John Baker Carpenter was born in Cheltenham in 1874. He was educated at Cheltenham and County School and later attended Corpus Christi College, Cambridge where he graduated with a second class Theology Tripos in 1896. He was appointed to the Church Missionary Society on 30 June 1896. From 1897 to1899 he served as Curate of St. Thomas's, Birmingham. He was posted to Fukien Mission, Foochow on 6 October 1899. He served in Foochow from 1899 to 1901, and 1908 to 1911. Between 1901 and 1907, he was stationed at Futsing, and between 1911 and 1914 at Kutien. From 1915 to 1920 he taught at the Union Theological College at Foochow (later the Fukien Christian University), and from 1917 to 1920 he was Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Fukien. He returned from China in 1921. He married Edith Casson on 22 April 1901. Their son John was a missionary with the China Inland Mission.
The excavation of Kom-Ed-Dik (also known as Kom-El-Dikka), Alexandria, Egypt, began in 1947. It was conducted by the Farouk 1st University, Alexandria, under the direction of Alan John Bayard Wace. Arthur Lane of the Department of Ceramics at the Victoria and Albert Museum joined the team in 1949 to study the pottery found.
Chaloner Alabaster was born in 1838 at Barcombe in Bournemouth, and educated at King's College, London. In 1855 he was appointed student interpreter in China and served through the Opium wars and the Taiping Rebellion. He was Vice-Consul at Shanghai (1869-1873), and went on to become Consul General at Hankow (Wuhan) (1880-1886) and Canton (1886-1891). In 1892, the year of his retirement, he was knighted. He died in 1898. Sir Chaloner Alabaster was married in 1875, to Laura, daughter of Dr. D. J. MacGowan of New York.
His elder brother was a member of the China Consular Service from 1856 and his son became Attorney General in Hong Kong.
George Percival Bargery was born in Exeter on 1 October 1876. He was educated at Hele School, Exeter, Islington College and the University of London. He was ordained as a chaplain to the Church Missionary Society in 1899. In 1900 he went to Northern Nigeria, where he served as a missionary until 1910. In that year he was invalided home as unfit for further service in the tropics, but within two years he had been accepted for a post in the Colonial Education Service and was back again in Northern Nigeria, where he remained until 1930. It was for his work during this period that he is best known. After founding the first government school among the Tiv people on the Benue, he turned his attention to the Hausa language and was appointed Government Examiner in it. In 1921 he was seconded by the Governor, Sir Hugh Clifford, to compile a dictionary of that language. His Hausa-English Dictionary was published in 1934 and included the first tonal analysis of the Hausa language. For his work he received a Doctorate in Literature from University of London in 1937.
While he was still working in London on the final stages of the dictionary, Bargery was appointed as Lecturer in Hausa to the School of Oriental Studies. He was made Senior Lecturer in 1935, and Reader in 1937. He did not retire from this post until 1947. After his retirement from the School he continued similar teaching under the Colonial Office at both Oxford and Cambridge until 1953. In 1953, at the age of 77, he returned to Kano at the invitation of the British and Foreign Bible Society, to superintend work on a new Hausa translation of the New Testament. He was awarded the OBE when he returned to England in 1957. He outlived both his wives: Eliza Minnie, whom he married in 1906 and who died in 1932, and Minnie Jane, whom he married eight years later, and who died in 1952. He had one son by his first marriage. Towards the end of his life he was plagued by ill health and became almost totally blind. He died on 2 August 1966.
Bantu refers to an African ethnic and linguistic group, numbering c120 million and inhabiting much of Africa south of the river Congo. There are almost a hundred Bantu languages, which include, for example, Swahili and Zulu. Most are tonal. The Bantu group of languages forms a subdivision of the Benue-Niger division of the Niger-Congo branch of the Niger-Kordofanian language family. African languages have been subject to scholarly interest particularly in the 20th century.
The Philippines comprise thousands of islands and rocks, of which c400 are permanently inhabited. Luzon is among the largest islands, and the capital Manila is located there. The majority of the inhabitants, known as Filipinos, belong to the Malay group. Other groups include the Negritos and the Dumagats. Over 80 per cent of the population is Roman Catholic. Some 70 native languages are spoken. Ferdinand E Marcos was elected President in 1965, and he remained in office until he fled the country in 1986.
The medical missionary Frederick Charles Roberts (1862-1894) was commemorated in the London Missionary Society's Roberts Memorial Hospital, which opened in in T'sangchou (Tsangchow or Changzhou), about 90 miles south of Tientsin (Tianjin) in northern China, in 1903. Its establishment was funded by gifts from the Roberts family and by support from the local community. Its staff included Dr Arthur Davies Peill (1874-1906), who worked for the London Missionary Society as medical missionary to north China from 1896, and his brother Dr Sidney George Peill (1878-1960), medical missionary at Tsangchow from 1907.
Born at Sherborne, 1845; studied at Cheshunt College (Cambridge); appointed London Missionary Society (LMS) missionary to Peking, was ordained, and sailed for Peking, 1871; married Edith Prankard (d 1903), 1872; engaged in pastoral and evangelistic work in Peking and its out-stations; in charge of the native church and out-stations, 1873-1876; settled in the West City; left Peking and joined the mission station at Chi Chow (Siaochang), 1897; with his family and other missionaries, forced to leave due to the Boxer Uprising, 1900; fled to the coast near Chefoo, took a steamer to Japan, and returned to England via Canada; returned to Peking, 1902; joined the staff of the Union Theological College, Peking, 1905; resigned and was transferred to Sioachang, 1915; served for many years as Secretary of the LMS North China District Committee; returned to England, 1921; resigned his position as a missionary, 1922; subsequently went back to live in China, but returned to England, 1933; died at Marlborough, Wiltshire, 1937. Publications: contributed several articles on the Chinese version of the Scriptures to Hasting's Dictionary of the Bible. His daughter, Gladys Evans Meech (1888-1935), was also a missionary to China, 1925-1935.
The Advisory Committee on Oriental Materials (ACOOM) was set up in 1980 as an advisory committee of the Standing Conference on National and University Libraries (SCONUL). The organisation acted as a discussion group for matters concerning libraries holding collections of Oriental material, largely university libraries (particularly Durham, Exeter, Cambridge, Hull, Oxford, and the School of Oriental and African Studies) and national libraries such as the various departments of the British Library relating to Oriental materials. ACOOM was formerly known as the SCONUL Group of Orientalist Libraries and in 1991 became the National Council on Orientalist Library Resources.
Harold Edgar Wareham was born on 8 January 1872 at Guildford, son of the Rev. Edward Allport Wareham who was a missionary to Southern India with the London Missionary Society. He studied theology at Edinburgh Congregational Hall, and medicine and surgery at Edinburgh University. He was ordained in April 1902, and was appointed to the London Missionary Society Central African Mission as a medical missionary. He married Rebecca Purves Stewart (b 1877) on 19 April 1902. Dr and Mrs Wareham left Britain on 30 April 1902 and arrived in Kawimbe on 3 August. They were stationed at Kambole until October 1903, when they were transferred to Kawimbe. In 1921, Dr Wareham was appointed temporarily to Mpolokoso. He left in May 1922 to open a new mission station at Kafulwe in Lake Mweru district. The Warehams carried out medical, educational and some evangelical activities. In 1925 they were transferred to Mbereshi. Their work as missionaries in Northern Rhodesia ended in 1931, when Dr Wareham retired on grounds of ill health. They returned to Britain on 21 September 1931. Harold Edgar Wareham died in Edinburgh on 4 February 1955. Mrs Wareham died on 15 March in the same year.
