William Perry Wine Merchants Limited was formed in 1962 as the retail arm of Harveys of Bristol Limited, manufacturers of Bristol Cream. It controlled the off-licences owned by Harveys, including those of subsidiaries AJ Smith and Company Limited, Connolly and Olivieri Limited, Sidgwick and Cowell Limited, Matthew and Son Limited and Byron Gulliver and Sons Limited. William Perry Wine Merchants eventually controlled over 100 outlets nationwide.
William Parker was a glass seller at 69 Fleet Street from 1763. From 1772-84 the firm was known as William Parker and Company and from 1785-97 as William Parker and Son. In 1798 his son Samuel took over the business and traded as Parker and Perry, glass manufacturers, from 1803-18.
This company, East India merchants of Glasgow, was part of the Inchcape Group of companies. For further information about this company, see the introductory note for Mackinnon, Mackenzie and Company (CLC/B/123-41).
John Barnsdale (1800-65) was born into a family of clockmakers from Bale, Norfolk. In 1825 he married Sarah Elizabeth Barnsdale in Shoreditch. In 1862 he moved his clockmaking business to 11 Brunswick Place. On his death in 1865, the business was taken over by his third son, William Barnsdale (1834-1921), who moved it to 16 Brunswick Place in 1868 and then to 18 Brunswick Place in 1871. William Barnsdale was Master of the Clockmakers' Company in 1906. He married Sarah Augusta Clinch (1832-99) in 1859. From 1902-22 the firm is listed at J Barnsdale and Son. From 1923, after his father's death, William James Barnsdale (1860-1935) took on the business, moving it to 3 Newman's Court, where it was known as William James Barnsdale and Son. He married Amelia Ricards in 1891 and the family lived in Stamford Hill. William James Barnsdale was Master of the Clockmakers' Company in 1919 and 1930. On his death, his son Stanley Barnsdale (1894-1973) took over the business, moving premises to 10 Queen Street from 1953-60.
A large number of Grahams companies, registered in Glasgow, were trading individually in Glasgow and elsewhere, including Portugal and India, as early as the late 18th century. Grahams Trading Company Limited, however, was incorporated on 29 July 1924, as general merchants and manufacturers all over the world, with a registered office at 7 St Helen's Place, EC3. It was an amalgamation of several of the older Grahams companies and the newly acquired "Portuguese companies". The latter, Abelheira Paper Mills Limited, Boa Vista Spinning and Weaving Company Limited and Braco de Prata Printing Company Limited, had all begun in the late 19th century and were registered in Glasgow but traded in Portugal through William Graham and Company, William and John Graham and Company, and William Graham Junior and Company, who acted as their agents and held title to the real estate in Portugal.
An assets company was also formed in 1924, known as the Reserved Assets Company Limited. Its registered office also was 7 St Helen's Place. It was wound up in 1936 on the reduction and reorganisation of the capital of the trading company. West European Industries Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary, was incorporated on 26 March 1930. Its registered office was 7 St Helen's Place, moving to 5 St Helen's Place in 1947. The Portuguese business of Grahams Trading Company Limited was held through West European Industries Ltd. In 1947, the "Portuguese companies" went into voluntary liquidation, and the various mills and factories were gradually closed down and sold off in the 1950s. Grahams Trading Company Limited was taken over by Camp Bird Limited in 1957 and went into voluntary liquidation in 1960.
A large number of Grahams companies, registered in Glasgow, were trading individually in Glasgow and elsewhere, including Portugal and India, as early as the late 18th century. Grahams Trading Company Limited, however, was incorporated on 29 July 1924, as general merchants and manufacturers all over the world, with a registered office at 7 St Helen's Place, EC3. It was an amalgamation of several of the older Grahams companies and the newly acquired "Portuguese companies". The latter, Abelheira Paper Mills Limited, Boa Vista Spinning and Weaving Company Limited and Braco de Prata Printing Company Limited, had all begun in the late 19th century and were registered in Glasgow but traded in Portugal through William Graham and Company, William and John Graham and Company, and William Graham Junior and Company, who acted as their agents and held title to the real estate in Portugal.
An assets company was also formed in 1924, known as the Reserved Assets Company Limited. Its registered office also was 7 St Helen's Place. It was wound up in 1936 on the reduction and reorganisation of the capital of the trading company. West European Industries Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary, was incorporated on 26 March 1930. Its registered office was 7 St Helen's Place, moving to 5 St Helen's Place in 1947. The Portuguese business of Grahams Trading Company Limited was held through West European Industries Ltd. In 1947, the "Portuguese companies" went into voluntary liquidation, and the various mills and factories were gradually closed down and sold off in the 1950s. Grahams Trading Company Limited was taken over by Camp Bird Ltd in 1957 and went into voluntary liquidation in 1960.
Thomas Cubitt (1788-1855) was one of London's leading master builders. He was born in Buxton, Norfolk, son of a carpenter. He opened his business in 1810 in Gray's Inn Road. The first major building was the London Institution, Finsbury Circus. He later began speculative housing at Camden Town, Islington and Stoke Newington.
He also developed Bloomsbury around Gordon and Tavistock Squares for landowners including Duke of Bedford. In 1824, Richard Grosvenor, Marquess of Westminster commissioned Cubitt to create housing in Belgravia (Belgrave Square and Pimlico). He was responsible for the east front of Buckingham Palace and was an organiser of the Battersea Park Scheme. He also funded part of the River Thames Embankment. Outside London he developed Kemp Town, Brighton, Sussex and Osborne House, Isle of Wight.
