Interbrew it was brewed at their Magor brewery in Wales before being contracted to Young's.

The Mackeson line also includes triple (XXX) stout and XXXX stout brewed for both the American and British markets.

Douglas Ritchie Limited was incorporated in July 1946 as a family construction company located in Welford-upon-Avon. Its directors were Major Douglas C. Ritchie and Mr. J. Pridding who were also the principle share holders along with Douglas Ritchie's wife Mrs. O.M. Ritchie.

Douglas Ritchie Limited was purchased by Flowers Breweries Limited in 1958 and subsequently became part of the Whitbread organisation when Flowers Breweries Limited was acquired in 1962.

The Governesses Benevolent Institution was founded in London in 1841 to assist governesses during illness, poverty and old age. It was renamed the Schoolmistresses and Governesses Institution in 1952 and was still in existence in 2004.

1829-1843:

The Governesses Mutual Assurance Society was formed in 1829 to help alleviate the hardship suffered by governesses, especially in illness and old age. It planned to make grants in cases of illness and assist governesses to purchase annuities from funds subscribed to by the general public. The Society did not prosper, however, and ended in 1838. An attempt was made in 1841 to resurrect the Society and at a public meeting in May 1841, a two-fold institution comprising the Governesses' Benevolent Institution and the Governesses' Provident Fund was proposed. Fund raising was very slow and the institution's committee decided in 1843 that reorganisation was necessary.

1843-1860:

The modified institution concentrated initially on providing immediate relief for needy governesses. The Ladies' Committee began administering temporary payments in 1843. The Provident Fund was established soon after to encourage governesses to purchase annuities that would mature on their retirement. The Institution began investing in Government securities and private enterprise for financing annuities. Annuities were allocated to applicants elected to receive them by the Institution's membership and the first was given in 1844.

In 1845, the Institution established a home for unemployed governesses in Harley Street. It moved to Cavendish Street in 1927 and closed in 1930. The Institution opened an Asylum for Aged Governesses in Prince of Wales Road, Kentish Town in 1849. Queen's College in Harley Street was set up in 1848 with funding from the Institution to provide an education for school mistresses and governesses. The Institution received its Royal Charter in 1848 and Queen's College received its own charter in 1853. These early achievements occurred during the tenure of Reverend David Laing (1800-1860), the Institution's first Honourary Secretary who served from 1843 until his death.

1861-1939:

The Asylum was sold in 1870 and the funds were used to purchase land at Chislehurst, Kent where a terrace of 12 houses were opened in 1872. These houses were renamed 'The Home for Retired Governesses' in 1911 and then 'The Queen Mary Homes for Governesses' in 1946. In 1905, the Institution was given 'Fairmont', a cliff-top house at Shanklin, Isle of Wight and it was opened in the same year as a holiday home for working governesses. Fairmont was sold in 1937 and the funds were used to establish the Assisted Holiday Scheme. In 1908, Mrs Ada Lewis-Hill bequeathed half of her estate to the Institution for building another governesses home. A scheme was set up to invest the funds for this purpose in 1917, and in 1924 'The Ada Lewis Governesses Homes' were opened at Beckenham, Kent.

In 1913, a private Act of Parliament gave the Institution wider powers for managing its investments and a reorganisation occurred in 1934 when a separate Executive Committee was formed to assist the Board of Management. The Almoner's Department was formed in 1930 to arrange visits to applicants and receivers of temporary assistance and annuities. The Clothing Department was formed soon afterwards to supply items of clothing and blankets to applicants and the Employment Department was incorporated in 1934 to continue provision of training and an employment agency for governesses. The Provident Department advised governesses and schoolmistresses on purchasing annuities for their old age but it was replaced in 1937 when members of the Institution's board set up the Governesses Mutual Provident Fund, an independent association for providing pensions. The company was renamed the Women Teachers Thrift Association in 1944. The Jubilee Memorial Fund for Aged and Destitute Governesses, founded in 1887 by Miss M.C. Westall, was amalgamated with the Governesses Benevolent Institution in 1938.

1940-1991:

In 1946, Queen Mary gave a substantial gift to the Institution. The gift was the endowment that the Queen had provided for the Holiday Home for Governesses between 1902 and 1944.

The decline in the numbers of governesses requiring financial assistance or employment services led to widespread changes to the structure and responsibilities of the Institution. The Governesses Benevolent Institution Act of 1952 amended the charter to permit eligibility for women teachers in independent schools and changed the Institution's name to the 'Schoolmistresses and Governesses Benevolent Institution' to reflect this. The Charity Commissioners allowed the Institution to admit elderly women from non-teaching professions to enter its residential accommodation in 1982 although its funds could not be used to help them financially.

The Institution purchased and converted 'Northwood', a house in Chislehurst, in 1955 for use as a nursing home for invalids. The Queen Mary Homes in Chislehurst were demolished in 1966 to make way for the construction of Queen Mary House, a purpose built residential home for accommodating 44 residents. Queen Mary House opened in June 1967, causing the closure of Ada Lewis Homes and Northwood. An additional wing was erected in 1972 for less active or temporarily sick residents.

In 1991, the Institution still offered free annuities, a residential home, visiting, grants for many special needs, help with holidays, and confidential advice to eligible women. Applicants must have been employed for the major part of their working lives in the private sector of education as governesses, schoolmistress, self employed teachers of language or music etc., matrons, secretaries, and teachers in adult, further and higher education. Applications were mainly invited from British subjects but under some circumstances, non-British nationals were assisted. Queen Mary House accepted applications for residence from women from comparable careers or professions.

The Institution was still in existence in 2004.

