Charles Kay Ogden was born in Fleetwood, Lancashire, and educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He subsequently became well-known as a journal editor, translator and prolific book collector; his collection is now divided between University College London and the University of California at Los Angeles. Ogden is most often remembered as the inventor of Basic English, a limited vocabulary set devised for use as an international auxiliary language.
Hilary Jenkinson was born in London in 1882. He was educated at Dulwich College and at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He began work in the Public Record Office in 1906 and, aside from war service, spent his entire career there, rising to become deputy keeper in 1947; he retired in 1954. Alongside his civil service work, Jenkinson lectured in palaeography and archives and was instrumental in the decision of University College London's school of librarianship to provide a separate diploma in archive administration. Jenkinson was also active in the British Records Association and several learned societies, and served as one of the first vice presidents of the International Council on Archives. He was knighted in 1949.
Charles Darwin was born in Shropshire and educated at the University of Edinburgh and Christ's College, Cambridge. After graduating he spent two years exploring the coasts of South America, Australasia as a naturalist on HMS Beagle; the observations that he made during the voyage later led him to formulate his influential theory of evolution by natural selection, now regarded as the foundation of modern biology and one of the most important ideas in science. After returning to Britain he continued to research and published many books, including On the Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871).
Karl-Heinz Pfeffer was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, in 1906. He studied English literature and sociology at university, becoming particularly interested in the study of Australian society. In the 1930s he took up a teaching post at the University of Leipzig and was known as a member of the 'Leipzig School' of sociologists. A committed supporter of Nazism, he spent the years of the Second World War teaching on aspects of Europe and the British Empire at Berlin University. After the war, he re-established his academic career in West Germany.
Charles Mackay was born in Perth, Perthshire, and educated in London and in Brussels. He began working as a journalist in the 1830s and wrote for several papers, including the Morning Chronicle, the Glasgow Argus (which he also edited), the Illustrated London News and The Times. Mackay also published several volume of poetry and works on Celtic philology.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Eberhard Bethge was born in Warchau, near Magdeburg, Germany, and studied theology at several German universities. During the 1930s, he joined Germany's anti-Nazi resistance and the associated Bekennende Kirche, becoming a close associate of Dietrich Bonhoeffer; he married Bonhoeffer's niece Renate in 1943. After the Second World War, Bethge worked as a Lutheran pastor in Britain and in Germany. He also gave university lectures and wrote several books, including the definitive biography of Bonhoeffer.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Francis Burdett was born Derbyshire in 1770. He was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church Oxford. He married Sophia Coutts, daughter of the banker Thomas Coutts, in 1793 and succeeded to the baronetcy in 1797. Burdett entered parliament as MP for Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, in 1796 and later served as MP for Westminster. As a serving politician he was committed to parliamentary reform and radical causes and was once briefly imprisoned for breach of parliamentary privilege.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
George Edward Bateman Saintsbury was born in Southampton and educated at King's College School, London, and Merton College, Oxford. He worked as a schoolteacher for several years before turning to journalism, becoming known as an expert reviewer and literary critic, writing many articles and several books on both French and English literature. Between 1895 and 1915, Saintsbury was Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature at the University of Edinburgh. He retired to Bath and continued to read and write extensively until his death.
Ernest Clarke worked as a Civil Servant and for the London Stock Exchange before serving as Secretary to the Royal Agricultural Society of England (1887-1905). He also lectured at Cambridge on agricultural history between 1896 and 1899. Clarke was also a fellow of the Royal Statistical Society and was active in the Folk Song Society and the Chartered Institute of Secretaries. He was knighted in 1898.
Henry Carey Baird was born in Bridesburg, Pennsylvania in 1825. He became a partner in the Philadelphia publishing house of Carey and Hart in 1845, but left in 1849 to establish his own firm, H C Baird and Co. Baird also wrote on economics. The economist and publisher Henry Charles Carey was his uncle.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
David Mather Masson was born in Aberdeen and educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and the University of Edinburgh. He worked as a journalist in Scotland and London for several years, becoming acquainted with many leading literary figures. Masson became Professor of English at University College London in 1852 and Professor of Rhetoric and Literature at the University of Edinburgh in 1865, holding the latter position until his retirement in 1895. He became well-known as an editor and biographer and was named historiographer-royal for Scotland in 1893. He was also a noted supporter of tertiary education for women.
Thomas Carlyle was born in Ecclefechan, Annandale, Scotland on 4 December 1795. Brought up as a strict Calvinist, he was educated at the village school, Annan Academy and Edinburgh University (1809-1814) where he studied science and mathematics. After graduating from university he became a teacher at Kirkcaldy. In 1818 he moved to Edinburgh where he worked on translating German authors. Whilst in Edinburgh he also wrote articles for the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia and the Edinburgh Review. After spending two years in Edinburgh he moved to an isolated hill farm, Graigenputtoch, Dumfriesshire. At Graigenputtoch he worked on the Sartor Resartus, which was published in 1836. Carlyle moved to Chelsea, London in 1834, where he continued to give lectures, write articles, essays and books on many subjects including, history, philosophy and politics. He also contributed essays to the Westminster Review. Carlyle died age 85 in London on 5 February 1881.
