John Urpeth Rastrick was born at Morpeth in Northumberland on 26 January 1780, the son of John Rastrick, an engineer to whom he became articled in 1795. In about 1801, he was working at the Ketley Iron Works in Shropshire and, in or after 1805, he joined in partnership with John Hazledine (soon succeeded by Robert Hazledine) of Bridgenorth, Shropshire. During this time, Rastrick assisted in the construction of the locomotive 'Catch me who Can' for Richard Trevithick in 1808, and in 1814, he took out a patent for a steam engine and soon started experimenting with steam traction on railways. His first major work was the cast iron road bridge over the Wye at Chepstow (1815-1816). In 1817 Rastrick left that partnership, to join with James Foster, in about 1819, at the iron works which then became known as Foster, Rastrick and Co., at Stourbridge, Worcestershire. His association with railway engineering began in 1822 when he became an engineer for the Stratford and Moreton Railway. Rastrick became an active supporter of railway proposals put before Parliament, an adviser to railway companies, and a designer and builder of locomotives - the 'Agenoria' and 'Stourbridge Lion' for example. He acted as surveyor or engineer to parts of a large number of lines, among them the Liverpool and Manchester (1829 onwards), the Manchester and Cheshire Junction (1835 onwards), and the series of lines later known as the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (1836 onwards). About 1847, he retired from engineering work, although he continued to occupy himself with railway business, and was active in a number of arbitrations concerning railway disputes. He retired to Sayes Court, Chertsey, Surrey and died on 1 November 1856.
Henry was the son of John Urpeth Rastrick, civil engineer; no further information was available at the time of compilation.
Dr Hugo Rast was a Swiss national who was physician to the German Hospital, London. Born, 1891; Studied medicine in Berne, Lausanne, Paris and London; qualified MD, Berne, 1916; took up post at German Hospital London, 1919; FRCS, LRCS, 1822; Honorary Surgeon to the German Hospital, 1925; Senior Surgeon, German Hospital, 1938; Medical Superintendent, German Hospital, 1939-1945; Chairman of the Mixed Medical Commission for Prisoners of War (under the War Office) and for Civilian Internees (under the Home Office), 1941-1945; Chairman for Mixed Medical Commission for the European Theatre of War, USA War Department, 1944; Medical Adviser to various Embassies and Legations in London; Honorary Consultant to the North East Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board; died, 1982.
Walter Raschkow, was a German Jewish architect. His wife Emma was non-Jewish. Their daughter, Ingeborg-Maria Raschkow (later Mayer) went to England throughout World War Two whilst her parents remained in Stuttgart.
The Raphael Samuel History Centre is a research and educational centre devoted to encouraging the widest possible participation in historical research and debate. The RSHC has a large programme of research, teaching, and public events. The Raphael Samuel History Centre is a four-way partnership between the University of East London (UEL), Birkbeck, University of London, Queen Mary, University of London and the Bishopsgate Institute.
Arthur Cowper Raynard was born in Kent in 1845; studied at University College London, co-founding a mathematical society with George De Morgan (son of Augustus De Morgan), before entering Pembroke College, Cambridge, from which he graduated MA in 1868. Ranyard was called the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1871 and thereafter practised law, but his income was sufficient to allow him to spend much of his time studying astronomy. He became a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1863 and spent many years serving on its council. Ranyard died in 1894.
In Highgate the education of the poor was served by Sir Roger Cholmley's free school, founded in 1565, which catered for 40 local boys. From 1829 Cholmley's school was allowed to charge for extra subjects, so Saint Michael's National school was built near by in compensation, and it soon absorbed the girls' charity school. In 1835 the new school took 98 pupils.
From: 'Hornsey, including Highgate: Education', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6: Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey with Highgate (1980), pp. 189-199.
Born in Lancashire, 23 March 1905; educated at grammar school in Ashton-in-Makerfield and at the University of Manchester; First class honours degree in physics, 1925; MSc, 1926; employed on research by the General Electric Company, 1926-1937; awarded Royal Society fellowship to study electron processes in luminescent solids in the Physics Department at Birmingham University, 1937-1943; associated with Dr Henry Albert Howard Boot and Professor James Sayers at Birmingham University in the invention of the cavity magnetron, an essential element of radar; DSc, 1938; temporary lecturer, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, 1943-1944; appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of St Andrews, 1944; Wheatstone Chair of Physics at King's College London, 1946; set up a group to study the structure and growth of the connective tissue protein collagen, 1951; Edinburgh University, 1970; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1946; knighted in 1962; Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1972; died 16 June 1984 at Edinburgh.
Publications: The Diffraction of X-Rays and Electrons by Amorphous Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Chapman & Hall, London, 1934); editor of Progress in biophysics and biophysical chemistry (molecular biology) with J A V Butler, (Butterworth-Springer, London, 1950); editor of Nature and Structure of Collagen. Papers presented for a discussion convened by the Colloid and Biophysics Committee of the Faraday Society at King's College, London, on 26 and 27 March, 1953 (Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1953).
John Randall entered Guy's Hospital as a student, Oct 1776.