Offices of the Schoolmistresses and Governesses Benevolent Institution:
1843-1912 32 Sackville Street, London W
1912-1916 Walter House, 418-422 Strand, London WC
1916-1934 Dacre House, 5 Arundel Street, Strand, London WC2
1934-1959 58 Victoria Street, London SW1
1959-1981 39 Buckingham Gate, London SW1
1981- Queen Mary House, Manor Park Road, Chislehurst, Kent BR7 5PY.

Honorary Secretaries and Secretaries of the Institution:
Reverend David Laing 1843-1860 (Founder and Honorary Secretary)
C.W. Klugh 1845-1902
Reverend Alfred Buss (Honorary Secretary) 1886-1912
A. Wesley Dennis 1902-1921
A.F. Mullins 1921-1933
Colonel Sir Geoffrey Codrington 1933-1946
J.W. Beattie 1946-1972
F.G. Waters 1972-1974
R.W. Hayward 1974- .

The Victorian Society was founded in 1958 to raise awareness and promote preservation of architecture and design created between 1843 and 1914. At the time of its foundation, property developers, architects and widespread public opinion viewed Victorian design as ugly and it was swept aside in favour of Modernism. The Society was keen to preserve the finest examples of Victorian design but in order to do so, needed to devise standards for selecting the best. Early members included H S Goodhart-Rendel, John Betjeman, Christopher Hussey, John Brandon-Jones, Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Nikolaus Pevsner and the Society's first chairman was architect and town planner Lionel Brett, 4th Viscount Esher.

The original objects of the Society were to:

• draw attention to the merits and significance of the best of Victorian and Edwardian architecture, design crafts and decoration,

  • encourage the study of these, and that of related social history,
  • provide a point of contact for scholars of the period and to compile a register of research,
  • help to form a basis of aesthetic discrimination,
  • prevent the needless destruction of important Victorian and Edwardian buildings, and of their contents,
  • co-operate with the Ministry of Housing in the listing and protection of Victorian and Edwardian buildings of architectural and historic value,
  • make representations to local authorities and to give evidence at public enquiries.

  The Society's regular income consisted primarily of subscriptions from members. Benefits provided to members included town walks, building visits, Victorian-themed parties, conferences, lectures, and The Victorian, a triennial magazine. Early promotional activities included organising an exhibition of Victorian paintings in 1961 and cooperating in a conference in 1964 about the challenges facing the preservation and use of Victorian churches.

  The Society is subdivided into regional branches to focus on surveying buildings outside London. Initially, these were Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham groups but by 2004, there were a further five: Leicester, Great Eastern, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and South Wales. The Society was governed by a Council who were advised by a separate Committee. A series of sub committees were responsible for managing the day to day running of the Society.

  The Buildings Sub-Committee is responsible for assessing the value of Victorian buildings when listed building consent affecting them is sought from local planning authorities. On the basis of this evaluation, it makes its views known to planning authorities, developers and English Heritage. The Society will provide evidence to public inquiries held relating to Victorian and Edwardian buildings. On occasions, it has mounted active campaigns to protect buildings of special significance. An early example was the 'Save the Arch' campaign to prevent the demolition of the arch at Euston railway station. Other notable campaigns focused on the restoration of the Albert Memorial and the replacement of a Pugin stained glass window in Sherburne Abbey.

  The Victorian Society began managing Linley Sambourne House in Stafford Terrace, London as a museum in Autumn 1980. The house, built in the 1870s, was formerly the home of Anne, Countess of Rosse (nee Messell) and was where, at a party in 1957, Anne proposed setting up a Victorian society. She sold the house and its contents to the Greater London Council in 1980. The museum is now operated by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

  The Society's offices have previously been at 55 Great Ormond Street, London WC1 and 29 Exhibition Road, London SW7. They are currently at 1 Priory Gardens, Bedford Park, London W4.

Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications Limited was established in 1969. The name derives from two individuals who fought against colonialism and slavery during their time. Toussaint L'Ouverture of Haiti and Paul Bogle of Jamaica. They were both sons of slaves who rose to prominence and were a source of inspiration for their people.

The Huntleys lived in West London, Ealing, LB worked from their front room and when the business became too big for the front room rented shop premises at 5A Chignall Road.

Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications Limited was committed to discovering, promoting and disseminating Black history and Black contributions to the world in academic, creative and social fields. They took a strong political stance to achieve this and initiate change in England and throughout the Diaspora. The books, cards, artwork and workshops which they promoted had to be created by Black people and tell the story of Black people.

The countries of the Caribbean were involved in an anti-colonial struggle in the 1940s and pushing for independence. The Huntleys arrived in London in the 1950s and with others joined the struggle to have a voice and be accepted in the society. They began by producing and selling cards and posters which depicted Black people. Ironically the first book published, The Groundings with My Brothers came not from their struggles in England but from the struggles of historian Walter Rodney, in Jamaica, which they recognised as a universal struggle to disseminate Black history to ordinary people. To stop the voice of Black history from being silenced they decided to publish Rodney's speeches and make it available to as wide an audience as possible. The second publication, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa gave a view of the European encounter with Africa from a Black perspective. These books were often distributed free because publishing was not seen by the Huntleys and their supporters as a means to get rich but a political act to educate and inform.

As of 1984, Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications's list of directors included Jessica Huntley, Eric Huntley, Andrew Salkey, Venetta Ndbele and Ewart Thomas (who was based in the United States of America). The company described itself as "specialists in books from and about the Caribbean, Africa, Afro-America, Asia, [as well as] posters, greeting cards, African arts and crafts" (LMA/4462/E/06/004).

Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications also attracted a group of active supporters of artists, writers, teachers, students, parents and academics who shared a similar world view. Some of these later became Friends of Bogle-L'Ouverture and published work, organised events and raised funds to further the work of Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications.