Edith M Lucas was born into a wealth Jewish family, but converted to Christianity and served as a missionary with the China Inland Mission, working in Chinkiang in KiangSu province. After her marriage she was Edith Cox.
Born in Suffolk, 1901; known as Wouse; emigrated to Kenya, 1920; became an education officer among the Masai; learned the language and became an expert on Masai culture; transferred to the Administrative Service; serving as District Commissioner of Turkana District when Jomo Kenyatta (later Prime Minister, 1963, and President, 1964, of Kenya) and other convicts of the Mau Mau organisation (which aimed in the 1950s to force the expulsion of white settlers) were detained there; became friends with Kenyatta, who influenced his views on African politics; retired at the time of Kenyan independence (1963) and became a Kenyan citizen, helping to demarcate the national boundaries and travelling long distances through wild terrain; continued to work as a magistrate into old age; awarded Kenya's highest decoration, Grand Warrior of Kenya; died, 1989. For further information see Elizabeth Watkins's biography, Jomo's Jailor: Grand Warrior of Kenya (Britwell Books, Watlington, 1996; first published in France, 1993).
Cecil Edward Seager was born on 1 April 1908, in Leicester. He was educated at Leeds Modern School (Secondary) between 1913 and 1926. On leaving school, he was accepted as a missionary student at the United Independent College, Bradford. He took an arts course at Edinburgh University, graduating with an MA in October 1931. He went on to read for a theology course at the United Independent College, which he completed in June 1933. In the same year he was appointed as a missionary with the London Missionary Society. He was posted to Inyati, Southern Rhodesia, where he became Principal of the Institution (school), with additional charge of the Inyati District. From 1937, he and his wife were stationed at Tjimali and Dombodema, Matabeleland. In 1941, he resigned from the London Missionary Society and took up alternative ministerial work in southern Africa.
Lancelot Lawford worked for the Chinese Maritime Customs in Shanghai and Peking at a period of political instability and fighting following the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the establishment of a republic.
The Rev J Martin was a missionary in China, possibly with the Church Missionary Society.
Roger Virgoe was appointed as Lecturer in History at the University of Khartoum, the Sudan, in July 1961. He remained there until 1964. He and his colleagues were witness to the role of the University in political events in the Sudan, in the 1960s.
By the early 1960s there was considerable opposition to the military government established by the Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Army, General Ibrahim Abbud. In the coup d'état of 1958, he had dissolved all political parties and set up the Supreme Council of Armed Forces. The policies of the regime were most fiercely opposed in southern Sudan where, in 1963, a revolt broke out against the imposition of Arab rule led by the Anya Nya (a southern Sudanese guerilla organisation).
In October 1964, students at the University of Khartoum held a meeting - in defiance of a government prohibition - to condemn government action in southern Sudan and denounce the military regime. Demonstrations followed, leading to violent clashes with the police during which one student was killed and several injured. A 'National Front' was formed to oppose the government, led by university staff and professionals. The headquarters of the organisation was based at the University. As disorder spread, Abbud was forced to dissolve the ruling Council and resign his position as Head of State. A transitional government was appointed, and elections were held in 1965 to form a representative government.
Born, 1888; educated at the Perse Grammar School; Christ's College, Cambridge (Senior Scholar); first class, Classical Tripos Part I, 1909; first class, Oriental Languages Tripos, 1910; first class, Classical Tripos Part II, 1911; awarded the Brotherton Memorial Sanskrit Prize; elected Fellow of Christ's College, 1912; Indian Educational Service Lecturer in Sanskrit at Queen's College, Benares, 1913; Wilson Philological Lecturer, Bombay University, 1914; served with the 2nd/3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles in Palestine and India, 1915-1919; awarded the Military Cross; twice mentioned in despatches; Examiner, Oriental Languages Tripos and Classical Tripos Part II, Cambridge; Professor of Indian Linguistics, Benares Hindu University, 1920-1922; Wilson Philological Lecturer, Bombay University, 1922; Professor of Sanskrit, School of Oriental Studies, University of London, 1922-1954; Philological Society Honorary Treasurer, 1931-1962, and President, 1939-1943; Director of the School of Oriental Studies, from 1938 the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), 1937-1957; under his Directorship the first department of the languages and cultures of Africa in a British university was begun, and the School moved from the City of London to Bloomsbury; during the Second World War, following his warnings that the forces lacked sufficient personnel trained in Asian languages, SOAS trained servicemen in Chinese and Japanese for intelligence work; elected Fellow of the British Academy, 1942; instrumental in the appointment of the Scarborough Commission (which was to recommend expanded provision in British universities for the study of Asia and Africa), 1944; subsequently engaged in implementing the Commission's recommendations at SOAS; Knight, 1950; Honorary Fellow, Christ's College, Cambridge, 1950; Royal Asiatic Society President, 1952-1955, Gold Medallist, 1953, and Honorary Vice-President, 1963; retired as Professor, 1954; Emeritus Professor, 1954; Honorary Fellow, SOAS, 1957; Honorary Fellow, Deccan College, Poona; member of the Inter-Services Committee on Language Training, Linguists' Committee of Ministry of Labour and National Service, Colonial Social Science Research Council, Advisory Committee on the Humanities of the British Council, Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies, Treasury sub-committee for studentships in foreign languages and cultures, and University Grants Committee sub-committee on Oriental and African Studies; member of various overseas learned societies in Europe, America and Asia; recipient of numerous medals, honorary degrees, and awards; died, 1983. Publications: various works on linguistic subjects, including Indo-Aryan languages, among them A Comparative and Etymological Dictionary of the Nepali Language (1931), and A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages (1966), with Indexes by his wife Lady Dorothy Rivers Turner (1969) and a Phonetic analysis (1971), and the posthumously-published Addenda, ed J C Wright (1985).
In the late 19th century European powers including Italy sought to extend their influence in east Africa. Italy extended its influence sufficiently to proclaim the colony of Eritrea in the 1880s. Dispute over the meaning of a treaty signed by Menelik II (d 1913) of Ethiopia with Italy (1889), whereby Italy claimed it had been given a protectorate over Ethiopia, led to an Italian invasion in 1895 which resulted in Italy being defeated. Under the Treaty of Addis Ababa (1896) Italy recognized the independence of Ethiopia, but retained its Eritrean colonial base.
Nafka is a town in north-western Eritrea, a commercial centre of the Habab people and the site of an Italian Residenza.
Born, 1795; married Anna Wale (d 1859); appointed by the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society to St Vincent, West Indies, 1824; stationed in the West Indies, 1825-1838; minister at Retford, 1838-1840; minister at Belper, 1840-1842; returned to missionary work, serving in Demerara and the West Indies, 1842-1851; returned to England, serving as minister at Launceston, Kingsbridge, Ashburton and Bridgewater, 1851-1857; returned as missionary to Demerara, 1857-1861; missionary to Antigua, 1862-1866; returned to England and died at Weston-super-Mare, 1866.
