Kirby and Brown was based at 17 Hanover Street, Hanover Square.
The Conservative Club was founded in 1840, situated at 74 St James's Street. The Club House was designed by George Basevi and Sidney Smirke. It was erected between 1843 and 1845. The club merged with the Bath Club in 1959.
The ships represented in this collection are the:
- 'Latona' No. 55362, registered 1874, 270 tons net, owner, J. Dickie, Glasgow; master, E.H. Tidmarsh, Liverpool; voyages, Liverpool to Chittagong, etc
- 'Indus', No. 13884, registered 1863, 1319 tons net, owner, John Taylor, London; master, E.J. Hunt; voyages to Australia with emigrants
- 'Buston Vale', No. 47765, 411 tons net; owner, F.G. Fry and Co., Liverpool; master G.H. Galloway.
- 'Welsh Girl', No. 44939, registered 1866, 137 tons; owner, Stephen Morse, Watchet, Somerset; master, Alfred Nicholas, Watchet; coasting and to Antwerp.
- 'Alfred and Mary', No. 10723, 45 tons; owner, Fleming Hewett, Gorleston, Suffolk Master, William Kittle, Gorleston; trawling in N.Sea, and later Master James Green, Gorleston.
- 'Princess Royal', No. 17033, 42 tons; owner, John Parsons, Harwich; voyages, master, William Mixter, Harwich; voyages, Harwich-Rochester, London, Colchester Maldon, Ipswich.
In 1977 E Lambert and Son was operating as A Lambert and Company. They were based in Dalston, Hackney.
A deed of settlement for the Company was recorded in 1824. It was incorporated in 1829 by the Act of Parliament. The Company amalgamated with the (Chartered) Gas Light and Coke Company in 1876.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
Conveyances are transfers of land from one party to another, usually for money. Early forms of conveyance include feoffments, surrenders and admissions at manor courts (if the property was copyhold), final concords, common recoveries, bargains and sales and leases and releases.
A covenant or deed of covenant was an agreement entered into by one of the parties to a deed to another. A covenant for production of title deeds was an agreement to produce deeds not being handed over to a purchaser, while a covenant to surrender was an agreement to surrender copyhold land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Waterloo Bridge, designed by Rennie, was built by a private company which obtained an act of Parliament for that purpose in 1809. Work began in 1811 and the original intention was to use the name 'Strand Bridge'. The project was renamed 'Waterloo Bridge' in 1816, a year before it opened in 1817.
In 1878 it was acquired by the Metropolitan Board of Works and the existing tolls were abandoned. Structural defects were soon discovered and repaired, but in the 1920's, the bridge was declared unsafe. The London County Council replaced it with a design by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott which was erected 1939-1944.
Bridge House Estates was established by Royal Charter in 1282 with responsibility for the maintenance of London Bridge, and subsequently built Blackfriars Bridge and Tower Bridge and bought Southwark Bridge and the pedestrian-only Millennium Bridge. Bridge House Estates are run by a committee of the City of London Corporation.
Bridge House was the administrative headquarters of the old London Bridge, situated near St Olave's Church. It was formed of properties bequeathed by Peter de Colechurch, the warden of the bridge from 1163, and Henry Fitz Ailwyn, the first Mayor of London in 1189.
The Bridge House Committee was originally part of the City Lands Committee, founded in 1592, but separated in 1818.
Bridge House Estates was originally funded by tolls on London Bridge as well as rents and leases of the buildings along the bridge. It soon acquired extensive property which made it financially self-sufficient. These funds are used to maintain the City bridges, while surplus monies are used to make charitable grants under the City Bridge Trust, established in 1995.
The Saint Thomas's Charity School was established by the parish of Saint Thomas the Apostle. It was founded in 1781 for the education of 30 poor boys from the parish. It was situated next to Guy's Hospital.
Saint Mary's Nunnery of Augustinian canonesses, founded in 1140, was dissolved in 1539 and the church converted to the parish church of Clerkenwell, dedicated to St James. In the 1780s the building was declared ruinous and demolished. The present church was built 1788-92 by the architect James Carr, on the site of the choir of the mediaeval nunnery.