The bookshop became the touch point for Black academics and Artists visiting the capital from around the globe. Once established it became a venue for workshops, readings and lectures and the promotion of positive representations of Black people. The life of the publishing house was intertwined with the concerns of the community and reflected their problems, achievements and ambitions. The name of the bookshop became synonymous with campaigns for justice and equality. The publishing house was an integral part of the African and Caribbean communities in London. Campaigns and organisations which were supported and/or created by the Huntleys included Bookshop Joint Action, the Radical Black Book Fairs, Black Parents Movement, Greater Access to Publishing, Supplementary Schools and the Newcross Massacre Committee, also campaigns against police harassment, the underachievement of Black children in the school system and the killing of Mikey Smith in Jamaica. In addition to these were the international campaigns against Apartheid in South Africa and repressive governments in the Caribbean.

No overall logo defined the publishing house. In the 1980s three books stacked in front of a circle was used. In the 1990s three flying birds and the letters BLP. In 2000 a large sun behind the words Bogle L'Ouverture.

The expansion into markets in Africa, Europe and the Caribbean, improved conditions for Blacks in London and the wide range of community initiatives in which the Huntleys were involved and the beginnings of an economic depression led to the liquidation of Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications.

In 1991 Bogle-L'Ouverture Press was incorporated after the closure of Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications Limited and relaunched in 1993. The catalogues state that, 'Like its predecessor, the Press is committed to promoting an independent and strong voice; one with which we can set our own agenda. The Press aims to provide a window on the world of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and other countries which are euphemistically known as the Third World.'

Published Books They published books by Black authors for four decades which reflected their reality. The first book The Groundings with my Brothers was a collection of speeches and lectures given by Walter Rodney to ordinary Jamaicans. The second publication was the children's book Getting to Know Ourselves by Bernard and Phyllis Coard.

How Europe Underdeveloped Africa was Rodney's third book and Bogle's second publication by this author. It was reprinted four times and in several languages. After the initial printing, print runs were in excess of 20,000 copies. Howard University bought the American rights and it became an essential university text.

Andrew Salkey was a stalwart supporter and eventually a Director and shareholder of the company. Bogle produced nine of his titles and his work was also published by mainstream publishers such as Oxford University Press.

Peter Gary Tatchell was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1952. He emigrated to Britain in 1971 to avoid being drafted to fight in the Vietnam War, which he actively opposed. He worked on a freelance basis in design and display whilst studying for a BSc in Sociology at the Polytechnic of North London, 1974-1977, after which he entered journalism.

Tatchell became interested in gay rights issues after hearing about the Stonewall Inn incident in New York village in 1969. After his arrival in Britain he became involved in gay politics after attending meetings of the Gay Liberation Front. He became a leading member of the group until it stopped meeting in 1974. He helped to organise the first Gay Pride march in 1972, as well as protests against police harrassment and the medical classification of homosexuality as an illness. In 1990 he co-founded direct action group OutRage!, which campaigns for equal rights for gay people, protesting against police entrapment, religious homophobia, censorship, the age of consent and homophobic lyrics in popular music. The group utilised a controversial tactic, 'outing', condemning those who lived secretly gay lives while denying it publicly. Tatchell also campaigns on behalf of the rights of gay people internationally, notably in Russia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. He has been physically attacked during protest action in Moscow and during an attempt to perform a citizen's arrest on Robert Mugabe.

In 1980 Tatchell became the Secretary of the Southwark and Bermondsey Labour Party. In 1983 he stood for election as the Labour Party candidate in the Bermondsey by-election, losing to Liberal candidate Simon Hughes. In 2004 he joined the Green Party, standing as a candidate for Oxford East in 2007, but withdrawing as a candidate in 2009 for health reasons.

Tatchell has also campaigned for anti-apartheid, anti-fascism, pro-Palestinian, environmental and animal rights movements. He was voted 6th on a 2006 New Statesman list of 'Heroes of our Time'; was named Campaigner of the Year in the 2009 Observer Ethical Awards; was named in the Evening Standard Most Influential Londoners lists of 2009 and 2011; and in 2009 was awarded a blue plaque on his Bermondsey flat.

Tatchell is the author of much journalism and several books, including The Battle for Bermondsey, 1983; Democratic Defense, 1985; AIDS: a Guide to Survival, 1987; Europe in the Pink, 1992; Safer Sexy: the Guide to Gay Sex Safely, 1994; and We Don't Want to March Stright: Masculinity, Queers and the Military, 1995.

For more information see: 'TATCHELL, Peter Gary', Who's Who 2011, A and C Black, 2011; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2010 ; online edn, Oct 2010.

The Barbican Arts Group (BAG, now renamed Hertford Road Studios) was established in 1972 as a self-managed artists' collective. The group consists of around 19 to 22 members including painters, sculptors, photographers, printmakers, ceramicists and mosaicists. In addition to artists' own work, the group has been involved with a number of community projects, notably educational work carried out by members in their local boroughs.

Hertford Road Studios is administered by the Barbican Arts Trust. The Trust became a registered charity in 1984 and oversaw both the management of artists' studios and co-ordination of the Groups community outreach programme, the Art Works Project. This was in keeping with the Trusts aims of developing and increasing an understanding of the visual arts outside the studio space and providing the greatest opportunity to the largest number of people to explore their creative potential. The Trust's status as a registered charity was a real strength providing a number of tax concessions and allowing it to remain almost entirely self-financed.

The Barbican Arts Group was originally housed in studios at number 2 Sycamore Street but in 1989 this building was officially reclassified from light industrial to offices and the Group was forced out. A media campaign was embarked upon with the result that a suitable building was found elsewhere. A company was identified that wished to sub-let the first floor of their premises in Hertford Road and the Group moved to these new studios in 1989 with a 15 year lease. To enable the move the Group received financial support from the then Greater London Arts. However the cost of converting the space, some 7,000 sq. ft. into 22 studio units was shared by the artists themselves. The studios varied in size from 150 to 400 sq. ft. with rent costing somewhere between £70 and £120 per month. The Barbican Arts Group, now renamed Hertford Road Studios, continued with the full range of their activities from their new location.

