Formed c 1972, in abeyance 1998. No further information available at present.
John Chesterman was closely involved in the formation of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) in 1970, and the production of the Gay International News, which preceded Gay News. The GLF began life in a basement room at the London School of Economics on 13 October 1970. Though without a formal structure, the movement grew rapidly for the next few years and undertook a great number of consciousness-raising activities, such as demonstrations, debates and the establishment of a new gay press.
Friend was set up in 1971 as a Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE) taskforce intended to become CHE's counselling arm. By the end of the year Friend had been relaunched, becoming a separate national counselling and befriending organisation. As the London-based organisation (often known as London Friend) began to spread to the provinces, and local groups grew up, the whole network began to be known as National Friend. It was incorporated as a limited company in 1987, under the name of National Friend Ltd.
National Friend became a network of groups whose volunteer members provided information, support and befriending to lesbian, gay and bisexual people. Local groups were affiliated to National Friend, though they remained autonomous within agreed guidelines, which included a constitution, code of ethics, code of practice, an equal opportunities programme and a complaints procedure. In 1995 there were 31 local groups using either the name Friend or Gay Switchboard.
National Friend worked through a National Committee/Council of Management, whose aim was to support the local groups, provide guidance, advertise the work of Friend to outside agencies and hold conferences on subjects of mutual interest. In 1998, a grant from the National Lottery Charities Board enabled the development of a Birmingham office base and the employment of two members of staff to deal with administration, publicity and fundraising.
The Gay Community Organisation was formed in 1982, following the establishment of a Special Commission investigating the future of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE), which recommended a restructuring. The minority report noted a failure to meet the needs of most gay people and suggested that CHE should become two interlinked organisations devoted to campaigning and social activities. A working party suggested the establishment of local gay co-operatives working under the Industrial and Providential Societies Act. These groups would organise local activities and support, and would in turn purchase shares in the national Gay Community Organisation, which would act as a central fund holder and co-ordinator. The decision to establish the Gay Community Organisation was taken in June 1982 at Hastings National Council, and the scheme was launched at the Sheffield Gayfest the same August. GCO officially came into existence on 1 September 1982, with a National Council and a General Management Committee at the centre and 24 groups throughout the country, mostly former CHE groups. By April 1983 it was clear that there were problems with the development of the local groups and their relation to the central organisation. The central body of the GCO ceased to exist in 1984, though some local groups continued an independent existence.
Stephen Jeffrey-Poulter was educated at St Albans Grammar School for Boys and atttended Southampton University. He worked in the media and regularly lectured and wrote on the British media. In 1991, Jeffrey-Poulter undertook a national lecture tour on the subject of the history of gay law reform. In July 1995 he presented Coming Together at the National Film Theatre for the British Film Institute's Out of the Archives season - a 90 minute talk featuring clips from archive television documentaries on gay issues from 1957 to 1973. At the Museum of the Moving Image in July 1996 he interviewed television playwright Howard Schuman (Rock Follies and Nervous Energy) about his 23-year career for the fifth Out of the Archives season.
He was the producer of the television documentary 'A Bill Called William' which was broadcast on Channel 4 television in July 1997.
The Hall-Carpenter Archives were constituted as a registered charity in 1982.
Kenric was formed from the nucleus of the old Surrey and south-west London section of the Minorities Research Group, the name being an abbreviation of Kensington and Richmond. The aim of the association was to 'remedy the sense of isolation experienced by many lesbians, by arranging meetings, discussions and other activities' and 'to educate public opinion and improve knowledge on the subject of lesbianism'. It was established as a purely social group with no campaigning remit or political affiliations though charitable work for other gay organisations was to be occasionally undertaken. A management committee was formed by the first five members in November 1965 which set about drafting the application form, establishing the British Monomark address for receipt of correspondence and drawing up the Kenric constitution. By January 1966 when the first newsletter was issued and the first social event took place, membership had grown to 45. The monthly newsletter provided a calendar of social events open to members mainly consisting of debates and talks held in central London on subjects such as 'Is there any such a thing as a lesbian?' by Mary McIntosh in Kenric's first year and 'Writing 'The Microcosm'' by Maureen Duffy in 1967. A wide variety of activities were organised by Kenric included social evenings at members' homes and visits to theatres, art galleries, restaurants and the seaside, rambling, barbeques, bring-and-buy sales, camping trips and play readings. Regular Kenric socials were also held at the Gateways club in west London. A library of publications of interest to Kenric members was established. Membership in 1968 had increased to 223 and women were joining from as far afield as County Durham and Yorkshire, though the majority were from the Home Counties. Initially members had to be over 21 to join (though this was reduced to 18 in 1970 and to 16 in the 1999). In 1970, Kenric membership reached 508 after a year with no paid advertising at all and the chair reported that 'we have clearly established ourselves as the largest specifcally homosexual organisation in the United Kingdom'.
In 1984 the constitution was re-drafted as the organisation sought to change with the times, cater for the organisation's younger membership and encourage new women to join. As the organisation became truly national and with a wider age range, subgroups developed around commonalities of location, age and status (the Over 40s group, the Kenric Mothers' Group, Kent & District Subgroup) rather than shared hobbies, and the 1980s saw the demise of the literary, music and dramatic groups which had been so popular in Kenric's early days. In 1992 a charter for subgroups was drawn up and added to the Kenric constitution in order to ensure that subgroups complied with Kenric aims and objectives and to counter the risk that they might develop into separate organisations; in return for this loyalty subsidies were offered.
The late 1980s saw an increase in membership to over 1000 in 1989, over 2000 in 1993, dropping to around 1700 in 1995, a level which the committees sought to maintain for the rest of the decade. The 2000s saw membership fall to around 1300 members and as a result the decrease in revenues led the organisation to deregister for VAT in 2004. The organisation continues in its present structure with membership at around 1200.
