No information available at the time of compilation.
Gaston Maspero was born in Paris in 1846. He studied at the École Normale Supérieure. Whilst still a student he met Auguste Mariette and became interested in Egyptology. He taught the Egyptian language and archaeology at the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the Collège de France before heading an archaeological expedition to Egypt in 1880. In 1881 he succeeded Mariette as the director-general of excavations. In 1886 he resumed his professorship in Paris but returned to Egypt in 1899 where he remained director-general of antiquities until his retirement in 1914. The archaeologist Howard Carter was his protegée. Unusually for a foreigner, Maspero was awarded a British knighthood in 1909.
John Stuart Mill was born in London in 1806. He was educated at home, studying Greek intensively from early childhood. Whilst reading for the bar in the early 1820s he was converted to the utilitarian philosophy of Jeremy Bentham. In 1823 he gave up the idea of a law career and went to work for the British East India Company, where he continued to work until 1858. During 1865-1868 he was Independent MP for the City of London and Westminster. During his lifetime, Mill was known as a leading exponent of liberalism and women's rights, as well as utilitarianism, and he was also an influential economic thinker. His stance on the equality of the sexes may have been influenced by the views of his wife Harriet (1807-1858), who was a close friend for more than twenty years before they married in 1851 after her first husband's death. Mill died in Avignon in 1873. His best known works include A System of Logic (1843), Principles of Political Economy (1848), On Liberty (1859), Utilitarianism (1863) and The Subjection of Women (1869).
Horatio Nelson was born in Norfolk and educated there before going to sea in 1771, aged 12. By the age of 21 he had served on board ship in many parts of the globe and risen through the ranks to captain. He was promoted to Rear Admiral in 1797 and Vice Admiral in 1801 and commanded during many naval battles; however, his name is most associated with the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) during which he was killed. He married Frances Herbert Nisbet in 1787 but is better known for his love affair with Emma, Lady Hamilton, which lasted from 1793 until his death. Nelson was knighted in 1797, created a baron in 1798, and created a viscount in 1801. He is commemorated by Nelson's column in Trafalgar Square, London, and other monuments in the UK and elswhere.
Richard Oastler was born in Leeds in 1789. After his business as a commission agent failed in 1820, he was appointed steward to Thomas Thornhill, an absentee Yorkshire squire. An opponent of slavery in the colonies, he began to campaign vigorously for improvements to the working conditions in British factories, and had some success in influencing legislation. He fell from prominence after the rise of Chartism in the early 1840s. He died in 1861.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
William Pitt was born in Kent in 1759. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He entered Parliament as MP for Appleby-in-Westmoreland in 1781 and later served as MP for Cambridge University. He served as Prime Minister twice (1783-1801, 1804-1806); aged just 24 at the time of his first appointment. He remains the youngest person ever to become British Prime Minster. He was successful in controlling the financial affairs of government, but was unable to bring about Catholic emancipation, abolition of the slave trade or parliamentary reform. He was known as Pitt the Younger to distinguish him from his father (Pitt the Elder), William Pitt, Earl of Chatham.
The illegitimate son of the keeper of a debtors' prison, Francis Place was apprenticed aged 14 to a breeches-maker and practised the trade for many years, eventually becoming successful. From 1794 to 1797 he was a member of the radical London Corresponding Society, which had a strong influence on his political and philosophical views. In the first two decades of the 19th century he was instrumental in the successes of radical candidates for the borough of Westminster. Place wrote extensively and his papers comprise one of the largest 19th century collections in the British Library.
Sir Edwin Durning-Lawrence was born in London in February 1837, the youngest son of late William Lawrence, Alderman, and brother of politician Sir William Lawrence. He was educated at University College School, followed by University College London where he obtained a BA (1861) and LLB with honours. He married Edith Jane Durning Smith in 1874, the youngest daughter and co-heiress of politician John Benjamin Smith.