Henry Holland was born in Knutsford, Cheshire in 1788. He studied in Glasgow, Edinburgh and London before becoming a physician. From 1816 until his death he practised in London, where his clientele included many rich and famous people, including Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Holland enjoyed travel: he journeyed widely in Europe throughout his life and visited North America eight times. He was made a baronet in 1853.
Born Pierre-Etienne Du Ponceau in France in 1760, Peter Stephen DuPonceau emigrated to America in 1777. He joined the American Philosophical Society in 1791, eventually serving as President from 1827 until his death in 1844. He was awarded the Prix Volney in 1838 for his work on the grammar of indigenous North American languages.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
John Wood was born in Bradford in 1793. He was apprenticed to a worsted manufacturer at the age of 15. A few years later he became a master spinner in his own right; his factory came to be considered exemplary in its treatment of both adult and child workers. Wood became an exponent of (and reluctant agitator for) factory reform during the 1820s, but he broke with the reform movement in the late 1830s, feeling it was too militant. He retired from business early, and died in 1871.
William Bence Jones was born in Beccles, Suffolk in 1812. He was educated at Harrow School and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1838 he took over the management of the Lisselan estate, near Clonakilty, County Cork, Ireland. He was a successful farmer and manager, but unpopular with the local people. He also published several books on agriculture and on religion in Ireland. Jones retired and left Ireland in 1881, spending the last 18 months of his life in London.
Fetch , Joseph Deacon , fl 1870 , Poor Law Union clerk and Superindent Registrar, Cambridge District
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Thomas Telford was born in Westerkirk, Dumfriesshire in 1757. He was apprenticed to a stonemason at the age of 14. He worked for several years in Scotland and England, mangaging building projects, before becoming Surveyor of Public Works in Shropshire in 1787. Telford subsequently became the designer of or a consultant to many large and important engineering projects. His best known works include the iron bridge at Ironbridge, Shropshire, the Ellesmere Canal, and the London-to-Holyhead trunk road, including the Menai Suspension Bridge. Telford served as first president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from 1820 until his death. The new town of Telford, Shropshire, was named in his honour in 1968.
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William Eden was born in 1744. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and subsequently trained as a lawyer; he was called to the bar in 1768. He had a strong interest in the philosophy of jurisprudence and believed firmly in legal reform. In the 1770s, as an under-secretary of state and later MP for New Woodstock, he was able to effect some changes to the legal and penal system. He also published several legal and political works. In the 1880s and early 1890s Eden was a diplomat in France and Spain. He was given an Irish peerage in 1789 and a British peerage in 1793.
Count Guglielmo Bruto Icilio Timoleone Libri-Carrucci dalla Sommaia was born into an aristocratic family in Florence and educated at the University of Pisa, from which he received his doctorate in 1820. From 1823 until his death in 1869 he was officially Professor of Mathematical Physics at Pisa, although he did not teach there after 1824. Libri subsequently spent many years researching in Florence, Paris and London. He was also a prolific collector of and dealer in books and manuscripts, though his reputation was heavily tainted by accusations (proved true after his death) that he had stolen many items from libraries, mainly in France, during the 1840s. Whilst, his usually known simply as Guglielmo Libri, the French form of his name, Guillaume Libri, is sometimes used.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Stanley Arthur Morison was born in Wanstead, Essex in 1889. He was educated in London. He worked as a clerk after leaving school, but after becoming interested in letter forms he worked as an assistant and later a consultant to various publishing houses. He became a freelance authority and author on typography. One of Morison's most lasting achievements was his advocacy of using a more modern typeface for The Times newspaper; it first appeared in Times New Roman in 1932. He became a Roman Catholic in 1908.
Irene Bass was born in Lydd, Kent, and educated at nearby Ashford and at Maidstone School of Art before entering the Royal College of Art in London. She susbequently became one of the leading British calligraphers, teaching at Edinburgh College of Art and the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London, as well as making a living from freelance work and commissions. Irene was married twice, firstly to her cousin Jack Sutton (annulled in 1944) and secondly to the artist and teacher Hubert Lindsay Wellington.
Francis Wormald was born on 1 June 1904. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge. From 1927 to 1949 he served as Assistant Keeper at the Department of Manuscripts at the British Museum. During the Second World War Wormald served in the Ministry of Home Security, producing Civil Defence training films. He was Professor of Paleography at the University of London between 1950 and 1960. In 1960 he was appointed Professor of History and Director of the Institute of Historical Research (IHR). Wormald was a member of the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton University, USA, from 1955 until 1956; the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments in 1957; the Advisory Council on Public Records from 1965 to 1967 and President of the Society of Antiquaries from 1965 to 1970. In 1967 he became a Trustee of the British Museum and Governor of the London Museum in 1971. His major publications include English Kalendars before AD 1100 (1934); English Benedictine Kalendars after 1100 (2 volumes, 1939 and 1946) and English Drawings of the 10th and 11th Centuries (1952). He also contributed articles to Archaelogia, Antiquaries Journal and the Walpole Society. He was appointed Honorary Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1961 and awarded a CBE in 1969. He died on 11 January 1972.