Pembroke and Pembroke are financial recruitment consultants based on Clerkenwell Green, London.

The Morgan Owen medal is the insurance world's most prestigious essay prize. The silver gilt medal and award of up to £2,000 is offered for the best essay entered by a Fellow or Associate of the Chartered Insurance Institute. The competition is run annually.

The Company website provides the following information: "Charles Samuel Hunting entered the oil business in the 1890's, expanding upon a successful ship owning firm set up by his father, also named Charles, in 1874. An inveterate traveller, he had journeyed the world "to study the oil trade" and in short order had pursued exploration prospects in Russia, built the first batch oil refinery on the Thames, invested in a production venture in Hungary and sought trading opportunities out of the Gulf of Mexico."

"He was a dynamic and directed man, characterised by his clear vision on what would power world trade. Leading by example he took a timely risk by ordering one of the first ever oil tankers. A subsequent building programme was to see one of the largest independent tanker fleets in the world flying the Hunting flag."

"The early shipping years bred a strong culture of trust and expectation of integrity. It was possible, after all in those pre-radio days, for a master of his ship to be away for nearly a year on some of the longest voyages. The ship's company needed the reassurance that the owners were working in their best interests and the owners on their part had to have faith in the dependence of their crew. This autonomous style of management is still deeply rooted."

"The First World War decimated the Hunting fleet and when Charles' two sons Percy and Lindsay got to grips with the business in the early twenties it was a desolate landscape that greeted the brothers. Determined once again to rebuild the fleet, Percy as "governing partner" also diversified the business by taking the company into aircraft servicing and manufacturing, and some years later an airline business, Hunting Clan. Much later the Hunting name in aviation became synonymous with a range of military and civil aircraft including the Jet Provost and in its nascent days the aircraft that would become one of Britain's best export sellers, the BAC 1-11."

"Yet further diversification came after the Second World War in which yet again Hunting personnel suffered the most appalling loss of life in the tanker trade. The urgency to test new markets, scan the horizon for new opportunities and to anticipate the needs of industry led the brothers into all sorts of ventures - and adventures. Not always successfully, but always with an eye to be leaders in the field. Oil had been struck in Texas, a world-class defence company had been established (whose precision engineering skills gave rise to the formation of an oil services company), an aerial survey and geophysical business with a global reach built, - and substantial investments made in the Canadian oil sector."

"It was indeed a worldwide, leading edge concern that Sir Percy Hunting left to the next generation and to Pat Hunting on his retirement with a knighthood in 1960. Always a pragmatist and a people person, his drive and enthusiasm for getting the best out of the team made a lasting impression."

"Petroleum retailing, lubricants and specialised products were added to the portfolio and increasingly outside capital was brought into the business to fund expansion during the sixties and seventies. The hitherto privately owned Hunting interests went public in three separate, though interrelated quoted companies. The situation was simplified in 1989 under Clive Hunting when all three were merged into the present Hunting PLC. His nephew Richard Hunting subsequently succeeded to the chair, taking up the reins as the company entered this new era."

"Today the company has metamorphosed again into a industry challenging Energy Services company, in one sector as befits a fully listed public company. Boosted by the proceeds of restructuring and leveraging off strong market fundamentals, the company is now in a new growth phase with new management in the vanguard, inspired by the entrepreneurial spirit and driven by the leadership of previous generations."

Source: Hunting Plc website at http://www.hunting.plc.uk/, accessed Nov 2009

The RAC was founded in 1897 as the Automobile Club of Great Britain, and has been consistently at the forefront in developing motoring services - from introducing uniformed patrols in 1901 and roadside emergency telephone boxes in 1912. In 1907 it received Royal Approval and became the Royal Automobile Club. In 1998 RAC acquired the British School of Motoring (BSM), and in 1999 RAC Motoring Services was bought by Lex Service PLC, and no longer has any formal connection with previous owners, the members of the Royal Automobile Club in Pall Mall, London. Address: 89-91 Pall Mall, London SW1Y 5HS. Lex Service PLC had been founded in 1928 as a parking garage business. In 2001 Lex acquired Auto Windscreens, and in 2002 Lex renamed itself to RAC plc, which was acquired by Aviva in 2005.

Friends Provident Group plc is a UK-listed life and pensions company, originally founded in 1832 to alleviate the hardship of Quaker families facing misfortune.

The idea of setting up the Muslim Women's Helpline was originally proposed by a group of approximately 8 Muslim women at a conference for Muslim women held at the Islamic Cultural Centre in 1987. They were extremely concerned about the difficulties/problems being faced by Muslim women, e.g. marital problems, depression, loneliness, generation gap difficulties between parents and children brought up in the UK. These women then formed a committee which first met at City University in December 1987. Imelda Ryan (who had five years experience with the Samaritans) was asked to lead the group which would work on setting up the Helpline. The Helpline acquired office space in November 1988 (through the generosity of Yusuf Islam who donated a ground floor room in one of his properties), and relocated to new office premises in North London in October 1991. The helpline began receiving calls in February 1989.

In addition to its works as a listening and counselling service, the Muslim Women's Helpline also produced a quarterly newsletter, 'ASK' (A Small Kindness) and contributes to discussions and debates in the Muslim community and in the mainstream on social issues. This has in the past included organising conferences, attending exhibitions and even staging plays. It was a member of the Telephone Helplines Association and affiliated to the Muslim Council of Britain.

The aim of the centre is to support the local Chinese community. It runs regular programmes and events, such as exercise classes, aimed at all age groups. It is situated on Grundy Street, E14.

