From its establishment in 1902 the London Day Training College was governed by a Local Committee appointed by the Technical Education Board (TEB) of the London County Council (LCC). This was originally composed of representatives from the TEB, the Senate of the University of London and the London School Board. From 1904, when the LCC took responsibility for all education in London, the LDTC Local Committee reported to the LCC's Higher Education Sub-Committee and was composed of the Chairman of the LCC, the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the LCC Education Committee, the Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor of the University of London and six representatives each from the University and the LCC. In Nov 1909 when the LDTC became a School of the University, the composition of its governing body was altered to include the College's Principal and Vice-Principal. At the same date it changed its name from the LDTC Local Committee to the LDTC Council. The LCC retained financial control while the LDTC Council was responsible for all other management issues. In Jun 1930, with a view to the transfer of management of the College to the University of London, Senate appointed a Transfer Committee which reported in Jul 1931. A Provisional Delegacy, appointed by Senate, took over management in 1931 (see IE/ULD). In 1932 full control of the LDTC was transferred to the University of London, not as a School, but as a central activity of the University, and was re-named the Institute of Education. From this date it was governed by a Delegacy appointed by Senate and an Academic Board (see IE/ACB) composed of Institute staff.
Thomas Percy Nunn was born in Bristol in 1870, the son of a schoolmaster. He was educated and taught in his father's school. In 1903 he joined the staff of the London Day Training College where he taught mathematics and science and supervised the arrangements for teaching practice. In 1905 he was appointed Vice-Principal and was Principal of the College, 1922-1932, and Director of the Institute of Education, University of London, 1932-1936. He became a University Professor of Education in 1913, and was knighted in 1930. Nunn sat on the Board of Education's Consultative Committee, was an influential witness to the Hadow Committee, served on the Labour Party's advisory committee on education, and was a member of the Child Guidance Council. His academic interests were broad, encompassing science, mathematics, philosophy and psychology. Nunn was involved in a wide range of organisations, including the Aristotelian Society, the British Association, the British Psychological Society, the Mathematical Association and the Training College Association. His publications included The Aims and Achievements of Scientific Method: An Epistomological Essay (1907) and Relativity and Gravitation (1923), but it is for Education: Its Data and First Principles (1920) that he became most famous. Nunn died in Madeira in December 1944.
The Archive of the Board of Education Inspectors' Association was named after Jack Kitching who was an HMI (Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools) from 1973-1982 and subsequently Honorary Archivist of the Association. Founded in 1919 as a direct consequence of the application of Whitleyism to the Civil Service, the Association was affiliated to the Association of First Division Civil Servants and its executive acted as the staff side of the Inspectorate Whitley Committee. Its main concerns were therefore salaries, pensions and conditions of service, although it also dealt with the function and activities of HMIs. In 1945 it changed its name to the Association of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools and in 1973 it amalgamated with the Association of First Division Civil Servants. It wound up its activities in 1992 on the creation of the Office for Standards in Education.
The London Association for the Teaching of English was formed in March 1947 by a number of teachers of English and others interested in the subject.The purpose was to provide a society in the London area for all interested in the teaching of English. Its objective was to provide a live forum for the exchange of ideas, for the practical study of problems connected with English teaching and for the dissemination of the results of group and individual work. Teachers from all types of schools and training colleges were invited. The inaugural meeting was held on June 3rd 1947 at the London Institute of Education. In September 1963 the National Association for the Teaching of English was formed and LATE became a corporate member. By the 1960s membership included teachers of English of all levels, in primary and secondary schools, day and training colleges and universities.
In 196[3] the Association's aims were:
(i) To undertake education research by means of group investigations, or by any other method, according to the nature of the problem
(ii) To campaign in educational field for such reforms as are considered necessary in the interests of education in and through English
(iii) To provide an opportunity for the communication of experiences and conclusions drawn from them
(iv)To give members an opportunity of hearing authoritative speakers on topics of importance and interest to teachers of English
(v)To furnish all members with full reports of meetings, conferences and study groups
(vi)To publish such results of our work as merit wider dissemination
(vii)To participate in the work of the National Association
LATE's work involved the creation of study and discussion groups which met and reported to the Association, and created books for schools; holding of two weekend conferences and several day conferences a year which often formed the starting point for a group study; holding of evening meetings twice a term with either speakers from the Association or an address by a 'distinguished speaker'. They were particuarly interested in composition, comprehension and poetry, and campaigned in the area of examinations. Reports of conferences were published and sold.