Pentonville was laid out as a planned development on land belonging to Henry Penton. The developers provided a church, constructed from 1787, but the parish of Clerkenwell refused responsibility for it. However, when the parish trustees required funds to rebuild St James's in 1788, they purchased the new church in return for a loan to their building fund. The Pentonville church thereafter operated as a chapel of ease to the parish church.
Bagnigge House was situated off King's Cross Road, Clerkenwell. Bagnigge Wells was established as a popular spa resort in 1758 when the owner of the House, Thomas Hughes, found that water from his well was a good purgative. He opened his gardens to the public, charging 3d to taste the waters, and adding entertainments, tea rooms, flower gardens, fish ponds and benches beside the Fleet River, which flowed through the garden. Concerts and entertainments were held in the pump rooms. The Wells were a fashionable retreat until the beginning of the 19th century; by 1810 they were the resort of 'lower class tradesmen' (Lysons). The Wells were closed in 1841 and the site was built over.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The Church of the Ascension in Blackheath was founded in 1695. It became a parish church on Ascension Day, 1883. Francis H Spear, ARCA, FRSA, was a well known designer of stained glass who taught at the Royal College of Art.
The Port of London Authority was established in 1908 to take full control of the tidal river Thames and its docks.
The Authority was housed in a large stone office in Trinity Square, overlooking Tower Hill. The offices were built between 1912 and 1922 to designs by Edwin Cooper.
The records in this class are concerned with the 'Delivery of the King's Gaol of Newgate holden for the County of Middlesex in Justice Hall, Old Bailey'. This was the senior local criminal court for Middlesex and for the City of London; for Middlesex and City it played the role that the Assizes played in the rest of the country.
From the thirteenth century onwards two commissions were given to the Justices of Assize by the crown so that on their twice yearly visits to the several counties that made up their circuits, they could try people suspected of cases normally heard before the sovereign - serious crimes or felonies (from the Latin 'fellens' meaning 'bitter' i.e. a capital crime committed with a 'bitter mind'). These could include piracy, murder, manslaughter, rape, larceny, robbery, burglary, arson, some forms of assault and certain acts resembling treason.
The two commissions were the Commission of Oyer and Terminer (literally 'to hear and determine' a case); and the Commission of Gaol Delivery which empowered the justices to try, and cause the sheriff (as their technical rather than actual keeper) to bring the prisoners before the court, and (if they were acquitted) to thereby deliver (empty) the county gaol of prisoners. Middlesex and London were different from other counties in that the royal courts were already present within it, so the Assize Judges' duties were given to the Justices of the Peace instead.
Furthermore, because Middlesex 'shared' its sheriff with the City of London, the more serious suspects had to be delivered for trial from 'his' care, in 'his' prison (Newgate) to 'his' adjacent sessions house - the Old Bailey. A suspected criminal from Middlesex would therefore have his case examined by a Grand Jury and the justices under the Commission of Oyer and Terminer in the Clerkenwell Sessions House.
If it was agreed that there was a case to answer, the prisoner and his indictment would then be sent for a trial either at their own Sessions of the Peace in Middlesex, or be transferred to Newgate to await a gaol delivery session. In practice there seems not to have been any uniformity of practice in deciding which cases were heard at which sessions - either justices or prisoner would decide.
A few days before the next gaol delivery session the prisoners were taken to Newgate, through Smithfield. From at least the thirteenth century a prison existed on the same site in Newgate Street. Altered and repaired over the centuries, it was burnt down in the Great Fire, and rebuilt in 1672. It was again rebuilt between 1770-1778, and in 1780-1788 following destruction in the Gordon Riots; lasting until 1902 when, after demolition, the Central Criminal Court was built on the site (1907). A sessions house for the City of London was first erected in 1539 next to Newgate Gaol. There is uncertainty as to the origin of its name - Old Bailey, also the name of a nearby street. It may refer to the 'ballium' (outer space beyond the City wall); or have been originally the Bail Hill where the bailiff held his court. A replacement was built in 1774.
Old Bailey sessions usually met eight times a year - and were held for Middlesex, Westminster and City of London prisoners as separate groups within each session, each group generating separate groups of records. The Middlesex sittings had their own juries, and to some extent separate court personnel.
The judges of the court consisted of the Lord Mayor, one or more chief justices from the higher law courts, a Baron of the Exchequer, the City Recorder, several aldermen, and usually some senior Middlesex justices when Middlesex cases were being tried.