In 1827 Thomas Cubitt withdrew from estate management leaving matters to his brother William Cubitt (1791-1863). He lived on Denbies Estate, Dorking, Surrey where he died in 1855. His affairs continued to be managed by his executors and later trustees under his will. In 1881 George Cubitt of Denbies, Surrey and William Cubitt of Fallapit, South Devon were trustees.
The business later moved from Gray's Inn Road to Westminster, operating from 3 Lyall Street, Belgrave Square (1850-1855); Grosvenor Road, Pimlico (1855-1859); 71 St George's Square (1859-1860); 127 St George's Square (1860-1864).
In 1883 the building business of Cubitts was acquired by Holland and Hannen and renamed Holland and Hannen and Cubitts, later incorporated as Holland, Hannen and Cubitts Limited. This firm was later acquired by Drake and Gorham Skull (1969) and then by Tarmac in 1976 and subsequently integrated into Tarmac Construction.
The estates were managed by the firm founded by William Cubitt, namely William Cubitt and Company which operated from Gray's Inn Road, Holborn (1843-1851). This later became Cubitt Estates Limited.
Henry William Crundall and Albert Edward Beckeley Crundall traded as William Crundall and Company of Dover, Kent.
William Comyns of Lena Villa, Highgate Rise was a silversmith. He appears to have retired to Bromley, assigning his property to Charles Harling Comyns and Richard Henry Comyns of 41 Beak Street, silversmiths, presumably his sons. Charles and Richard traded as William Comyns and Sons, manufacturing silversmiths, from the Beak Street address.
William Coates established as a wine merchant in the City, circa 1800. By 1808 he was trading from 1 New Court, St Swithin's Lane, and by 1815 from 26 Bucklersbury. In about 1825 he moved his premises out to 25 High Street Whitechapel. In the 1839 directory the firm is listed as Coates and Liston, reverting to William Coates and Company in 1840. The firm was subsequently based at 109 Old Broad Street and 45 London Wall.
The company traded as booksellers from 27 Fleet Street and in 1882 also set up as law publishers. It moved to 7 Fleet Street in 1901 (which Butterworth and Company (Publishers) Limited had just vacated) until 1907 when the building was demolished. In 1907 all of the law publishing business was sold to Butterworths.
London merchant bank.
In 1897 the Willesden Board of Guardians acquired a 64 acre site in Acton Lane from the Twyford Abbey estate. They built a new workhouse and infirmary, which opened in 1903, providing accommodation for 400 people, including 150 sick. By 1907 only sick paupers were admitted to both buildings, which were now known as the Willesden Workhouse Infirmary.
The buildings were extended in 1908, 1911 and 1914, when the Infirmary was renamed the Willesden Institution.
In 1921, it became known as the Park Royal Hospital.
In 1930 the Middlesex County Council took over its administrative control and it was renamed yet again in 1931, becoming the Central Middlesex County Hospital, with 689 beds. With even more extensions it had 890 beds by 1939.
During the Second World War, the Hospital was badly damaged by bombs.
When the Hospital joined the National Health Service in 1948, it was grouped together with the Neasden, Kingsbury and Willesden General Hospitals under the North-West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board.
In 1966 a further building was added for the maternity unit, which had 28 beds but, overall, the number of beds had been reduced to 736, mainly for acute admissions.
In 1997 construction work began on a new building for the Out-Patients Department. The building was named the Ambulatory Care and Diagnostic Centre (ACaD) and opened in 1999. Clinical services transferred from the old buildings to the new, and the second phase of rebuilding began in 2003. The in-patients wing - the Brent Emergency Care and Diagnostic Centre (BECaD) - opened in 2006, with 214 beds.
In November 2008, a private finance initiative (PFI) deal costing more than £80m enabled the Hospital to be rebuilt behind the original buildings.
Most of the old buildings have been demolished (the Out-Patients Department was the first to go) but the Old Refectory remains. The original site is now the foreground to the new buildings and contains a bus station. Some of the material from the demolition was used in the foundations for the new car park and roads.
It had been hoped to preserve the façade of the clock tower but this proved impossible. An old cupola and a flagpole are preserved on the wasteland at the back of the site. Two turrets, the Acton Lane gates, the clock and the foundation stones were saved from demolition. Some of these artefacts are now displayed in the new Hospital grounds.
The remainder of the site will be developed by the Network Housing Group for key worker housing and businesses.
Poor relief was based on the Act for the Relief of the Poor of 1601 which obliged parishes to take care of the aged and needy in their area. Parish overseers were empowered to collect a local income tax known as the poor-rate which would be put towards the relief of the poor. This evolved into the rating system, where the amount of poor-rate charged was based on the value of a person's property. Early workhouses were constructed and managed by the parish. However, this process was expensive and various schemes were devised where groups of parishes could act together and pool their resources. As early as 1647 towns were setting up 'Corporations' of parishes. An Act of 1782, promoted by Thomas Gilbert, allowed adjacent parishes to combine into Unions and provide workhouses. These were known as 'Gilbert's Unions' and were managed by a board of Guardians.
Under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Poor Law Commission was given the power to unite parishes in England and Wales into Poor Law Unions. Each Union was to be administered by a local Board of Guardians. Relief was to be provided through the provision of a workhouse. An amendment to the 1834 Act allowed already existing 'Gilbert's Unions' or Corporations of parishes to remain in existence, although they were encouraged to convert themselves into Poor Law Unions. Although there was some reorganisation of union boundaries, particularly in London, the majority of Unions created under the 1834 Act remained in operation until 1930. In March 1930 a new Local Government Bill abolished the Poor Law Unions and the Board of Guardians. Responsibility for their institutions passed to Public Assistance Committees managed by the county councils - in the metropolis either the London County Council or the Middlesex County Council.