A marriage settlement was a legal agreement drawn up before a marriage by the two parties, setting out terms with respect to rights of property and succession.
A bond was a deed, by which person A binds himself, his heirs, executors, or assigns to pay a certain sum of money to person B, or his heirs.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Robert William Ramsey, FSA, was the author of Studies in Cromwell's Family Circle, 1930; Henry Cromwell, 1933 and Richard Cromwell: Protector of England, 1935. He was a member of the Royal Society of Literature and the Friends of the National Libraries. He died in 1951, aged 89.
Born, 1934; educated, Haileybury College; Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (BA 1957, MA, 1973); National Service, 1952-1954; Rifle Bde, UK and British Army on the Rhine (BAOR), 1958-1962; seconded to King's African Rifles, 1962-1963; Staff College, 1964; Rifle Bde, Far East, 1965; Staff, 7 Armoured Bde, 1966-1968; 3 and 2 Green Jackets, BAOR, 1968-1971; Military Assistant to Chief of General Staff, 1971-1973; commanding officer, 2 Royal Green Jackets, 1974-1976; Staff, 4 Armoured Division, BAOR, 1976-1978; Commander, 39 Infantry Bde, 1978-1980; Royal College of Defence Studies, 1981; Director of Public Relations, British Army, 1982-1984; Commander, 3 Armoured Div, 1984-1987; Commander, UK Field Army and Inspector General, Territorial Army, 1987-1990; Adjutant General, 1990-1993; Aide-de-camp General to the Queen, 1990-1993; HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales, 1995-2001.
John Ramsbotham received the diploma of Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1790. He practised in Wakefield, where he kept notes of this clinical practice. He moved to London in 1806, and became a popular lecturer of midwifery. He published a book titled Practical Observations in Midwifery in 1821. A further edition in two volumes was published in 1832, and a second revised edition in 1842. He was last entered as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in the Membership Lists in 1844.
Born 1887; educated at Uppingham School and University College Oxford; called to the Bar in 1911; served in the World War One where he was awarded the Military Cross, 1914-1918; Conservative MP for Lancaster Division, 1929-1941; Parliamentary Secretary, Board of Education, 1931-1935; Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1935-1936; Minister of Pensions, 1936-1939; First Commissioner of Works, 1939-1940; President of the Board of Education, 1940-1941; Chairman of the Assistance Board, 1941-1948; Chairman of the Burnham Committees, 1942-1949; Governor General of Ceylon, 1949-1954; created Viscount Soulbury, 1954; died, 1971.
William Ramsay studied at Glasgow University from 1866 to 1869. In 1870 he went to Heidelberg intending to study under R W von Bunsen, but early in 1871 moved to Rudolf Fittig's laboratory in Tübingen, where he was awarded a PhD for research on Toluic and nitro-toluic acids. In 1872 Ramsay returned to Glasgow as an Assistant in Young's laboratory of technical chemistry. In 1880 he became Professor of Chemistry at University College Bristol and in the following year he was made Principal of the Unversity. He married Margaret Buchanan in 1881. In 1887 Ramsay succeeded Alexander William Williamson in the Chair of General Chemistry, University College London, which he held until his retirement in 1912. Ramsay discovered argon in 1894, helium in 1895 and krypton, neon and xenon (with Morris W Travers) in 1898. In 1900 he visited India to report on the proposed Indian University of Research. He worked with Dr Frederick Soddy on radium in 1903 and with Robert Whytlaw-Gray on radon in 1909-1912.
Morris W Travers was a demonstrator at University College London from 1894 (Assistant Professor from 1898). He assisted Ramsay in experiments on argon, and collaborated with him in work on krypton, neon and xenon. In 1904 Travers was appointed Professor of Chemistry at University College Bristol. From 1907 to 1914 he was Director of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. In 1927 he became Honorary Professor, Fellow and Nash lecturer in chemistry at Bristol. He became President of the Faraday Society in 1936, and in 1937 he retired from Bristol University. Morris W Travers was Ramsay's biographer, whose Life of Sir William Ramsay was published in London in 1956.
William Ramsay studied at Glasgow University from 1866 to 1869. In 1870 he went to Heidelberg intending to study under R W von Bunsen, but early in 1871 moved to Rudolf Fittig's laboratory in Tübingen, where he was awarded a PhD for research on Toluic and nitro-toluic acids. In 1872 Ramsay returned to Glasgow as an Assistant in Young's laboratory of technical chemistry. In 1880 he became Professor of Chemistry at University College Bristol and in the following year he was made Principal of the Unversity. He married Margaret Buchanan in 1881. In 1887 Ramsay succeeded Alexander William Williamson in the Chair of General Chemistry, University College London, which he held until his retirement in 1912. Ramsay discovered argon in 1894, helium in 1895 and krypton, neon and xenon (with Morris W Travers) in 1898. In 1900 he visited India to report on the proposed Indian University of Research. He worked with Dr Frederick Soddy on radium in 1903 and with Robert Whytlaw-Gray on radon in 1909-1912.