Gaol delivery sessions ended in 1834 with the creation of the Central Criminal Court.
All Hallows, Honey Lane, was a small parish of a little over one acre in size. The church was destroyed during the Great Fire of 1666 and not rebuilt. Instead, the parish was merged with the parishes of Saint Mary le Bow and Saint Pancras, Soper Lane (which was also destroyed during the Fire). The church of Saint Mary le Bow became the parish church of the united parish. In 1876 the parish was merged with the united parish of All Hallows Bread Street with Saint John the Evangelist, Friday Street.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The parish of All Hallows Lombard Street is first mentioned in 1053. The church was rebuilt between 1494 and 1516, including the addition of the stone porch from the priory of Saint John of Jerusalem. The church burned down during the Great Fire of 1666; and was rebuilt by Wren between 1686 and 1694.
The united parishes of Saint Benet Gracechurch and Saint Leonard Eastcheap were united to the parish of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1864. The parish of Saint Dionis Backchurch was joined to All Hallows Lombard Street and united parishes in 1876. These united parishes were joined to the united parishes of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and Saint Nicholas Acons in 1937 to form Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and united parishes, with Saint Edmund the King and Martyr as the parish church.
In 1937 the church was closed. The site was sold and the building demolished, with the proceeds going towards the construction of All Hallows, Chertsey Road and All Saints, Queensbury. The Lombard Street tower was reconstructed as part of All Hallows, Chertsey Road.
Some information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The church of All Hallows London Wall was first mentioned in the early 12th century. A cell for anchorites built next to the chancel wall in 1474 was subsequently occupied by the well-known hermit, Simon the Anker. The church was rebuilt in 1613-27. It escaped damage during the Great Fire in 1666 and was rebuilt in 1765-67 by George Dance the Younger. Repairs were carried out in 1891 and again in 1960-62.
The parish of All Hallows London Wall was united with the parish of Saint Botolph Bishopsgate in 1954. Since that date it has been used as a guild church.
The church of All Hallows the Great is first mentioned in 1235. It was also known as All Hallows at the Hay, All Hallows in La Corderie, All Hallows in the Ropery and All Hallows the More. It was rebuilt in 1627-1629, but burnt in the Great Fire. Wren designed the new church which was built 1677-1683. The tower and the north aisle were demolished in 1876 to accommodate the widening of Queen Victoria Street. The tower and vestry were rebuilt on the south side, and these were the only parts that remained after its demolition in 1893, when the parish was united to Saint Michael Paternoster Royal (P69/MIC5). The sale of the site provided money for the construction of All Hallows, Gospel Oak. The tower and vestry were bombed in 1939, and in 1969 Mondial House was built on the site of the churchyard.
The church of All Hallows the Less (P69/ALH8), first mentioned in 1216, stood over the gateway to a large house. It was burnt in the Great Fire, and the parish was united to All Hallows the Great in 1670.
The earliest church building in the parish of Saint Alphage London Wall was attached to the old Roman city walls. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the nearby Augustinian priory was adapted for use as a parish church. This building was damaged by the Great Fire of 1666, and rebuilt in 1777. The parish of Saint Alphage London Wall was united to the parish of Saint Mary Aldermanbury (P69/MRY2) in 1917. The church of Saint Alphage London Wall was demolished in 1923, with the bells going to Saint Peter Acton. In 1954, the united parishes of Saint Alphage London Wall and Saint Mary Aldermanbury were united to the parish of Saint Giles Cripplegate.
The church of Saint Anne and Saint Agnes has also been known as Saint Anne, Saint Anne near Aldergate, Saint Anne in the Willows, and Saint Anne and Saint Agnes within Aldersgate. The church is on Gresham Street. It was first mentioned in records in 1137. The church was burned down and rebuilt in 1548; only to burn down again during the 1666 Great Fire of London. The parish was united with Saint John Zachary (P69/JNZ) in 1670 after the latter church had also been destroyed in the Great Fire. Saint Anne and Saint Agnes was rebuilt by Wren in 1676-1687. The church was damaged during the Second World War. In 1954 it was made a guild church.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
History of the united parishes of Saint Mary at Hill, Saint Andrew Hubbard, Saint George Botolph Lane and Saint Botolph Billingsgate:
The churches of Saint Botolph and Saint Andrew Hubbard were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. The parish of Saint Mary at Hill was united to the parish of Saint Andrew Hubbard in 1670. The parish of Saint George Botolph Lane was united to the parish of Saint Botolph Billingsgate in 1670. The united parishes of Saint George and Saint Botolph were joined with the united parishes of Saint Mary and Saint Andrew in 1901; and the church of Saint George was demolished in 1903-4.