William Wallace was born and brought up in Dysart, Fifeshire, where he learned arithmetic from his father. Living in Edinburgh as a young man, he educated himself in mathematics and science before going to work as a teacher in Perth. Having become a well-known mathematician, Wallace left Scotland in 1803 to teach at the Royal Military College at Marlow, Buckinghamshire. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1804. Marlow returned to Scotland permanently in 1819 when he became Professor of Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, a position he held until retiring in 1834.
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth was born in Ireland and read Classics and Trinity College Dublin and Balliol College, Oxford. He subsequently studied law and mathematics in London; he was called to the Bar in 1877 but never practised. He learnt economics from his friend and neighbour William Stanley Jevons and published an influential book, Mathematical Psychics, on the subject in 1881. He held chairs in economics at King's College London (1888-1891) and All Souls College, Oxford (1891-1922) and published widely in economics and statistics.
Ebenezer Elliott was born in Rotherham, Yorkshire, and initially worked at his father's foundry there. After the firm's collapse, he moved to Sheffield and started a cutlery business with money borrowed from his wife's family. He was actively opposed to the Corn Laws and founded the Sheffield Anti-Corn Law Society in 1834. Having written poetry since his youth, Elliott was actively interested in literature as well as business and politics. He published several volumes of Corn Law Rhymes in the early 1830s and consquently became known as the Corn Law Rhymer.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Adeline Virginia Stephen (always known by her middle name) was born in London in 1882, and educated at home. The deaths of her parents and two elder siblings before Virginia was 25 had a profound effect on her work. She wrote from an early age and, as young women, she and her sister Vanessa were founders of the Bloomsbury Group of young writers and artists. She married fellow writer Leonard Woolf in 1912. Woolf's novels include Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), the latter partly inspired by her relationship with the writer Vita Sackville-West; she was also a prolific essayist, diarist and correspondent. She drowned herself in 1941, fearing another collapse in her often-fragile mental health. Her writing prefigured several later developments in 20th century fiction and is still acclaimed by many critics.
George Frederick Ernest Albert was the second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). He entered the Royal Navy whilst still a boy and served as a naval officer for many years. Prince George married Princess Mary of Teck (formerly engaged to his elder brother Albert, who died in 1891) in 1893. He became Prince of Wales in 1901 on the death of his grandmother, Queen Victoria, and King George V on his father's death in 1910. The Royal Family's surname was changed from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor in 1917, to assert their Britishness during the First World War. He celebrated his Silver Jubilee in May 1935, but died less than a year later. His eldest son succeeded him as King Edward VIII.
Francis William Newman was born in London and educated at Worcester College, Oxford, graduating with a double first in 1826. As a young man he travelled in the Middle East before settling to an academic career. After holding positions in Bristol and Manchester, he became Professor of Latin at University College London in 1846, retaining the post until 1862. Newman also wrote widely on classical and religious topics and was a staunch supporter of women's rights and women's education. He returned to south-west England in 1866 and continued to write extensively while living in retirement at Weston-super-Mare. Unlike his elder brother, John Henry Newman (who converted to Roman Catholicism and became a cardinal), Francis Newman came to be sceptical of religious teaching, rejecting bibical authority and Christian dogma, but still considered himself to be a Christian.
Miss Winifred Mozley was the great-niece of Francis William Newman.
Esmond Samuel de Beer was born in Dunedin, New Zealand. He came to Britain in 1910 to attend Mill Hill School and subsequently studied at New College, Oxford, (interrupted by war service) and University College London. A private income from his family's clothing business enabled him to spend most of his life researching as a private scholar, living in London with his elder sisters Mary and Dora. De Beer was particularly interested in the late 17th century and produced editions of John Evelyn's correspondence and of John Locke's diaries. He was a member of several learned societies and became associated with the University of London's Institute of Historical Research and Warburg Institute. He was appointed CBE in 1969.
Faraday was born in London in 1791. He was apprenticed to a bookbinder. He became deeply interested in chemistry and began to work for the retired Professor Humphrey Davy and for the Royal Institution, becoming its director in 1825. From the 1820s he conducted many experiments in electromagnetism and made great advances in the understanding of electricity and magnetism; his work laid the foundations that have made practical use of electricity possible. From 1829 until 1852 he was Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, and from 1836 to 1863 he was a member of the University of London Senate. He married Sarah Bernard (1800-1879) in 1821 and they were both practising members of the Sandemanian Christian sect.
Michael Faraday was born in London in 1791. He was apprenticed to a bookbinder. He became deeply interested in chemistry and began to work for the retired Professor Humphrey Davy and for the Royal Institution, becoming its Director in 1925. From the 1820s he conducted many experiments in electromagnetism and made great advances in the understanding of electricity and magnetism; his work laid the foundations that have made practical use of electricity possible. From 1829 until 1952 he was Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, and from 1836 to 1863 he was a member of the University of London Senate. He married Sarah Bernard (1800-1879) in 1821 and they were both practising members of the Sandemanian Christian sect.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.