Born Glasgow, 1814, son of William Ramsay, a manufacturing chemist; clerk in a cotton-grower's office, 1827; published book on the Isle of Arran, 1841; appointed Assistant Geologist on the Geological Survey, 1841; appointed Local Director, 1845; Professor of Geology, University College London, 1848-1851; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1849; Professor of Geology, Royal School of Mines, 1851-1876; President of the Geological Society, 1867-1864; Director for England and Wales, Geological Survey; Wollaston medal of the Geological Survey, 1871; Royal medal of the Royal Society, 1871; knighted, 1881; died, 1891.
Publications: include: The Geology of the Island of Arran, from original survey. Illustrated by engravings (Glasgow, 1841); Passages in the history of Geology: an inaugural lecture at University College, London (London, 1848); A descriptive catalogue of the Rock Specimens in the Museum of Practical Geology with Henry W Bristow, Archibald Geikie and Hilary Bauerman (London, 1858); The geological structure of Merionethshire and Caernarvonshire reprinted, with additions, from "The Geologist" (London, 1858); The Geology of North Wales ... With map and sections (1866).
R A Ramsay was a general surgeon who held posts to the Metropolitan Hospital and the Belgrave Hospital for Children, both in London. He pioneered the adoption in Britain of Ramstedt's operation for pyloric stenosis in infants. For further biographical details see The Lancet, 1975, ii, 936, British Medical Journal, 1975, ii 413.
Mabel Lieda Ramsay was born in the late 1880s, the second child of a Naval officer. She spent her childhood in Britain and the Caribbean, eventually settling in Plymouth, Devon. The majority of her medical education took place in Scotland. She qualified MD Ed 1912; MBChB 1906; FRCS Ed 1921; MRCOG 1929. Her speciality was obstetrics and gynaecology. She died in 1954.
Archibald Ramsay, son of Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Ramsay, born in Scotland on 4th May, 1894. Educated at Eton and Sandhurst Military College, he joined the Coldstream Guards in 1913. During the First World War he served in France (1914-1916) and at the War Office (1917-1918).
Ramsay married the eldest daughter of 14th Viscount Gormanstan, and the widow of Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart, the son of the 3rd Marquess of Bute. After their marriage the couple lived in Kellie Castle near Arbroath.
A member of the Conservative Party, Ramsay was elected to the House of Commons in 1931. Over the next few years he developed extreme right-wing political views. A strongly religious man, he became convinced that the Russian Revolution was the start of an international Communist plot to take over the world.
In 1935 two secret agents from Nazi Germany established the anti-Semetic Nordic League. The organization was initially known as the White Knights of Britain or the Hooded Men. Ramsay soon emerged as the leader of this organization. The Nordic League was primarily an upper-middle-class association as opposed to the British Union of Fascists that mainly attracted people from the working class.
The Nordic League described itself as an association of race conscious Britons and being at the service of those patriotic bodies known to be engaged in exposing and frustrating the Jewish stranglehold on our Nordic realm. In Nazi Germany the Nordic League was seen as the British branch of international Nazism.
During the Spanish Civil War he was a leading supporter of General Francisco Franco and his Nationalist Army. In 1937 he formed the United Christian Front, an organization that intended to confront the widespread attack upon the Christian verities which emantes from Moscow, and which is revealing itself in a literary and educational campaign of great intensity.
Ramsay became the unofficial leader of the extreme right in Britain. His close associates Admiral Barry Domville, Nesta Webster, Mary Allen, Oswald Mosley, John Becket, William Joyce, A K Chesterton, Arthur Bryant, Major-General John Fuller, Thomas Moore, John Moore-Brabazon, and Henry Drummond Wolff.
In the House of Commons Ramsay was the main critic of having Jews in the government. In 1938 he began a campaign to have Leslie Hore-Belisha sacked as Secretary of War. In one speech on 27th April he warned that Hore-Belisha will lead us to war with our blood-brothers of the Nordic race in order to make way for a Bolshevised Europe.
In May 1939 Ramsay founded a secret society called the Right Club. This was an attempt to unify all the different right-wing groups in Britain. Or in the leader's words of co-ordinating the work of all the patriotic societies. In his autobiography, The Nameless War, Ramsay argued: The main object of the Right Club was to oppose and expose the activities of Organized Jewry, in the light of the evidence which came into my possession in 1938. Our first objective was to clear the Conservative Party of Jewish influence, and the character of our membership and meetings were strictly in keeping with this objective.
Members of the Right Club included William Joyce, Anna Wolkoff, Joan Miller, A. K. Chesterton, Francis Yeats-Brown, E. H. Cole, Lord Redesdale, Duke of Wellington, Aubrey Lees, John Stourton, Thomas Hunter, Samuel Chapman, Ernest Bennett, Charles Kerr, John MacKie, James Edmondson, Mavis Tate, Marquess of Graham, Margaret Bothamley, Earl of Galloway, H. T. Mills, Richard Findlay and Serrocold Skeels.
He was interned under Defence Regulation 18B and joined other right-wing extremists such as Oswald Mosley and Admiral Nikolai Wolkoff in Brixton Prison. Released after the war, Archibald Ramsay died on 11th March, 1955.