At writing (May 2010) LATE was still active. Their website is http://www.late.org.uk
Martin Lightfoot (1942-1999) was educated at St. Christopher's School in Letchworth, Tiffin School in Kingston and Downing College, Cambridge University, where he read English. Having spent some years as a Director of Penguin Books Ltd and Managing Director of Penguin Education, during which time he was also a key supporter of the National Association for the Teaching of English, in 1974 Lightfoot was appointed as Deputy Education Officer (Services) at the Inner London Education Authority where he was responsible for relations with the Inner London Boroughs and the Greater London Council and community and race relations issues. In 1977 he became Director of the Schools Council Industry Project, conducted jointly with the Confederation of British Industry and Trades Union Congress. From 1981-1983 he served as Specialist Adviser to the Select Committee on Education, Science and Arts where he was responsible for the drafting of reports, including on secondary examinations and curriculum, school meals and on 16-19 education. Lightfoot then took up an academic post at Brunel University, where he was a Senior Research Fellow, Director of the Centre for the Study of Community and Race Relations (1984-1988), and Co-Director of the Education Policy Centre. At Brunel, Lightfoot lectured on law and public services in the Departments of Law and Government, and taught education policy and management, community and race relations, education policy and public service organisation on postgraduate courses in Public and Social Administration. His research projects included 'Expectations of higher education' (c.1980s) during which the perspectives of undergraduates, graduate employers, academic staff, politicians and administrators were examined and 'Recreating Education: London and Education Reform' (1990-1991), which was funded by the Leverhulme Trust and examined the process of setting up education authorities in the Inner London boroughs subsequent to the break-up of the Inner London Education Authority. During his time at Brunel, he also acted as a consultant to the London Borough of Southwark during its preparations to take over educational administration from the Inner Lonodn Education Authority. He retired from Brunel University in 1990 and then worked as an independent educational consultant. During 1992-1993 he was a Visiting Fellow at the Department of Policy Studies, Institute of Education, University of London.
Bruce Martin (b 1917) studied at Cambridge and then with the Architectural Association. Following World War Two he worked in the Architects' Department of Hertfordshire County Council. The County Architects Department was formed in 1946 with C.H. Aslin as County Architect and Stirrat Johnson-Marshall as his Deputy. On the instigation of the County Education Department and under the influence of its famous Education Officer, John Newsom, it immediately embarked on what became known as 'The Hertfordshire experiment': a large building programme designed to provide many new primary schools for the County. In order to meet this challenge The Architects' Department used many pioneering techniques, including the pre-ordering of building materials, and the use of prefabricated construction. It also employed innovative educational ideas, which were associated with the move to 'child-centred' schools. The programme received widespread coverage in the architectural press. As part of the team responsible for the design and construction of primary schools in the County, Martin worked alongside Mary Crowley, A.R. Garrod, W.D. Lacey, David Medd, Oliver Carey, Anthony Cox and W.A. Henderson. Many of this group went on to become influential figures in the 'new school building' movement. The 1947 Primary School Programme of the County Council included the design of ten new primary schools: The Burleigh School, Blindman's Lane, Cheshunt; Essendon; Mill Lane Junior Mixed Infants School, Bushey; Strathmore Avenue Infant School, Hitchin; Bedford Road Junior Mixed Infants School, Letchworth; LCC Estate Junior School, Oxhey; Oliver Road Junior Mixed Infants School, Hemel Hempstead; and Little Green Lane Junior School, Croxley Green. In the following years he was also involved in the design and construction of Morgans Road Junior Mixed Infants School, Hertford.
The Moot was a private discussion group convened in 1939 by Joseph Houldsworth Oldham (1874-1969) in order to consider postwar social reconstruction within a Christian framework. It was composed of eminent philosophers and intellectuals such as T.S. Eliot, Karl Mannheim, R.H. Tawney and Sir Fred Clarke. Membership overlapped with the Council of the Churches on the Christian Faith and the Common Life. Individual members circulated papers for comment by correspondence and for discussion in meetings held three or four times a year..
Pastoral head in an Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) comprehensive school; ILEA co-ordinator of the Schools' Council's Sex Differentiation Project; advisory teacher, director of the SCDC/EOC Equal Opportunities Project; senior inspector in the London Borough of Ealing; project Manager of the Schools Make A Difference (SMAD) project; in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham; Professor of Professional Development in Education, University of Keele; Associate Director of the International School Effectiveness and Improvement Centre, Institute of Education, University of London. Senior Associate of The Leadership for Learning Network at the University of Cambridge and adviser for The London Challenge.