The parish of Willesden originally belonged to the Hendon Poor Law Union. By 1895, the Hendon workhouse at Edgware had become extremely overcrowded. Since many inmates came from Willesden Parish, it was decided to set up a separate workhouse at Willesden. In 1896, the Local Government Board ordered that Willesden should separate from the Hendon Union and operate as an independent Poor Law District. In 1897, the Guardians acquired a site on the Twyford Abbey Estate on Acton Lane, on which they constructed a new infirmary. This later became the Central Middlesex County Hospital.
Source of information: Peter Higginbotham at The Workhouse website.
An Act of 1792 established seven 'Public Offices' (later Police offices and Police courts) in the central Metropolitan area. The aim was to establish fixed locations where 'fit and able magistrates' would attend at fixed times to deal with an increasing number of criminal offences.
Offices were opened in St Margaret Westminster, St James Westminster, Clerkenwell, Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Shadwell and Southwark. An office in Bow Street, Covent Garden, originally the home of the local magistrate, had been operating for almost 50 years and was largely the model for the new offices.
In 1800 the Marine Police Office or Thames Police Office, opened by 'private enterprise' in 1798, was incorporated into the statutory system. In 1821 an office was opened in Marylebone, apparently replacing the one in Shadwell.
Each office was assigned three Justices of the Peace. They were to receive a salary of £400 per annum. These were the first stipendiary magistrates. Later they were expected to be highly qualified in the law, indeed, to be experienced barristers. This distinguished them from the local lay justices who after the setting up of Police Offices were largely confined, in the Metropolitan area, to the licensing of innkeepers. In addition each office could appoint up to six constables to be attached to it.
The commonly used term of 'Police Court' was found to be misleading. The word 'police' gave the impression that the Metropolitan Police controlled and administered the courts. This was never the case, the word 'police' was being used in its original meaning of 'pertaining to civil administration', 'regulating', etc.
In April 1965 (following the Administration of Justice Act 1964) the London Police Courts with their stipendiary magistrates were integrated with the lay magistrates to form the modern Inner London Magistrates' Courts.
The police courts dealt with a wide range of business coming under the general heading of 'summary jurisdiction', i.e. trial without a jury. The cases heard were largely criminal and of the less serious kind. Over the years statutes created many offences that the courts could deal with in addition to Common Law offences. Examples include: drunk and disorderly conduct, assault, theft, begging, possessing stolen goods, cruelty to animals, desertion from the armed forces, betting, soliciting, loitering with intent, obstructing highways, and motoring offences. Non-criminal matters included small debts concerning income tax and local rates, landlord and tenant matters, matrimonial problems and bastardy.
Offences beyond the powers of the Court would normally be passed to the Sessions of the Peace or Gaol Delivery Sessions in the Old Bailey (from 1835 called the Central Criminal Court). From the late 19th century such cases would be the subject of preliminary hearings or committal proceedings in the magistrates' courts.
Outside the London Police Court Area but within the administrative county of Middlesex lay justices continued to deal with both criminal offences and administrative matters such as the licensing of innkeepers.
The exact area covered by a Court at any particular time can be found in the Kelly's Post Office London Directories, available on microfilm at LMA. The entries are based on the original Orders-in-Council establishing police court districts. A map showing police court districts is kept in the Information Area of LMA with other reference maps. Please ask a member of staff for assistance.
The Willesden Green Synagogue has its origins in a Hebrew Congregation established at an address in Heathfield Road. In 1936 the congregation was renamed as Willesden Green Federation Synagogue. In 1939 the name was changed again to Willesden Synagogue. In the same year the synagogue became a full Constituent member of the United Synagogue.
A bond was a deed, by which person A binds himself, his heirs, executors, or assigns to pay a certain sum of money to person B, or his heirs.
A quitclaim is a deed renouncing any possible right to a property.
A bargain and sale was an early form of conveyance often used by executors to convey land. The bargainee or person to whom the land was bargained and sold, became seised of the land.
A Final Concord (or Fine) was a fictitious legal case in which the person transferring the land (the deforciant) was deprived of the land which was given to the purchaser of the land (the querent).
Source: British Records Association Guidelines 3: How to interpret deeds (available online).
Born 1909, son of Sir Arthur Willert, Times Correspondent, Washington, 1910-1920; worked in publishing, Germany and New York, 1936-1939, work in propaganda, Paris and London, 1939-1940, service with RAF, 1941-1944, and as Air Attaché, Paris, 1944-1945.
Born, 1869; 18 King's Own Hussars; 2 Lt 5 Royal Irish Lancers, 1893; Major, 3 King's Own Hussars, 1906; Lt Col commanding 3 Hussars, 1915-1921; retired, 1921; Adjutant 5 Lancers, and of the Imperial Light Horse and South African Constabulary, served throughout South African (Boer) War, and wounded in defence of Ladysmith; died 1943.
Publications: The 3rd (King's Own) Hussars in the Great War, 1914-1919 (John Murray, London, 1925).
Sir W H Willcox (1870 - 1941) was Physician to St Mary's Hospital, London, where he lectured on chemical pathology, forensic medicine and related subjects. As scientific analyst and honorary medical adviser to the Home Office, he was associated with many famous criminal trials, and became widely known to the British public in the early years of the twentieth century. An account of his life is given in Philip Henry Almroth Willcox, The detective-physician: the life and work of Sir William Willcox (Heinemann Medical, London, 1970).
