Count Guglielmo Bruto Icilio Timoleone Libri-Carrucci dalla Sommaia was born into an aristocratic family in Florence and educated at the University of Pisa, from which he received his doctorate in 1820. From 1823 until his death in 1869 he was officially Professor of Mathematical Physics at Pisa, although he did not teach there after 1824. Libri subsequently spent many years researching in Florence, Paris and London. He was also a prolific collector of and dealer in books and manuscripts, though his reputation was heavily tainted by accusations (proved true after his death) that he had stolen many items from libraries, mainly in France, during the 1840s. Whilst, his usually known simply as Guglielmo Libri, the French form of his name, Guillaume Libri, is sometimes used.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Irene Bass was born in Lydd, Kent, and educated at nearby Ashford and at Maidstone School of Art before entering the Royal College of Art in London. She susbequently became one of the leading British calligraphers, teaching at Edinburgh College of Art and the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London, as well as making a living from freelance work and commissions. Irene was married twice, firstly to her cousin Jack Sutton (annulled in 1944) and secondly to the artist and teacher Hubert Lindsay Wellington.
Francis Wormald was born on 1 June 1904. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge. From 1927 to 1949 he served as Assistant Keeper at the Department of Manuscripts at the British Museum. During the Second World War Wormald served in the Ministry of Home Security, producing Civil Defence training films. He was Professor of Paleography at the University of London between 1950 and 1960. In 1960 he was appointed Professor of History and Director of the Institute of Historical Research (IHR). Wormald was a member of the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton University, USA, from 1955 until 1956; the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments in 1957; the Advisory Council on Public Records from 1965 to 1967 and President of the Society of Antiquaries from 1965 to 1970. In 1967 he became a Trustee of the British Museum and Governor of the London Museum in 1971. His major publications include English Kalendars before AD 1100 (1934); English Benedictine Kalendars after 1100 (2 volumes, 1939 and 1946) and English Drawings of the 10th and 11th Centuries (1952). He also contributed articles to Archaelogia, Antiquaries Journal and the Walpole Society. He was appointed Honorary Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1961 and awarded a CBE in 1969. He died on 11 January 1972.
Ebenezer Elliott was born in Rotherham, Yorkshire, and initially worked at his father's foundry there. After the firm's collapse, he moved to Sheffield and started a cutlery business with money borrowed from his wife's family. He was actively opposed to the Corn Laws and founded the Sheffield Anti-Corn Law Society in 1834. Having written poetry since his youth, Elliott was actively interested in literature as well as business and politics. He published several volumes of Corn Law Rhymes in the early 1830s and consquently became known as the Corn Law Rhymer.
George Frederick Ernest Albert was the second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). He entered the Royal Navy whilst still a boy and served as a naval officer for many years. Prince George married Princess Mary of Teck (formerly engaged to his elder brother Albert, who died in 1891) in 1893. He became Prince of Wales in 1901 on the death of his grandmother, Queen Victoria, and King George V on his father's death in 1910. The Royal Family's surname was changed from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor in 1917, to assert their Britishness during the First World War. He celebrated his Silver Jubilee in May 1935, but died less than a year later. His eldest son succeeded him as King Edward VIII.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Walter Fitzwilliam Starkie was the first Professor of Spanish at Trinity College, Dublin, and an authority on Spanish literature and gypsy culture. He is best known as a translator of Spanish literature and drama, and for serving as the director of the Abbey Theare, Dublin, for 17 years. His sister, Enid Mary Starkie, taught French at Somerville College, Oxford.
Edward Howard Marsh was born in London in 1872. He was educated at Westminster School and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He joined the Colonial Office in 1896 and subsequently enjoyed a distinguished career in several civil service departments, much of it as Winston Churchill's private secretary. He received a knighthood on his retirement in 1937. Marsh was also an active art collector, literary critic and translator. On his death in 1953, The Times declared him 'the last individual patron of the arts'.
Born in Philadelphia, Henry George settled in California, where he became successful in the newspaper industry and wrote several books. He is known as the founder of 'Georgism', an economic policy advocating land value taxation as a replacement for other forms of taxation and asserting that land and natural resources belong to all humanity equally.
Henry Spencer Moore was born in Castleford, Yorkshire, and educated locally before training as a teacher. After the First World War he studied at the Leeds School of Art and subsequently at the Royal College of Art in London, which enabled him to fulfill his childhood ambition of becoming a sculptor. His work, in a modernist style and much of it on a large scale, was a financial and often also a critical success over several decades. Towards the end of his life he endowed the Henry Moore Foundation, which continues to promote contemporary art.