Nicholas Hans (1888-1969) was born in Russia and studied, and later lectured, in the Faculty of Philology at the University of Odessa during the turbulent decades following 1905. He participated in political life in Odessa during and after the 1917 Revolution, serving as a member of the City Council from 1918. In 1919 Hans left Russia for England and took up studies in the Department of Education, King's College, London. In the 1920s he began to work on the Year Book of Education, continuing this work until the outbreak of World War Two. During the War he worked as a civil servant in the Censorship Department of the Ministry of Information. In 1946 he was appointed as lecturer at King's College, becoming a Reader in Comparative Education in 1948. During this time he collaborated with Joseph Lauwerys at the Institute of Education in supervising higher degree students and arranging overseas trips, and he continued these activities after his retirement in 1953. He wrote and published on a wide range of topics, including comparative education, educational policy in Russia, and the history of Russian and eighteenth century education.
Nathan Isaacs (1895-1966) was a metallurgist and was awarded the OBE for the contribution he made to this field during World War Two. However, he also took a scholarly interest in the fields of philosophy, psychology and metaphysics, and was particularly interested in the work of Jean Piaget and in theories of child development and of the teaching of science to children. He lectured and wrote widely on these topics. He married the psychologist and educator Susan Fairhurst in 1922 and was closely involved with her work in the Malting House school experiment. After her death in 1948 he married Evelyn Lawrence, who had also worked at the Malting House School, Cambridge. They were both deeply involved with the National Froebel Foundation, an organisation devoted to promoting the ideas of the educationist, Friedrich Froebel.
Born, 1930; Latymer Upper School, Hammersmith; national service in the Royal Signals; attended St Catherine's College Cambridge, 1953-1956; tutor at Wandsworth School, 1956-1968 (Senior Geography Master, 1967-1968); Director of the Thameside Research and Development Group, Institution of Community Studies, 1968-1969; Housemaster at Elliot School, Putney, 1969-1970; Chairman of the Barons Court Labour Party, 1961-1963; contested Warwick and Leamington as a Labour candidate,1964; sat on the Hammersmith Local Government Committee of the Labour Party, 1966-1968; co-opted member of the Greater London Council (GLC) Planning and Transport Committees, 1966-1973; elected MP for Acton, 1970-1974 and Newham South, 1974-1997; Secretary of the Parliamentary Labour Party Education Group, 1971-1974.
The Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain was founded in 1964 under the presidency of Professor Louis Arnaud Reid. Its aim was 'to promote the development and teaching of the rigorous philosophical study of educational questions'. The Society is still active at the time of writing. It holds an annual three-day conference at New College, Oxford, as well as a variety of local branch meetings and conferences. The Society publishes the Journal of Philosophy of Education and IMPACT, a series of policy-related pamphlets.
R T Smith was an HMI in Wiltshire.
Founded in 1968, the Society of Teachers Opposed to Physical Punishment (STOPP) was a pressure group which campaigned for the abolition of corporal punishment in schools and other institutions in the United Kingdom. It lobbied government officials, parliament, the churches, local education authorities, teachers' organisations and other bodies, wrote constantly to the press and published surveys and reports. It also investigated individual cases and supported families taking cases to the European Court of Human Rights. After corporal punishment was abolished in all state-supported education in the UK in 1986, the Society wound up its affairs. The Children's Legal Centre carried on its remaining casework and the residue of its funds were transferred to the group End Physical Punishment of Children (EPOCH).
The Textbook Colloquium was founded by Christopher Stray and Ian Michael in 1988 to promote the interdisciplinary study of textbooks,especially from a historical perspective. It was affiliated with the Institute of English Studies, University of London and had members in Britain, Europe, North America and Australasia.
Members of the Board included: John Fauvel, Ian Michael, Jean Russell-Gebbett, Chris Stray and John Wilkes.
Their interests ranged from printing and publishing history to the history of education; from particular school subjects to the writing of textbooks; from collecting books to the sociology of the classroom. The group held three Colloquia a year and published its own journal Paradigm, the last issue of which came out in Autumn 2007. The Colloquium closed in 2008.