Born, London, 1943; worked at Ealing School of Art, 1962-1963; taught at Chelsea School of Art, 1960s; editor and publisher of Control Magazine, 1965-2002; Director, The Centre for Behavioural Art, London, 1972-1973; D.A.A.D. Fellowship, West Berlin, 1979-1980; Convenor of the Symposium, 'Art Creating Society', Museum of Modern Art, Oxford, 1990; solo and group exhibitions, 1964-2000, in the UK and Europe. Publications include: Art and social function. three projects (Latimer New Dimensions, London, 1976).
Sir Frederic Jeune Willans KCVO, MRCS, LRCP (1884-1949) was a general practitioner in Sandringham, Norfolk.
After university at Durham he studied medicine at Newcastle and London Hospitals gaining MRCS and LRCP in 1910. He served in France during the First World War. From 1924 until 1945 he was Surgeon-Apothecary to HM Household at Sandringham. He was knighted in 1933. During this time he was the first signatory to the bulletins announcing the illness of King George V and his death on 21 January 1936. He was also Surgeon-Apothecary to Queen Alexandra and was in attendance at the time of her death on 20 November 1925.
He died in 1949.
Student, Guy's Hospital, 1844-1846; Physician to the Surrey Infirmary, 1853; Assistant Physician, 1856, Curator of Museum, 1856-1865, Physician and Lecturer on Medicine, 1857, Guy's Hospital; Examiner in the Practice of Medicine, University of London, 1866-1870; Examiner in Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, 1868-1875; President of the Pathological Society, 1881-1882; President of the Neurological Society, 1887; member, Senate of the University of London, 1887-1900; member, General Medicine Council, 1887-1896; President, Royal College of Physicians, 1896-1899; Physician Extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1897; Moxon Gold Medallist, 1897; died, 1911.
Publications: Lectures on Pathology delivered at the London Hospital Henry Gawen Sutton Edited by M E Paul, M D, and revised by S Wilks (J & A Churchill, London, 1891).
This company was registered in 1930 as a private limited company and wholly owned subsidiary of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112/001-016). It took over an agreement between Wilkinson Process Rubber Company (CLC/B/112-165) and Harrisons and Crosfield Limited, where Harrisons and Crosfield Limited acted as sole concessionaires in Europe of Wilkinson Process Rubber Company's products. The company had a small factory at Camberley, Surrey.
Wilkinson Rubber Linatex Limited bought Midland Aggregates Limited (CLC/B/112-117), which owned sand and gravel deposits, in 1961. In 1968 it acquired half the equity of Crawford, Hansford and Kimber Limited, which made electronic equipment and which had a factory at Aldershot. In 1970 it purchased 20,000 shares in Lymington Machine Works Limited (of Lymington, Hampshire), which made injection moulding machines; it sold the company in 1975. From around 1989 Wilkinson Rubber Linatex Limited was known as Linatex Limited.
For historical notes see CLC/B/112/MS37392.
This company was registered in 1926 in Kuala Lumpur to produce linatex and other crepe rubber. It had a factory in Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaya. It was partly owned by Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112-001-016), and Harrisons and Crosfield (Malaya) Limited (CLC/B/112-071) acted as secretaries for the company.
Harrisons and Crosfield Limited and, from 1930, Wilkinson Rubber Linatex Limited (CLC/B/112-166) acted as sole concessionaires in Europe of the company's products.
In 1966 its name was changed to Wilkinson Process Rubber Company Berhad, and from 1990 it was known as Linatex Process Rubber Berhad. In 1989 Harrisons and Crosfield became the majority shareholder.
For staff lists see CLC/B/112/MS37341.
This company was registered in 1943 in London to manufacture, process or deal in plastics or synthetic material. It was a subsidiary company of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112-001-016). It had a factory in Camberley, Surrey.
Wilkinson Linatex (India) Limited was registered in 1943 in Quilon, Travancore, South India, to manufacture and deal in linatex and linatex applications. It was a subsidiary of Harrisons and Crosfield Limited (CLC/B/112-001-016).
Wilkinson was master of the MINOTAUR, 1807 to 1808, and took part in the attack on Copenhagen. After cruising in the Channel and the Atlantic between 1808 and 1810 in the CHRISTIAN VII, he was discharged from active service because of ill-health but was given shore appointment as Superintendent of the Wharf at the Victualling Yard, Deptford. From 1832 this post became known as Master Attendant and King's Harbour Master. Wilkinson retired in 1833 and was promoted to commander in 1846.
Vera Beaumont Wilkinson was a student of the Faculty of Arts at University College London from 1914 to 1918, 1920 to 1921, and 1932 to 1934.
Born in Springside, Yorkshire on 14 July 1921. Educated in the local council primary school, 1932 won a County Scholarship went to Todmorden Secondary School; 1939 awarded Royal Scholarship for study at Imperial College London, graduated 1941; PhD under supervision of H.V.A. Briscoe, Professor of Inorganic Chemistry, thesis title Some Physicochemical Observations on Hydrolysis in the Homogeneous Vapour Phase'; 1942 joined F.A. Paneth on nuclear energy project; 19 43 - 1946 worked in Canada; 1946 joined Glenn T. Seaborg's research group University of California at Berkeley, first non-American to be cleared by the US Atomic Energy Commission for work at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; worked on nuclear taxonomy making new neutron deficient isotopes using the cyclotrons of the Radiation Laboratory. 1950 joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology investigating transition metal complexes such as carbonyls and olefin complexes; 1951 Assistant Professorship at Harvard; 1955 returned to England, worked with organic chemist R.B. Woodward, recognised unprecedented molecularsandwich structure' of the organometallic compound now known as ferrocene (bis-(cyclopentadienyl) iron, Cp2Fe); 1955 Wilkinson appointed chair of Inorganic Chemistry at Imperial College London, (only established chair in the United Kingdom at that time) worked on complexes of transition metals, the complex chemistry of ruthenium, rhodium and rhenium, in compounds of unsaturated hydrocarbons and with metal to hydrogen bonds, leading to work on homogeneous catalytic reactions such as hydrogenation and hydroformylation of olefins; published Advanced Inorganic Chemistry with F.A. Cotton, 1962; 1982 edited the nine-volume Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry; elected FRS in 1965 (Royal Medal 1981, Davy Medal 1996); 1973 awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry (with E.O. Fischer) `for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds'; knighted for contributions to chemistry in 1976; died on 26 September 1996.