Annie Ramsay (fl 1913) was one of those who took part in the Women's Pilgrimage organised by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. This took place in 1913 with members of the Local branches of the Union crossing the country between Jun-Jul 1913 and converging on London at a large rally in Hyde Park. Their aim during the spiritually themed march was to raise awareness of their aims and create propaganda which counteracted perceived hostile public opinion that, they believed, had been generated by the violent militant actions of the Women's Social and Political Union.
Alexander Ramsay was born in 1754. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University, and obtained his medical degree from St Andrews. He was an anatomist, who founded a school of anatomy at Fryeburg, Maine, and gave lectures in America and England to support the school. He studied rattlesnake venom, and a snake bite could have been the cause of his death in 1824.
Rampton entered King's College Hospital. London, for nurse training, Aug 1939, having some previous experience as a probationer nurse at Paddington Green Convalescent Home.
Sir Shridrath Ramphal, born 1928; Career: Crown Counsel, British Guiana 1953-54; Asst to Attorney-Gen. 1954-56; Legal Draftsman 1956-58; Solicitor-Gen. 1959-61; Legal Draftsman, West Indies 1958-59; Asst Attorney-Gen., West Indies 1961-62; Attorney- Gen., Guyana 1965-73; member Nat. Assembly 1965-75; Minister of State for External Affairs 1967-72, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1972-75, of Justice 1973-75; Commonwealth Sec.-Gen. 1975-90; Chancellor Univ. of Guyana 1988-92, Univ. of Warwick 1989-2001, Univ. of West Indies 1989-; Queen's Counsel 1965 and Sr Counsel, Guyana 1966; member Int. Commission of Jurists, Ind. Commission on Int. Devt Issues, Ind. Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues, Ind. Commission on Int. Humanitarian Issues, World Commission on Environment and Devt, South Commission, Carnegie Commission on Deadly Conflict, Bd of Governor Int. Devt Research Center, Canada, Exec. Cttee of Int. Inst. for Environment and Devt, Council of Int. Negotiation Network Carter Center, Georgia, USA 1991-97; Patron One World Broadcasting Trust; Chair. UN Cttee for Devt Planning 1984-87, West Indian Commission 1990-92, Bd Int. Inst. for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) 1995-2001, Advisory Cttee Future Generations Alliance Foundation 1995-97; Pres. World Conservation Union-IUCN 1990-93; Int. Steering Cttee Leadership for Environment and Devt Program Rockefeller Foundation 1991-98; Co-Chair. Commission on Global Governance 1992-2000; Adviser to Sec. -Gen. of United Nations Council for Education and Development 1992; Chief Negotiator on Int. Econ. Issues for the Caribbean Region 1997-2001; Facilitator Belize-Guatemala Dispute 2000-02; John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship 1962; Hon. Bencher of Gray's Inn 1981; Fellow, King's Coll., London 1975, LSE 1979, RSA 1981, Magdalen Coll., Oxford 1982.
Honours and awards: Order of the Republic (Egypt) 1973; Grand Cross, Order of the Sun (Peru) 1974; Grand Cross, Order of Merit (Ecuador) 1974, Order of Nishaan Izzuddeen (Maldives) 1989, Grand Commdr, Order of Niger 1990, Grand Commdr, Order of the Companion of Freedom (Zambia) 1990, Nishan-e-Quaid-i-Azam (Pakistan) 1990, Order of the Caribbean Community 1991, Commdr Order of the Golden Ark 1994; Hon. LLD (Panjab Univ.) 1975, (Southampton) 1976, (Univ. of The West Indies) 1978, (St Francis Xavier Univ., Halifax, Canada) 1978, (Aberdeen) 1979, (Cape Coast, Ghana) 1980, (London) 1981, (Benin, Nigeria) 1982, (Hull) 1983, (Yale) 1985, (Cambridge) 1985, (Warwick) 1988, (York Univ. , Ont., Canada) 1988, (Malta) 1989, (Otago, New Zealand) 1990; Hon. DHL (Simmons Coll., Boston) 1982; Hon. DCL (Oxon.) 1982, (East Anglia) 1983, (Durham) 1985; Dr hc (Surrey) 1979, (Essex) 1980; Hon. DHumLitt (Duke Univ., USA) 1985; Hon. DLitt (Bradford) 1985, (Indira Gandhi Nat. Open Univ.) 1989; Hon. DSc (Cranfield Inst. of Tech.) 1987; Arden and Atkin Prize, Gray's Inn 1952, Int. Educ. Award (Richmond Coll., London) 1988, RSA Albert Medal 1988, Medal of Friendship, Cuba 2001, Pravasi Bharata Samman Award 2003.
Publications: One World to Share: Selected Speeches of the Commonwealth Secretary-General 1975-79, Nkrumah and the Eighties (1980 Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Lectures), Sovereignty and Solidarity (1981 Callander Memorial Lectures), Some in Light and Some in Darkness: The Long Shadow of Slavery (Wilberforce Lecture) 1983, The Message not the Messenger (STC Communication Lecture) 1985, The Trampling of the Grass (Econ. Commission for Africa Silver Jubilee Lecture) 1985, For the South, a Time to Think 1986, Making Human Society a Civilized State (Corbishley Memorial Lecture) 1987, Inseparable Humanity: An Anthology of Reflections of Shridath Ramphal 1988, An End to Otherness (six speeches) 1990, Our Country, The Planet 1992, No Island is an Island and contributions to journals of legal, political and int. affairs, including International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Caribbean Quarterly, Public Law, Guyana Journal, The Round Table, Royal Society of Arts Journal, Foreign Policy, Third World Quarterly, International Affairs.