A distinguished social and economic historian, Richard Henry Tawney (1880-1962) was educated at Rubgy School and Balliol College, Oxford, from where he graduated in 1903. He lived and worked at the University Settlement, Toynbee Hall, in the East End of London and then lectured at Glasgow University from 1906-1908. Tawney joined the Executive Committee of the Workers' Educational Association (WEA) in 1905, serving for over forty years, and between 1908 and 1913 was a WEA class tutor in Lancashire. He was appointed Director of the Ratan Tata Foundation for the Study of Poverty at the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1913. He moved from LSE to Balliol College, Oxford University, in 1918, where he was a Fellow, returning again in 1919 as a Reader in economic history. He was Professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics, 1931-1949. Tawney served on the Consultative Committee of the Board of Education, 1912-1931, and on the University Grants Committee, 1943-1948. He was also a Christian Socialist and proponent of democratic education. Tawney took an active part in discussions on educational reform and exercised influence on policy-making in the area of education. His publications on the topic include: Secondary Education for All (1922) and Education: the Socialist Policy (1924). As an economic historian he is best known for The Acquisitive Society (1921) and Religion and the Rise of Capitalism (1926).
In 1864, Louisa Makin (1836-1912) married Robert White (1825-1887). He had two surviving children by his first wife, Elizabeth (1827-1855), a daughter Fanny Alicia White (1853-1922 - later married to Dr Julian Willis) and a son Robert Hornby White (1850-1888). Robert and Louisa White had several children. After their first child, a son, was still-born in 1865, Louisa went on to have Mary Louisa (Louie) White (1866-1935); Lucy Winifred (Winnie) White (1869-1962); Jessie Gertrude (1871-[1941]; and Agnes Sarah (1873-1882). Winnie married Charles Henry Nicholls (1866-1938) in 1902. Their daughter, born after the death of a first child) was Agnes Margaret (Poppy) Nicholls (1907-1993). All three daughters were educated at Sheffield High School and worked as teachers.
Winnie Nicholls worked for two years for the London University matriculation, but gave up her studies when her father died. She worked as a private governess (1888-1892) and then as a staff and form mistress at Kensington High School (1892-1901). During this period she trained in elocution at the Guildhall School of Music, and between 1902 and 1917 she taught elocution and history of art at various local schools including St Margaret's, Harrow, Kensington High School, Putney High School, Croyden High School and Leinster House School. In 1916-1917 she founded and was Head of The Garden School, which was based on principles of love, freedom, brotherhood, cooperation and service. The school moved from London to Ballinger, Great Missenden in 1921, and in 1928 to Lane End, near High Wycombe, 'where open air and contact with great natural beauty played an important part in the lives of pupils and staff. While academic subjects were given their due importance in the curriculum, music, rhythmic movement, drama, art and handicrafts were considered equally essential. All forms of original expression were encouraged'. Winnie Nicholls retired in 1937, though the school continued for another 10 years. She was also heavily involved with the New Education Fellowship, which held conferences at the Garden School.
Mary Louisa (Louie) White worked as a music teacher. She was also a composer and pianist of some skill, and invented the 'Letterless Method' of teaching music to beginners.
Jessie Gertrude White appears to have been a music teacher.
The Hands family consisted of William Joseph (b 1865) and his three children, Mary Constance (b 1889), Wilma Sybil (b 1890) and William Joseph George (b 1892). Mary Ann Walker was probably his wife and mother of the children. William Joseph Hands trained as a teacher at Battersea St John's Training College (1884-1885), and seems to have specialised in science and art. Upon qualification, he worked for a time at Wheathampstead National School, Hertfordshire (at least 1885-1890). Mary and Sybil Hands also trained as teachers at Salisbury Training College. William Joseph George Hands studied mathematics at Jesus College, Cambridge, 1910-1914. Although it is not known where he trained as a teacher, he later became His Majesty's Divisional Inspector of Schools for Derby (c.1920s). He was instrumental in the organisation of the Board of Education Exhibition which took place in connection with the Imperial Education Conference, 1923. He also helped to found the International Educational Society which was formed for the purpose of circulating lectures by scholars in literature, science, art and music on gramophone record for use in schools, adult education classes and at home.
Ronald (Ronnie) Haig Wilson (1917-2005) was a prominent educationalist who devoted his life to the advancement of international adult education in UK and Europe.