During 1867, Durning Lawrence was called to Middle Temple and also was a member of the Metropolitan Board of Works for a short time, as well as a Lieutenant for the City of London and a Justice of the Peace in Berkshire. After unsuccesfully contesting the seats of East Berkshire (1865), Haggerston (1866) and Burnley (1892), Durning-Lawrence was finally elected as Liberal Unionist member of Parliament for Truro in 1895; a position he held until 1906. However, Durning-Lawrence's main passion was the study of literature, especially the field of Bacon/ Shakespeare controversy, and he wrote the works 'Bacon is Shakespeare' (1910) and 'The Shakespeare Myth' (1912), as well as lecturing widely on the subject and dedicating time and money to creating a library to back up his Baconian theories. Sir Edwin Durning-Lawrence died in April 1914
Harry Price was born in January 1881 and educated in London and Shropshire. Between 1896 and 1898, Price founded the Carlton Dramatic Society and wrote small plays, and showed early interest in the unusual by experimenting with space-telegraphy between Telegraph Hill, Hatcham and Brockley. He also became interested in numismatics at an early age and was involved with archaeological excavations in Greenwich Park, London and Shropshire between 1902 and 1904 and in Pulborough, Sussex in 1909, culminating with his appointment as honorary curator of numismatics at Ripon Museum in 1904. He married Constance Mary Knight in August 1908.
Price's first major success in psychical research came in 1922 when he exposed the fraudulence of 'spirit' photographs taken by William Hope. During the same year, Price investigated his first séance with Willi Schneider at the home of Baron von Schrenck-Notzing in Munich and published The Revelations of a Spirit Medium. In 1923, the National Laboratory of Psychical Research was established in Bloomsbury and Price had his first sittings with mediums Stella C, Jean Guzik and Anna Pilch. Shortly after, he outlined a scheme for broadcasting experiments in telepathy for the BBC and, in 1925, was appointed foreign research officer to the American Society for Psychical Research, apposition he was to hold until 1931. In 1926, the National Laboratory of Psychical Research moved to new premises in Queensbury Place, South Kensington, and Price was to experience his first sittings with Rudi Schneider in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria, and to conduct his first experiments with Eleanore Zugun in Vienna. One year later, Price publically opened the 'box' of prophetess, Joanna Southcott at a Church Hall in Westminster.
In 1929, Rudi Schneider was brought to London for experiments into his mediumship and Price began his 10 year investigation of hauntings at Borley Rectory in Suffolk. Shortly after, the National Laboratory moved again to Roland Gardens in South Kensington. In 1932, Price, along with C.E.M.Joad, travelled to Mount Brocken in Germany to conduct a 'black magic' experiment in connection with the centenary of Goethe, involving the transformation of a goat into a young man. The following year, Price made a formal offer to the University of London to quip and endow a Department of Psychical Research, and to loan the equipment of the National Laboratory and its Library. The University of London Board of Studies in Psychology responded positively to this proposal and, in 1934, the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation was formed with Price as Honorary Secretary and Editor. Price's psychical research continued with investigations into Karachi's Indian rope trick and the fire-walking abilities of Kuda Bux in 1935. He was also involved in the formation of the National Film Library (British Film Institute) becoming its first chairman (until 1941) and was a founding member of the Shakespeare Film Society. In 1936, Price broadcast from a haunted manor house in Meopham, Kent for the BBC and published The Confessions of a Ghost-Hunter and The Haunting of Cashen's Gap. This year also saw the transfer of Price's library on permanent loan to the University of London, followed shortly by the laboratory and investigative equipment. In 1937, he conducted further televised experiments into fire-walking with Ahmed Hussain at Carshalton and Alexandra Palace, and also rented Borley Rectory for one year. The following year, Price re-established the Ghost Club, with himself as chairman, conducted experiments with Rahman Bey who was 'buried alive' in Carshalton and drafted a Bill for the regulation of psychic practitioners. In 1939, he organised a national telepathic test in the periodical John O'London's Weekly. During the 1940s, Price concentrated on writing and the works The Most Haunted House in England, Poltergeist Over England and The End of Borley Rectory were all published. He died in March 1948.