The Ramblers Association was formed in 1935. It grew out of the National Council of Rambling Federations which in turn was formed in 1930 as an amalgam of the local Federations of Rambling clubs which had been increasing in number since 1905. The association consists of a National Council, responsible for general policy, and an Executive Committee which controls the work of the association. It is organised locally into Areas, which are responsible for all local activities and for recruitment of members.
The association's main aims are to protect public paths and rights of way, including provision of signposts and other waymarkers; to increase access for walkers by establishing statutory rights of access; to safeguard the countryside from overdevelopment and pollution by organising national and local campaigns; to educate the public about their rights and responsibilities in respect of the countryside.
Past presidents of the association have included Tom Stephenson, an eminent walker and journalist who steered the association through its early years, Janet Street-Porter, journalist and television personality and Fay Godwin, photographer and countryside campaigner.
The Ralli family, originally from the Greek island of Chios, were involved from the 18th century in the mercantile trade between the Levant and Europe with bases in several European and Mediterranean ports. In the early nineteenth century, two brothers, John Stephen Ralli and Eustratio Stephen Ralli, established an arm of the merchant business in London. "Eustratio Ralli and Company, merchants" appears in London directories at various addresses, chiefly 4 Billiter Square, 1819-27, together with "Ralli and Petrocochino, Turkey merchants, 5 Union Court, Broad Street", 1820-1; "PG Ralli and Company, merchants", also at 5 Union Court, 1821-3; and "Ralli Brothers, merchants", again at 5 Union Court, 1823-6, but from 1826 chiefly at 25 Finsbury Circus, where the firm then remained for nearly 150 years, to 1961.
Three further brothers were based abroad, Augustus in Marseilles, Thomas in Constantinople and also Pandira Stephen, who in 1826 came to work in London, shortly before John Stephen left London to take up business in Odessa in 1827. The five brothers worked in partnership, trading with Europe and particularly in the Mediterranean. The records refer to various countries, including Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Persia, Russia and Turkey, and also to the Baltic, and to a wide variety of commodities, including grain, silk and wool.
The company also traded in cotton piece goods, and a Manchester branch was opened in 1827, a Calcutta branch in 1851, and a Bombay branch ten years later. The firm remained a family partnership until 1931, when it became a private limited company, Ralli Brothers Limited. In the meantime, it had expanded its operations into a number of other countries, but little of this is reflected in the surviving archives, which date mostly from before 1860. Ralli Brothers Limited became a public company in 1941, and in 1959 was taken over by General Guarantee Corporation Limited. It subsequently became part of the Bowater Group.
Alfred Theodore Rake entered Guy's Hospital as a student, Oct 1866.
Raising Standards in Pensions Administration (RSPA) was established in 2002 after concerns were raised about the quality of the administrative services which were available to small pension schemes.
The issue of poor administration was first raised by Brian Fyfe of the small Engineers' and Managers Association pension scheme at the 2000 National Association of Pension Funds conference. This was further explored by Dunnett Shaw and Partners Limited, pension scheme administration advisors, who hosted workshops and held discussions with senior figures in the pensions industry to investigate the administration of pension schemes in 2001. This led to the production of a discussion paper on raising the standard of pension scheme administrative (see LMA/4587/B/01/001). This discussion paper formed part of a wider effort within the pension industry to improve pensions administration which ultimately led to the establishment of the RSPA: an open meeting on this subject hosted by the Occupational Pensions Defence Union in September 2001 led to the establishment of a steering committee led by Jocelyn Blackwell, Managing Director of Dunnett Shaw, in January 2002.
The RSPA's initial aim was to produce guidance notes to improve administrative standards, with the guidance notes being written by volunteers organised into working groups working on different sections of the proposed guidance: 'Starting a Pension Scheme', 'On-going Administration', 'Changing Administrators' and 'Winding up a Pension Scheme'. This was published in 2003.
In 2003 RSPA was incorporated as a company limited by guarantee, and in December 2004 it was registered as a charity. After the publication of the guidance notes, RSPA worked on a pilot survey of members to assess the quality of delivery of administrative services, and working groups looked at preparing additional guidance, revising existing guidance and developing a website.
The RSPA is run by a board of trustees, with chairman, secretary and treasurer. A compliance committee monitors compliance issues particularly relating to fundraising. In April 2011 RSPA was rebranded as the Pensions Administration Standards Association, and continues to focus on setting standards of pension administration for the range of providers and has an additional goal of becoming an independent accreditation body.
Sources of information: http://www.raisingadminstandards.com/PASA_Prospectus.pdf, and http://www.opdu.com/report13_article5.htm [accessed 26 Jun 2011].