Born 1917; studied German and French at St Andrew's University, 1935-1938; part of an exchange scholarship to Germany from 1938-1939, where he had first-hand experience of the Third Reich regime and Nazi propaganda. Joined the army after completing his MA , 1940, Royal Artillery; volunteered for the intelligence corps and was based at Fort William, where he was responsible for military security and counter intelligence. In the last months of the War he was stationed in Germany; after the war he was in a unit which gathered intelligence necessary for the aims of the occupation to be carried out and was seconded to carry out work for Education Control; discharged, 1946; worked for the 'Education Branch of the Internal Affairs and Communication Division, Control Commission for Germany (British Element)'; posted to Rhineland/Westphalia, 1947; moved to the adult education section; worked for the Education Branch (Control Commission for Germany), later the Cultural Department of the British High Commission, 1947-1958, moving to Berlin in 1950, and Bonn in 1956; part of the Cultural Relations Group, Berlin; helped found the Deutscher Volkshochschul-Verband (DVV), a German adult education association, 1953. In 1957 the British Government closed the Education branch and Wilson returned to the UK. Senior Adult Tutor at Ivanhoe Community College in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire. 1958-1962; served on Leicestershire County Council (1958-1962); Educational Organiser (Further Education) for Huddersfield, 1962-1964; served on the Huddersfield Education Authority (1962-1964); head of Manchester's College of Adult Education, 1964-1980; retired, 1980; President of the Educational Centres Association, 1994-1996; died 2005.
The British National Antarctic or Discovery Expedition of 1901-1904
was the first official British exploration of the Antarctic regions since James Clark Ross's voyage, 1839-1843. It was organised by a joint committee of the Royal Society and the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) and it aimed to carry out scientific research and geographical exploration. Its scientific results covered extensive ground in biology, zoology, geology, meteorology and magnetism and King Edward VII Land, and the Polar Plateau via the western mountains route were discovered. The expedition did not make a serious attempt on the South Pole, its principal southern journey reaching a Furthest South at 82°17'S.
The African Association (whose full title was the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa) was founded in London in 1788. It offered patronage to many explorers of Africa, among them Mungo Park, John Lewis Burkhardt and Frederick Hornemann. In 1831 the Association merged with the newly formed Royal Geographical Society of London.
Explored the Mustagh Pass in the Karakoram Himalayas with E Honigmann, 1903; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1907-1959.
Born, 1850; educated at Rugby; Ceylon Civil Service, 1871-1875; joined the Hakluyt Society, 1877; called to the Bar, 1879; Council of the Hakluyt Society, 1887; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1928; Chancellor of the Diocese of Ely, 1894; Counsel of the Chairman of Committees at the House of Lords, 1896-1922; President of the Hakluyt Society, 1908-1926; member of the RGS Council, 1912; Inner Temple Bencher, 1914; died,1928.
Publications: The Voyage of François Pyrard de Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas, and Brazil translated by Albert Grey, assisted by H.C.P. Bell (1888)
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers).
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). Since 1831 the Society has published a Journal, initially containing the principal papers read at the Society's evening meetings and abstracts of Geographical works published elsewhere, it is now a refereed academic publication. The journal has appeared under various titles: Journal of the RGS (JRGS) 1831-1880; Proceedings of the RGS (PRGS) 1857-1878; Proceedings of the RGS (New Series) (PRGS (NS)) 1879-1892; Supplementary Papers (1882-1893); and the Geographical Journal (GJ) 1893 onwards. At first edited by the Secretary of the Society, the preparation and editing of these journals is currently carried out by the Geographical Journal Office.
The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was founded in 1830 as the Royal Geographical Society of London. Its aim was the advancement of Geographical Science. The Society was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1859. In 1995 the RGS merged with the Institute of British Geographers (IBG) to create the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). The RGS has a board of trustees known as the Council, who are responsible for the Society's governance. The Council also has committees that consider matters of strategy and implementation relating to their specific areas of expertise and which advise the Council and Society staff. These committees change over the years. The committees at the time of writing are: Finance, Education, Expeditions and Fieldwork, Information Services, and Research and Higher Education.
Born in Berlin, 1769; educated, Freiberg Academy of Mines under the famous geologist A.G. Werner; hiked around Europe with George Forester, Captain James Cook's scientific illustrator from his second voyage; government mines inspector in Franconia, Prussia, 1792-1800; expedition with botanist Aime Bonpland in South America, 1800-1803; lived in France, 1804-1827; King of Prussia's advisor, 1827-; invited to make geographical explorations of Russia by the tsar: discovered permafrost and recommended that Russia establish weather observatories across the country which were set up in 1835; gave public lectures in Berlin, 1827-1828; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1856-1859, died, 1859.