The church of Saint Andrew Hubbard is first mentioned in records in 1202. The name Hubbard probably derives from a benefactor. The church was repaired in 1630 only to be destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666. It was not rebuilt; and in 1670 the parish was united with Saint Mary at Hill (P69/MRY4). A plaque at 16 Eastcheap marks the site of the church.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The church of Saint Ann, Blackfriars, was established in 1538 to replace the church at the monastery of Blackfriars, which had been destroyed as part of the Dissolution. The church was burned down during the Great Fire of London in 1666 and was not rebuilt. The parish was united with Saint Andrew by the Wardrobe (P69/AND1).
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
History of the united parish:
The parish of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr was united to the parish of Saint Nicholas Acons in 1670. The parish of Saint Benet Gracechurch was united to the parish of Saint Leonard Eastcheap in 1670. The united parishes of Saint Benet Gracechurch and Saint Leonard Eastcheap were united to the parish of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1864. The parish of Saint Dionis Backchurch was joined to All Hallows Lombard Street and united parishes in 1876. These united parishes were joined to the united parishes of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and Saint Nicholas Acons in 1937 to form Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and united parishes.
The churches of All Hallows Lombard Street, Saint Benet Gracechurch, Saint Dionis Backchurch, Saint Edmund the King and Martyr, Saint Leonard Eastcheap and Saint Nicholas Acons were all destroyed in the Great Fire in 1666. Saint Edmund the King and Martyr was rebuilt by Wren and Robert Hooke in 1670-9 and the spire completed in 1708. Saint Dionis Backchurch was rebuilt by Wren in 1670-84, Saint Benet Gracechurch Street in 1681-87 and All Hallows Lombard Street in 1686-94. The churches of Saint Leonard Eastcheap and Saint Nicholas Acons were not rebuilt; however, the site of the former was retained as a burial ground until 1882.
The church of Saint Benet Gracechurch was demolished in 1867, the church of Saint Dionis Backchurch in 1878 and the church of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1938 and the sites sold off. The proceeds of these sales were used to fund the building of new churches namely Saint Benet Mile End Road, Saint Dionis Parsons Green, and All Hallows, Chertsey Road, Twickenham and All Saints Queensbury. The tower of All Hallows Lombard Street was reconstructed as part of All Hallows, Chertsey Road. Saint Edmund the King and Martyr remains the parish church.
The church of Saint Stephen Walbrook was founded on the west bank of the Walbrook (a stream flowing from Finsbury through the City and into the Thames) sometime before 1096, and rebuilt on the east bank in 1429-39. The church was burned down in the Great Fire of London in 1666, but rebuilt by Christopher Wren in 1672-79. It was badly damaged through bombing in 1940.
The church of Saint Benet Sherehog was built sometime before 1111 in the centre of the wool district, a shere hog being the name for a castrated ram. The church was destroyed in the Great Fire and not rebuilt. As a result of this, in 1670 the Parish of Saint Stephen Walbrook was united with Saint Benet Sherehog.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The parish of Saint Botolph Aldersgate existed from at least the 13th century, the church standing near Aldersgate, one of the gates of the City of London. Botolph was a 7th century Saxon Abbot and the patron saint of travellers, so his churches were usually situated at the city gates. The church was enlarged in 1488, repaired in 1627, rebuilt in 1754-57 and repaired again in 1833 and 1851. The parish was united with Saint Bartholomew the Great in 1954 and became one of the City of London's "Guild Churches". The churchyard is laid out as a garden, Postman's Park.