Publications: The Sceptic (psychic play), 1898; Coins of Kent and Kentish Tokens, 1902; Shropshire Tokens and Mints, 1902; Joint Editor, Revelations of a Spirit Medium, 1922; Cold Light on Spiritualistic Phenomena, 1922; Stella C.; An Account of Some Original Experiments in Psychical Research, 1925; Short-Title Catalogue of Works on Psychical Research, Spiritualism, Magic, etc. 1929; Rudi Schneider: A Scientific Examination of His Mediumship, 1930; Regurgitation and the Duncan Mediumship, 1931; An Account of Some Further Experiments with Rudi Schneider, 1933; Leaves from a Psychist's Case-book, 1933; Psychical Research (talking film), 1935; Confessions of a Ghost-Hunter, 1936; Faith and Fire-Walking, article in Encyclopædia Britannica, 1936; A Report on Two Experimental Fire-Walks, 1936; The Haunting of Cashen's Gap (with R. S. Lambert), 1936; Fifty Years of Psychical Research, 1939; The Most Haunted House in England: Ten Years' Investigation of Borley Rectory, 1940; Search for Truth: My Life for Psychical Research, 1942; Poltergeist over England, 1945; The End of Borley Rectory, 1946; film scenario of Borley hauntings (with Upton Sinclair), 1948; Works translated into eight languages; numerous pamphlets and contributions to British and foreign periodical literature.
Louis Saul Sterling was born in New York on 16 May 1879. In 1903 he left the United States for London, where he began working as a travelling representative for Gramophone and Typewriter Ltd. The following year, Sterling became manager of the British Zonophone Company, which produced playing machines and disc records. In 1905 Sterling established the Sterling Record Company, which was bought, within a few months, by the Russell Hunting Record Company. Sterling became the managing director of the firm. By 1908 Sterling had formed the Rena Manufacturing Company which produced playing machines and records. In 1909 the Columbia Phonograph Company bought Rena and Sterling was appointed Columbia's British Sales Manager. At Columbia during the First World War, 1914-1918, Sterling introduced the production of patriotic war songs and original cast recordings of songs from London shows. By the end of the war Sterling was the managing director of the Columbia Graphophone Company Ltd. When Columbia bought out its American parent company in 1927, Sterling was made chairman of its New York board. During the early 1930s Sterling became the managing director of Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd, (EMI), which had merged with Columbia. Sterling also served on the board of the merchant bank, S G Warburg. On leaving EMI he served as a director of the music publishers Chapell and Co and later became the managing director and then chairman of the electrical engineers, AC Cosser Ltd. Sterling established a number of charitable organisations including the Sterling Club in 1937 and the Sir Louis Sterling Charitable Trust in 1938. Later he became involved in Jewish charitable work and was President of the British Committee for Technical Development in Israel. Sterling's main interest outside business was collecting books. Although he started collecting books in 1917, the majority of the items in his collection were purchased in the 1920s and 1930s. By 1956 the collection had grown to over 5000 books and manuscripts. In 1945 Sterling approached the University of London about donating his collection to the library. Under the direction of John Hayward a team from the University Library catalogued the collection at the Sterling home. On 30 October 1956 the Sterling collection was in place in the University of London Library and formally opened. Sterling was knighted in 1937 and he received an honorary D. Litt from the University of London in 1947. Sterling died in London on 2 June 1958.
George Webb Medley was the author of England under Free Trade (1881) and Fair trade unmasked: or notes on the minority report of the Royal Commission on the Depression of Trade and Industry (Cassell and Co., 1887). His other works include The German Bogey: A reply to "Made in Germany", (The Cobden Club, 1896) and The Reciprocity Craze (The Cobden Club, 1881).
The poem was written by the Chandos Herald, the domestic Herald of Sir John Chandos, who was a devoted friend and follower of Edward the Black Prince. Little is known of the life of the author, except that he accompanied Sir John Chandos in some of his later military campaigns, and was therefore in the position of eyewitness to the events he describes. The poem was composed about 1385, nine years after the death of Edward.
Thomas Smith was born in 1513. He studied at Queen's College, Cambridge University, gaining an MA in 1533. He was created Regius Professor of Civil law and Vice-Chancellor at Cambridge University in 1544. Created Secretary of State in 1548, Smith was knighted the same year. He was Ambassador to France, 1562-1566, and was later readmitted to the Privy Council, 1571, and reappointed Secretary of State, 1572. Smith died in 1577. Publications: An Old Mould to cast New Lawes (1643); De Republica Anglorum (1583); De recta & emendata Linguae Graecae pronuntiatione (1568); De recta & emendata Linguae Anglicae Scriptione (1568); The Authority, form, and manner of holding Parliaments; Sir Thomas Smithes Voiage and Entertainment in Rushia (N. Butter: London, 1605).