Laurence Edward Alan [Laurie] Lee was born and educated in Gloucestershire. He lived in London and Spain as a young man, working in a variety of jobs, and fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. During the Second World War he worked as a film scriptwriter for the Ministry of Information. Lee's first volume of poetry was published in 1944 and he subsequently wrote a variety of fiction and non-fiction works. He is best known, however, for Cider with Rosie (1959), the first of his three volumes of autobiography. He received the MBE in 1952 and was made a freeman of the City of London in 1982.
Sir Thomas (Tam) Dalyell was born in England and brought up at The Binns, West Lothian, Scotland. He was educated at the Edinburgh Academy, at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge. As a young man he supported the Conservatives, but he joined the Labour Party after the 1956 Suez Crisis. Dalyell served as MP for West Lothian from 1962 until 1983. Following boundary changes, he was MP for Lithlingow from 1983 until he retired in 2005; at the time of his retirement he was Father of the House. As a working politician Dalyell was known for his strong and outspoken views. He inherited the Dalyell of the Binns baronetcy through his mother but does not use the title.
David Edward Alexander Lindsay was born in Aberdeen and educated at Eton and at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was elected Conservative MP for Chorley, Lancashire in 1895, and retained the seat until succeeding his father in the House of Lords in 1913. He was chief whip between July 1911 and January 1913. Lord Crawford largely retired from active politics in the early 1920s and was subsequently chiefly known as a patron of the arts, an area that had interested him for many years. His diary, kept continously from 1892 until his sudden death in 1940 and rich in political detail, was published in 1984.
William Hazlitt was Registrar of the London Court of Bankruptcy but is better known for overseeing the posthumous publication and republication of many of the works of his father, also William Hazlitt (1778-1830). His son, William Carew Hazlitt (1834-1913) also became a well-known writer.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
James Ludovic Lindsay was educated at Eton and Trinity College Cambridge before entering the Grendier Guards. He served as MP for Wigan from 1874 until 1880, when he entered the House of Lords on his father's death. Lord Crawford was a keen astronomer and bibliophile, maintaining an observatory in Scotland and a extensive library at the family seat of Haigh Hall, near Wigan. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and, at various times, President of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Royal Philatelic Society, the Royal Photographic Society and the Camden Society.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
George Long was born in Lancashire in 1800. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated in 1822. He became a fellow of Trinity in 1823 and Professor of Ancient Languages at the newly-founded University of Virginia in 1824, returning to England in 1828 as Professor of Greek at the University of London (afterwards University College London), a chair which he held until his resignation in 1831; he returned to University College between 1842 and 1846 as Professor of Latin. Besides classics, Long was also interested in geography and law: he co-founded the Royal Geographical Society in 1830 and lectured at the Middle Temple from 1846 to 1849. He also wrote and edited publications on various topics for the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. From 1849 Long lectured a new progressive school, Brighton College, and remained influential in the field of classical scholarship. After retiring in 1871 he lived in Chichester until his death.
Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Trier, Germany in 1818. His family was Jewish but he and his siblings were baptised into the Protestant church. He studied law and philosophy at the Universities of Bonn and Berlin before becoming a journalist and editor, initially in Berlin and later in Paris and Brussels. From 1849 onwards he and his family lived in exile in London. From the 1840s onwards Marx developed the set of economic and political theories now known as Marxism. Many of his ideas were developed in collaboration with Friedrich Engels (1820-1895). His best known works are The Communist Manifesto [with Engels] (1848) and Das Kapital vol 1 (1867). Marx died in 1883 and was buried in Highgate cemetery. His ideas were very influential during the 20th century and the original source of the ideology adopted by Communist revolutions and governments in Soviet Russia and elsewhere.
Horatio Nelson was born in Norfolk and educated there before going to sea in 1771, aged 12. By the age of 21 he had served on board ship in many parts of the globe and risen through the ranks to captain. He was promoted to Rear Admiral in 1797 and Vice Admiral in 1801 and commanded during many naval battles; however, his name is most associated with the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) during which he was killed. He married Frances Herbert Nisbet in 1787 but is better known for his love affair with Emma, Lady Hamilton, which lasted from 1793 until his death. Nelson was knighted in 1797, created a baron in 1798, and created a viscount in 1801. He is commemorated by Nelson's column in Trafalgar Square, London, and other monuments in the UK and elswhere.