Francis Light was born in Suffolk. Although his date of birth is unknown, his baptism is recorded as 15 December 1740. He was educated at Seckford's Grammar School, Woodbridge from 1747. He entered service as a surgeon's servant on the HMS Mars in February 1754, and subsequently served as midshipman on the HMS Captain, the HMS Dragon and in 1761 aboard the HMS Arrogant. His employment with the Navy ended in 1763. In 1765 he embarked on a journey bound for Madras and Bombay aboard the East India Company's ship 'Clive'. In India, he secured command of a 'Country Ship' (owned in India and engaged in trade in Eastern waters) belonging to a Madras firm of merchants, Jourdain, Sulivan & Desouza. Light was posted to Kedah with the company, where he quickly attained an influential position with the Sultan of Kedah. From 1771, he was involved in various proposals to cede land belonging to Kedah to the British. In 1786 Light was able to report to the Bengal Government that he had persuaded the Sultan to cede the Island of Penang (Pulau Penang) to the East India Company for $6000 a year. The offer was accepted and in June 1786 Light was appointed first Superintendent of the new British colony. He landed with his forces in July 1786, and on 11 August the colony was christened Prince of Wales Island. He combined his position as Superintendent with his role as principal merchant.
By 1791, the Sultan of Kedah found that his revenues were being seriously diminished by the growing prosperity of Penang, and he demanded additional income to compensate for this loss. He simultaneously made preparations to seize the island, constructing a fort at Prye. Light obtained reinforcements from Bengal and attacked the fort, capturing it on 12 April 1791. The Sultan sued for peace and a treaty was agreed. The Sultan was granted an annual payment of $6000, on condition that the English could continue in possession of Penang. The settlement entered a period of relative quiet during which Light oversaw its administration, with periodic requests to the Bengal Government for a larger administrative staff.
With the beginning of the French War with England in February 1793, and the threat that this posed to English trade in the East, Light called for the reinforcement of troops in Indian waters. He also set about rebuilding Penang's defences. Naval reinforcements arrived in Madras at the end of 1793. The French attempt to capture Penang did not take place until 1796, after Light's death.
Light married Martina Rozells, by whom he had 3 daughters and 2 sons. His eldest son, William Light, became the first Surveyor General of Southern Australia and founder of the city of Adelaide. Francis Light died from a Malarial attack on 21 October 1794.
Further reading: A F Steuert, The Founders of Penang and Adelaide: a Short Sketch of the Lives of Francis and William Light (London, 1901); H P Clodd, Malaya's First British Pioneer: the Life of Francis Light (London, 1948).
The Presbyterian Church of England (PCE) Foreign Missions Committee, or the English Presbyterian Mission, was established in 1843, as one of the first committees of the reconstituted Presbyterian Church. It resolved at its Synod to 'institute foreign missions in connection with this Church as speedily as possible'; however, the first missionary was not appointed until 1847. China was chosen as the first mission field for the English Presbyterian Mission, due in part to the interest engendered by the Opium Wars and in part to the fact that the Free Church of Scotland were unable to set up a Presbyterian mission in China at that time. In 1847 William Burns was appointed, and worked firstly in Hong Kong, moving on to Amoy in 1850.
The first mission field for the English Presbyterian Mission was Amoy (South Fukien) established by Burns and Dr James Young. Work was extended to the Swatow (Lingtung) area of East Shandong. George Smith was the first permanent PCE missionary in the area from 1858, and the Swatow Mission Hospital was established in 1863, while the Women's Missionary Association was founded in 1878. The mission field in China was further extended inland with the establishment of the Hakka mission in 1879.
Work began in Formosa (Taiwan) in 1865, and it was quickly designated as a children's field. Medical and education work was carried out by missionaries Dr Maxwell and Thomas Barclay, the latter founding the Tainan Theological College. The growing power of Japan in the 1930s led to a reduction of PCE staff in Formosa, and missionaries finally withdrew in 1940. In the post-war period however the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan was able to recover, and the relationship between the Church and PCE has undergone profound change.
Whereas the Formosa mission extended out from Amoy, the extension of PCE mission work to the Singapore and Malaysia field was as a response to calls from missionaries in the Swatow and Hakka fields, and from the expatriate Presbyterian congregation of Orchard Road, Singapore. John Bethune Cook began work in the area in 1881, and retired in 1925. The fall of Singapore and the Japanese occupation effectively ended the PCE mission, a small number of missionaries were interned and the Church cut off from mission support. In the period of ecumenical change following the War, PCE missionaries worked primarily at a congregational level and in local schools.
The withdrawl of the PCE from China, as for other missionary societies, is also a phenomenon of the post-war period. Despite the optimistic attempts to re-establish the missions after the Japanese occupation, the situation became increasingly difficult and the PCE, along with other missionary societies, withdrew from China between 1949 and 1953.
Work of the English Presbyterian mission was not confined to East and South East Asia, and in 1862, a mission was established at in the district of Rajshahi, Bengal, India (now Bangladesh). The mission was started by Rev. Behari Lal Singh who was an agent of the Free Church of Scotland's mission in Calcutta. The first English Presbyterian missionary Dr Donald Morison arrived three years after his death in 1878. Medical and educational work was carried out, with limited successes, and the mission was both understaffed and often in danger of being closed down. In the period after the partition of India in 1947, the mission increased its staffing and developed a hospital, nursing school and Girls High School. Work was also carried out among the Santal tribal people. However, the civil war between East and West Pakistan, which led to the establishment of Bangladesh in the 1960s, affected the mission field, which is now the Rajshahi deanery of the Church of Bangladesh.
In 1972 the Presbyterian Church of England joined with the Congregational Church in England and Wales, a constituent body of the Council of the Congregational Council for World Mission, to form the United Reformed Church. The CCWM changed its name to the Council for World Mission as a result of the inclusion of both Congregational and Reformed members. In 1981 the URC joined together with the Re-formed Churches of Christ.
Further information on the history of the Presbyterian Church of England Foreign Missions Committee can be found in the following works: Edward Band, Working His Purpose Out: the history of the English Presbyterian Mission 1847-1947 (London, 1948); Reginald Fenn, Working God's Purpose Out 1947-1972 (London, 1997); George Hood, Pilgrims in Mission: Celebrating 150 years of the English Presbyterian Mission (Alnwick, 1998); George Hood, Neither bang nor whimper: the end of a missionary era in China (Singapore, 1991).
William Mackinnon was born on 13 March 1823 in Campbeltown, Argyleshire. He was educated in Campbeltown and trained in the grocery trade there. Early in his life he went to Glasgow, where he was employed in a silk warehouse and afterwards in the office of a merchant engaged in the Eastern Trade.
MacKinnon began his business career in 1847, when he joined an old school fellow Robert MacKenzie who was engaged in the coasting trade in the Bay of Bengal. Together they founded the firm of Mackinnon, MacKenzie & Company. On 29 September 1856, the Calcutta and Burmah Steamship Navigation Company was founded, mainly through Mackinnon's exertions. In 1862 the rapidly expanding company was renamed the British India Steamship Navigation Company. What had begun as a single steamer plying between Calcutta and Rangoon, became one of the greatest shipping companies in the world. Under Mackinnon's guidance it developed and created a vast trade around the coast of India and Burma, the Persian Gulf and East Coast of Africa, besides establishing subsidiary lines of connection with Great Britain, the Dutch East Indies and Australia. In 1873, the company established a mail service between Aden and Zanzibar. Mackinnon gained the confidence of Sultan Seyyid Barghash and in 1878 opened negotiations with him for the lease of a territory extending 1,150 miles along the coastline from Tungi to Warsheik, and extending inland as far as the eastern province of the Congo Free State. The British Government however, declined to sanction the concession, which if ratified would have secured for England the whole of what became German East Africa. In 1886 the British Foreign Minister availed himself of Mackinnon's influence to secure the coast line from Wanga to Kipini, a charter was granted and the Imperial British East Africa Company was formally incorporated on 18 April 1888 with Mackinnon as Chairman. The territory was finally taken over by the British Government on 1 July 1895, and became British East Africa. Mackinnon was also instrumental in promoting and funding Sir Henry Morton Stanley's expedition for the relief of Emin Pasha in 1886.