The English Royal Mint was responsible for the making of coins according to exact compositions, weights, dimensions and tolerances, usually determined by law. Minting in England was reorganised by King Edward I to facilitate a general recoinage in 1279. This established a unified system which was run from the Royal Mint in London by the Master and Warden of the Mint. There remained smaller mints in Canterbury and elsewhere until 1553, when English minting was concentrated into a single establishment in London. For several centuries control of policy relating to the coinage rested solely with the monarch, with Parliament finally gaining control following the Revolution of 1688. The Mint itself worked as an independent body until that date, when it came under the control of the Treasury.
The London University Transport Studies Society existed from 1962 to 1999. The Society came into existence when the Transport Act of 1962 dismembered the British Transport Commission empire denationalising and deregulating large areas of transport. Founded in 1962 by students, lecturers and organisers of University College London Certificate Course in Transport Studies the Society recorded changes in transport over a 37 year period. Meetings, visits and seminars were conducted to complement and support the Certificate and Diploma in Transport Studies at the University of London. The Society sought and provided ongoing educational opportunities to those interested in transport and provided a forum for social contact. The first meeting was held on 19th September 1962 attended by committee members with annual subscriptions of 7 shillings and 6 pence agreed upon. A circular letter was forwarded to prospective members announcing the formation of the society and enlisting support. In 1964 the Society obtained recognition from and became a branch of the University of London Extension Association paying 2 shillings and 6 pence from membership fees to the Association. The end of the Certificate and Diploma Studies Courses in Transport Studies in 1997 and 1999 respectively created a decrease in membership forcing the Society's closure
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c 1906: Farmer near Colchester in Essex.
1914-1918: Inns of court O.T.C. Gazetted to 7th Suffolks and went to the Somme, France.
Late 1920s-1930s: Interest in psychical investigations.
1939: Medical clerk to the Chairman of Colchester Medical Board of the Ministry of Labour.
1941: Transferred to Ministry of Food Headquarters Office, Colwyn Bay for licensing of firms in Animal Feeding stuffs.
1942: Transferred to Chelmsford Essex Divisional Food Office as Salvage Officer for Essex and Hertfordshire areas.
1950: Transferred to Ministry of Supply and carried out testing at Springfield Uranium Factory, Lancashire.
1955-1961: Moved to Dacca, East Pakistan and worked as a General Manager of Zeenat Printing Works and public relations.
1962: Joined the Sue Ryder organisation and carried out general duties and nursing.
1960s: Verger.
Paul Tabori, author and journalist, was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1908 and was educated in Switzerland, Hungary and Germany. He graduated as a Doctor of Economic and Political Science at the University of Budapest and received his PhD at the Kaiser Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin. Between the two world Wars, he lived in seventeen countries as a foreign correspondent and screenwriter.
In 1937 he settled in London where he became assistant editor of World Review; diplomatic correspondent of Britanova; film critic of the Daily Mail; regular BBC broadcaster to occupied Europe; and chief European feature writer for Reuter's. From 1943 to 1948 he was a contracted writer to Sir Alexander Korda's London Films and between 1950 and 1951 he worked in Hollywood. Up to the 1970s, Tabori had written over thirty theatrical features and more than a hundred television films. These included the Rhinegold Christmas Show Silent Night; nine half-hour films for the Errol Flynn Theatre of which he was the story editor, and many other television serials. He also devised and was co-ordinating producer of the first international television series, 'A Day of Peace', in which eleven countries took part.
Tabori also published over forty books, and his novels and non-fiction publications were translated into over nineteen languages. He was active in the International PEN Club for twenty years, holding various offices. He also served as Executive Director of the International Writer's Guild of Great Britain between 1954 and 1966. Tabori was also a co-founder and board member of the International Writer's Fund.