Jim Raisin was appointed Labour Party Agent for Hackney South in 1930 and became the agent for Lewisham East in 1933. From 1946 he was London District Organiser and from November 1958 he was Regional Organiser for the Northern home counties region (covering Hertfordshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire) until he retired in 1969. He died in March 1974, aged 70.
Peter Rainier entered the Navy in 1756 and served until 1764. He was then probably with the East India Company for two years. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1768 but did not return to sea until 1774. In 1777 he was appointed to command the OSTRICH, in the West Indies, and was promoted to captain in 1778. In 1779 he was appointed to the BURFORD, in the East Indies, where he was actively engaged during the remainder of the war. During the peace he was on half-pay but in 1793 was appointed to the SUFFOLK and from 1794 to 1804 he was Commander-in-Chief in the East Indies, being promoted to rear-admiral in 1795 and to vice-admiral in 1799. He returned home in 1805 and was promoted to admiral in the Trafalgar promotions. In 1807 he was elected Member of Parliament for Sandwich.
Peter Rainier, son of Admiral Peter Rainier, entered the Navy in 1798. He served under his father in the East Indies and in 1803 to 1804 was a lieutenant in his father's ship, the TRIDENT. He was promoted to captain in 1806 and commanded the CAROLINE in the East Indies, capturing the SAN RAPHAEL in 1807. Between 1813 and 1815 he was in command of the NIGER, engaged on convoy duties in the Atlantic. From 1831 to 1835 he was Flag-Captain to Sir Pulteney Malcolm in the BRITANNIA, off the Dutch coast and in the Mediterranean.
J S Rainier served under his uncle, Admiral Peter Rainier, in the East Indies, became a lieutenant in 1794 and a captain in 1796. He commanded the SWIFT, 1795 to 1797, and the CENTURION, 1797 to 1805, in the East Indies. In 1799 he was in the Red Sea, following the French invasion of Egypt. After a gap in his service between 1805 and 1808, he commanded the NORGE in the Mediterranean from 1808 to 1812 and then in the North Sea until 1814. He was a Member of Parliament for Sandwich, 1808 to 1812. In 1819 he was promoted to rear-admiral.
J.H. Rainier was a great-nephew of Captain Peter Rainier (q.v.). He joined the Navy in 1862 and served on the Pacific Station from 1862 to 1866 in the TRIBUNE, TOPAZE, SUTLEJ, LEANDER and ALERT. As a sub-lieutenant and from 1869 as a lieutenant, he served in the VESTAL, RATTLESNAKE and PLOVER on the West African Station, 1867 to 1870, and from 1870 to 1871 was in the PLOVER in the West Indies. From 1872 to 1874 he served in the NORTHUMBERLAND, Channel Squadron. He was promoted to commander in 1880 and served in the KINGFISHER on the East Indies Station from 1884 to 1887. The ship was engaged in anti-slavery patrols off East Africa. He was promoted to captain in 1887 and commanded the TOURMALINE on the North America and West Indies Station from 1889 to 1891. He was in the IRIS, home waters, in 1893. Rainier commanded the RODNEY in the Mediterranean, 1894 to 1897, and was involved in the disturbances in Crete, helping to relieve the town of Kandanos in 1897. He was made a rear-admiral in 1901, a vice-admiral in 1905 and an admiral in 1908.
A charity school was founded in Wapping-Stepney in 1716 which was reorganised in 1719 as schools for 50 boys and 50 girls from the neighbourhood. The schools were run by a Master and a Mistress and were housed in Charles Street, Old Gravel Lane.
In 1736 Raine's Asylum, or Hospital, was established nearby as a boarding school for 40 girls, trained by a Matron for four years in order to take up domestic service on leaving. Girls were selected after two years elementary education at the charity, or lower, school founded in 1719.
The main benefactor of the schools and founder of the Asylum was Henry Raine (1679-1738) whose name was later attached to both establishments. A wealthy brewer and pious churchman who lived in Wapping-Stepney, he allocated wealth to the schools in 1719 which were also funded by donations and charity sermons. Raine's Asylum was endowed with freehold lands in Blackfriars and Castle Street, Stepney and stock from the South Sea Company; this was to provide for the board and clothing of the girls together with £210 annually for two marriage portions and two wedding festivals.
The marriage portion was available to past pupils of Raine's Asylum, aged 22 and above, who could produce certificates of good character from former masters and mistresses, and whose husbands were suitable members of the Church of England from the parishes of St. George in the East, St. Paul, Shadwell, and St. John at Wapping. On 1 May and 26 December of each year up to six candidates drew lots from a casket (in the custody of Raine's School) for marriage portions of £100, hence the nickname the 'Hundred pound School'. The last Wedding Festival was held in 1892.
The Trustees were incorporated by an Act of 1780. By this date, the area was changing rapidly and becoming increasingly populous; the construction of London Dock in 1802 forced the Asylum to sell large amounts of freehold property. At the same time many of the school's patrons were moving away from Stepney.
A new building was erected at the rear of the Asylum in 1820 at the same time as St. George's National School was founded within the site of Raine's schools; from 1780, there had been St. George's Scholars within the boys school and close links were maintained with the parish branch of the National Society, in association with the Middlesex Schools Society. This school amalgamated with the boys school in 1877.