The London Blues was a club for gay men founded in 1978. It met in several different venues in London throughout its history, including The Green Man, Heaven, the Laurel Tree and Central Station. The club was for gay men with an interest in uniforms and western/denim clothes (in practice it was mainly for those with military, naval, airforce, police and other uniform interests - whether as wearers or admirers). It had close links to the network of leather clubs in the UK and Europe (see items 22 and 23). For a history of the club and more information about its ethos and activities, see items 2 and 3. The London Blues was most active in the 1980s and early 1990s but went into decline towards the end of the 90s and was finally dissolved early in 2002.
No information available at present.
No further information available at present.
Born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1952, Peter Tatchell emigrated to Britain in 1971 to avoid being drafted to the Vietnam War, which he had actively opposed. He worked freelance in design and display whilst studying for a BSc in Sociology at the Polytechnic of North London, 1974-1977. During this period, Tatchell attended meetings of the Gay Liberation Front and soon became actively involved in gay politics. He acted as the GLF delegate to the World Youth Festival in East Berlin in 1973. Following his graduation in 1977, Tatchell became a social worker with the North Lambeth housing agency in Waterloo. In 1978 he joined the Labour Party, standing as an unsuccessful candidate for the Bermondsey by-election in 1983. In 1987 Tatchell founded the UK Aids Vigil Organisation, the first group to campaign for the civil liberties of those with AIDS. This was followed in 1989 by his creation of the London Act Up (AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power). May 1990 saw the foundation of OutRage!, a direct action group, primarily focussed on the Church of England. In the year 2000, Peter Tatchell stood unsuccessfully as an Independent candidate for the new Greater London Assembly. Publications: We don't want to march straight: masculinity, queers and the military (Cassell, London, 1995); Safer sexy: the guide to gay sex safely (Freedom Editions, London, 1994); Europe in the pink (The Gay Men's Press, London, 1991); AIDS - a guide to survival (The Gay Men's Press, London, 1986); The battle for Bermondsey (Heretic, London, 1983).
C J Hunt was successively Organising Secretary of the Economic Party (1929-1930), a member of the first Social Credit Party (dissolved in 1951) and of the Company of Free Men, a member and officer of the Social Credit Political League, and Treasurer of the Social Credit Political League. In 1965 the League formed itself into the second Social Credit Party, of which Hunt was Treasurer until its dissolution in 1978. Thereafter he was one of the trustees of the Douglas Literary Trust, the body formed to administer the residue of the Party's funds.
The Institute forContemporary British History was founded in 1986 by Professor Peter Hennessy and Dr Anthony Seldon out of a concern that the recent past was being neglected as a field of historical study in British schools and universities. The ICBH encourages research in British history, creates networks of collaboration for scholars and allows for the development of oral archives and resources, mainly through a system of organising seminars, annual conferences and witness seminars (oral history discussions which bring together key witnesses to past events). It runs the Centre for Scholarship for visiting scholars from the UK and abroad. The ICBH also publishes the Survey of current affairs, the Modern history review, and the electronic Journal of international history. The ICBH joined the Institute for Historical Research, University of London, in 1999.
The International Tin Council was established in 1956, following on from the work of the International Tin Study Group, which was established in 1947 to survey the world supply and demand of tin. The ITCs aims were to promote the achievement of a long-term balance between world production and consumption of tin, and to prevent excessive fluctuation in price. This was achieved by the creation and operation of a buffer stock system involving mandatory contributions by producer and consumer countries, the fixing of floor and ceiling prices, and the regulation of exports. The activities of the Council were governed by a series of six 5-year International Tin Agreements, commencing in 1956. The sixth agreement was extended for a further two years in 1987. The Council was dissolved in 1990.
The Inland Waterways Association was founded as a registered charity in 1946 to campaign for the restoration, retention and development of inland waterways in the British Isles and their fullest possible commercial use. Membership is by invitation only. In 1971, the IWA Council established a sub-committee entitled the Commercial Carrying Group, which later changed its name to the Inland Shipping Group (ISG). Its purpose is to advise the IWA on matters pertaining to freight carrying on inland waterways, as well as maintaining liaison with other interest groups, organising conferences and seminars, and generally publicising this mode of transport. Each of the IWA's seven regions has an Inland Shipping Committee.
Sir Joshua Jebb, 1793-1863, was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1812, serving in Canada and the USA, and by 1837, he had been promoted to 1st Captain. In 1838, he was appointed to hold enquiries on grants of charters of incorporation to Bolton and Sheffield, and he also served on the Commission on the Municipal Boundary of Birmingham. In 1839 he was seconded from the army to work as technical advisor to the Secretary of State on prison building, following the 1837 Act requiring the Secretary of State to approve all prison building. In 1842 he was made Commissioner for the Government of Pentonville prison and also a member of the Royal Commission to report on the punishment of military crime by imprisonment. He was now spending most of his time dealing with prison issues, and in 1844 was appointed Inspector General of Military Prisons and Surveyor General of Convict Prisons. In 1847 he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and in 1850 he was appointed Chairman of the Directors of Convict Prisons, overseeing the building of Portland, Portsmouth, Chatham, Buxton and Woking Prisons. In 1859, he was awarded the KCB, and in 1860, he was promoted to Major General.
The Jewish Chronicle was established in 1841, and is the world's oldest and most influential Jewish newspaper. Based in London, its news and opinion pages reflect the entire spectrum of Jewish religious, social and political thought.