Laterly, Tabori taught at Fairfield Dickinson University, at City College of New York, and was also visiting Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Illinois in Chicago. Tabori was also close friends with psychic researcher Harry Price, becoming Price's literary executor after his death in 1948, and was the author of Harry Price: The Biography of a Ghost-Hunter in 1950 and of other works concerning Price's investigations.
John Henderson Grieve was born in 1770, of Scottish origin, and came originally from Perth. He worked as a scene-painter in minor London theatres and from 1794 was also employed by Richard Brinsley Sheridan at Drury Lane. By 1817, he was working in theatres in Covent Garden where he remained apart from two spells at Drury Lane from 1835 to 1839 and in the two years before his death. Thomas Grieve, the elder son of John Henderson Grieve, was trained by his father and worked with him at Covent Garden and elsewhere from 1817. From 1846 to 1859, he worked at Drury Lane, Covent Garden and at Her Majesty's Theatre, but is perhaps most notable for his leading role he played among the team of scene-painters who supplied Charles Keen's regime at the Princess' Theatre, Oxford Street, from 1850 to 1859, particularly in the Shakespearean revivals of that period. Thomas Grieve also painted famous exhibition hall panoramas with William Telbin and others, including The Overland Mail (to India) from 1852, which is perhaps his most reknowned. He died in Lambeth in April 1882. William Grieve, the younger son of John Henderson Grieve, was born in 1800 and followed the same career course as his older brother by working with his father. However, from 1833, after a family engagement at the King's Theatre (later Her Majesty's) he stayed on as head scene painter until his early death in 1844. He was famous for his moonlight scenes and was reputedly the first scenic artist to be called before the curtain to receive the applause of the audience for his contribution to Robert le Diable at the King's Theatre in 1832. Unlike his father and brother, he also won acclaim as an easel artist, exhibiting landscapes and architectural views at the Royal Academy and elsewhere in the 1830s. He died in November 1844 in Lambeth leaving a large family. Thomas Walford Grieve, the son of Thomas Grieve and the grandson of John Henderson Grieve, was born in 1841 and trained and worked with his father from around 1862. He worked at Covent Garden with him and also at the Lyceum. He never achieved the acclaim received by his father or his older contemporary William Roxby Beverley, and died (apparently of cancer) after a long illness which for some years previously had forced him to give up work.
Cecil Frederick Crofton (whose real name was Frederick Martin) was a versatile actor who appeared in a large variety of parts in the chief London theatres and the provinces, along with parts in pantomimes during the 1880s and 1890s. After considerable experience on the amateur stage, he made his first professional apearance in 1882 in Wilson Barrett's Lights o'London company at the Old Princess' Theatre. After further performances at the Royalty and the Avenue (now the Playhouse) he went on to tour the country as Charles II in Nell Gwynne, shortly after followed by appearances in The Countess and the Dancer and Camille at the Olympic in 1886. In 1889, he took the part of George Ralston in Jim the Penman at the Shaftesbury Theatre, which was also to go on tour in 1893. He took the part of Spooner in the revival of Formosa in 1891, and followed with parts in The Prince and the Pauper at the Vaudeville and Brighton at the Criterion. He played Montague Helston in Watching and Waiting, which he produced at the Vaudeville, and he was also Antony Crabb in The Custom House at the same theatre. In 1894, he went on tour in The Late Lamented, and, after appearances in The Middlemen as Epiphany Danks and in The Professor's Love Story as Dr Yellowlees, it could be said that his career effectively came to a close. Crofton died in November 1935.
Information not available at present.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No further information available.
The English Royal Mint was responsible for the making of coins according to exact compositions, weights, dimensions and tolerances, usually determined by law. Minting in England was reorganised by King Edward I to facilitate a general recoinage in 1279. This established a unified system which was run from the Royal Mint in London by the Master and Warden of the Mint. There remained smaller mints in Canterbury and elsewhere until 1553, when English minting was concentrated into a single establishment in London. For several centuries control of policy relating to the coinage rested soley with the monarch, with Parliament finally gaining control following the Revolution of 1688. The Mint itself worked as an independent body until that date, when it came under the control of the Treasury.
The Republic of Venice was created around 1140. It was headed by the Doge, and led by the Great Council, who controlled all political and administrative business. Ludovico Manin, the last doge, was deposed by Napoléon Bonaparte on May 12, 1797.