Publications: Kosmos (1845)
Born 1926; educated at Haileybury College and Clare College, Cambridge University; served in the British Army, 1945-1948, where he gained a commission in the Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 1946, and became Military Assistant to the Deputy Commander of the Allied Commission for Austria, 1947-1948; Research Fellow, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, collecting economic evidence for the Guillebaud Committee, 1953-1955; Assistant Lecturer, 1955-1957, and Lecturer, 1957-1961, in Social Science, London School of Economics; Reader in Social Administration, University of London, 1961; Associate Professor, Yale Law School, Yale University, USA, 1961; Professor of Social Administration, London School of Economics, 1965-1991; Consultant and expert advisor to the World Health Organisation on costs of medical care, 1957-; Consultant to the Social Affairs Division of the United Nations, 1959, and the International Labour Organisation, 1967 and 1981-1983; Special Advisor to the Secretary of State for Social Services, 1968-1970 and 1974-1978, and the Secretary of State for the Environment, 1978-1979; Advisor to the Commissioner for Social Affairs, European Economic Community, 1977-1980; Member of the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board, 1956-1963, the Central Health Services Council Sub-Committee on Prescribing Statistics, 1960-1964, the Sainsbury Committee, 1965-1967, the Long Term Study Group (on the development of the NHS), 1965-1968, the Hunter Committee, 1970-1972, and the Fisher Committee, 1971-1973; Chairman, Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee, 1961-1962; Governor of St Thomas' Hospital, 1957-1968, and Maudsley Hospital and the Institute of Psychiatry, 1963-1967; died 1996.
Publications: Health insurance in developing countries (International Labour Office, Geneva, 1990); Introduction to health policy, planning and financing (Longman, London, 1994); Cost containment and new priorities in health care: a study of the European Community (Avebury, Aldershot, 1992); Cost containment in health care: the experience of 12 European countries, 1977-83 (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1984); Planning the finances of the health sector: a manual for developing Countries (World Health Organization, Geneva, 1983); Child poverty (Family Service Units, London, [1976]); Marriage, parenthood and social policy (Liverpool University Press, 1982); Value for money in health services a comparative study (Heinemann, London, 1976); A history of the nursing profession (Heinemann Educational, London, 1975); National Health Service: the first thirty years (H.M.S.O., London, 1978); Report of Professor Brian Abel-Smith and Mr. Tony Lynes on a National Pension Scheme for Mauritius (Government Printer, Port Louis, 1976); Social policies and population growth in Mauritus: report to the Governor of Mauritius (Methuen, London, 1961); Poverty, development and health policy (World Health Organization, Geneva; H.M.S.O., London, 1978).
The Association of the Mission Homes for English and American Women in Paris, later known (from 1924) as the British and American Ada Leigh Homes and Hostels in Paris, were set up by Miss Ada Leigh (Mrs Travers Lewis) in 1876. The aims of the Association were to provide homes, free of charge, for women and children of, and connected with, the United Kingdom and its colonies, and the United States of America. The first hostel was at 77 Avenue Wagram, Paris, with others later being provided at Bineau Avenue and Washington House, Rue de Milan. The Association also built an Anglican church called Christchurch at Neuilly-sur-Seine, and actively promoted Anglicanism. During the German occupation of Paris during World War Two, Ada Leigh Homes was forced to cease operations, the Chaplain fled to Britain and the hostels were closed. After the war, activities were resumed, though on a smaller scale.
Born 1903; educated at Tonbridge School and City and Guilds College (Imperial College of Science and Technology); Works Manager, Aladdin Industries, Greenford, 1930-1946; Deputy President, Governmental Sub-Commission, Control Commission Germany, 1946-1947; Deputy Director, British Institute of Management, 1948; Labour MP for Edmonton, 1948-1974; Minister of State, Department of Economic Affairs, 1965-1967; Fellow of City and Guilds College and Imperial College; Chartered Engineer: died 1994.
The Andrew Shonfield Association was set up in 1987 in memory of Sir Andrew Akiba Shonfield (1917-1981), in order to 'perpetuate and develop that particular search for understanding in the political and social fields which characterised his work, with its emphasis on ideas about the mixed economy, individual and collective action, markets and the state: and the thinking about policy to which these lead'. The original Steering Committee consisted of Bernard Cazes, William Diebold, Ron Dore, Professor Jean Paul Samuel Fitoussi, Wolfgang Hager, Sir Arthur Knight, Arrigo Levi and John Pinder. The Association was wound up in 1994.