Glasshouse Yard was an extra-parochial liberty in the northern part of the parish of Saint Botolph Aldersgate. It extended outside the City into Goswell Street.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The parish church of Saint Botolph Bishopsgate (also known as Saint Botolph without Bishopgate), on the west side of Bishopsgate in the City of London, is recorded from at least the early 13th century. Botolph was a 7th century Saxon Abbot and the patron saint of travellers, so his churches were usually situated at the city gates. The church was rebuilt in 1571-72, partly rebuilt in 1617 and entirely rebuilt between 1725-28. It was also restored following damage in World War Two. In 1869, the parish absorbed the District Chapelry of All Saints Skinner Street (P69/ALL) and in 1954 the parish church of All Hallows London Wall (P69/ALH5).
History of the united parishes of Saint Clement Eastcheap and Saint Martin Orgar:
The church of Saint Clement Eastcheap was first mentioned in the 11th century, Saint Martin Orgar in the 12th century. Saint Martin's was granted by Deacon Ordgar to the Canons of Saint Paul's Cathedral. Saint Clement's was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 and rebuilt by Wren in 1686. Saint Martin Orgar was destroyed, apart from the tower, in the Great Fire and the two parishes were united in 1670, with worship taking place in Saint Clement's.
After the Great Fire, the tower of Saint Martin Orgar was restored by French Protestants who used it as a place of worship. It was taken down in 1820, and replaced, in 1852, by an Italiante tower, still extant, which was initially used as a rectory for Saint Clement Eastcheap, and subsequently as diocesan offices. Saint Clement Eastcheap was damaged by bombing in 1940 but was restored. It is situated at the corner of Clement's Lane and King William Street.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The parish church of Saint Dunstan in the East, Idol Lane, was built during the second half of the 13th century. The main body of the church survived the Great Fire, but the tower and steeple had to be rebuilt by Christopher Wren. The church was rebuilt in the early 19th century when it was discovered that the roof had forced the medieval nave out of line. It was bombed and mostly destroyed during the Second World War, however the tower and nave walls have been restored and the site turned into a garden. The parish was united to All Hallows Barking (P69/ALH1) in 1960.
The parish of St Dunstan in the West was first mentioned in 1185. The church escaped the Great Fire of London and in commemoration of its survival the famous clock, with its two figures with clubs who strike the hour, was erected. In 1760, when the nearby Ludgate was demolished, the statue of Queen Elizabeth I which had stood on the gate was placed above the church door. The church was taken down in 1830 so that Fleet Street could be widened, and was replaced the following year by the present building, an octagonal design by John Shaw, in gothic style. The clock was sold to the Marquess of Hertford, but was restored to the church in 1935 by Lord Rothermere. In 1954 Saint Dunstan's became a guild church, with one chapel reserved for use by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
Saint Ethelburga's was probably first built in the early 13th century, and dedicated to a 7th century Abbess of Barking. It was also known as Saint Ethelburga the Virgin within Bishopsgate. It was one the of few churches to survive the Great Fire of London in 1666. It was rebuilt in the 15th century, and suffered many subsequent restorations. From the 16th century until 1933 it was flanked by shops directly either side of its porch.
Saint Ethelburga became a guild church in 1954. Following its destruction by a terrorist bomb in Bishopsgate in 1993, the City Commission Report to the Bishop of London (Templeman Report) recommended that it should not be rebuilt as a church.
Some information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
History of the united parishes of Saint Margaret Pattens and Saint Gabriel Fenchurch:
The first recorded mention of Saint Margaret Pattens is in 1216. The church, which had been rebuilt in 1530 and repaired in 1614-32, was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. The parish was united with the parish of Saint Gabriel Fenchurch in 1670 and the church was reconstructed by Wren in 1684-7.
Saint Gabriel Fenchurch was originally known as Saint Mary Fenchurch (in 1315), but its name had changed by the end of the 16th century. It was demolished in the Great Fire and not rebuilt. A plaque marks the site, on 35 Fenchurch Street.
History of the united parishes of Saint Mary Aldermary, Saint Thomas Apostle, Saint Antholin Budge Row and Saint John the Baptist Walbrook:
The parish of Saint Mary Aldermary is 11th century in origin. The parish church was rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1666 and, in 1670, the parish was united with Saint Thomas Apostle.
Saint John the Baptist, Walbrook, was constructed around 1150 on the banks of the Walbrook stream, which ran from Finsbury through the City to the Thames. It was destroyed during the Great Fire and not rebuilt.