Born 1903; educated at Cheltenham College, Gonville and Caius Colleges, Cambridge University, and St Bartholomew's Hospital; qualified as doctor, 1926; barrister-at-law, 1930; Medical Officer, Cambridge University East Greenland Expedition, 1926; Casualty Officer, Metropolitan Hospital, 1926; House Physician, East London Hospital for Children, Shadwell, 1927; Medical Officer, Harrington Harbour Hospital, International Grenfell Association, Labrador, 1928-1929; General Practitioner, Thornton Heath, Croydon, 1930-1937; Demonstrator of Anatomy, Oxford University, 1937-1939; served during World War Two in the Royal Army Medical Corps, 1939-1945; Member, Croydon Medical Board, Ministry of Labour and National Service, 1951-1955; Conservative MP for Carlisle, 1955-1963, and Independent Conservative MP, 1963-1964; first MP to raise parliamentary debate on the Ombudsman; Chairman and Managing Director of Johnson Publications Ltd; died 1978. Publications: A Cassandra at Westminster (Johnson, London, 1967); A doctor in Parliament (Christopher Johnson, London, 1958); A doctor regrets (Christopher Johnson, London, 1949); A doctor returns (Christopher Johnson, London, 1956); Bars and barricades (Christopher Johnson, London, 1952); Conservative government and a liberal society (Christopher Johnson, London, 1955); Indian hemp (Christopher Johnson, London, 1952); On being an Independent MP (Johnson, London, 1964); Ted Heath: a latter day Charlemagne (Johnson, London, 1971); The British National Health Service (Johnson, London, 1962); The end of socialism (Christopher Johnson, London, 1946); The hallucinogenic drugs (Christopher Johnson, London, 1953); The nutritive properties of the rye grain (Minneapolis, 1934); A guide to reference materials on Southeast Asia (Yale University press, 1970); The plea for the silent (Christopher Johnson, London, 1957).
Born 1900; educated at Goethe-Gymnasium, Frankfurt-am-Main, the University of Frankfurt, the University of Heidelberg, the University of Leipzig, and the University of London; Judge in German Courts, 1928-1933; Barrister-at-Law (Middle Temple), 1936-; Assistant Lecturer, Lecturer, and Reader in Law, London School of Economics, 1935-1961; Professor of Law, LSE, 1951-1964; Honorary Bencher, Middle Temple, 1969; Professor of Comparative Law, University of Oxford, 1964-1971; Emeritus Fellow, Brasenose College, 1971; Arthur Goodhart Professor of Legal Science, and Professorial Fellow, Cambridge University, 1975-1976; Honorary Fellow, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1977; Co-editor, Modern Law Review; Hon. President, International Society for Labour Law and Social Legislation; Member, Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers' Associations, 1965-1968; died 1979. Publications: A source-book on French law (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1973); Comparative Law as an academic subject (Clarendon Press, London, 1965); Labour and the law (Stevens, London, 1972); Labour law: old traditions and new developments (Clarke, Irwin and Co, Toronto/Vancouver, 1968); editor of Labour relations and the law (Stevens and Sons, London, 1965); Matrimonial property: where do we go from here? (University of Birmingham, 1971); The growth of internationalism in English private international law (Magnes Press, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1960); The law of carriage by inland transport (Stevens and Sons, London, 1939); editor of The institutions of private law and their social functions (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1949); Laws against strikes (Fabian Society, London, 1972); editor of Labour law and politics in the Weimar Republic (Blackwell, Oxford, 1981); Labour relations: heritage and adjustment (Oxford University Press, 1979).
No information available at present.
Chartered accountant and founder and senior partner of P. D. Leake & Co; has written and lectured extensively on accountancy subjects; was retained by the Postmaster General and gave evidence in the well-known case of The National Telephone Co. Ltd v. HM Postmaster-General; funded the PD Leake Trust which financed much of the academic research programme of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales; has visited USA and Canada and studied their methods of cost accounting; Member of the Board of Trustees, Albany, Piccadilly, W1; died 1949. Publications: Balance sheet values (Gee and Co, London, 1929); Capital: Adam Smith, Karl Marx (Gee and Co, London, 1933); Commercial goodwill (Pitman and Sons, London, 1921); Depreciation and wasting assets (Henry Good and Son, London 1912); Industrial capital (Gee and Co, London, 1933); Inflated Industrial Share Capital: a plea for the use of no par value shares (Gee & Co, London, 1936); Introductory notes on Leake's Register of Industrial Plant (Henry Good & Son, London, 1910); The Corporation Profits Tax explained and illustrated (Pitman & Sons, London, 1920); Income Tax on Capital: a plea for reform in the official method of computing taxable profits (Gee & Co, London, 1909).
Born in the Soviet Union, but moved to Latvia at the age of 14; active in Jewish and socialist circles in Latvia, Berlin and Poland; settled in London during the 1930s; Head of Jewish Agency's Research Department, 1939-1948; editor, Zionist Review, 1941-1948; instrumental in the affiliation of Poale Zion to the British Zionist Federation, 1942; following World War Two, Levenberg was a strong supporter of the creation of a Jewish state; Member, Middle East Committee of the Labour Party; Member, Socialist International; Treasurer, British Overseas Fellowship; Member, Jewish Board of Deputies, 1943-; writer on Jewish history and politics. Publications: The enigma of Soviet Jewry (Glenvil Group, Hull, 1991); The Board and Zion (Rare Times, Hull, 1985).
Member of the Sociology Department, London School of Economics.
The League of Nations Union (LNU) was formed by the merger of the League of Free Nations Association and the League of Nations Society, two groups working for the establishment of a new world order based upon the ideals of the League of Nations. It became the largest and most influential organisation in the British peace movement, played an important role in inter-war politics, and launched education programmes that had a lasting impact on British schools. The LNU's popularity dwindled during World War Two, and when the United Nations Association (UNA) was founded in 1945 to promote the work of the United Nations, the LNU arranged for the wholesale transference of its organisational structure and its membership to the UNA. However, under the provisions of its Royal Charter, the LNU was able to continue until the mid-1970s, albeit in a limited capacity, in order to handle bequests, and administer the payment of pensions to former employees. The administrative structure of the LNU consisted of a General Council, which met twice a year and held final responsibility for LNU policy under the Royal Charter of Incorporation granted in 1925; an Executive Committee, which met every two weeks and co-ordinated campaigns, analysed branch reports and resolutions, monitored the work of the numerous specialist sub-committees, supervised the staff, and generally acted as the central policy-making body of the LNU; and regional LNU branches, which had their own independent management structures.