The items were donated by Mrs Kim Choi Chan, a community centre worker. Mrs Kim Choi Chan was originally from Malaysia. She arrived in the UK in the 1970s. K C Chan has worked in one of the first Chinese supermarkets in London and since the 1990s has been actively involved in community activities.

Mr Cheung was a seaman working onboard a cargo ship since 1943, as a result of which he had been to the London Docklands on several occasions. During the Second World War when sea transportation was disrupted, Cheung spent a number of years in India. After the War he left the cargo ship he was working on in order to settle in London. He worked in a number of Chinese restaurants in London before retirement.

Mr Li Muk Wan immigrated to London from Hong Kong, China in 1960. He travelled to Marseille aboard the SS LAO, from where he took the train and the ferry to arrive in the UK. Mr Li subsequently worked in the laundry and catering trades. He opened the 'Hong Kong Chinese Restaurant' on 58/60 Shaftesbury Avenue. Mr Li retired in the 1980s.

The Chinese National Healthy Living Centre was founded in 1987 to promote healthy living, and provide access to health services, for the Chinese community in the UK. The Centre, based close to London's Chinatown, aims to reduce the health inequality between the Chinese community and the general population by providing a range of services designed to tackle both the physical and psychological aspects of health.

Samuel Chinque (Chen Tian Sheng) was born in 1908 in Kingston, Jamaica. On the death of his mother Samuel and his father moved to China and at the age of 18 he became a merchant seaman and discovered socialism as a result of his struggle to improve his fellow sailors' pay and working conditions.

Samuel eventually settled in Liverpool as the British-based representative of the Chinese Seamen's Union. He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1935. After setting up the Anti-Japan Salvation Front during the Second World War he found himself in conflict with the Chinese Government and this convinced him to join China's Communist revolutionaries.

With Britain's entry into the war he joined the Liverpool Fire Brigade and served as an auxiliary firefighter and union activist. After the war he became an informal rallying-point for seamen, revolutionaries and students from the Chinese diaspora. Among his visitors were prominent Chinese revolutionaries who suggested that he move to London to establish the Kung Ho Chinese Mutual Aid Association. They also invited him, in 1947, to head the first overseas branch of China's Hsinhua News Agency.

Hsinhua was at that time the only British-based organisation to represent, and speak for, the People's Republic of China and its Communist Party. As such it became a model for successive branches opened around the world. Hsinhua remained active in its Chancery Lane home until Chinque's retirement in the 1980s when it moved to Swiss Cottage, North London.

Chinque was a member of the negotiating team that lobbied the postwar UK government to re-establish trade between Britain and China. In 1963 he was expelled from the Communist Party of Great Britain after refusing to endorse the anti-Chinese position adopted by former Sovier premier Nikita Khruschev; he consequently joined the Chinese Communist Party.

Samuel Chinque continued to run the Hsinhua agency until he was 74 and he remained a formidable and charismatic figure in London's Chinese community well into his old age. He died in 2004.

Hansib Publications Limited was founded in 1970 by Arif Ali (born 1935 in Guyana) as publishers specialising in books covering African, Afro-Caribbean, Indo-Caribbean, Asian and other ethnic minority issues and subjects. In addition to books Hansib Publications also produces magazines, journals and newspapers, including Root, a current affairs journal.

In 1957 Arif Ali emmigrated to London from Guyana (British Guyana). He opened a grocery in 137 Tottenham Lane and began publishing informally, reproducing articles from various Caribbean newspapers in The Westindian. In 1971 the first issue of the Westindian Digest was published. In 1973 Westindian World was acquired. Later Hansib ran the Caribbean Times, the Asian Times and the African Times. Premises for a time in Matthias Road, Stoke Newington, Hackney. In 1981 the firm was based at Tower House, 139/149 Fonthill Road, Islington. Later registered office at 233 Regents Park Road, Finchley, Barnet (as of 2011) with distribution and enquiries office at Hertford, Hertfordshire.

For further information see Caribbean Publishing in Britain. A Tribute to Arif Ali by Asher and Martin Hoyles, 2011 (LMA/4522/04/085).

Mary Ward House (number 5 Tavistock Place) is an architecturally significant building, completed in 1898 by architects Smith and Brewer to house the Mary Ward Settlement (originally called the Passmore Edwards Settlement), founded by the novelist Mary Ward (better known as Mrs Humphrey Ward). The settlement was a residential community for lecturers and students, who were required to give their time to a community centre where local people could attend lectures and workshops, join special interest groups and self-help groups, and access a legal advice service. 9 Tavistock Place, adjacent to the House, was built later to accommodate the expansion of the Settlement, housing the first school for physically handicapped children in England.

Due to financial difficulties, the Mary Ward Settlement were forced to sell the building to the Nuffield Trust and lease it from them. In the 1960s the National Institute for Social Work began leasing Mary Ward House and 9 Tavistock Place, at first sub-letting part of it to the Mary Ward Settlement. They purchased the house outright in 1980, and the Mary Ward Settlement (by now called the Mary Ward Centre) moved to nearby 42/43 Queen Square.

The Mary Ward House Trust was established in 1997 by the National Institute for Social Work as part of their attempts to secure funding to restore Mary Ward House and improve disabled access. The aims of the Trust were:
to preserve for the benefit of the nation Mary Ward House and 9 Tavistock Place;
to support restoration and repair of these properties;
to promote access to the buildings;
to promote access to information about the buildings;
to make Mary Ward House wheelchair accessible;
and to make the historical features of the building more widely known.