In 1858 Mackinnon became a Director of the City of Glasgow Bank, resigning that position in 1870, eight years before the Bank's complete collapse. Mackinnon did not escape from the consequences of the failure of the Bank, one of the most serious crises in modern Scottish financial history. The liquidators sued him for close to a quarter of a million pounds on a claim connected with advice Mackinnon was said to have given on American railway securities. Following protracted litigation, Mackinnon was completely exonerated by the court from the charges against him when it was demonstrated that the course of action taken by the remaining directors was contrary to his express advice.
Mackinnon was one of the chief supporters of the Free Church of Scotland. However, towards the end of his life the passage of the Declaratory Act, of which he disapproved, led to a difference of opinion between him and the leaders of the Church and he materially assisted the seceding members in the Scottish Highlands. In 1891 he founded the East African Scottish Mission.
In 1882 he was nominated C.I.E. He was created a Baronet on 15 July 1889. He married Janet Colquhoun (d 1894) on 12 May 1856. They had no children. William Mackinnon died on 22 June 1893, in the Burlington Hotel, London. He was buried at Clachan, Argyleshire.
Ernest A Findorff was Commissioner of Commerce in Belgium and UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization) consultant in the Philippines in 1969-1970.
William Gawan Sewell was born on 6 July 1898, in Whitby, Yorkshire. He was born into an old Quaker family. He was educated at Ackworth School, Whitby County School and took his M.Sc. in chemistry at Leeds University. In 1921 he was appointed Demonstrator and Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Colour Chemistry at Leeds University. In 1922 he married Hilda Guy, a fellow student at Leeds (Botany and Education). They were to have three daughters and one son (the eldest daughter died in Chengdu at the age of seven).
In 1924 he resigned his University post to go, with his wife, to the West China Union University, Chengdu, Sichuan, as part of the Friends Foreign Mission Association (later the Friends Service Council). After a years language study he joined the Department of Chemistry, eventually becoming the Head and Associate Dean of the College of Science. In 1927 he was evacuated from Chengdu. After some time in Shanghai, he spent two terms teaching at Lingnan University, Canton, before returning to Sichuan.
From 1942 to 1945, he and his family were interned by the Japanese at Stanley, Hong Kong. After recuperation in England he returned to Chengdu in 1947. In 1949, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, he was one of the few foreign teachers invited to stay. He continued his teaching at the West China Union University, returning to England in 1952.
After leaving China, he worked for eleven years (1952-1963) as Assistant Registrar (London Representative) of the University of Ghana (formerly the University College of the Gold Coast). He retired in 1964, and spent his time involved chiefly with China and Quaker committees. He was for several years a Vice-Chairman of the Friends Service Council, a Chairman for one year. He paid three visits to New Zealand, which gave him the opportunity of lecturing on China. In 1974 he visited eastern China. He died on 13 January 1984.
His publications (with the Edinburgh House Press) include Land and Life of China (1933); Turbid Waters (1934); China Through a College Window (1937); Strange Harmony (An Account of Internment) (1946); I Stayed in China (1966); The People of Wheelbarrow Lane (1970); China and the West: Mankind Evolving (1970).
H. G. A. Hughes was born 21 July 1921 in Pontlottyn, Wales. He was educated in Pontypridd and at Jesus College, Oxford. In 1947 he gained a diploma in Education from the Institute of Education and then remained there as a research assistant on Community Development and Tropical Education. From 1949 to 1954 he was lecturer in Linguistics with reference to Oceanic Languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies and during this period, from Jan 1951 - Jun 1952, he undertook research in Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands, Solomon Islands and Samoa. From 1955 to 1959 he was International Librarian at the International Library, Liverpool and from 1959 to 1963 Head of Department of Commerce and Liberal Studies at the Technical College, Colwyn Bay. In 1963 he became Visiting Senior Lecturer at Charles University, Prague and received a doctorate from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. From 1966 to 1974 he was Borough Librarian for Flint and then worked as a tutor for the Open University, trainee solicitor and financial administrator and Hospital Secretary, St. Clare's, Pantasaph.
Dr Hughes has written numerous publications on a wide range of subjects, but with a particular reference to the Pacific, and since 1947 he has been Director of a number of companies involved in reviewing, publishing and translating; particularly on Welsh subjects. Membership of organisations includes Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Societé des Oceanistes, Polynesian Society, Linguistic Society of New Zealand, Association of Social Anthropologists in Oceania, Institute of Journalism, Society of Authors, Translators Association, Welsh Academy, Welsh Union of Writers, Communist Party of Great Britain, Democratic Left, and Plaid Cymru.
Thomas Walker Arnold was born on 19 April 1864 and educated at the City of London School. He entered Magdalene College, Cambridge University in 1883. From 1888 he worked as a teacher at the Mahommedan Anglo-Orient College, Aligarh. In 1898, he accepted a post as Professor of Philosophy at the Government College, Lahore and later became Dean of the Oriental Faculty at Punjab University. From 1904 to 1909 he was on the staff of the India Office as Assistant Librarian. In 1909 he was appointed Educational Adviser to Indian students in Britain. From 1917 to 1920 he acted as Adviser to the Secretary of State for India. He was Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, 1921-1930. He was made Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1912, and in 1921 was given a Knighthood by the Crown. He married Celia Mary Hickson in 1892. He died on 9 June 1930.
Donald James Mackay was born in the Hague on 22 December 1839. He was naturalised in 1877 and succeeded to the title of 11th Baron Reay in 1881. From 1884-1886 he was Rector of St. Andrew's University. From 1885-1890 he was Governor of Bombay. From 1892-1918 he was Lord-Lieutenant of Roxburghshire. He served as Under-Secretary for India from 1894-1895, and from 1897-1904 as Chairman of the London School Board. He was President of the Royal Asiatic Society and University College London, and the first President of the British Academy from 1901-1907. He died on 1 August 1921.
Wilfred Howell Whiteley was born in Liverpool, on 19 November 1924. He was educated at King Edward's High School, Birmingham, with the last two years at Lancaster Grammar School. His education was interrupted by a period of National Service, which took him to East Africa for a time. This lasted until the end of the War, when he became a student at the London School of Economics, graduating in Anthropology in 1949. He was appointed as Research Assistant at the International African Institute, but after a short time accepted the post of Government Anthropologist, Tanganyika. His duties took him mainly to the Southern province, where he became interested in the local Bantu languages. During this period, he was also in touch with the East African Institute of Social Research at Makerere, Uganda. When his contract as Government Anthropologist ended in 1952, he was appointed Research Fellow of the Institute, and continued in this post until 1958.
During his time in East Africa, Whiteley concentrated on linguistic research. After discussing his plans with Malcolm Guthrie at the School of Oriental and African Studies, he focused on the languages to the east of Lake Victoria in both Tanganyika and Kenya. He collected a great deal of material, which he used in his thesis, awarded by the University of London in 1955. He had also become competent in Swahili, and was asked to become the Secretary of the East African Swahili Committee, formed in 1930 at Kampala to co-ordinate work on Swahili throughout then British East Africa. Under his leadership, this committee played an important role in raising the status of Swahili at a time when many East African territories were gaining independence.