The Central Filing Registry consists of the subjects files of the central administration of the London School of Economics, and incorporates files dating back to the foundation of the School. The Registry did not have a comprehensive classification system, with sections being set up as required with brief titles and numbers allocated in numerical order. Each file has an individual identification code in the following format: section/sub-section/sub-sub-section/sub-sub-sub-section. The number of sub-sections varies according to the importance and complication of the topic and the number of files produced. The original file codes have been preserved. The Registry was reorganised in the 1960s.
This material was gathered by the LSE History Project team in support of Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf's LSE: a history of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895-1995 (Oxford University Press, 1995).
This section was set up as a catch-all to hold small collections of papers relating to the history of the School, and were donated by former and current staff and students, as well as other connected to the LSE.
James Eugene MacColl, 1908-1971, was educated at Sedbergh School, Balliol College, Oxford, and the University of Chicago. He was librarian of the Oxford Union in 1930, Commonwealth Fund Fellow, 1930-1932, and became a barrister of the Inner Temple in 1933. MacColl's political life began when he became a co-opted a member of the London County Council Education Committee, 1936-1946, and a member of Paddington Metropolitan Borough Council, 1934. He was a research assistant at the Political and Economic Planning Trust, 1945-1950, and Mayor of Paddington, 1947-1949. He was Labour MP for the Widnes Division of Lancashire from 1950 to 1971, and was Minister of Housing and Local Government, 1964-1969. MacColl's particular areas of interest were housing, local government and juvenile courts. He served on the Chairman's Panel, London Juvenile Courts, 1946-1964, on the Hemel Hempstead New Towns Corporation, 1946-1950, and on the Domestic Coal Consumers Council, 1947-1950.
Ronald William Gordon Mackay, 1902-1960, was born in Australia and educated at Sydney Grammar School and Sydney University, where he obtained an LLB in 1926 and an MA with Hons in Education in 1927. In the late 1920's he lectured in Australia at St. Paul's College in New South Wales and at Sydney University in philosophy, history and economics. Throughout his career he lectured in many colleges and universities in the United States and Britain. From the 1930's to the 1950's he also broadcasted frequently on the National and Overseas Services of the B.B.C and in America and Britain. He was admitted as a solicitor in Sydney in 1926, and when he came to England in 1934, he was admitted as a solicitor there. He continued to practice as a corporation lawyer and legal adviser to a number of British, American and Australian companies. Indeed in 1950 he was serving as director of a public company in Britain and of several private companies. In 1935 he began his political career, standing first as a Labour candidate in Frome, Somerset. He remained a prospective candidate for that constituency until 1942 when he resigned from the Labour Party to fight a by-election in Llandaff and Barry as an Independent Socialist candidate in opposition to the peace policy of the Coalition Government. In 1943 he joined the Common Wealth Party and was Chairman of that party from 1943-1944. He rejoined the Labour Party in 1945 and was the Labour MP for Hull North-West from 1945 to 1950 and the Labour MP for the North Division of Reading from 1950 to 1951. During World War II, Mackay held appointments at the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Aircraft Production. After the war Mackay reportedly became known as an 'internationalist' who emphasised the dependence of Britain on the democracies of Europe on the one hand and the United States and the Commonwealth on the other; saw the solution of Britains post-war economic and political problems in European terms; and worked towards promoting good international relations between Britain and the world. He became involved in the European Union and British policy relating to Europe through participation in the activities of the European Parliamentary Union, European Movement, Federal Union and the Council of Europe. Mackay published a number of books including the following: Some Aspects of Primary and Secondary Education (New Century Press, 1928). Industrial Arbitration in Australia (New Century Press, 1930). Federal Europe: being the case for European federation, together with a draft constitution of a united states of Europe, with foreword by Norman Angell (1940) Peace aims and the new order : outlining the case for European federation together with a draft constitution of a united states of Europe, with foreword by Norman Angell (1941). Coupon or free?: being a study in electoral reform and representative government (1943). Britain in wonderland (1948). Western union in crisis : economic anarchy or political union : five papers supporting the proposition that the political solution provides the only key to our economic problems, etc (1949). Heads in the sand : a criticism of the official Labour Party attitude to European unity (1950). European unity : the Strasbourg plan for a European political authority with limited functions but real powers; with a foreword by Paul Henri Spaak (1951). Whither Britain? (1953). Towards a United States of Europe : an analysis of Britain's role in European union, with a preface by Paul-Henri Spaak (1961).