Plans to carry out work on the house were developed from 1994, with the first of several approaches to the Heritage Lottery Fund. In 1996 an international architectural competition was held which resulted in the appointment of an architect, Karen Butti of Patricia Brock Associates. The Heritage Lottery Fund provided a grant towards feasibility stage work and 'The Mary Ward House Project' was begun. Unfortunately, the project became more complicated and expensive than was originally envisaged and in July 1999 it was announced that the Heritage Lottery Fund would not provide support. The Project was therefore closed without being implemented, and the National Institute for Social Work sold Mary Ward House to a private individual. The Mary Ward House Trust continued to monitor the House and promote information about its important historical features, before winding down in 2007.

River Cultures Festival Limited, a not for profit company, began life in August 2002 as an annual Summer festival offering local young people the opportunity to showcase their Summer work in the Isle of Dogs. The company was registered in March 2003. The basis of the organisation has been to link local, international and business communities through arts, heritage and workshop activities. These aims have been achieved through partnerships and funding for heritage projects through the Heritage Lottery Fund.

In 2012 the Festival was based at 24 Knighthead Point, The Quarterdeck, London, with registered office at Akeman Business Park, 81-82 Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire. In 2013 registered address was Suite 1 Caxton House, Old Station Road, Loughton, Essex.

The Black Experience Archive Trust (BEAT) is a national project working in partnership with local groups. Each local project feeds into the central project.

The West Green BEAT project was launched in 2006. It was a collaboration between filmmakers Migrant Media, the Park View Academy in West Green, and the London Metropolitan Archives. Pupils from the Academy were trained in digital media skills by staff from Migrant Media Limited, and encouraged to explore their community history, particularly the contributions of black people. They then conducted filmed interviews with members of the community, discussing their experiences of coming to and living in Britain.

BEAT Projects have included:

'music BEAT': ran from October 2008 - October 2009 at Highgate Wood School in North London. Students on the project learned research, filmmaking and journalistic skills and produced a 20 minute film on the history of black music in the UK as well as a series of exhibition panels. They explored how the music produced related to the struggles on the street that the black community engaged with over four decades (see 'Sounds of the Streets' LMA/4536/02/002).

Taken from the website: http://web.me.com/musicbeat/Site/musicBEAT.html

The Southwark/Lambeth branch of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE) was formed in August 1976. The branch was partly intended as a campaign group but also a social group. The group dissolved in 1980, and its members either joined the national CHE or the Lewisham branch.

This archive was donated to London Metropolitan Archives by Jeff Doorn, former convenor of the Southwark and Lambeth branch. Jeff Doorn joined the Campaign for Homosexual Equality in 1976 and became a founder member of the Southwark Lambeth Area Gay Society (SLAGS) which developed into the Southwark/Lambeth CHE. He produced many of the newsletters and was a member of the committee until the branch was dissolved.

Jane Newell is the independent Chair of the Royal Mail Pension Plan. Other pensions chairmanships have included: 2005-2007 DSGi pension scheme; 1998-2005 United Utilities Pension Scheme, and the UU Group of the Electricity Supply Pension Scheme. From 1994-2004 Jane was a Trustee of the GlaxoSmithKline Pension Plan. Her involvement with pensions arose from her appointment in 1992 as a founder Trustee, and subsequently Chairman, of the Maxwell Pensioners Trust for which she was awarded the OBE in the 1997 Birthday Honours list. She has also held the position of Pro-Chancellor and Chair of the Board of Governors of London South Bank University for 8 years and was previously Chair of Council of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. She is currently a Trustee of Age UK, a Justice of the Peace and a Vice-President of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and from 1996-2005 was a non-executive director of United Utilities plc. She has also been an external Assessor for the Assessment and Consultancy Unit of the Home Office as well as an international civil servant, a university linguistics tutor and a health and university administrator.

Following the death in November 1991 of Robert Maxwell, the publishing tycoon, some £450 million in assets were found to be missing from the pension funds of the companies over which he had control. His business empire was also in a state of collapse. During the first half of 1992 it became apparent that the rights of more than 32,000 pension scheme members were at risk: some Maxwell pension schemes were in the position of having to cut severely or suspend their payments to pensioners.

In June 1992 the Maxwell Pensions Unit was established as one of a series of Government measures to help Maxwell schemes. A discretionary trust fund - the Maxwell Pensioners Trust (MPT) chaired by Sir John Cuckney - was also set up, and Sir John was appointed as the Secretary of State for Social Security's adviser on Maxwell matters. Other trustees of the MPT were Jane Newell, Sir Ewen Broadbent, David Marlow and John Ballard. Sir Thomas Hetherington joined in March 1995.

When the Unit was set up, the Government provided it with £2.5 million in emergency funding to keep pensions in payment in the short term. This, together with the substantial assistance to the scheme provided by the MPT from funds which it raised from voluntary financial contribution from the City and others, ensured all pensions were kept in payment. The key step in the resolution of the Maxwell problem was the major settlement of asset recovery claims in March 1995 which was worth some £276 million to the pension schemes. This was brokered by Sir John Cuckney, assisted by the Unit. The major settlement was, however, only achievable against a background of other steps that had been taken over the previous two and a half years which had involved Sir John, the Unit, Ministers, the MPT and many others.

On 31st March 1995 the Maxwell Pensions Unit was formally wound up. More than £420 million had been recovered or was in the process of being returned to Maxwell schemes.

Biography taken from http://www.pensionsarchive.org.uk/41/ , accessed 31 Dec 2010.

BTWSC was formed in April 2002 and named after the successful 'Beyond The Will Smith Challenge' writing competition and publication, which was a Council for Ethnic Minority Voluntary Organisations (CEMVO) Millennium Awards project.

As a pan-London voluntary organisation based in Brent, BTWSC has aimed to use the creative arts to raise aspirations and promote social inclusion, and promoted education or employment within the music and entertainment, and event planning, industries. BTWSC has worked mainly with minorities, socially excluded persons, and disadvantaged groups.