Under the Education Act, 1870 the state took up the running of elementary education; the Trustees, therefore, under obligation from the deed of trust to provide free education unavailable elsewhere decided to raise and extend the education given by the foundation. Schemes approved by the Charity Commissioners led to the removal of the boys school to Cannon Street Road (1875), the removal of the girls school to the former National School buildings (1880-1885), the dissolution of the Corporation of Governors and Trustees of Raine's Charities and the constitution of a new governing body, served by a Clerk, to administer the Foundation (1880), and the closure of the Asylum (1883). This process of raising the standard of education continued when the schools became secondary schools (boys in 1897; girls in 1904) and known as a dual secondary school, 1904-1913. Endowments were re-directed to maintain 100 free scholarships with special encouragement given to technical training and close links with the College of City and Guilds of London Technical Institute. Provision was made for a Prepatory School from 1877 to 1904.
The school buildings soon proved inadequate and were condemned by the London County Council Education Officer's Department; the School, faced with an ultimatum of moving or losing its official aid, opted to remove to Arbour Square, Stepney (1911-1913) to a new building designed by H.O. Ellis. Here, the schools functioned as separate entities. Wartime evacuation took the boys school to Varndean School, Brighton in 1939 but moved the Junior School to Egham, Surrey and the Senior School to Camberley in 1940. The girls school removed to Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. In 1944 the schools became known as voluntary aided grammar schools and in 1964 the schools became co-educational as Raine's Foundation School. In 1976 the Upper School was merged with St. Jude's Church of England Secondary School and moved to Approach Road, Bethnal Green, London E2 9PY (buildings of the former Parmiter's School). The Lower School is now at Old Bethnal Green Road, London E2 6PR.
Bernarr Rainbow (1914-1998) trained at Trinity College of Music and was appointed Organist and Choirmaster of High Wycombe Parish Church and Senior Music Master at the Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe in 1944. In 1952 he became Director of Music at the teacher training College of S. Mark and S. John in Chelsea, transferring to Gypsy Hill College of Education in 1972 and then becoming Head of Music at Kingston Polytechnic. He retired in 1978. Rainbow researched, wrote and published extensively on music education and historical musicology, becoming a distinguished scholar of the history of music education and gaining three postgraduate degrees from the University of Leicester. He wrote a biography of John Curwen (1816-1880), the inventor of the tonic sol-fa method of singing, and founded the Curwen Institute to promote his work. He was President of the Campaign for the Defence of the Traditional Cathedral Choir which resisted the introduction of women and in 1996 he established the Bernarr Rainbow Award for School Music Teachers.
The Railway Tavern, located in Liverpool Street, near the train station, was owned originally by the Metropolitan Railway Company and was leased by the Company in 1907 to Thomas Read Hull for the term of 99 years.
The company of Hull and Venner Limited was formed in 1919 as a joint venture between James Henry Hull and the Forest Hill Brewery Company and the former agreed to leased the the Railway Tavern to Hull and Venner Limited for a period of 21 years. However, by 1922 it had been agreed that Hull and Venner Limited would take over the lease, compensating J.H. Hull accordingly, and in 1922 a special resolution was passed to increase the capital of the company to £25,000 which was divided into ordinary shares of £1 each. These were divided amongst the interested parties. The directors of the new company were Edwin John Venner and with James Henry Hull.
Whitbread gained an interest of 5,000 shares in The Railway Tavern through its takeover of the Forest Hill Brewery Company which became Whitbread Properties Limited. Whitbread bought out the rest of the Company in 1936 and then sold half of the shares to Bass Ratcliff & Gretton Limited in December of the same year.
In April 1937, it was agreed to change the name of the Company from Hull and Venner Limited to The Railway Tavern Company which was then brought under the auspices of Whitbread's Improved Public House Company Limited. John Edmund Martineau, John Stewart Eagles and Charles James Theobalds replaced James Hull and Edwin Venner as directors of the company although Martineau relinquished his post during the War and was replaced by Gilbert Keith Dunning.
The Railway Tavern was refitted in 2005.
The company was established in 1849, in offices at 3 Old Broad Street, for the insurance of railway passengers. It expanded this business after 1856 to include general accident insurance in the United Kingdom and South Africa. In 1910, at which date its address was 64 Cornhill, it became a subsidiary of the North British and Mercantile Insurance Company which in turn became a subsidiary of Commercial Union Assurance in 1959.
No historical information could be found for this company.
Thomas Raikes was a merchant in London and Governor of the Bank of England during the crisis of 1797. He was a personal friend of William Wilberforce and William Pitt the Younger. Raikes married Charlotte, daughter of Henry Finch, Earl of Winchelsea in December 1774. Their son, also named Thomas, became a well-known diarist.
"Ragged Schools" were charity schools for the children of the poor. In 1844 the Ragged Schools Union was established to combine resources and ensure the better effectiveness of the Ragged Schools. Under the Poor Law Act of 1834 Boards of Guardians were empowered to assist paupers to emigrate to one of the colonies of the British Empire, such as Australia or Canada, which were considered underpopulated.