The parish church of Saint Antholin Budge Row was also rebuilt after the Great Fire and, in 1670, the parish was united with Saint John the Baptist Walbrook. Finally, the four parishes were united with each other in 1873 and the church of Saint Antholin was demolished the following year.
Saint Katherine Coleman was built before 1346; it is likely that Coleman was the name of the builder. It was situated on Fenchurch Street. It was not damaged during the 1666 Great Fire of London, but needed to be rebuilt in 1739. In 1921 the parish was united to Saint Olave Hart Street (with All Hallows Staining) and the redundant church was demolished in 1926.
The parish of All Hallows Staining was united to the parish of Saint Olave Hart Street in 1870 and the church of All Hallows Staining was demolished in the same year. St Olave Hart Street still exists as a parish church.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
Saint James in the Wall, Monkwell Street, was an ancient hermitage, a cell of Garadon Monastery, Leicestershire. In 1543 William Lambe purchased the chapel and it was bequeathed by him to the Clothworkers' Company in 1577, and the "reader" of the chapel appears to have acted as chaplain to the Company. It was therefore also known as Lamb's Chapel. The chapel was rebuilt in 1825, before being pulled down in 1872.
History of the united parishes of Saint Lawrence Jewry, Saint Mary Magdalen Milk Street and Saint Michael Bassishaw:
Saint Lawrence Jewry is situated on Gresham Street, near the Guildhall. It was founded in the 12th century. It was destroyed during the Great Fire of London in 1666, and was rebuilt by Wren in 1671-77. The building was badly damaged by enemy action in 1940, and was rebuilt in 1954-57.
The parish of Saint Mary Magdalen Milk Street was united to the parish of Saint Lawrence Jewry in 1670 after it had been destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. In 1897 the foundations of Saint Michael Bassishaw were severely damaged when the crypt was cleared of human remains; the church was demolished and the parish united to the parish of Saint Lawrence Jewry the same year. Saint Lawrence Jewry now functions as a guild church for the Corporation of London; the Lord Mayor and Corporation have worshipped here since 1820.
History of the united parish:
The parish of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr was united to the parish of Saint Nicholas Acons in 1670. The parish of Saint Benet Gracechurch was united to the parish of Saint Leonard Eastcheap in 1670. The united parishes of Saint Benet Gracechurch and Saint Leonard Eastcheap were united to the parish of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1864. The parish of Saint Dionis Backchurch was joined to All Hallows Lombard Street and united parishes in 1876. These united parishes were joined to the united parishes of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and Saint Nicholas Acons in 1937 to form Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and united parishes.
The churches of All Hallows Lombard Street, Saint Benet Gracechurch, Saint Dionis Backchurch, Saint Edmund the King and Martyr, Saint Leonard Eastcheap and Saint Nicholas Acons were all destroyed in the Great Fire in 1666. Saint Edmund the King and Martyr was rebuilt by Wren and Robert Hooke in 1670-9 and the spire completed in 1708. Saint Dionis Backchurch was rebuilt by Wren in 1670-84, Saint Benet Gracechurch Street in 1681-87 and All Hallows Lombard Street in 1686-94. The churches of Saint Leonard Eastcheap and Saint Nicholas Acons were not rebuilt; however, the site of the former was retained as a burial ground until 1882.
The church of Saint Benet Gracechurch was demolished in 1867, the church of Saint Dionis Backchurch in 1878 and the church of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1938 and the sites sold off. The proceeds of these sales were used to fund the building of new churches namely Saint Benet Mile End Road, Saint Dionis Parsons Green, and All Hallows, Chertsey Road, Twickenham and All Saints Queensbury. The tower of All Hallows Lombard Street was reconstructed as part of All Hallows, Chertsey Road. Saint Edmund the King and Martyr remains the parish church.
History of the united parish:
The church of Saint Mary Staining was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, 1666, and not rebuilt. The parish united with Saint Michael Wood Street in 1670 and Saint Alban Wood Street in 1894.
The church of Saint Michael Wood Street was first mentioned in 1170. It was burned down in the Great Fire, rebuilt by Wren 1670-75 and demolished in 1894 under the Union of City Benefices Act. The parish united with that of Saint Alban Wood Street.