The site of the church of Saint Peter Cornhill has been used for Christian worship since antiquity, although it is unlikely that a church was founded on the site by the (mythical) King Lucius in AD 179 as is claimed. In the 15th century a grammar school and library were established at Saint Peter Cornhill. The church was destroyed in the Great Fire in 1666, but rebuilt by Wren in 1677-87. Owing to its antiquity and status, the parish was expressly excluded from the Union of Benefices Act of 1860 under which many City churches were demolished. The church was restored by J D Wyatt in 1872. A former churchyard to the south of the church, which lies on the west side of Gracechurch Street with its north porch on Cornhill, remains as an open space.
John Wilkinson was a student of Corpus Christi College Oxford.
Sir William Blackstone: born in London, 1723; English jurist; elected the first holder of a Chair (the Vinerian Professorship) of common law at Oxford, 1758; his lectures formed the basis of his influential Commentaries on the Laws of England (4 volumes, 1765-1769), describing the doctrines of English law, which became the basis of university legal education in England and North America; knighted, 1770; died at Wallingford, Oxfordshire, 1780.
Born 1927; educated Colwyn Bay Grammar School, 1939-1946; National Service with the RAF, 1947-1949; Degree student at King's College London, 1949-1952; Department of Scientific and Industrial Research studentship, 1952-1956; Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) Research Fellow, 1956; Assistant Lecturer, 1958-1959, Lecturer, 1959-1963, Reader, 1963-1971 and Professor, 1971-[1984], of Physics, King's College London; retired [1984]; Emeritus Professor of Physics, 1984-1989; died 1989.
MB, BS, London, 1972; Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England; Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1971; Fellow of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1976; Consultant Anaesthetist, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London; Honorary Treasurer of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland; formerly curator of the A Charles King Collection of Historical Anaesthetic Apparatus at the Association of Anaesthetists. Publications: 'A Charles King: a unique contribution to anaesthesia', Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, lxxx (Aug 1987), pp 510-14; edited, with A Marshall Barr and Thomas B Boulton, Essays on the history of anaesthesia (Royal Society of Medicine Press, 1996).
MB, BS, London, 1972; Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England; Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1971; Fellow of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1976; Consultant Anaesthetist, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London; Honorary Treasurer of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland; formerly curator of the A Charles King Collection of Historical Anaesthetic Apparatus at the Association of Anaesthetists. Publications: 'A Charles King: a unique contribution to anaesthesia', Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, lxxx (Aug 1987), pp 510-14; edited, with A Marshall Barr and Thomas B Boulton, Essays on the history of anaesthesia (Royal Society of Medicine Press, 1996).
A Charles King (1888-1965) was an engineer and instrument maker who specialised in anaesthetic apparatus from the early 1920s, a period of technical development in the specialty. Following a series of financial problems King's company was taken over by Coxeter's, which subsequently became part of the British Oxygen Company (BOC). King worked with leading anaesthetists in developing instruments and amassed a collection of equipment, which he donated to the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland in 1953 and which has subsequently been augmented by further acquisitions. The artefacts date from 1774 to the 1990s. The collection was moved from King's premises in Devonshire Street to the Royal College of Surgeons in 1965 and to the new premises of the Association of Anaesthetists at no 9 Bedford Square in 1987. For further information see editorial on King in the British Journal of Anaesthesia, xxv, no 2 (Apr 1953); 'The A Charles King Collection of early anaesthetic apparatus', Anaesthesia, vol xxv, no 4 (Oct 1970).
Charles Wilkinson was a surgeon practicing at Pulteney Street, Bath, in c1846. He was a member of the Company of Surgeons in 1791, and last appeared in the Medical Directory in 1849.
Born, 1892; educated, Eton College, [1906-1907]; Coldstream Guards, 1917; 99 Light Anti-Aircraft Regt during World War Two, 1939-1945; Head of British Military Government, Graz, Steiermark, Austria, 1945; died, 1983.
Originally linen drapers manufactured cloth from wool, but the term came to mean a general trader in textiles.
Born Pongaroa, New Zealand, 1916; family moved to Birmingham, UK, 1923; educated, King Edward School, Birmingham, 1929-1935, and St John's College, Cambridge, 1935-1938; joined Cambridge Scientists Anti-War Group and Communist Party; conducted research on luminescence in solids under John Randall, Physics Dept, Birmingham University, 1938-1940; PhD on thermoluminescence in solids, 1940; worked on improvements to radar screens, Ministry of Home Security and Aircraft Production, 1940-1941; worked on the separation of uranium isotopes for British atomic bomb research, codenamed the Tube Alloys Project, 1941-1944; worked at University of California at Berkeley, USA, on the Manhattan Project for the production of the atomic bomb, 1944-1945; Lecturer in Physics, St Andrews University, 1945; Researcher, Medical Research Council Biophysics Unit, Physics Department, King's College London, 1946-1958; Lecturer in Biophysics, King's College London, 1958-1963; awarded Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1962, jointly with James Watson and Francis Crick; Professor of Molecular Biology, King's College London, 1963-1970; President and co-founder, British Society for Social Responsibility in Science (BSSRS), 1969-1991; Professor of Biophysics, King's College London, 1970-1981; devised inter-disciplinary undergraduate course, 'The social impact of the biosciences', 1972; Director, Medical Research Council Cell Biophysics Unit, 1974-1981; Emeritus Professor of Biophysics, KCL, 1981-2004; President, Food and Disarmament International, 1984-2004; died, 2004.