In 1959, the University of London established the Readership in Bantu Languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies. Whiteley was appointed as its first incumbent, focusing on teaching and research into Swahili. He also began his investigations into the Yao language, and was granted overseas research leave 1961-1962, which was spent partly in Nyasaland working on Yao, and partly in Kenya working on Kamba. From 1963 to May 1964, he was seconded to the University of Wisconsin as Visiting Professor. At this time, plans were finalised to establish a Department of African Languages and Linguistics at University College, Dar es Salaam, and Whiteley was seconded as Professor and Head of the Department, 1964-1967. He also became Director of the Institute of Swahili Research, which was established on his recommendation to take over the functions of the East Africa Swahili Committee. In 1965, the University of London conferred the title of Professor of Bantu Languages on him, and in 1967 he returned to SOAS. In 1968, he succeeded Malcolm Guthrie as Head of the Department of Africa. However, he was prevented from taking up the post until October 1969, because of his involvement in the Survey of Language Use and Language Planning in East Africa, under the auspices of the Ford Foundation. From 1968-1969, he was Director of the team dealing with the Kenya section of the survey. When Guthrie retired in 1970, Whiteley also succeeded him to the Chair of Bantu Languages.
Whiteley's main interest and field of work was socio-linguistics, but he also made significant contributions to the study of Swahili syntax. He died suddenly on 16 April 1972 at the age of 47, whilst on a lecture tour to Indiana University.
Around fifty of Whiteley's works have been published, including: Studies in Iraqw - an Introduction (Kampala, 1953); A Practical Introduction to Kamba (OUP, 1962); A Study of Yao Sentences (Clarendon Press, 1965); Some Problems of Transitivity in Swahili (SOAS, 1968). Articles include: 'Some problems in the syntax of a Bantu languages in East Africa', in Lingua, IX, 2 (1970); 'Notes on the syntax of the passive in Swahili', in African Language Studies, X (1970); 'Focus and entailment, further problems of transitivity in Swahili', in African Language Review, VIII (1969).
Archibald Norman Tucker was born in Cape Town on 10 March 1904. He was educated at South African College School. He obtained his MA from the University of Cape Town in 1926, his PhD from the University of London in 1929, and later also his DLit, in 1949.
He worked as Linguistic Expert of non-Arabic languages for the Sudan Government from 1929 to 1931. In 1932 he became Reader at the School of Oriental and African Studies. He was an active member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and a Conscientious Objector during World War II.
Much of his language work was concerned with orthographic research, which he undertook in both Uganda and Kenya (on Ganda and Kikuyu respectively). He organised and directed an orthography conference in Western Uganda in 1954, and, prior to that, in 1949-1951, he supervised a Bantu line expedition in the Belgian Congo for the International African Institute. Archibald Tucker was married. He died on 16 July 1980.
His publications include Suggestions for the Spelling of Transvaal Sesuto (1929); The Eastern Sudanic Languages, Vol. 1 (1940); Swahili Phonetics (1942); M. A. Bryan & A. N. Tucker, Distribution of the Nilotic ad Nilo-Hamitic Languages of Africa (1948); A Maasai Grammar with Vocabulary (1955); Linguistic Survey of the Northern Bantu Borderland, Vol. 4 (1957); A. N. Tucker & M. A. Bryan, Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa (1966); The Comparative Phonetics of the Suto-Chuana Group of Bantu Languages (1969); A Grammar of Kenya Luo (Dholuo) (1994); and Tribal Music and Dancing in the Southern Sudan (Africa), at Social and Ceremonial Gatherings.
Abraham Nahum Stencl (Avrom-Nokhem Shtentsl): born in Tsheladzh, in south-western Poland, 1897; arrived in Berlin, 1921; a leading Yiddish literary figure in Germany, he wrote expressionist poetry and associated with other literary figures including Else Lasker-Schüler (Schueler) and Thomas Mann; he was a pioneer of the modernist form in Yiddish poetry, but his themes and imagery drew on Jewish tradition; fled to Britain in the mid-1930s; following his arrival his best-known works were on Whitechapel, where he settled, and which he admired as the last Yiddish 'shtetl' (place); edited Loshn un Lebn (Language and Life), a Yiddish literary journal, for over 40 years; chaired the literarishe shábes-nokhmîtiks (literary Sunday afternoons) meetings; lived in Greatorex Road, off Whitechapel High Street; died, 1983. An annual lecture at the University of Oxford was founded in his name.
In 1952 the Medical School established a research sub-committee of the Academic Board, which in the following year became the Joint Hospital and School Research Committee. The Dental Committee was a sub-committee of the Finance and General Purposes Committee. In 1960 the Joint Dental Council and Dental Committee became the Joint Dental Council. The New Dental Hospital and School Joint Advisory Planning Committee became the Dental Planning Committee in 1960. The New Dental Hospital Building Sub-Committee was replaced by the New Dental Hospital and School Building Details Sub-Committee in 1962. The Joint Planning Committee was formed at the time of King's College Hospital Group Board of Governors and Medical School Council becoming King's Health District (Teaching) Management Team and Medical School Council in 1974.
In 1885 the Committee of Management of King's College Hospital formed its own training school for nurses, and registers of nurses and student nurses began to be kept. King's College Hospital constructed a new building to house the School of Nursing, 1972-1974. It was named Normanby College of Nursing Midwifery and Physiotherapy (Oswald Constantine John Phipps, 4th Marquis of Normanby (1912-1994), was chairman of the KCH Board of Governors at the time). The College building was officially opened in 1975. It provided training in nursing, midwifery, physiotherapy, and radiography. In 1989, Normanby College and the Bromley and Camberwell Health Authorities established the Bromley and Camberwell Department of Nursing Studies, supported by the Department of Nursing Studies, King's College, and University of London. Normanby College amalgamated with the Nightingale and Guy's School of Nursing in 1993, to form the Nightingale Institute.
Born, 1916; educated at the City of London School and Guy's Dental Hospital where he graduated in 1938; year in private practice and part-time teaching; joined Royal Air Force Reserve during World War Two; appointed Head of the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, King's College Hospital Dental School, 1947; Professor of Prosthetic Dentistry at the University of London, 1959; helped open new Dental School, 1966; appointed Dean of Dental Studies, 1972; Dean of the Board of the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1977; pioneer in the use of film in dental teaching and also in the development of new remote control devices used by disabled people; died 2003.
Born 1870; Educated, King's College School and King's College London; House Surgeon and Ophthalmic Assistant, King's College Hospital; Resident Medical Officer, St Peter's Hospital, London; Surgeon and Dean, Royal Eye Hospital, London; Ophthalmic Surgeon, Royal Ear Hospital, London; Senior Demonstrator of Anatomy and Tutor, Sheffield Medical School; Demonstrator of Physiology and Lecturer in Animal Biology, King's College London, 1895; Lecturer, Zoology, Animal Biology and Elementary Biology, King's College London, 1900; Lecturer, Physiology, King's College London, 1904; Assistant Ophthalmic Surgeon, King's College Hospital, 1910; Dean, King's College Hospital Medical School, 1911; Fellow, 1922, Associate and Member of the Corporation of King's College London; Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon to King's College Hospital, 1929, and Beckenham Hospital, Kent; Dean Emeritus and Emeritus Lecturer on Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital Medical School, 1929; Consulting Surgeon, Royal Eye Hospital; Honorary Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon to Royal School for Blind, and South London Institute for the Blind; died, 13 March 1956. Publications: Manual of physiology for students and practitioners (1911); King's and some King's men: being a record of the Medical Department of King's College, London, from 1830-1909 and of King's College Hospital Medical School from 1909 to 1934 (Oxford University Press, London, 1935, Addendum to 1948, 1950); Applied physiology of the eye assisted by T Keith Lyle (Baillière, Tindall & Cox, London, 1958).