Saint Mildred Bread Street was constructed before 1252. It was burned down during the 1666 Great Fire of London and was rebuilt by Wren. The parish was united with Saint Margaret Moses (P69/MGT2), which was destroyed by the Fire and not rebuilt. Saint Mildred's was destroyed by bombing in 1941 and the parish was united to Saint Mary le Bow, along with the parishes of Saint Pancras Soper Lane, All Hallows Honey Lane, Saint John the Evangelist Friday Street and All Hallows Bread Street.
The church of Saint Mildred Poultry is first mentioned in 1175. It burned down during the Great Fire of London in 1666, and was subsequently rebuilt by Wren, completed in 1676. The church was demolished under the Union of City Benefices Act, in 1872. The parish was merged with Saint Margaret Lothbury; along with Saint Martin Pomeroy, Saint Bartholomew by the Exchange, Saint Mary Colechurch, Saint Olave Jewry and Saint Christopher le Stocks.
History of the united parish:
The parish of Saint Gregory by Saint Paul was first mentioned in 1010. The church stood at the south west corner of Saint Paul's Cathedral. Whilst building the new cathedral portico, Inigo Jones partially demolished the church, but was compelled to restore it. It was destroyed by the Great Fire of London, 1666, and not rebuilt.
The parish was united with Saint Mary Magdalen Old Fish Street in 1670. The 12th century church of Saint Mary Magdalen Old Fish Street was destroyed by the Great Fire. Wren rebuilt the church but this was again damaged by fire in 1886 and consequently demolished. The parish was united with Saint Martin Ludgate in 1890.
Lying on the north side of Ludgate Hill, the church of Saint Martin Ludgate was destroyed in the Great Fire. It was rebuilt by Wren, 1677-84, and is now a guild church. The church is dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours.
The church of Saint Mary Woolnoth is first recorded in 1273. It is situated on the corner of Lombard Street and King William Street. It was rebuilt in 1442. It was repaired by Wren after the Great Fire of London, 1666, rebuilt by Hawksmoor, 1726-27, and restored in 1876. It is now a guild church. The parish was united with Saint Mary Woolchurch Haw after that church was demolished after the Great Fire.
History of the united parishes of Saint Clement Eastcheap and Saint Martin Orgar:
The church of Saint Clement Eastcheap was first mentioned in the 11th century, Saint Martin Orgar in the 12th century. Saint Martin's was granted by Deacon Ordgar to the Canons of Saint Paul's Cathedral. Saint Clement's was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 and rebuilt by Wren in 1686. Saint Martin Orgar was destroyed, apart from the tower, in the Great Fire and the two parishes were united in 1670, with worship taking place in Saint Clement's.
After the Great Fire, the tower of Saint Martin Orgar was restored by French Protestants who used it as a place of worship. It was taken down in 1820, and replaced, in 1852, by an Italiante tower, still extant, which was initially used as a rectory for Saint Clement Eastcheap, and subsequently as diocesan offices. Saint Clement Eastcheap was damaged by bombing in 1940 but was restored.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
Saint Martin Outwich was situated on Threadneedle Street at the junction with Bishopsgate. The earlier medieval church was rebuilt in 1403 by the Oteswich brothers. It was not damaged in the Great Fire of 1666, only to be badly damaged in a fire of 1765. A replacement was constructed in 1798. It was demolished in 1874 and the site was sold to provide funds for suburban church building. The parish was united with Saint Helen Bishopsgate in 1873.
The church of Saint Martin Pomeroy was situated near an apple orchard which gave it its name. It was destroyed during the Great Fire of 1666 and not rebuilt. The parish was united with Saint Mary Colechurch and Saint Olave Jewry in 1670. The united parishes were merged with Saint Mildred Poultry in 1871 and Saint Margaret Lothbury in 1886.
History of the united parishes of Saint Michael Paternoster Royal, Saint Martin Vintry, All Hallows the Great and All Hallows the Less.
Saint Michael Paternoster Royal is first recorded in 1219. The name Royal comes from the name of a nearby street, Reole. Dick Whittington, who was buried in the church in 1423, paid for the rebuilding of the church in 1409. Burnt in the Great Fire, it was restored by Wren in 1689-94. The interior was rearranged in 1866. The church was bombed in 1944 and restored in 1967.