Born 1884; parentage on both sides Polish szlachta (landed gentry and nobility); educated at the King Jan Sobieski Public School and the Jagiellonian University Cracow, where he gained a PhD in Philosophy, Physics and Mathematics,1908; received the Barczewski stipend for training as a university teacher, and studied for four years in London, undertaking research at the British Museum and the London School of Economics; Lecturer at the LSE, 1913, where he gained a PhD in Science, 1916; part of the Robert Mond Anthropological Expedition to New Guinea and North-West Melanesia, 1914-1916 and 1917-1918, returning in 1918 to Australia, and in 1920 to Europe; Reader in Social Anthropology, University of London, 1924-1927; journeyed to the USA and Mexico by invitation of Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, visiting Universities and Pueblo Indians (1926); Professor of Anthropology, London School of Economics, 1927-1942; undertook a trip to South and East Africa, doing survey work among Bantu tribes (Swazi, Bemba, Chagga, and Bantu Kavirondo), 1934; Delegate of London University to Harvard Tercentenary; Lecturer, Oslo Instituttet for Kulturforsknung, 1936; Corresponding Member, Polish Academy of Science, 1930; Correspondent, Italian Committee for Study of Population Problems, 1932; Member, Royal Academy of Science of Netherlands, 1933; Messenger Lecturer, Cornell University, 1933; Honorary Member, Royal Society of New Zealand, 1936; Correspondent, Institute for Comparative Study of Cultures, Oslo, 1936; Visiting Professor of Anthropology, Yale University, 1939; Fieldwork in Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, 1940-1941; died 1942. Publications: The economic aspect of the Intichiuma ceremonies (Helsingfors, 1912); The family among the Australian aborigines (University of London Press, 1913); Baloma: the spirits of the dead in the Trobriand Islands (Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, London, 1916); Argonauts of the Western Pacific; native enterprise and adventure in Melanesian New Guinea (Routledge, London, 1922); 'The problem of meaning in primitive languages' in The meaning of meaning (Kegan Paul, London, 1923); Crime and custom in savage society (Kegan Paul, London, 1926); Myth in primitive psychology (Kegan Paul, London, 1926); Sex and repression in savage society (Kegan Paul, London, 1927); The father in primitive psychology (Kegan Paul, London, 1927); The sexual life of savages in North-West Melanesia (Routledge and Sons, London, 1929); Coral gardens and their magic (G Allen and Unwin, London, 1935); The foundations of faith and morals (Oxford University Press, London, 1936); A scientific theory of culture and other essays (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1944); Freedom and civilisation (Roy Publisher, New York, 1944); The dynamics of cultural change: an inquiry into race relations in Africa (Yale University Press, New Haven, 1945); Magic, science and religion and other essays (The Free Press, New York, 1948); Sex, culture and myth (Harcourt, Brace and World, New York, 1962); A Diary in the strict sense of the term (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London; printed in U.S.A., 1967).
Born 1893; educated at Rugby School, and Trinity College, Cambridge University; civilian prisoner in Germany during World War One, 1914-18; Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1919-25; Lecturer, London School of Economics, 1925; Reader in Sociology, London University, 1930; Head of German Section, Research Dept of Foreign Office; Deputy Director, Research Department of Foreign Office, 1939-44; Head of the Social Science Department, London School of Economics, 1944-50; Member, Lord Chancellor's Committee on the Practice and Procedure of Supreme Court, 1947-53; Educational Adviser in the British Zone of Germany, 1949-50; Member, UK Committee for Unesco; Member, UK Delegation to Unesco General Conference, 1952; Martin White Professor of Sociology, London School of Economics, London University, 1954-56; Director, Social Sciences Department, Unesco, 1956-60; President, International Sociological Association, 1959-62; Professor Emeritus, University of London; died 1981. Publications: Sociology at the crossroads (Longmans, Green and Co, London, 1947); Citizenship and social class (University Press, Cambridge, 1950); International comprehension in and through social science (Oxford University Press, London, 1960); Social policy (Hutchinson and Co, London, 1965); Sociology at the crossroads (Heinemann, London, 1963); The approach of the utopians; Training for social work (Oxford University Press, London, 1946); Citizenship and social class (Pluto press, London, 1992); The right to welfare and other essays (Heinemann, London, 1981).
James Edward Meade (1907-1995) was educated at Malvern College and Oriel College, Oxford, graduating in 1930. 1930. He was immediately appointed to a teaching post at Hertford College Oxford. He spent a postgraduate year at Trinity College, Cambridge (1930-1931) where he became deeply involved with the Cambridge 'circus' around John Maynard Keynes and his first work, 'An Introduction to Economic Analysis and Policy', appeared just two years after Keynes' 'General Theory'. In 1938 Meade left teaching for the League of Nations in Geneva where he edited the World Economic Survey. He returned to Britain in 1940 to serve in the Economic Section of the Cabinet Office under Lionel Robbins. In 1945, he succeeded Robbins as Director of the secretariat and during this time worked with Richard Stone on the first Keynesian-style national income accounts for Britain, later published as 'National Income and Expenditure'. In 1947, he accepted the post of Professor of Commerce at the London School of Economics and during this time expanded his lectures into his major work, 'The Theory of Economic Policy', published in two volumes-'Balance of Payments' in 1951 and 'Trade and Welfare' in 1955. Meade became Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge in 1957, a post in which he stayed for the next ten years. He found himself involved in the controversies between American and British economists, which led to his work 'A Neo-Classical Theory of Economic Growth'. Healso pursued his concerns over income distribution with his 'Efficiency, Equality and the Ownership of Property'. Meade and Bertil Ohlin were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1977 for 'pathbreaking contributions to the theory of trade and international capital movements.' #10,000 of the prize money was donated to the appeal for the Lionel Robbins Building at the London School of Economics, which was to house the British Library of Political and Economic Science. In 1978, he chaired the influential British committee of inquiry into the 'Structure and Reform of Direct Taxation' whose recommendations bore Meade's characteristic approach and continued concern over unemployment. During the 1980s, Meade continued to produce a large amount of scientific work and worked in an advisory role with the newly formed Social Democratic Party regarding their economic policy. His work during this period, revolved around two of his concerns and interests: unemployment, which he considered comparable to the 1930s, and profit-sharing schemes, producer co-operatives and labour-managed firms, exemplified in his work 'Different Forms of Share Economy'. In 1995, Meade completed his last major work, 'Agathiotopia: Full Employment Regained?', which was published shortly before his death.. Meade was also President of Section F of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1957, Honorary Member of the American Economic Association, Treasurere of the British Eugencis Society from 1963-1966 and President of the Royal Economic Society from 1964 to 1966.In 1971 he became an honorary foreign member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
FIRM (Forum for Initiatives in Reparation and Mediation) was set up in 1989, and changed its name to Mediation UK in 1991. Mediation UK is a registered charity which acts as an umbrella body for a network of projects, organisations and individuals interested in mediation and other forms of conflict resolution. It acts as an information and referral service, sponsors training events and workshops, organises an annual conference, helps groups to set up mediation services and provides standards of professional conduct for mediators. A quarterly journal, Mediation, is also produced.