Born, 1813; studied medicine at Edinburgh, 1829; licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1833; surgeon of the Hudson's Bay Company's ship Prince of Wales, Jun 1833; surgeon at Moose Factory, the company post on James Bay, 1834-1844; lead an expedition to complete the survey of the northern coastline of North America, 1844-1847; chief trader, 1847; joined Sir John Richardson to search for Sir John Franklin, 1848-1849; chief factor, 1850; resumed the search for Franklin at the Admiralty's request, 1851; founder's gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 1852; Fellow of the RGS, 1853-1893; led expedition to complete the survey of the north coast of America along the west coast of the Boothia peninsula, 1853-1854 - on this expedition he was the first to hear news of Franklin's fate; retired, 1856; served on the Council of the RGS on four occasions; died, 1893.
George Rae was a founder, Vice President and trustee of the Chartered Institute of Bankers. He was also chairman and managing director of the North and South Wales Bank, which was acquired by the Midland Bank in 1908.
George Heynes Radford was born in Plymouth in 1851 and educated at London University. By profession a solicitor, he was a member of the London County Council 1895-1917. He was knighted 1916 and died 5 Oct 1917. He lived for much of his life at Chiswick House, Ditton Hill, Surrey in which county he was also a J.P.
A deed is any document affecting title, that is, proof of ownership, of the land in question. The land may or may not have buildings upon it. Common types of deed include conveyances, mortgages, bonds, grants of easements, wills and administrations.
An assignment of term, or assignment to attend the inheritance, was an assignment of the remaining term of years in a mortgage to a trustee after the mortgage itself has been redeemed. An assignment of a lease is the transfer of the rights laid out in the lease to another party, usually for a consideration (a sum of money).
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Rachel McMillan was born in 1859, the daughter of Scottish immigrants. On visiting Edinburgh at the age of 28, Rachel was influenced by Socialism and the following year moved to London to be near Margaret, her governess sister and also attend socialist meetings, write articles, and give free evening lessons to working class girls. The sisters moved to Bradford and joined the Fabian Society, Social Democratic Federation, and Labour Party. In 1892 Margaret with Dr James Kerr published a report on the health of elementary children in Britain and began campaigning for improvements. Rachel returned to London and was active in the Labour Party movement. In 1906 the sisters campaigned for, and had passed, the Provision of School Meals Act. In 1908 they opened the country's first school clinic in Bow and another in 1910 in Deptford as well as a Night Camp for children. In 1914 they started an open-air nursery and training centre in Peckham but sadly Rachel died in March 1917. The re-named Rachel McMillan College moved premises to Deptford in 1930 and in 1961 was taken over by the London County Council (LCC). The LCC created an annexe of the College on the New Kent Road, which went on to merge with South Bank Polytechnic in 1976. The rest of Rachel McMillan College merged with Goldsmith's College in 1977.
The Rabbinical Commission for the Licensing of Shochetim was established under the Slaughter Houses Act 1974. Schedule one provides for the shechita (slaughter) of poultry and animals by a shochet (slaughterer) licensed by the Commission. Orthodox Jews eat meat and poultry provided the animals and birds are slaughtered and their meat butchered according to the laws of Shechita. Slaughter may only be carried out by an approved slaughterman. He must be of recognised high moral character, consistant religious observance and have had thorough training. The Commission alone has power to train shochetim.
The Chief Rabbi is the permanent chairman of the Commission. The Spanish and Portuguese Congregation in London appoints a vice-chairman. Other members are appointed by the London Beth Din, the Federation of Synagogues and the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations. The President of the Board of Deputies appoints 2 members to represent Jews from outside London.
The pharmacy, at 20 Fore Street, Taunton, Somerset was run by R Woollatt until 1906, and thereafter by J Boyd.
Established 1845. Robert White and his sons Robert James White and John George White formed a partnership in 1875 as R White and Sons. Incorporated as R White and Sons Limited in 1894. The company manufactured "mineral and aerated waters and cordials" (including lemonade and ginger beer), later known as soft drinks. Based at Cunard Street and Neate Street, Camberwell.
Subsidiaries: White, Cottell and Company, makers of vinegars and sauces, of 143 Neate Street, Camberwell (formerly established through a partnership between Edward White and Oswald Daines Cottell, vinegar brewers and merchants, at 101 and 103, Long Lane, Bermondsey. Partnership was dissolved in 1892), and London Essence Company Limited, manufacturers of fermented liquors and spirits. The latter was based at Lofresco Works, 53 Glengall Road, Peckham until 1940 when the factory was bombed and moved to Neate Street, Camberwell. John George White was chairman of London Essence Company Limited.
The acquisition of R White and Sons in the 1960s was in response to the creation of a new soft drinks division within Whitbread and Company that reflected the shift in emphasis of the business from making to selling.
Personal collection of Paul N Thornton, Senior Partner for R Watson and Sons, Watson House, London Road, Reigate, Surrey, founded in 1878, merged with The Wyatt Company in 1995 to form Watson Wyatt Worldwide.