The parish of Saint Martin Vintry was often originally referred to as Saint Martin Beremand. The church was rebuilt in 1399 by the executors of Matthew Columbar, a vintner from Bordeaux. In the 15th century the church was restored by Sir Ralph Austrie, a fishmonger. It was destroyed by the Great Fire, and the parish was united to Saint Michael Paternoster Royal in 1670.
The church of All Hallows the Great is first mentioned in 1235. It was rebuilt in 1627-9, but burnt in the Great Fire. Wren designed the new church which was built 1677-83. The tower and the north aisle were demolished in 1876 to accommodate the widening of Queen Victoria Street. The tower and vestry were rebuilt on the south side, and these were the only parts that remained after its demolition in 1893, when the parish was united to Saint Michael Paternoster Royal. The tower and vestry were bombed in 1939, and in 1969 Mondial House was built on the site of the churchyard. The church of All Hallows the Less, first mentioned in 1216, stood over the gateway to a large house. It was burnt in the Great Fire, and the parish was united to All Hallows the Great in 1670.
The church of Saint Nicholas Acons was built in 1084 for Malmesbury Abbey. 'Acons' is probably a corruption of 'Haakon', a benefactor. The church was destroyed during the Great Fire of London in 1666 and was not rebuilt. The parish of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr was united to the parish of Saint Nicholas Acons in 1670. The parish of Saint Benet Gracechurch was united to the parish of Saint Leonard Eastcheap in 1670.
The united parishes of Saint Benet Gracechurch and Saint Leonard Eastcheap were united to the parish of All Hallows Lombard Street in 1864. The parish of Saint Dionis Backchurch was joined to All Hallows Lombard Street and united parishes in 1876. These united parishes were joined to the united parishes of Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and Saint Nicholas Acons in 1937 to form Saint Edmund the King and Martyr and united parishes.
Information from The London Encyclopaedia, eds. Weinreb and Hibbert (LMA Library Reference 67.2 WEI).
The site of the church of Saint Peter Cornhill has been used for Christian worship since antiquity, although it is unlikely that a church was founded on the site by the (mythical) King Lucius in AD 179 as is claimed. In the 15th century a grammar school and library were established at Saint Peter Cornhill. The church was destroyed in the Great Fire in 1666, but rebuilt by Wren in 1677-87. Owing to its antiquity and status, the parish was expressly excluded from the Union of Benefices Act of 1860 under which many City churches were demolished. The church was restored by J D Wyatt in 1872. A former churchyard to the south of the church, which lies on the west side of Gracechurch Street with its north porch on Cornhill, remains as an open space.
Saint Andrew's Church was built in 1886, and stood between Stockdale and Dashwood Roads. It was built of brick with stone dressings in a 13th century style. The church was destroyed by bombing during the Second World War. Services were conducted in a temporary church until the benefice was united with that of Saint George the Martyr, Battersea, in 1954; forming St George with St Andrew, Battersea.
Christ Church is situated on Battersea Park Road. The building was designed in a 14th century style. The church and parish were founded in 1861.
From: 'Parishes: Battersea with Penge', A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4 (1912), pp. 8-17.
In 1872 Canon Erskine Clarke, vicar of Saint Mary, Battersea felt that there was an "urgent need for a school for young children and for some place in which meetings for worship can be held and it is hoped that an Iron Building will be put up in or near Chatham Road". Philip Cazenove bought the land and on 8 August 1872 the Iron School House opened in which Sunday evening services were held by the Reverend Henry Verdon for seven years.
On his death and that of Philip Cazenove in 1880, Canon Erskine Clarke proposed the building of Saint Michael's Church as a joint memorial to the two men. The architect W. White was commissioned to provide a church to seat about 750 people. The memorial stones were laid by the Archbishop of Canterbury on 1 June 1881. The Church was dedicated on 10 September by the Bishop of Rochester and consecrated on 24 August 1883. A year later a separate parish was created and the first vicar of Saint Michael's instituted on 15 December 1884.
Saint Paul's started as a chapel of ease in the parish of Saint John. The church was constructed in stone in a 14th century style. In 1938-1939 the parish of Saint John, which had declined, was amalgamated with Saint Paul. It is advisable to consult the records of the two parishes in conjunction.