The Blackheath Methodist Church was built as the Blackheath Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in 1864 on The Avenue. The Avenue street name was changed to The Grove (also known as Blackheath Grove) in 1942. The church was destroyed by a V2 rocket in 1944 and not rebuilt.

rukus! Federation Limited was founded in 2000 by Ajamu and Topher Campbell. The organisation has provided a programme of community-based work with Black Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual, Trans (BLGBT) artists, activists and cultural producers. rukus! described itself as 'a ground breaking cutting edge enterprise dedicated to celebrating and showcasing the best in challenging, provocative works by Black Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual and Trans artists nationally and internationally'. rukus! has focused on organising events, screenings, workshops, theatre performances, club-based events, debates and exhibitions including heritage and archive collections.

These initiatives have been led by the founders and 'production team' namely Ajamu (see LMA/4671/04 for further information) and Topher Campbell (see LMA/4671/05 for further information).

rukus! was registered as a company limited by guarantee and not having a share capital, and also a registered charity (number 1120584) with objectives to:

'advance the education of the public of the black lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans history, heritage, and lived experience in the United Kingdom by: -maintaining an archive of oral histories, photographic and other documentation and cultural artefacts; -conducting and promoting research into the lives and lifestyle of African and Afro-Caribbean LGBT people and into the positive contribution made historically and culturally by black LGBT people to the wider society; -Presenting the results of research and information from the archive';

'preserve and promote religious, racial harmony and equality of African and Afro-Caribbean and LGBT people and to provide relief for such people';

'promote equality and diversity and to eliminate discrimination in relation to African and Afro-Caribbean and LGBT people'.

rukus! was based in South London

PROJECTS AND EVENTS

rukus! has had a number of major projects and events relating to archives, exhibitions, oral histories and book launches including:

2005: 'Queens Jewels Exhibition and Archive Launch', The Globe Centre, East End, London.

Film Party Launch during Lesbian and Gay Film festival for African American Maurice Jamal Director of Ski Trip and Dirty laundry.

Ajamu and Topher Campbell guest Speakers at Pride Rally main stage, Trafalgar Square, London.

Ajamu and Topher talks at London Metropolitan Archives third annual Lesbian and Gay History conference.

2006: 'Queens Jewels'- launches the London Borough of Lambeth's first LGBT History month events. Largest Black Gay event in country.

'Doin' The Low' with Keith Boykin (writer and former advisor to President Bill Clinton) in Association with London Lesbian and Gay Film Festival.

'The Fire This Time' in association with 'Chroma Journal' held at Woman's Library, London 2005. A one-day event with workshops (Film, Photography and writing) and performances.

2007:' In This Our Lives....The Reunion', which celebrated the 20th Anniversary of the first ever black gay mens' conference. London South Bank University.

Thomas Glave - Readings and Book Signing at Gays The Word Bookshop : In Partnership with Outburst UK.

Queens Jewels Opens at Homotopia Festival, Liverpool.

Black Gay and Scouse, roundtable discussion with members of Liverpool's black LGBT community.

2008: 'Open Space 2' - An event to explore and share the histories of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic communities connected to Soho and the West End.

'Lambeth's Black Queer Pulse' - Informal discussions that shed light on the unique place Brixton holds within the Black LGBT experience in the United Kingdom.

rukus! Wins Archives Landmark Award 2008.

'Outside Edge. A Journey Through Black British Lesbian and Gay History', Museum in Docklands.

'Glorious Outpourings', Brixton Library, Lambeth: Readings by Dirg Aaab-Richards, Steven G. Fulwood, Dean Atta and Jay Bernard.

Steven G. Fulwood - Readings and Book Signing at Gays The Word Bookshop : In Partnership with Outburst UK.

2009: Mangina Monologues, Soho Theatre, Soho, Westminster.

2010: 'Conjuring Black Funk' Book Launch by Dr. Herukhuti, Brixton Library, Lambeth.

rukus! archive Launch, London Metropolitan Archives.

Thomas Glave, Gays The Word Bookshop.

2011: 'Crossing Deep Waters', London South Bank University.

The British Society for Music Therapy was founded in 1958 by Juliette Alvin and her colleagues as The Society for Music Therapy and Remedial Music. Its aim was to promote the use and development of music therapy. It changed its name to The British Society for Music Therapy in 1967. The Society was a Registered Charity, Number 260837.

The British Society for Music Therapy supported the work of early music therapists and researchers, and helped the developing profession gain respect and status. The Society acted as an advisory body and disseminated information on services, training, bibliography and research. One of the ways it did this was through its regular journal, The British Journal of Music Therapy.

The Society was run by a Chairperson, Executive Committee and the office administration team (The Administration Officer of the Society acted as Secretary). The Executive Committee organised the everyday business of the Society, and planned its future direction. The Executive Committee was supported by an Advisory Council, which provided advice and expertise as required.

Further committees were set up to deal with other events and different circumstance. One of the most notable events was the 10th World Congress of Music Therapy. This event was planned by an Organising Committee and International Scientific Committee, and was held in Oxford from the 23rd-28th July 2002 with over 800 therapists attending. The journal was overseen by a separate management board.

The majority of the members were based in the United Kingdom, and in 2000 all members of the Association of Music Therapists automatically became members of the British Society for Music Therapy. However by 2010 there were also around 800 international members, including musicians, teachers and medical workers.

In April 2011 The Society amalgamated with The Association of Professional Music Therapists to become The British Association of Music Therapists, Registered Charity number 1137807 and Company No. 07301585. This new organisation will continue the work of The British Society of Music Therapists.

Source of information: http://www.bsmt.org accessed May 2011.