Samuel Pegge was born 5 November at Chesterfield, Derbyshire. He was educated at Chesterfield and St. John's College, Cambridge from where he graduated BA in 1725 and MA 1729. Pegge was ordained in 1729, became curate at Sundridge, Kent in 1730 and the vicar of Godmersham, Kent in 1731. From 1749 to 1751 he lived in Surrenden, Kent as tutor to the son of Sir Edward Dering. In 1751 he was elected fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and in the same year he was inducted into the rectory at Brinhill, Lancashire. He remained at Brinhill until 1758, when he exchanged Brinhill for the vicarage of Heath near Whittington, which he held until his death on 14 February 1796. Pegge was also the prebendary of Lichfield from 1757 to 1796. Pegge was interested in collecting English coins and medals. He contributed articles to journals and the encyclopaedias, Archaelogia and Bibliotheca Topographca Britannica. He also published on coinage, the Anglo Saxons, and the life of Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln.
Henry Vane was born about 1705. He was Member of Parliament for Launceston 1726-1727, St. Mawes 1727-1741, Ripon 1741-1747 and for County Durham 1747-1753. Vane was Vice Treasurer and Paymaster General from 1742-1744, a Lord of the Treasury 1749-1755 and Lord Lieutenant of County Durham 1753-1758. He succeeded his father in the Peerage as 3rd Baron Barnard on 27 April 1753. He was created Viscount Barnard of Barnards Castle and Earl of Darlington 3 April 1754. Vane died on 6 March 1758.
There was a movement in the early 18th century on the part of British merchants to get a free importation of iron, though plantation iron was most spoken of. The home manufacturers and proprietors of iron works objected.
The House of Commons is the effective legislative authority in Great Britain. It alone has the right to impose taxes and to vote money to, or withhold it from the monarch, public departments and services. The passage of legislation is the House of Commons' primary function.
Vincenzo Bellini, Italian opera composer, was born in Catania, Sicily, Italy in 1801. Having grown up in a musical household, it is alleged that he was a child prodigy, playing piano well by the age of five, and composing at six. Bellini is best known for his opera 'Norma' (1831) the title role of which is considered the most difficult role in the soprano repertoire. He composed Bel Canto operas, including 'Adelson e Salvini' (1825), 'Bianca e Gernando' (1826), 'Il pirata (1827), 'Bianca e Fernando (1828), 'La straniera' (1829), 'Zaira' (1829), 'I Capuleti e i Montecchi' (1830), 'La sonnambula' (1831), 'Beatrice di Tenda' (1833) and 'I puritani di Scozia' (1835). Bellini died in Puteaux, near Paris in 1835, and was buried next to Chopin in Pere Lachaise.
Elizabeth von Janstein, author, poet and journalist, born in the Austrian town of Iglau in 1893; worked as a receptionist in Vienna, where, after 1918, she became involved with the reform groupings around Eugenie Schwarzwald. Within this grouping she first began to write, supported by such names as Emil Lucka, Felix Braun and Emil Alphons Rheinhardt. Between 1918 and 1921, she published poetry in expressionist journals Die Aktion and Der Friede. In the 1920s, Janstein worked as a court reporter for the Abend and shortly afterwards became correspondent for the Neue Freie Press in Paris and Brussels from where she contributed articles on politics, culture and society until 1939. She was also Vice-President of the Federation Internationale des Journalistes between 1935 and 1936. At the outbreak of World War II, Janstein fled to England and was interned by the British government, falling ill shortly after her release and dying in Winchcombe, Gloucestershire in December 1944.
Winifred M.T.Nowottny, nee Dobbs, was educated at the University of London and later taught English Literature at University College London. She published the books, Language Poets Use in 1962 and Hopkins' Language of Prayer of Praise in 1972.
Born, 1857, daughter of John Foley of Wadham College and sometime Vicar of Wadhurst, Sussex, and Caroline E.Windham, of Felbrigg Hall, Cromer; educated at home and at University College London, where she became the John Stuart Mill and Joseph Hume scholar; married Thomas William Rhys-Davids (died 1922).