Dental student at the Northwestern University Dental School, Chicago.
Born, 1849; educated Trinity College, Toronto, University of Toronto, 1868-1870, McGill University, Montreal, 1870-1872, University College London, 1872-1873; Professor of the Institutes of Medicine, McGill University, 1874-1884; Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1884-1889; Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1889-1904; Professor of Medicine, University of Oxford, 1904-1919; elected to the Royal College of Physicians, 1884, and to the Royal Society, 1898; died, 1919.
Publications: The cerebral palsies of children (London, 1889) The principles and practice of medicine (Edinburgh, 1891); On Chorea and choreiform affections (London, 1894); Lectures on Angina Pectoris and allied states (New York, 1897); Cancer of the stomach. A clinical study (London, 1900); Aequanimitas. With other addresses to medical students, nurses and practitioners of medicine (London, 1904); The student life. A farewell address to Canadian and American medical students (Oxford, 1905); Counsels and ideals from the writings of William Osler (Oxford, 1905); The growth of truth, as illustrated in the discovery of the circulation of the blood (London, 1906); Science and immortality (London, 1906); An Alabama student, and other biographical essays (Oxford, 1908); Thomas Linacre (Cambridge, 1908); The treatment of disease (London, 1909); Incunabula medica. A study of the earlier printed medical books, 1467-1480 (London, 1923); The tuberculous soldier (London, 1961).
Born, 2 June 1833; medical student, King's College London, 1851; served in the Crimean War, 1855-1856.
Publications: Memories of the Crimean War, January 1855 to June 1856 (St Catherine Press, London, 1911); Soldier-surgeon. The Crimean war letters of Dr Douglas A Reid, 1855-1856 edited by Joseph O Baylen and Alan Conway (University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, [1968]).
Born, 8 July 1903; Bacteriology Course, King's College London, 1922-1923; worked at Fulham Tuberculosis Dispensary, and at Farringdon General Dispensary and Lying in Charity, 1923-1925; qualified as a Dispensing Assistant to an Apothecary, Society of Apothecaries of London, `The Westminster Classes', Queen Anne's Chambers, London, 1925.
Born 1906 in Chita, Siberia, and originally named Alexander Lebedeff; moved to Harbin, China, 1922; awarded a Russian Diploma in Civil and Railway Engineering, Harbin Polytechnical Institute, China, 1930; worked in Shanghai, China, on the construction of skyscrapers, submitted articles to the Engineering Society of China, 1931-1935, and became interested in theosophy and naturopathy; enrolled as a student in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 1936; cadet medical officer in the Hong Kong Defence Force, 1938; lieutenant medical officer, Hong Kong, 1941; Japanese POW, 1941-1945; moved to England, enrolled as a medical student, University of London, 1946, and changed his surname to Swan; Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, University of London, 1949; worked as a Houseman and locum in General Practice, Sheffield, Yorkshire, 1950-1952; Pathology Department, King's college Hospital, 1952-1954; appointed successively Registrar, Senior Medical Officer and Consultant Pathologist in Haematology, St James Hospital, Balham, London; Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists, 1971; retired 1971; further research in leukaemia, Marsden Hospital Group Cancer Research Foundation Leukaemia Unit, 1972-1974; died 1980.
Born 1899; educated at University College, Cardiff, and King's College Hospital London from which he was awarded his MB BS in 1923; Sambrooke Surgical Registrar, 1924; Senior Surgical Tutor, 1927; Assistant Surgeon, 1928; Surgeon, 1934; Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons, 1934; Royal Army Medical Corps, 1941-1946; Dean of the King's Medical School, 1948; Emeritus Professor and Director of the Department of Surgery in the Medical School, 1956-1970; Consulting Surgeon to King Edward VII Hospital for Officers, 1956-1970; President of the British Society of Gastroenterology, 1961; died 1989. Publications: Diverticula and diverticulitis of the intestine. Their pathology, diagnosis, and treatment (Bristol, 1939); Surgical emergencies in children (1936); Recent advances in surgery (London, 1948).
John Vivian Dacie was born on 20th July 1912 in Putney, London; educated at King's College School; attended King's College London Faculty of Medical Science, King's College Hospital, and qualified in medicine in 1935; became a member of the Royal College of Physicians, 1936; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1935; Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1935 and a Reader in Haematology. After a year in the pathology department at King's College Hospital, Dacie took his first research post at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, at Hammersmith Hospital, London, to study haemolytic anaemia. He then moved to Manchester Royal Infirmary where he investigated a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, a rare chronic haemolytic anaemia; this began his interest in the illness. In 1937, he spent 6 months working with Dame Janet Vaughan at the British Postgraduate School, Hammersmith Hospital.
During World War Two, Dacie served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Royal Army Medical Corps (Emergency Medical Service), working as a pathologist, 1939-1942; Dacie found that injured troops, who had lost a lot of blood on the battleground, did better when given plasma rather than whole blood and he devised more effective blood-transfusion methods for field hospitals for the Royal Army Medical Corps, 1943-1946. After the war, he became Senior Lecturer in Haematology in the Department of Clinical Pathology at the Postgraduate Medical School (which later became the Royal Postgraduate Medical School of London), the only institution in the UK at that time devoted to clinical academic medicine.
Dacie was appointed the first Professor of Haematology in the United Kingdom, at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, 1956; pioneered the laboratory investigation of hemolytic anaemia; developed a remarkable expertise in the laboratory diagnosis of the leukaemias; wrote 180 scientific papers; founded the Leukaemia Research Fund, 1960; elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, 1967; knighted, 1976; President of the Royal College of Pathologists, 1973-1975, President of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1977; founder and editor of the British Journal of Haematology and retired in 1977. He died in 2005.
Publications: Dacie and Lewis practical haematology (Churchill Livingstone, London, 2001); The Haemolytic anaemias: congenital and acquired (J & A Churchill Ltd, London, 1954); The Haemolytic anaemias part 1: the congenital anaemias (Churchill, 1960); The haemolytic anaemias part 2 (Churchill, 1963); Haemolytic anaemias part 3 (Churchill, 1967); Haemolytic anaemias part 4 (Churchill, 1967); The hereditary haemolytic anaemias : the Davidson Lecture delivered on Friday, January 13th, 1967 at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh by J.V. Dacie (Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 1967); British Medical Bulletin v.11, no. 1, 1955 'Blood Coagulation and thrombosis Hormones in Reproduction', Scientific editor: J. V. Dacie (Medical Department, British Council, London, 1955).
In 1904 an Act of Parliament was obtained to remove King's College Hospital from Portugal Street to Denmark Hill in South London. The move was managed by a Removal Fund, and a Building Committee was elected in 1904. Special committees and sub-committees were also established to deal with the move.
In 1908 all the King's College Hospital Clubs and Societies became amalgamated, and the Clubs and Societies Union of King's College Hospital Medical School was inaugurated. The Union was managed by a Council consisting of a President, a Treasurer, and an Honorary Secretary, and representatives of the honorary staff, resident medical officers, and students. The Union embraced the Listerian Society, the Dental Society, the Common Rooms, the Musical Society, the Athletic, the Cricket, Football, Lawn Tennis, Hockey, Swimming, Boxing, Squash, Golf, and Dance Clubs, and the Christian Union.