Lieutenant Commander Brian Ashmore was a member of the Liberal Party, and a parliamentary candidate for Carlisle in 1964.
The Coefficients dining club was founded at a dinner given by Beatrice and Sidney Webb in September 1902.
The National Society of Children's Nurseries (NSCN), originally known as the National Society of Day Nurseries, was founded in 1906 (the name was changed in 1942). Until 1928 it was closely linked with the National League for Physical Education and Improvement (known from 1918 until its dissolution in 1928 as the National League for Health, Maternity and Child Welfare). The Nursery School Association of Great Britain and Ireland (NSA) was founded in 1923. In 1973, it merged with the NSCN to form the British Association for Early Childhood Education (BAECE).
Born 1949; educated Sedgehill School, Polytechnic of North London (BA), Institute of Education (PGCE), and University of Sussex (MA); worked in educational publishing, 1974; Schoolmaster, 1976-1985; Conservative Councillor, London Borough of Lewisham, 1974-1982; contested St Pancreas North, 1973, Greenwich by-election, 1974, and GLC elections (Hackney Council), 1979; Member of Education Committee, Inner London Education Authority, 1978-1981; Conservative MP for Pembroke, 1987-1992; Member, Select Committee on Welsh Affairs, 1987-1990, and the Select Committee on Procedure, 1988-1990; Parliamentary Private Secretary to Minister of State, Department of Transport, 1990; Vice Chairman (Wales), Conservative Backbench Party Organisation Committee, 1990; Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Welsh Office, 1990-1992; contested Pembroke, 1992, and Reading West, 1997; Member, Further Education Funding Council for England (FEFCE), 1992-1997; Advisor on public affairs, Price Waterhouse, 1993-1998; JP, South West Division, Inner London; Chief Executive, Association of Consulting Engineers, 1998-present.
John Desmond Bernal, 1901-1971, was born in Nenagh, Ireland and educated at Bedford School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He embarked on a career in crystallography, becoming a lecturer and later Assistant Director of Research in Crystallography at Cambridge, 1934-1937, Professor of Physics at Birkbeck College, 1937-1963, and Professor of Crystallography at Birkbeck 1963-1968. He was made Honorary Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1965, and Fellow of Birkbeck College in 1969. He was also interested in the role that science could play in society and published books and pamphlets on this subject. He was a founder member of the World Peace Council, holding the presidency 1958-1965, and was awarded the Lenin Prize for Peace in 1958.
Elspeth Burn, was the youngest daughter of William Beveridge's wife, Janet Mair. She was responsible for the upkeep of the Master's Lodgings at University College, Oxford. Elspeth Burn was also part of a small 'technical committee' formed by Beveridge in 1943 to investigate full employment funded by a group of progressive businessmen.
Sir William Henry Beveridge was Chairman of the Royal Commission on the Coal Industry, 1925-1926. For a biography, see the Beveridge personal papers (Ref: Beveridge).
The price and wages material was collected by Beveridge and his research assistants for a proposed four volume history which was never completed. The first volume was printed in 1939, following which work was halted by World War Two. A grant from the Nuffield Foundation in 1954 allowed research work to resume, though nothing was published, perhaps due to Beveridge's death in 1963. For a biography, see the Beveridge personal papers (Ref: Beveridge).
BOAPAH was a pilot project conducted by the British Library of Political and Economic Science in 1979-1980, and financed by a Social Science Research Council grant. The aim of the project was to collect a systematic oral archive of interviews with key figures from politics, the civil service and the armed forces. Interviewees were selected predominantly from former Permanent Secretaries or former Cabinet Ministers, and were asked questions relating to the whole period of their official life, concentrating on the post-war years. Day to day administration and interviewing was carried out by Andrew Seldon. A detailed methodology is available in the bound catalogue.
Dr Anne M Bohm obtained a PhD at Berlin University in 1935. She was Assistant to the Dean of Postgraduate Studies, London School of Economics, 1941-1950; Dean and Registrar of the Graduate School, 1950-1977; and, External Relations Consultant, 1978-1985. An Anne Bohm Fund for postgraduate students was launched in summer 2000.