Eva Stephenson was an Irish suffragette, who was imprisoned in Holloway. After her prison sentence she lived in a small village, Delgany, in County Wicklow. She was employed in an office doing secretarial work. She married Maurice Wilkins, a teacher from Dublin, c.1913.
John Wilkes was born in Clerkenwell in 1725. He was educated at the University of Leiden from 1744, where he developed life-long habits of vice and profligacy. In 1747 he returned to England to enter into an arranged marriage. The dowry was the manor of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire. In London Wilkes was admitted to several clubs and moved in intellectual circles, while in Aylesbury he participated in local administration as a magistrate. In 1757 he stood for the Aylesbury Parliamentary seat in an uncontested by-election. In 1761 he again won the seat by bribing the voters. Wilkes began to write anonymous political pamphlets and in 1762 he established a political weekly, the North Briton which was highly critical of the Prime Minister Lord Bute and his successor, George Greville. In November 1763 the North Briton was declared to be seditious libel, leaving Wilkes exposed to punitive legal action. At the same time he was badly injured in a pistol duel with another MP. Wilkes fled to Paris to escape legal proceedings and was expelled from Parliament.
In January 1764 Wilkes was convicted for publishing the North Briton. He was summoned to appear at the court of the King's Bench and when he failed to appear was outlawed. Wilkes therefore stayed abroad for four years as returning to England would mean imprisonment. In Paris he moved in intellectual circles and was praised as a champion of freedom, however, he was accruing serious debts. Between 1766 and 1767 he made brief return visits to London, hoping to be pardoned. In 1768 he returned permanently, living under a false name. He announced that he would attend the King's Bench when the court next met, and declared his intention to run for Parliament. He contested for the Middlesex seat and ran a superbly organised campaign backed by popular enthusiasm, winning the seat in March by 1292 votes to 827.
Wilkes was immediately expelled from Parliament as it was assumed he would be imprisoned when he attended court in April. The decision was reversed as it was feared that Wilkes' supporters would riot. In June Wilkes was sentenced to two years imprisonment in the King's Bench Prison. On 3 February 1769 he was again expelled from Parliament, only to be re-elected on 16 February in a by-election. He was expelled again but again re-elected in March, only to be expelled. At the April by-election Parliament produced a rival candidate who was soundly defeated, but nevertheless was awarded the Parliamentary seat. The resulting controversy forced the Prime Minister to resign.
Released in 1770 Wilkes stood for election as alderman for the Ward of Farringdon Without in the City of London. In 1771 he was elected Sheriff and in 1774 Lord Mayor. In the same year he was again elected to the Parliamentary seat for Middlesex. He held this seat until 1790. In 1779 he became the City of London Chamberlain and after leaving Parliament concentrated on this post until his death in 1797.
John Wilkes was born in Clerkenwell in 1725. He was educated at the University of Leiden from 1744, where he developed life-long habits of vice and profligacy. In 1747 he returned to England to enter into an arranged marriage. The dowry was the manor of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire. In London Wilkes was admitted to several clubs and moved in intellectual circles, while in Aylesbury he participated in local administration as a magistrate. In 1757 he stood for the Aylesbury Parliamentary seat in an uncontested by-election. In 1761 he again won the seat by bribing the voters. Wilkes began to write anonymous political pamphlets and in 1762 he established a political weekly, the North Briton which was highly critical of the Prime Minister Lord Bute and his successor, George Greville. In November 1763 the North Briton was declared to be seditious libel, leaving Wilkes exposed to punitive legal action. At the same time he was badly injured in a pistol duel with another MP. Wilkes fled to Paris to escape legal proceedings and was expelled from Parliament.
In January 1764 Wilkes was convicted for publishing the North Briton. He was summoned to appear at the court of the king's bench and when he failed to appear was outlawed. Wilkes therefore stayed abroad for four years as returning to England would mean imprisonment. In Paris he moved in intellectual circles and was praised as a champion of freedom, however, he was accruing serious debts. Between 1766 and 1767 he made brief return visits to London, hoping to be pardoned. In 1768 he returned permanently, living under a false name. He announced that he would attend the king's bench when the court next met, and declared his intention to run for Parliament. He contested for the Middlesex seat and ran a superbly organised campaign backed by popular enthusiasm, winning the seat in March by 1292 votes to 827.
Wilkes was immediately expelled from Parliament as it was assumed he would be imprisoned when he attended court in April. The decision was reversed as it was feared that Wilkes' supporters would riot. In June Wilkes was sentenced to two years imprisonment in the King's Bench Prison. On 3 February 1769 he was again expelled from Parliament, only to be re-elected on 16 February in a by-election. He was expelled again but again re-elected in March, only to be expelled. At the April by-election Parliament produced a rival candidate who was soundly defeated, but nevertheless was awarded the Parliamentary seat. The resulting controversy forced the Prime Minister to resign.
Released in 1770 Wilkes stood for election as alderman for the Ward of Farringdon Without in the City of London. In 1771 he was elected Sheriff and in 1774 Lord Mayor. In the same year he was again elected to the Parliamentary seat for Middlesex. He held this seat until 1790. In 1779 he became the City of London Chamberlain and after leaving Parliament concentrated on this post until his death in 1797.