Nineteenth-century student societies at King's College London included an Athletic Club, formed in 1884. In 1905 the College's Union Society was reformed to obtain common rooms, form a college debating society and gymnastic and other clubs, and provide entertainments. In 1908 it was reorganised, taking over the Athletic Club and all social activities of the College, and from 1919 it developed rapidly in size and organization. The modern Union represents the student body, supports sports clubs and other societies, and offers facilities including bars, entertainments, and welfare advice.
Born, 1748; attended school in Battersea and Kennington until 1760; worked as an artist for his father, Benjamin, a sculptor, until his death, [1763]; apprenticed to Joseph Dixon, surveyor, from around 1764; private work as draughtsman including for Henry Holland of Piccadilly, 1768; drawings for Builder's magazine, 1774-1786; first employed by Society of Antiquaries to draw subjects including St Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, the abbeys at Bath and St Alban's and cathedrals at Exeter, Durham and Gloucester, 1780; begins to draw for the antiquarian, Richard Gough, who incorporated illustrations by Carter in his Sepulchral monuments in Great Britain, 2 vols (London, 1786, 1796); introduced to patrons including John Soane and Horace Walpole, 1781; published Specimens of the ancient sculpture and painting now remaining in this kingdom, 2 vols (London, 1780, 1787); exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1786; begins publication of Views of ancient buildings in England, 6 vols (London, 1786-1793); Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 1795; begins publishing The ancient architecture of England, 2 vols (London, 1795, 1807); periodically composed music and operas including The white rose and The cell of St Oswald; published important series of articles warning against inappropriate restoration and the demolition of ancient monuments under the title 'Pursuits of architectural innovation', in Gentleman's magazine, 1798-1817; died, 1817. Publications: Views of ancient buildings in England, 6 vols (London, 1786-1793); Specimens of the ancient sculpture and painting now remaining in this kingdom, 2 vols (London, 1780, 1787); The ancient architecture of England, 2 vols (London, 1795, 1807). Contributions to Builder's magazine, 1774-1786, and Gentleman's magazine, 1798-1817.
Born in 1840; third son of Julius Michael Millingen (1800-1878, an associate of George Gordon Byron, 6th Lord Byron, in 1823-1824 during the War of Greek Independence); educated at Malta Protestant College, Blair Lodge Academy, Polmont, Edinburgh University and New College, Edinburgh; MA (Edinburgh); Doctor of Divinity (St Andrews and Knox College, Toronto); Honorary Student, British School at Athens; Professor of History, Robert College Constantinople; Pastor of the Free Church of Scotland Church, Genoa; Pastor of the Union Church, Pera, Constantinople; recreations: archæology and travelling; died 1915. No connection of Van Millingen with King's College is known. Publications: Byzantine Constantinople: the walls of the city and adjoining historical sites (John Murray, London, 1899); Constantinople. Painted by Warwick Goble. Described by A. Van Millingen (Adam & Charles Black, London, 1906); with Ramsay Traquair, W S George and A E Henderson, Byzantine Churches in Constantinople: their history and architecture (Macmillan & Co, London, 1912); Walter S George, The Church of Saint Eirene at Constantinople, with an historical notice by Alexander Van Millingen (Oxford University Press, London, [1913]). Also contributed to Murray's Handbook to Constantinople and to the Encyclopædia Britannica.
Frida, daughter of Adolf Meyer Loewenthal of Cologne, born c1847; married in 1866 her cousin Ludwig Mond (born in Cassel, 1839; came to England, 1862; prominent manufacturing chemist and philanthropist; Managing Director of Brunner, Mond & Co Ltd); two sons (Sir Robert Ludwig Mond, 1867-1938, chemist, industrialist, and archaeologist; Alfred Moritz Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, 1868-1930, industrialist, financier and politician); homes at the Hollies, Farnworth, near Widnes, then Winnington Hall, near Northwich, and latterly the Poplars, Avenue Road, Regent's Park London, the Palazzo Zuccari, Rome, and Combe Bank, near Sevenoaks; widowed, 1909; member of the Council of the English Goethe Society; endowed a Goethe Scholarship Fund of the Goethe Society, 1911; friend of Sir Israel Gollancz; died 1923; a benefactor of King's College London; also endowed a British Academy lectureship and prize on Anglo-Saxon and English.
Born in London, 1924; educated Purley Grammar School, Croydon, Surrey, 1935-1940, and BlackpoolGrammar School, Lancashire, 1940-1943. Awarded scholarship to Pembroke College, Cambridge but enlisted in the Royal Navy instead, 1943. Served North Atlantic Convoys and as a Sub Lt in RNVR on mine sweepers in Far East (Ceylon, Malaya and Burma), 1943-1947. Scholar of Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1947-1950. BA with First Class honours in both part of Tripos, 1950; awarded JebbStudentship, Cambridge University, 1950-1951. Appointed Lektor in English, Faculty of Philosophy, Zurich University, Switzerland, 1951-1952. Toured Italy with John Page, Aug-Sep 1952. Appointed Assistant Lecturer in English Literature, University of Malaya at Singapore, 1953-1954. Slow sea-journey home, taking in Japan, Angkor Wat, Cambodia and Egypt, 1954-1955. Lecturer in EnglishLiterature, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Groningen, Holland, 1955-1960. Took up initial appointment for two years as Lecturer in English and American Literature at King's College London, 1960-1962. Toured USA, called on Allen Ginsberg, and made many new contacts, Jul-Sep 1960. Visited New York and Philadelphia, called on William Carlos Williams, Apr-May 1962. Tenure as Lecturer at University of London confirmed, 1963. Inaugural meeting of the Institute of United States Studies at the University of London of which Mottram was co-founder and was responsible especially for the literary and cultural elements of the MA course in Area Studies (United States), 5 Jul 1965. Visiting Fellow at State University of New York at Buffalo, where he was introduced to BasilBunting, 27 Jun 1966; also lectured at Brooklyn, Bridgeport, Philadelphia and Kent State University, Oct 1965- Sep 1966. Bill Butler on trial in Brighton in August 1968 over obscene publications charges; Mottram speaks for the defence, but Magistrates convict, 1968. Visiting Professor at Kent State University Ohio, Sep-Dec 1968. Appointed Editor of The Poetry Review (the journal of The PoetrySociety, London), duties to commence with Autumn 1971 issue, Jan 1971. Visiting Professor at Kent State University, Ohio, Sep 1970-Mar 1971, tragedy of shooting of four students on campus occurred 4 May 1970. Read at Miners' Benefit Reading in Newcastle upon Tyne organised by Tom Pickard, Feb 12-13 1972. Moved in summer from 15 Vicarage Gate W8 to 40 Guernsey Grove, Herne Hill inSouth-East London, 1972. Appointed Reader in English and American Literature at King's College London, Jan 1973. Visiting Professor at Kent State University, Ohio, Jan - Apr 1974. Speaker at Melville Conference in Paris, 5-9 May 1974. Lectured in Tunis, Apr 10-17 1974. Lectured at Salzburg Seminar in American Studies, Schloss Leopoldskron, Salzburg, 25 Aug to 6 Sep 1975. Gave lecture for Austrian American Studies Association, Vienna, 3 Mar 1977. Editorship of The Poetry Review ceased after intervention from Arts Council of Great Britain in policy at The Poetry Society, 1977. Visited America, including