Born 1920; educated London School of Economics (BSc, MSc); served British Army, 1943-1947, as part of The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment); Staff Capt, General Headquarters, India, 1945-1946; Rockefeller Foundation Fellow, University of Paris, 1951-1952; Reader in Sociology, London School of Economics, 1952-1964; Editor, Current Sociology, 1953-1962; English Editor, European Journal of Sociology, 1960-1973; Professor of Sociology and Head of the Department of Anthropology, Political Science and Sociology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1965-1967; Professor of Sociology, University of Sussex, 1968-1985; Emeritus Professor, 1985-1992; Executive Secretary, 1953-1959, Vice-President, 1970-1974, and President, 1974-1978, International Sociological Association; President, British Sociological Association, 1969-1971; retired, 1985; British Language Editor, Socialism in the Future; died 1992.
Publications: translator of German Sociology (William Heinemann, London, 1957); Classes in modern society (Ampersand, London, 1955); Critics of society: radical thought in North America (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1967); Élites and society (Watts and Co, London, 1964); Sociology: a guide to problems and literature (George Allen and Unwin, London, 1962); Sociology as social criticism (Allen and Unwin, London, 1975); translator and editor of Marx's Early writings (Watts and Co, London, 1963); editor Selected writings in Sociology and Social Philosophy (Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1963); Citizenship and social class (Pluto Press, London, 1992); A history of sociological analysis (Heinemann Educational, London, 1979); Marxist Sociology (Macmillan, London, 1975); editor Readings in Marxist Sociology (Clarendon, Oxford, 1983); translator and editor Austro-Marxism (Clarendon, Oxford, 1978); Theories of modern capitalism (Allen and Unwin, London, 1985); editor Max Weber and Karl Marx (Allen and Unwin, London, 1982); editor Karl Marx (Blackwood, Oxford, 1979); The Frankfurt School (Horwood, Chichester, 1984); editor Crisis and contention in sociology (Sage, London, 1975); editor Sociology, the state of the art (Sage, London, 1982); Sociology and socialism (Wheatsheaf, Brighton, 1984); translator The philosophy of money (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1981); editor Finance capital: a study of the latest phase of capitalist development (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1981); editor Modern interpretations of Marx (Blackwell, Oxford, 1981); editor A dictionary of Marxist thought (Blackwell, Oxford, 1983); Between marginalism and Marxism (St Martins, New York, 1992); Political sociology (Pluto, London, 1993); editor The Blackwell dictionary of twentieth century social thought (Blackwell, Oxford, 1993); Economic Sociology of J A Schumpter (Harvester Wheatsheaf, London, 1992); The socialist economy; theory and practice (Harvester Wheatsheaf, London, 1990); editor The capitalist class; an international study (Harvester Wheatsheaf, London, 1989); editor Interpretations of Marx (Blackwell, Oxford, 1988).
The British Sociological Association was founded in 1951, following several meetings held in London, on the initiative of a number of university Professors, including A M Carr-Saunders, D V Glass, V G Childe, Raymond Firth and M Fortes. The Association was aimed at 'promoting interest in sociology, and advancing its study and application in this country, and at encouraging contact and co-operation between workers in all relevant fields of inquiry', bringing together those who were interested in the sociological aspect of their own field of study. The membership of the Association continues to be drawn from a wide range of interest groups, including research, teaching, postgraduates, undergraduates, and practitioners in many professional fields. The BSA promotes the exchange of ideas and information both through it's publications, most notably the journal 'Sociology', and through study groups, Summer Schools and the Postgraduate Forum (a network for postgraduate students). It actively promotes professional standards, advising individuals and institutions, and producing guidelines. It also contributes to policy development in related areas of research and training.
Edwin Cannan, 1861-1935, was born in Funchal, Madeira, and educated at Clifton College and Balliol College, Oxford. Due to an illness which necessitated a long voyage he did not take an honours degree but took political economy as one of his subjects in the pass school. On the strength of his early writings he was invited to lecture on economics at the London School of Economics when it was founded in 1895. He became the effective head of the economics department although he was not created Professor of Political Economy by the University of London until 1907. He also held the position of Dean of the Faculty of Economics in the University of London from 1900 to 1904. He retired in 1926 and spent his time preparing his book A Review of Economic Theory (1929) which embodied the substance of his 60 lecture course on the principles of economics. Cannan was also interested in the practicality of economics. For many years he reviewed current government publications for the Economic Review and he served a term of office on the Oxford City Council. His large knowledge of local government history is shown in his publication History of Local Rates in England. He was also president of Section F of the British Association in 1902 and 1931 and president of the Royal Economic Society 1932 - 1934. The publications for which he is best known are his definitive version of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1904) and his edition of Smith's Glasgow lectures in jurisprudence (1896).