John Wilkes was born in Clerkenwell in 1725. He was educated at the University of Leiden from 1744, where he developed life-long habits of vice and profligacy. In 1747 he returned to England to enter into an arranged marriage. The dowry was the manor of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire. In London Wilkes was admitted to several clubs and moved in intellectual circles, while in Aylesbury he participated in local administration as a magistrate. In 1757 he stood for the Aylesbury Parliamentary seat in an uncontested by-election. In 1761 he again won the seat by bribing the voters. Wilkes began to write anonymous political pamphlets and in 1762 he established a political weekly, the North Briton which was highly critical of the Prime Minister Lord Bute and his successor, George Greville. In November 1763 the North Briton was declared to be seditious libel, leaving Wilkes exposed to punitive legal action. At the same time he was badly injured in a pistol duel with another MP. Wilkes fled to Paris to escape legal proceedings and was expelled from Parliament.
In January 1764 Wilkes was convicted for publishing the North Briton. He was summoned to appear at the court of the King's Bench and when he failed to appear was outlawed. Wilkes therefore stayed abroad for four years as returning to England would mean imprisonment. In Paris he moved in intellectual circles and was praised as a champion of freedom, however, he was accruing serious debts. Between 1766 and 1767 he made brief return visits to London, hoping to be pardoned. In 1768 he returned permanently, living under a false name. He announced that he would attend the King's Bench when the court next met, and declared his intention to run for Parliament. He contested for the Middlesex seat and ran a superbly organised campaign backed by popular enthusiasm, winning the seat in March by 1292 votes to 827.
Wilkes was immediately expelled from Parliament as it was assumed he would be imprisoned when he attended court in April. The decision was reversed as it was feared that Wilkes' supporters would riot. In June Wilkes was sentenced to two years imprisonment in the King's Bench Prison. On 3 February 1769 he was again expelled from Parliament, only to be re-elected on 16 February in a by-election. He was expelled again but again re-elected in March, only to be expelled. At the April by-election Parliament produced a rival candidate who was soundly defeated, but nevertheless was awarded the Parliamentary seat. The resulting controversy forced the Prime Minister to resign.
Released in 1770 Wilkes stood for election as alderman for the Ward of Farringdon Without in the City of London. In 1771 he was elected Sheriff and in 1774 Lord Mayor. In the same year he was again elected to the Parliamentary seat for Middlesex. He held this seat until 1790. In 1779 he became the City of London Chamberlain and after leaving Parliament concentrated on this post until his death in 1797.
Noel Wildsmith designed the sets for the production of "The Homecoming" by Harold Pinter. This production of the play, which starred Pinter himself, took place at the Palace Theatre, Watford in February 1969.
Born 1914, son of R Adm Sir Henry William Wildish, educated at Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, 1928-1931; entered RN as Cadet, 1932, sea service in HMSS RAMILLIES and REVENGE, 1932; transferred to Engineering Branch, 1933; Mid (E), 1933; RN Engineering College, Keyham, 1933-1936; Sub Lt (E) 1935; appointed to HMS NELSON, 1936-1938; Lt (E) 1937; RN Apprentice Training Establishment, 1938-1939; Damage Control Officer, HMS PRINCE OF WALES, 1940-1941; Staff of Fleet Engineer Officer, Far East Fleet, 1942; Engineer Officer, HMS ISIS, Apr 1942-Feb 1944; RN Engineering College, Devonport, Feb 1944-Sep 1946; Lt Cdr (E) 1945; Senior Engineer, HMS IMPLACBLE, Sep 1946-Aug 1948; Cdr (E) 1948; Planning Staff, Exercise Trident, 1948-1949; Staff of Engineer Officers' Admin Course, 1949-1951; Assistant Naval Attaché, British Embassy, Rome, Italy, 1951-1954; Engineer Officer, HMS EAGLE and Staff EO to Flag Officer Heavy Squadron, 1954-1956; Admiralty, Officer Planning Section, 2nd Sea Lord's Department, 1956-1958; Capt 1957; Admiralty Engineer Overseer, Southern District, 1958-1960; Deputy Director, Fleet Maintenance (Organisation), 1960-1962; Director of Fleet Maintenance, 1962-1964; Senior Officers War Course, 1964; Commodore, Naval Drafting, 1964-1966; R Adm 1966; Adm Superintendent HM Dockyard, Devonport, 1966-1970; CB 1968; V Adm 1970; Director General of Personnel Services and Training (Naval) and Deputy Second Sea Lord, 1970-1972.
R Adm Sir Henry William Wildish: born 1883; educated at Royal Naval Engineering College, Keyham and Royal Naval College, Greenwich; Engineer Sub Lt 1904; HMS NILE 1905-1906; HMS HERMES, 1906-1907; Engineer Lt 1907; Assistant to Engineer Captain, Nore Division, 1908-1912; HMS DUNCAN 1912-1914; Senior Engineer, HMS SUTLEJ, 1914-1915; Engineer Lt Cdr 1915; Senior Engineer, HMS KING ALFRED, 1915-1916; Chief Engineer, HMS SPRINGBOK 1916-1919; Engineer Officer, Malta, 1919-1923; Engineer Cdr 1921; Engineer Officer, HMS CANTERBURY, 1923-1925; Engineer Officer, HMS DILIGENCE, 1925; Engineer Officer, HMS WEYMOUTH, 1925-1926; Engineer Officer in charge, Admiralty Fuel Experimental Station, Haslar, 1926-1928; Engineer Officer, HMS FURIOUS, 1928-1931; Engineer Capt 1930; Engineer Manager, HM Dockyard, Gibraltar, 1930-1934; Fleet Engineer Officer, Mediterranean Fleet, 1934-1936; Admiralty Engineer Overseer, Northern District, 1936-1937; Engineer R Adm, 1937; Staff of Commander-in-Chief, Nore Command, 1937-1941; CBE, 1939; Staff of Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches, 1941-1945; CB, 1942; retired 1945; KBE, 1946; died 1973.