Rhys-Davids was on the board of the Economic Journal from its inception until 1895, although her academic teaching areas remained largely Indian philosophy and Buddhism; Lecturer in Indian philosophy at Victoria University, Manchester, 1910-1913, and lectured on the history of Buddhism at the School of Oriental Studies, 1918-1933; involved in various societies for children's and working women's welfare, 1890-1894 and later became involved in the women's suffrage movement; Honorary Secretary of the Pali Text Society, founded by her husband in 1881, from 1907 and became President after his death; after the death of her only son, Arthur, during the First World War, Rhys-Davids also became increasingly involved with thoughts of the afterlife, spirit communications and telepathy, and published on the subject; died on 26 June 1942.
Publications: Buddhist Psychol: Ethics, 1900, 1923; various first editions of Buddhist canonical and other works; Buddhist Psychology, 1914, 1924; Buddhism (Home Univ.) 1912, 1934; Buddh. translations, 1910-1931; Old Creeds and New Needs, 1923; The Will to Peace, 1923; Will and Willer, 1925; Gotama the Man, 1928; The Milinda Questions, 1930; Sakya, 1931, etc.; A Manual of Buddhism, 1932; Indian Religion and Survival, 1934; Outlines of Buddhism, 1934; Birth of Indian Psychology, 1935; What is your Will?, 1937; To Become or not to Become?, 1937; What was the Original Gospel in Buddhism?, 1938; More about the Hereafter, 1940; Poems of Cloister and Jungle, 1941; Wayfarer's Words I-III, 1940-1942; (Editor) Lectures on Psychology and Philosophy (Univ-Extn Series) by G. Croom Robertson, 1896.
Ida Holden retired from her job at Mirror Group Newspapers in 1959 and from then onwards began to experience thought transference that she believed were from Cecil King and Lord Northcliffe.
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No information was available at the time of compilation.
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The Royal African Company was founded in 1672 and held the English monopoly in slave trading until 1698, when all Englishmen received the right to trade in slaves. The Royal African Company continued slaving until 1731, when it abandoned slaving in favour of traffic in ivory and gold dust.
Born London, April 1897; educated at St George's College, London (1913-1915), King's College London (1919-1921) and the London School of Economics (1921-1922). Craig also served in the First World War between 1915 and 1919 as a Lieutenant. His early career was spent as a clerk at the Public Record Office in London, 1912-1919. In 1919, Craig moved to the Exchequer and Audit Department as an auditor and rose through the ranks, finally becoming deputy director of audit in 1947. Throughout his life, Craig also published widely on sex education and the censorship of literature on the grounds of obscenity, along with taking an active part in left-wing and socialist propaganda for sex reform in the 1930s. Publications: Sex and Revolution (1934), The Banned Books of England (1937) and Above All Liberties (1942). He also contributed to a number of books and journals including Experiments in Sex Education (1935), Sex, Society and the Individual (1953) and The Encyclopaedia of Sexual Behaviour (1961). In later life, Craig also published his verse and works include The Voice of Merlin (1946) and The Prometheans (1955).
Born, Rickmansworth, 1900, and educated at Oxford University, where he received a third class in Lit Hum. Worked with Basil Blackwell and Bernard Newdigate at the Shakespeare Head Press before setting up his own press, the Alcuin, in a barn in Chipping Campden. In 1936, Finberg's company moved to Welwyn but foundered in the slump. He then became the director of the Broadwater Press and, in 1944, the editorial director of Burnes, Oates and Washbourne. He also served in an advisory capacity to Her Majesty's Printers and the Ministry of Works; genealogical research on the Duke of Bedford's estates resulting in the publication of his Tavistock Abbey in 1949. After attending meetings of the Devon Association, Finberg struck up a friendship with W.G.Hoskins, lecturer in economic history at Leicester University and co-authored a collection of essays Devonshire Studies. Reader and Head of the Department of English Local History, Leicester University until his retirement in 1965, editing a series of Occasional Papers in Local History and using his earlier publishing experience to launch and edit the Agricultural History Review, which he edited for 11 years; also general editor of the Agrarian History of England project and President of the British Agricultural History Society between 1966 and 1968. He was appointed Professor in 1964. In retirement, Finberg was also active, becoming part-time research assistant at Leeds, working with Maurice Beresford on a handlist of medieval boroughs, and between 1968 and 1969 was a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. He was a member of a committee of specialist advisors to the Vatican Council on vernacular liturgies. His Manual of Catholic Prayer (1962) was also awarded the Belgian Prix Graphica in 1965. Finberg died in November 1974.