The World Markets Company (also known as the WM Company) provide investment administration and pension fund performance measurement services, based in Edinburgh. Established in 1967 within the computer division of Wood, Mackenzie and Company, who initially operated as stockbrokers but now provide research services about the energy industry, it became a separate company in 1984. It became a subsidiary of Banker's Trust in 1987.

Source of information: http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/edinburgh-firm-is-coy-about-identity-of-investor-worth-several-billion-pounds-wm-company-lands-big-fish-1.425820 and http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-4805160.html [accessed 18 May 2010].

The Pensions Policy Institute is an educational charity set up in 1997 to carry out expert independent research and analysis on UK pension policy. It is non-political, and provides high quality, independent information and analysis to inform government decision makers and advisors, pension providers, employers, unions and the wider public. Its aim is to be an authoritative voice on pensions policy and retirement income provision in the UK. It produces a series of briefing notes and reports, and also produces responses and submissions to Government enquiries and consultations.

The organisation is a company limited by guarantee and a registered charity, which is based at King's College, Drury Lane, London.

Source of information: http://www.pensionspolicyinstitute.org.uk [accessed 6 Jun 2011].

Produced by BMI Print (Division) Limited of Weston-super-Mare, the aim of the game is to land on the Maxwell Squares of the playing board and collect the five items - newspaper owner, yacht owner, football club director, cigar smoker and pension fund administrator - which enable you to become a tycoon. Risk squares around the board help you win or lose the cards. The game is won by reaching the pension fund.

The game was produced in the wake of the Maxwell Scandal in 1991, when the death of the media proprietor Robert Maxwell revealed that he had misused £450 million of his Mirror Group's pension fund.

The London Schools Swimming Association was created in 1893 and promotes aquatic sports for all primary and secondary schools in the thirty two boroughs of London and the City of London.

Samuel Pepys, one of the most famous diarists, came to live in the Parish of Saint Olave in 1660. He had a successful career; his achievements include becoming Secretary to the Admiralty, Master of the Clothworkers' Company, Master of Trinity House, President of the Royal Society, and a Member of Parliament. He wrote his diaries from 1660 to 1669, they include eyewitness accounts on important historical events such as the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the Great Fire of London in 1666, and the second Anglo-Dutch war of 1667. The diaries also give an insight into his personal life.

The Club was founded on 26 May 1903 to mark the bicentenary of the death of Samuel Pepys. The founders of the club are Sir Fredrick Bridge (Organist of Westminster Abbey), Sir D'Arcy Power (Surgeon and medical writer), George Whale (writer and bibliophile), and Henry B. Wheatley (editor of the 3rd edition of the diary). The membership was initially restricted to 50, but later increased to 70. Well-known admirers of Samuel Pepys were invited to become members of the club. In 2006, membership was increased to 140 UK members and up to 20 overseas members. The criterion for membership is an interest in Pepys, his friends and his diary, and a degree of knowledge about him.

In the early years, club activities consisted of dining, readings from the diary and lectures on various aspects of Samuel Pepys' life. In later years, the club began annual memorial services for Pepys. Papers, which are later published, are read at these memorial services. The club also have annual dinners and outings to places that have historical connections with Pepys. The first dinner of the club was held on 1 December 1903 in the Clothworkers' Company Livery Hall. In 1953, a jubilee dinner was held in Vintners' Hall.

The Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes was established in August 1822 at the Harp Tavern, Drury Lane, London by artist Joseph Lisle and comedian William Sinnett along with other stage hands and theatre technicians based at the Drury Lane Theatre.

It drew its original name of 'The Buffaloes' from a popular song of the time, 'We’ll chase the Buffalo'.

The 'lodge' description for branch organisation and headquarters was adopted in imitation of Freemasonry but the organisation prided itself on being open in its objectives, activities and rituals.

By 2014, the society desribed itself as a 'Philanthropic and Charitable body, Lodges and Provinces are at liberty to undertake whatever activity they consider appropriate for the needs of the community in which they work and
live.'

www.raob.org/ (Accessed 11 February 2014)

Gerald Kremenstein, also known as Gerald Kay, was born in France, the son of an Anglo Jewish mother and Jewish father from Eastern Europe. He moved to London prior to 1971. Gerald Kremenstein was a committee member of the Northwest London Lesbian and Gay Group (NWLLGG) which was formerly known as Harrow and Brent Gay Unity (HBGU) before becoming the Harrow and Brent Lesbian and Gay Group (HBLGG)). He was also a member of the Jewish Gay and Lesbian Group (JGLG) and St Katharine's Group. He has also been active in the London Gay scene attending social events from the early 1970s to the mid 2000s.

The Hatch End Jewish Community, now known as Kol Chai (meaning "Living Voice"), was founded by a core of families from the Middlesex New Synagogue, Harrow in 1986. After successfully canvassing for new members they started worshipping in homes and church halls before deciding to build their own synagogue in Woodridings Yard, Uxbridge Road in 1994. The synagogue was extended in 2003.

The congregation worships within the Reform tradition and their first rabbi was Samuel Rodriguez-Pereira, who began taking services in 1988. After Rabbi Pereira's retirement in 2002 Rabbi Michael Hilton took over services at Kol Chai.

Kol Chai is a very active community. Their Religion School for children began in 1987 and includes a post-bar/bat mitzvah class leading to a GCSE in Religious Education. These classes train to be assistant teachers on a course developed by Kol Chai in conjunction with Leo Baeck College/Centre for Jewish Education. Dedicated committees also organise social activities and the community also runs a Care Group, a Music Group and World Jewry activities.

In 2012 Kol Chai joined its religious education programme with those of Hatch End Masorti Synagogue, Middlesex New Synagogue and Harrow and Wembley Park Synagogue to form HaMakom ('The Place'), the first Jewish pluralist supplementary school in the country to meet on a Sunday.