Born in 1879; worked as Professor of History previous to the Russian Revolution; founded an anti-Bolshevik socialist party (Popular Socialist Party), 1919; sentenced to death, then reprieved, with the sentence commuted to imprisonment; expelled from the Soviet Union, 1920; settled in Prague, Berlin and Paris, where he continued his historical researches and published works on Russian history; became editor of several émigré journals; died 1956. Publications: The Red Terror in Russia (JM Dent and Sons, London and Toronto, 1925); numerous publications in Russian.
Merlyn Rees was born into a mining family in Cilfynydd, South Wales, on 18 December 1920. In the 1920s his family moved to London. From 1933 to 1939, he attended Harrow Weald County Grammar School and later went on to Goldsmiths College (where he was President of the Students' Union) to train as a teacher. During the Second World War he joined the RAF, with the Desert Air Force. He served in campaigns in Italy, France and Austria. By demobilisation he had risen to the rank of Squadron Leader. Following the war, Rees studied economics and history at the London School of Economics. In 1949 he became a teacher at his old school in Harrow. Also in 1949, he married Colleen Cleveley, a former pupil of Harrow Weald County Grammar School. In 1955, he was awarded an MSc (Econ.) from London University for a thesis entitled, 'The economic and social development of extra-metropolitan Middlesex in the nineteenth century'. In 1960, Rees was the organiser of the Festival of Labour (held on 15-17 June 1962). From 1962-1963, he was Lecturer in Economics at Luton College of Technology. In the 1950s, Rees had a run of unsuccessful attempts as Labour parliamentary candidate for Harrow East. However, in June 1963, he successfully fought the by-election in Leeds South which had been called following the unexpected death of Hugh Gaitskell. He served as Member of Parliament for the constituency until 1992 (the seat changed its name to Morley and Leeds South in 1983). On becoming an MP, Rees became Principal Private Secretary to James Callaghan. He was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Army, 1965-1966; for the RAF, 1966-1968; and, at the Home Office (where he was responsible for immigration and the fire service), 1968-1970. In October 1971, Rees became opposition spokesman on Northern Ireland. The role involved shadowing Willie Whitelaw when he became Secretary of State for Northern Ireland following the announcement of direct rule from Westminster in March 1972. In opposition, Rees adopted a bipartisan approach to Northern Ireland policies, especially in support of the Government's white paper, 'Northern Ireland Constitutional Proposals' (Cmnd 5259), published in March 1973. The paper proposed an elected Assembly, a power sharing executive and the establishment of 'institutional arrangements for consultations and co-operation between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland'. He also supported the Sunningdale Agreement (December 1973) which, amongst other points, agreed the formation of a Council of Ireland. When Labour regained power in March 1974, Rees became Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. Much of his time in this role was spent on security matters, at a time of intense terrorist activity in the province. His immediate political priority was to support the power sharing executive and implement the Sunningdale Agreement. However, Unionist opposition to Sunningdale was growing, as was evident by the fact that in the UK General Election of February 1974, 11 of the 12 Northern Ireland seats were won by anti-Sunningdale unionists. In May 1974, the Ulster Workers' Council organised a strike against the Sunningdale Agreement which crippled power supplies to the province. This led to the collapse of the executive and the restoration of direct rule from Westminster. In July 1974, the government published a white paper, 'The Northern Ireland Constitution' (Cmnd 5675). This proposed the establishment of an elected constitutional convention which, it was hoped, would enable Northern Ireland's political parties to create a workable constitution for the province. Elections were held on 1 May 1975, with Unionist parties opposed to power sharing in the majority. By the end of November 1975, the Convention recommended a return to majority rule - a position which was not acceptable to the Nationalists. Rees tried to break the deadlock by holding a series of talks with all the parties involved in the Convention. The talks failed and the Convention was dissolved in March 1976.
Other aspects of his time as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland include: a ceasefire by the Provisional IRA; the end of internment (December 1975); and, ending of special category status for paramilitary prisoners (March 1976). For more details about his time as Secretary of State, see Merlyn Rees' own book, Northern Ireland: a personal perspective (1985). Following Harold Wilson's resignation as Prime Minister in 1976, Rees was manager of the successful campaign for Jim Callaghan to be the next leader of the Labour Party. In September 1976, he was appointed Home Secretary. He was Shadow Home Secretary, 1979-1981 and Opposition spokesman on energy, 1981-1983. In 1982, he served on the Falkland Islands Review Committee (Franks Committee). In 1987, he joined a deputation with Cardinal Basil Hume, Lord Devlin, Lord Scarman, and Roy Jenkins to campaign for the release of the Guildford Four and Maguire Seven. In 1992, he was created a life peer as Baron Merlyn-Rees. He died in London on 5 January 2006.
No information available at present.
The National Peace Council was founded in 1908, after the 17th Universal Peace Congress in London. It brings together representatives of numerous national voluntary organisations with a common interest in peace, disarmament and international and race relations. The primary functions of the NPC are to provide opportunities for consultation and joint activities between its affiliated members, to help create an informed public opinion on the issues of the day, and to convey to the government of the day the views of the substantial section of British life represented by its affiliated membership.
The North Lambeth Divisional Labour Party was founded in 1926, when its constitution and rules were formally adopted and endorsed by the Labour Party's National Executive Committee. It consisted of members of Trade Union branches, Co-operative Societies, Socialist and other societies affiliated to the Borough Labour Party, plus any other men and women willing to subscribe to the Constitution who lived within the North Division of the Parliamentary Borough of Lambeth. Its objectives were to co-operate with the Borough Labour Party and to unite the forces of Labour within the Constituency, with a view to securing the election of Labour candidates to Parliament and local government authorities.