Buffalo, New York, Kent State and San Francisco, 30 Mar-15 May 1979. Lectured at conference in Budapest, 28-31 Mar 1980. Read at Festival of British Poetry in New York, 1982. Appointed Professor of English and American Literature at King's College London, 1 Oct 1982. Teaching at Philadelphia, then tour of US covering 10 states and Canada, May-Jul 1984. Visited Hyderabad (Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages), Sep 1984. Lectured at American Studies conference at Valencia University in Spain, 28-30 May 1985. Travelled to Naropa Institute for Burroughs' Conference; then tour of Colorado, Jul 1985. Lectured at Alcala de Henares near Madrid, Apr 1988. Organised exhibition about aircraft from Sir George Cayley to the Wright Bros (1799-1909) at Polytechnic of Central London for 150th Anniversary of its founding, 1988. (In 1989 the exhibition was shown at RAF Museum Hendon). Co-edited New British Poetry Anthology for Paladin, 1988. Lectured at Sorbonne in Paris, 14 Feb 1990. During May interviewed Robert Creeley on BBC Three. Retired from King's College London with the title of Emeritus Professor of English and American Literature, Sep 1990. Read at benefit reading for Shakespeare & Co, Paris, Mar 1991. MountjoyFellow at Basil Bunting Poetry Centre, University of Durham, Jan-Mar 1992. Invitations to Coimbra University, Portugal, and University of Helsinki declined as heart surgery was required in May 1992. Visiting Professor at State University of New York at Buffalo, to help launch their Poetics program, 17 Sep-2 Dec 1992. Conference on Law & American Literature at Coimbra University, Portugal, 1993.Festschrift in Mottram's honour published A permanent etcetera: Cross-cultural perspectives on Post- War America ed. A. Robert Lee (Pluto Press, London and Boulder, Colorado, 1993), 1993. Visit to Denmark and lectured at University of Aarhus, March, and at Helsinki in Finland, early June, 1994. Two anthologies were issued in later 1994 to celebrate Mottram's 70th birthday: Motley for Mottram:tributes to Eric Mottram on his 70th birthday ed. Bill Griffiths & Bob Cobbing (Amra Imprint, Seaham, and Writers Forum, London, 1994); and Alive in parts of this century: Eric Mottram at 70 ed. Peterjon & Yasmin Skelt (North & South, Twickenham and Wakefield, 1994), 1994. Died 16 Jan 1995.Publications:Academic books: American Studies in Europe (J. B. Walters, Groningen & Djakarta, 1955) (Mottram's inaugural lecture at Groningen University, Holland) Books on America: American Literature (British Association for American Studies, UK, 1966, as 'Books on America series no. 4') (bibliography) William Burroughs: the algebra of need (Intrepid Press, Buffalo, New York, 1971, as Beau Fleuve series no. 2) and (Marion Boyars, London, 1977). Revised edition, Algebra of need: William Burroughs and the gods of death (Marion Boyars, 1992) William Faulkner (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1971) Allen Ginsberg in the Sixties (Unicorn Bookshop, Brighton & Seattle, 1972) The Rexroth Reader, selected edition by Mottram (Jonathan Cape, London, 1972) Entrances to the Americas: poetry, ecology, translation, edited by Eric Mottram (Polytechnic of Central London, 1975) Paul Bowles: staticity & terror (Aloes Books, London, 1976) Towards design in poetry (Writers Forum, London, 1977) A reading of Thomas Meyer's first ten years (Reality Studios, London, 1985, as Occasional Paper no. 2) Blood on the Nash Ambassador: investigations in American culture (Hutchinson Radius, London, 1989) (selected essays)Poetry publications: Inside the whale (Writers Forum, London, 1970, as Writers Forum Quarto no. 7) Shelter Island & The remaining world (Turret Books, London, 1971, as Tall Turret 1) The he expression (Aloes Books, London, 1973) Local movement (Writers Forum, London, 1973) Kent journal (published by Mottram, 1974) (10 copies) Two elegies (Poet & Peasant, Hayes, Middlesex, 1974; second edition, 1976) Against tyranny (Poet & Peasant, Hayes, Middlesex, 1975) '1922 earth raids', and other poems 1973-1975 (New London Pride, London, 1976) A faithful private (Genera, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1976, as issue 13) Homage to Braque (Blacksuede Boot Press, [London], 1976) Descents of love: songs of recognition (Mugshots no. 6, card in set, no publisher given, 1977) Spring Ford (Pig Press Hasty Editions, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1977) Tunis (Rivelin Press, Sheffield, 1977) Precipice of Fishes (Writers Forum, London, 1979) (a set of cards) Windsor Forest: Bill Butler in memoriam (Pig Press, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1979) From shadow borders (Twisted Wrist, Paris, 1979, as publication no. 5) 1980 Mediate (Zunne Heft, Maidstone, Kent, 1980) A book of Herne: 1975-1981 (Arrowspire Press, Colne, Lancashire, 1981) Elegies (Galloping Dog, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1981) Interrogation rooms; poems 1980-1981 (Spanner, London, 1982) Address (Shadowcat, [Gateshead] 1983) (text handwritten and illuminated by Maria Makepeace) Three Letters (Spanner, London, 1984, as Open Field no. 2) The legal poems: 29 December 1980 - 30 May 1981 (Arrowspire, Colne, Lancashire, 1986) Peace projects & brief novels, 1986-1988 (Talus Editions, London, 1989) Selected poems (North & South, Twickenham & Wakefield, 1989) Season of monsters: poems 1989-1990 (Writers Forum, London, 1991) Resistances: A homage to René Char (RWC, Sutton, 1991, as RWC 9-10) Estuaries: Poems 1989-91 (Solaris, Twickenham, Middlesex, 1992) Raise the wind for me: poems for Basil Bunting (Pig Press, Durham, 1992, as special issue of Staple Diet) Time Sight Unseen (State University of New York at Buffalo, 1993) Design origins: Masks book two, poems 1993-4 (Amra Imprint, Seaham, Co. Durham, 1994) Inheritance: Masks book one, poems 1993-1994 (Writers Forum, London, 1994) Double your stakes: Masks book three (RWC, London, 1995) Hyderabad depositions (University of Salzburg Press, 1997) Periodical contests: Masks book four (Anarcho Press, Badninish, Sutherland, with Mainstream, St Albans, Hertfordshire, 1997) Limits of self-regard (Talus Editions, King's College London, 1998)Further bibliographic details of reprints, translations, collaborations and articles may be found in Eric Mottram: A Bibliography, prepared by Bill Griffiths (King's College London, 1999). See also Eric Mottram: A checklist of his poems, compiled by Valerie Soar (King's College London, 1999).
A Department of Nutrition was established at Queen Elizabeth College in 1945, one of the first of its kind in Europe. The Department was transferred to King's in 1985 upon the merger of King's and Queen Elizabeth. It is now part of the Division of Health Sciences in the School of Life and Health Sciences. The Department and its staff have participated with government agencies such as the Department of Health and Social Security and the Medical Research Council, in a number of influential projects and studies to determine the relationship between socio-economic status, nutritional intake and the health of sections of the British population, most notably, pre, and school age, children. The Department has also undertaken independent surveys including of postmenopausal women and low income families.
Queen Elizabeth College, so called from 1953, succeeded the Home Science and Economics classes of King's College Women's Department and King's College for Women, which started in 1908; the Household and Social Science Department of King's College for Women, which opened in 1915; and King's College of Household and Social Science, which operated from 1928. The amalgamation of the College with King's College London and Chelsea College was completed in 1985.