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Though no details regarding the creator of this collection, information regarding William Ewart Berry exists.
William Ewart Berry was born on 23 June 1879 at Gwaelod-y-garth, Merthyr Tudful; leaving school at fourteen, Berry joined the Merthyr Times, moving on to neighbouring newspapers in order to widen his experience; he was appointed a City reporter on the Investors' Guardian,1898. Berry launched his first commercial venture, 1901; after four years William Berry decided to sell Advertising World, he saw a substantial return upon his initial investment and; successfully launched Boxing, 1909.
Due to demand for news from the western front after the outbreak of the First World War, Berry and his brother that the moment was right to acquire the Sunday Times. Berry purchased the St Clement's Press, and its City flagship the Financial Times, 1919 and became a baronet, 1921. In 1927 Berry and his brother acquired a major London based daily newspaper, the Daily Telegraph, which was in need of modernization. In October 1937 Berry took over the Morning Post, the Telegraph's rival. In 1929, on the recommendation of Stanley Baldwin, Berry was elevated to the peerage, as Baron Camrose of Long Cross. Viscount Camrose died in the Royal South Hampshire Hospital, Southampton, on 15 June 1954.
Thomas West was born around 1472. He was a soldier and courtier during the reigns of King Henry VII and King Henry VIII. West was High Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex from 1524, and succeeded to his father's baronetcies in 1526. During the power struggle in 1549 to control the minority government of King Edward VI, West supported John Dudley, Earl of Warwick against Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector. He was rewarded with a knighthood in 1549. He acted as joint Lord-Lieutenant of Sussex from 1551, and declared for Queen Mary I following the death of Edward VI in 1553. He died at Offington, Sussex, in 1554 and was buried at Broadwater.
The translator states that the translation was made and corrected from the English editions in London.
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Born 1876, Ethel Mary Hogg; book collector specialising in bibles; died 1970.
Andrew Bell, born St. Andrews, Scotland, 27th March 1753; entered St. Andrews University aged sixteen to study mathematics and natural philosophy; moved to America and became a tutor to a family that owned a tobacco planation in Virginia. Bell returned to St. Andrews in 1781 where he took orders in the Church of England. After a period at the Episcopal Chapel in Leith he became an army chaplain in India. Eight years later he was appointed superintendent of the Madras Male Orphan Asylum, an institution founded by the East India Company for the sons of its soldiers. The teachers at the Madras Male Orphan Asylum were badly paid and of poor quality. Bell had the idea that some of the teaching could be done by the pupils themselves. He selected a clever eight year old boy who he taught to teach the alphabet by writing on sand. This approach was successful and so he taught other boys how to teach other subjects. Bell called his new system of education, mutual instruction. Bell returned to England in 1796 and the following year published An Experiment in Education, an account of the teaching methods he had developed in Madras. In 1798 St. Botolph's School in Aldgate became the first institution in England to use Bell's system. Other teachers also adopted mutual instruction, including Joseph Lancaster, a young teacher at the Borough School in London. Lancaster amended Bell's methods and gave it the name, the monitorial system. Lancaster was a Quaker and his approach was adopted by other Nonconformist schoolteachers. Some of Bell's supporters in the Church of England became concerned about this development. Sarah Trimmer, who used Bell's methods to teach her twelve children, warned in an article published in the Edinburgh Review that Lancaster's example might increase the growth of nonconformity in England. Bell responded to the fears expressed by Trimmer by publishing Sketch of a National Institution (1808). In this pamphlet Bell urged the Church of England to use his methods throughout the country. Progress was slow and so in 1811 Bell formed the National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church. Bell became superintendent of the society and with the help of people such as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey, the movement grew rapidly. By the time Andrew Bell died on 27th January 1832, the Society for the Promoting the Education of the Poor had established 12,000 schools in Britain.