The Division was managed by a General Council consisting of representatives of affiliated bodies and individual members, Officers elected at the Annual Meeting of the General Council, and an Executive Committee consisting of the Officers and other members elected from the General Council. It also had Ward Associations, a Women's Section and a Young People's Section.
Raymond Colin Roberts was born in Monmouthshire in 1904. Between 1917 and 1933 he worked in various coal mining jobs, including being Miner's Organiser and Sectretary to the South Wales Miner's Federation. He was a student of Social Sciences at the Labour College in Earls Court, London, between 1923-1925, having won a scholarship from the South Wales Miners.
He was Political Agent and Secretary to the North Lambeth Labour Party from May 1933 to April 1941. An accident from his coal mining days meant he was exempt from military service during World War Two and instead was appointed as a Regional Shelter Officer. He was then trained as a Factory Personnel Manager and Welfare Supervisor under a Ministry of Labour scheme and subsequently became an inspector of factories.
The New Survey of London was begun in 1928 and concluded in 1933 as a deliberate attempt to update Charles Booth's Survey of Life and Labour in London. It was directed by Sir Hubert Llewellyn Smith who had been one of Booth's assistants. The Survey was based at the London School of Economics and was financed by the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Trust and by donations raised by Beveridge from London organisations. Llewellyn Smith published his findings in 1930-1934 as The new survey of London life and labour (London, 1930-1935).
Orme, Stanley (1923-2005) Lord Orme of Salford, was born on April 5th 1923 in Sale, Cheshire. He left school at 15 to work as an engineer at Trafford Park. Orme continued his education at the National Council of Labour Colleges and the Workers' Education Association, and became an active member of the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU). Orme joined the RAF in 1942 and served an navigator in the Pathfinder Force of Bomber Command. He was demobilized in 1947 and returned to work at Budenberg Gauge Company, Broadheath. Orme had joined the Labour Party in 1944, and on return to civilian life, became an important shop steward in the AEU. He married Irene Mary Harris in 1951. Orme served on Sale Borough Council between 1958-1965, and fought unsuccessfully the Parliamentary seat of Stockport South in 1959. He was elected to the Parliamentary seat of Salford West in 1964. Orme was an important member of the Tribune Group, and its chairman during the late 1960s. Orme was made Minister of State, Northern Ireland Office in 1974 and was involved in passing a bill against religious discrimination in the Province. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1975, and then made Minister of Social Security in the Cabinet in 1976. Following the Labour election defeat in 1979 Orme took up the post of Opposition Spokesman on Trade and Industry, before moving to shadow the Minister for Energy in 1983.
Orme was very closely involved with the miners' strike of 1984-1985, and was praised widely for his persistent efforts to encourage a negotiated settlement between the National Union of Mineworkers and the National Coal Board. Following the end of the strike, Orme campaigned against privatizations, increased nuclear power supply, and the closure of collieries. Orme increased his majority in the 1987 election, and was subsequently elected chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party. He retired as a Member of Parliament at the 1997, and was made a life peer, taking the title Lord Orme of Salford. He died on April 28th 2005.
Political and Economic Planning was founded in 1931 at the height of the Great Depression to plan for British recovery in the widest sense. During the thirties it carried out a series of investigations into the operation of the British economy, and into education and health. During and after World War Two it extended its interests into policy issues in other countries and carried out many detailed investigations of social problems. In 1978 PEP merged with the Centre for the Study of Social Policy (CSSP), and became the Policy Studies Institute (PSI). The present collection consists of the archives of the PEP/PSI together with the PEP papers of Leonard Elmhirst and Max Nicholson.
Sir Ernest Henry Phelps Brown, 1906-1994, was educated at Taunton School and Wadham College, Oxford. He was a Rockefeller Travelling Fellow in the USA, 1930-1931, a Fellow of New College Oxford, 1930-1947, Professor of Economics of Labour at the London School of Economics, 1947-1968, and a Fellow of Wadham College Oxford, 1969-1994. His main interests were economics and incomes, and he was a member of the Council on Prices, Productivity and Incomes, 1959, the National Economic Development Council, 1962, and the Royal Commission on Distribution of Income and Wealth, 1974-1978.
William Piercy, 1886-1966, left school at the age of 12 and took a job with Pharaoh Gane, timber brokers, of which he later became joint managing director. He studied at the London School of Economics, 1910-1913, and became a lecturer in history and public administration at the LSE in 1914. From 1914 to 1918, he worked as a civil servant, later becoming principal assistant secretary in the Ministry of Supply and Ministry of Aircraft Production, and personal assistant to Clement Attlee when he was the deputy prime minister. Piercy was also very involved in the world of finance and business. He played a leading role in organizing the first unit trusts, was a member of the London Stock Exchange, 1934-1942, and headed the British Petroleum Mission in Washington during World War Two. In 1945, he became the first chairman of the Industrial and Commercial Finance Corporation Ltd. He was also chairman of the Estate Duties Investment Trust, 1952-1966, and was appointed to the court of the Bank of England in 1946, 1950 and 1956. Piercy also served as a governor of the LSE and a member of the senate and court of London University, was president of the Royal Statistical Society, 1954-1955, and chairman of the Wellcome Trust, 1960-1965.