Born, 1875; naval architect in the employment of Harland and Wolff, builders of the Titanic, and gave evidence in the inquiry into its loss, 1912; CBE, 1920; consulting naval architect, Argentine Navigation Company, 1926; Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, 1926-1933; died, 1939.
Samuel Wilderspin was the controversial self-styled founder of the Infant School System. He was born in Hornsey, North London in 1792 and was an apprentice clerk in the City before being introduced to infant education by Buchanan. He trained with Buchanan at a school in Vincent Square, London and then became master of his own school in Quaker Street, Spitalfields. From 1824 he worked for the Infant School Society and as a freelance, teaching others about his system of schooling. He ran an infant school supply depot in Cheltenham for supplying apparatus and in 1839 set up the Central Model School in Dublin which was subsequently run by Sarah Anne and Thomas Young (his daughter and son-in-law). After returning from Dublin he was heavily involved with the Mechanics' Institute movement. In 1848, having founded several hundred schools, he retired to Wakefield on a civil list pension.Wilderspin's theories on education were mainly a product of his Swedenborgian beliefs. He saw education as a life long training of the child's soul and as such approached education from social, moral and religious aspects.
Publications include:
'Early discipline illustrated; or, the infant system progressing and successful' (1832)
'The importance of educating the infant poor from the age of eighteen months to seven years' (1824)
'The infant system, for developing the intellectual and moral powers of all children, from one to seven years of age' (1834)
'Manual for the religious and moral instruction of young children' (1845) co-author with Thomas John Terrington
'On the Importance of educating the Infant Children of the Poor ... Containing also an account of the Spitalfields Infant School' (1823)
'A system for the education of the young: applied to all the faculties' (1840)
Johannes Wilde (1891-1970) was a Hungarian émigré to Britain and art historian. He became Professor of the History of Art, University of London, 1950-1958 and Deputy Director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, 1948-1961. He became a Fellow of the British Academy in 1951.
Born in Budapest, 1891; educated at the State Gymnasium in Budapest, University of Budapest, 1909-1914; studied art, archaeology and philosophy, University of Vienna, 1915-1917, under Max Dvorák; awarded the degree Doctor Philosophiae by Vienna University for his thesis 'Die Anfange der italienischen Radierung', 1918; Assistant Keeper, Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest, 1918-1922, where he gained his interest in the study of Old Master drawings, assisted in organising the sequestration of works of art considered of national importance, collaborated with Karl Swoboda on the collected works of Dvorák; Assistant Keeper, then Keeper, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, 1923-1938; developed the use of x-rays to discover the condition of paintings and the artists' creative process; fearing for the safety of his Hungarian-Jewish wife, they left to visit Holland, 1939, then to England as guests of Sir Kenneth Clark; went to Aberystwyth to look after Count Antoine Seilern's pictures, and assisted with cataloguing the National Gallery's pictures in store there; approached by Arthur Ewart Popham, Keeper of Prints and Drawings at the British Museum, to help write a catalogue of Old Master drawings at Windsor Castle, 1939; interned and deported to a concentration camp in Canada, 1940-1941; allowed to return to England, 1941, resumed his work on the Windsor Castle catalogue and began lecturing at the Courtauld Institute; reader in the History of Art, London University, 1947; Deputy Director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, 1948-1958; Professor of History of Art, 1950; fellow of the British Academy, 1951; published his catalogue of the Michelangelo drawings in the British Museum, 1953; CBE, 1955; member of the Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art, 1957-1963; Serena medal of the British Academy, 1963; died in Dulwich, London, 1970.
Publications: Kunstgeschichte als Geistesgeschichte. Studien zur abendländischen Kunstentwicklung, etc Max Dvorák [edited by Carl M Swoboda and Johannes Wilde](München, 1924); 'Michelangelo and his Studio' by Johannes Wilde (translated by J A Gere and T H Scrutton) 1953, in Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum (London, 1950-62); The Italian Drawings of the XV and XVI Centuries ... at Windsor Castle By A E Popham and Johannes Wilde [A catalogue, with reproductions. The sections relating to Michelangelo and his school by J Wilde, translated by J Leveen] (Phaidon Press, London, 1949); Michelangelo's 'Victory' (Oxford University Press, London, 1954); Venetian art from Bellini to Titian (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1974); Michelangelo: six lectures by Johannes Wilde edited by John Shearman and Michael Hirst (Oxford University Press, 1978); 'The Decoration of the Sistine Chapel' (1958), in Art and Politics in Renaissance Italy: British Academy Lectures edited by George Holmes, (Oxford University Press, 1993); Michelangelo: Selected Scholarship in English [5 volumes], edited by William E Wallace (New York: Garland Publishing Inc, 1995). Includes [volume 1] 'Michelangelo, Vasari, and Condivi' (1978), 'The Hall of the Great Council of Florence' (1944), 'Michelangelo and Leonardo' (1953), [volume 2] 'The Decoration of the Sistine Chapel' (1958), [volume 3] 'Michelangelo's Designs for the Medici Tombs' (1955), 'Notes on the Genesis of Michelangelo's "Leda"' (1957), 'Michelangelo's "Victory"' (1954).