Born 1901; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford University; played rugby for Oxford University, 1921, and for England, 1922; won Middle Weight Public Schools Boxing, 1919; Bursar, Duke of York's and King's Camp, 1933-1939; Chairman, Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Ltd, 1934-1966; served World War Two as a member of the RAF 1940-1943 (Acting Squadron Leader); Director, Bank of England, 1941-1945; Director of Organisation and Methods, HM Treasury, 1943-1945; Conservative MP for Bath, 1945-1964; KBE, 1961; Chairman, Royal Society of Teachers; Chairman of Council, Initial Teaching Alphabet Foundation and National Centre for Cued Speech (for the deaf child); Life President, UK Federation of ita Schools; Member of the Committee, National Foundation for Educational Research (which conducted comparative researches into reasons for reading failure in earliest stages of learning); Member, Committee advising Public Trustee under Will of late George Bernard Shaw in carrying out his wishes for design and publication of a proposed British alphabet; Charter Pro-Chancellor, Bath University; Honorary President, Parliamentary Group for World Government; Vice-President, Institute of Administrative Management, 1965-1969; Vice-President: British and Foreign School Society; Member, British Association for Commercial and Industrial Education; Member, National Union of Teachers; died 1985.
Born 1898; educated Strand School and London School of Economics and Political Science; Gerstenberg Scholar in Economics and Political Science, 1921; previously a manager in the engineering industry; Professor of Commerce and Dean of the Faculty of Commerce, University of Cape Town, 1924-1930; Professor of Commerce, LSE, 1930-1965; Knight, 1947; Vice-President of the Council, Royal Economic Society; Member, Cinematograph Films Council, 1938-1969; Chairman, Industrial Injuries Advisory Council, 1955-1967; Chairman, Advertising Standards Authority, 1962-1965; Chairman, Colonial Social Science Research Council, 1955-1962; Member, Overseas Research Council, 1959-1964; Organiser for Ministry of Information, and first Director of Wartime Social Survey, 1940; Chairman, National Service Deferment Committee for the Cinematograph Industry, Ministry of Labour, 1942-1945; temporary civil servant, 1940-1946, as Adviser to Ministerial Chairman of Interdepartmental Materials Committee and Central Priority Committee under Production Council (1940), Production Executive (1941), Ministry of Production (1942-1945), and on special duties in Cabinet Office, 1945-1946; Member, Board of Trade Committee on a Central Institute of Management, 1945-1946; Member, Ministry of Works Committee on Distribution of Building Materials, 1946; Member, Ministry of Education Committee on Commercial Education, 1946; Member, Board of Trade Committee on Film Distribution, 1949 (Chairman); Member, Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Commission, 1953-1956; Chairman, Ministry of Agriculture Committee on Fowl Pest Policy, 1960-1962; retired 1965; died 1978.
Private Secretary to Sir F Lugard, High Commissioner of Northern Nigeria, 1900, and subsequently a Political Officer until 1906; served Sokoto Kano Campaign, 1903 (medal and clasp), and minor operations, 1903-1905; attached to Colonial Office, East African Dept, 1906-1908. Colonial Secretary and Registrar-General, Bermuda, 1908-1915; Administrator of St Vincent, 1915-1922; acted as Administrator of St Lucia, March 1917-December 1918; Col Secretary British Guiana, 1922-1925; Colonial Secretary of Cyprus, 1926-1929; represented Cyprus at 1st Colonial Office Conference, 1927; acting Governor of British Guiana and of Cyprus for over 2 years in all; retired, 1929; Secretary R. African Society and Editor of its Journal, 1932-1938; Empire Division, Ministry of Information, March-December 1940; Red Cross Foreign Relations Department, 1941-1943; has exhibited drawings at the N. English Art Club, etc, Chairman, Surrey County Committee, Citizens Advice Bureaux.
Karl Raimund Popper, 1902-1994, was born in Vienna, Austria, and gained a PhD from the University of Vienna in 1926. From 1930 to 1935, he worked as a schoolteacher in Vienna, and from 1937 to 1945, he was senior lecturer in Philosophy at Canterbury University College, University of New Zealand, Christchurch. In 1945, he became Reader in Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics, and in 1949, he became Professor of Logic and Scientific Method, a post that he held until 1969 when he became Emeritus Professor. He also held the posts of Guest Professor in the Theory of Science at the University of Vienna and Senior Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University from 1986, and was President of the Aristotelian Society, 1958-1959, and President of the British Society for the Philosophy of Science, 1959-1961. He was a prolific author and published many works on the philosophy of science, historicism and political thought.
The Population Panel was set up by the government in 1971 to investigate signs of population growth. Professor Eugene Grebenik was a member of the Panel. Its report was published in 1973.
Alan Richmond Prest, 1919-1985, was educated at Archbishop Holgate School York and Cambridge University. He worked in the Department of Applied Economics at Cambridge, 1945-1948, became a Rockefeller Fellow, USA, 1948-1949 and was a lecturer at Cambridge, 1949-1964. He was a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1950-1964, a Tutor, 1954-1955, and Bursar 1955-1964. In 1964, he moved to Manchester University where he held the post of Professor of Economics and Public Finance, 1964-1968, and Stanley Jevons Professorship of Political Economy, 1968-1970. In 1970, he moved to the London School of Economics, where he was Professor of Economics (with special reference to the Public Sector), 1970-1984. During the post war period, Prest became interested in the problems of developing countries. This led him towards the field of national income accounting, and in the early 1950s these interests came together in his work on the national income of Nigeria. He also became interested in public finance both in the UK and in developing countries. This culminated in the work for which he is best known, "Public Finance in Theory and Practice".
Denis Noel Pritt, 1887-1972, was educated at Winchester, London University, Germany, Switzerland and Spain. He obtained an LLB from London University and was called to the Bar, Middle Temple, in 1909, he retired from practice in 1960. He was a Labour MP for Hammersmith North from 1935-1950, despite being expelled from the Labour Party in 1940. He was also Professor of Law at the University of Ghana, 1965-1966, chairman of the Howard League for Penal Reform and chairman of the Bentham Committee for Poor Litigants. In addition his interest in peace led him to become president of the British Peace Committee and a member of the World Peace Council. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1954.