Richard Oastler was born in Leeds in 1789. After his business as a commission agent failed in 1820, he was appointed steward to Thomas Thornhill, an absentee Yorkshire squire. An opponent of slavery in the colonies, he began to campaign vigorously for improvements to the working conditions in British factories, and had some success in influencing legislation. He fell from prominence after the rise of Chartism in the early 1840s. He died in 1861.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
The Department of Materials has its origins in the Royal School of Mines, which opened in 1851. By 1854, the Mining and Metallurgical Division was established as one of four sections of the School, and was moved from Jermyn Street to South Kensington in 1879 as the Department of Metallurgy. In 1970, the Department became the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, and the Department of Materials from 1986, as part of the Royal School of Mines.
The London Centre for Marine Technology was established in the 1980s as a joint venture between Imperial College and University College London.
The Department of Mineral Resources Engineering has its origins in the Royal School of Mines, which opened in 1851 as the Government School of Mines and of Science applied to the Arts. By 1854, the Mining and Metallurgical Division was established as one of four sections of the School. The department was moved from Jermyn Street to South Kensington in 1891.An undergraduate degree course in Mineral Dressing was introduced in 1953, and renamed Mineral Technology in 1961, when a new chair in Mineral Technology was established. The Department was known as the Department of Mining and Mineral Technology from 1961 until 1976, when it became the Department of Mineral Resources Engineering with the addition of Petroleum Engineering from the Department of Geology.A third year undergraduate course in Rock Mechanics was introduced in 1967.
The Centre for Petroleum Studies was established in 1994 and is currently part of the T H Huxley School of Environment, Earth Science and Engineering, as is the Petroleum Engineering & Rock Mechanics (PERM) Research Group.
The first Field Station established by the College was at Hurworth, near Slough in the late 1920s. It was taken over by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research during World War Two, and consequently the college relocated their field station to Silwood Park, Berkshire. The house and land was purchased in 1947, and in 1953 Silwood Park Farm and land was purchased by Imperial College. Some further land along Cheapside Road was purchased in 1961. The Overseas Spraying Machinery Centre, Silwood Park was established in 1955.
Sunninghill manor, part of Silwood Park estate, first appears as a separate manor in a conveyance of 1362, although technically it is a parcel of the royal manor of Cookham. The first court of which there is a record was held in 1616 by Mathew Day, Lord of the manor and five times mayor of Windsor. Courts were held irregularly during the period 1616-1790, and dealt exclusively with the transfer of land and admission of tenants. After several changes of owner, the manor was sold to James Sibbald in 1788, who built a new house, the first Silwood.
The Ashurst Lodge Estate house and grounds was purchased by Imperial College in 1948, and sold in 1987.
St Mary's Hospital Medical School was founded in 1854. St Mary's Hospital had been founded in 1845 as a voluntary hospital for the benefit of the sick poor, and from its foundation was intended to be a teaching hospital. The first two clinical students were admitted in 1851 when the hospital opened. Until 1933 the School was housed in South Wharf Road before moving to its present site in Norfolk Place.
The running of the Medical School was the responsibility of the Medical School Committee, one of the standing Committees of the Hospital. The Commitee was ultimately responsible to the Board of Governors or Board of Management of the Hospital, although the Medical School was always allowed a great degree of autonomy. The School was recognised as a School of the University of London in 1900.
In 1948, the Medical School became independent of St Mary's Hospital, gaining it's own Council. It also gained responsibility for the Wright-Fleming Institute, although this remained autonomous with its own Council and administration until 1967, when it became part of the Medical School.
In 1988, St Mary's Hospital Medical School merged with Imperial College to become its fourth constituent college (the others being the Royal College of Science, Royal School of Mines and City and Guilds College). The College was renamed Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. The School was managed by a Delegacy responsible to the Governing Body of Imperial College. In 1997 the Imperial College School of Medicine was formed from the existing institutions on the St Mary's and Royal Brompton campuses, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School.
Student records were created and maintained by the Medical School Secretary, then later the Registry of St Mary's Hospital Medical School.
St Mary's Hospital Gazette was established in 1895, and ceased publication in 1998.
The Imperial College Union was established in 1907. There are also four constituent unions, the Royal College of Science Union, Royal School of Mines Union, City & Guilds College Union and Imperial College School of Medicine Union. The governing body of the Unions is the Council. The Executive, comprising Union officers, has responsibility to carry out policy. Clubs and societies, financial affairs and other functions are organised through committees.
Alumni Groups and Associations exist to keep former students in touch with each other and with the College. The Old Student Associations became Constituent College Associations in 1992. All are predominantly volunteer organisations but receive administrative support from the College's Alumni Relations office. The City & Guilds College Association was formed in 1897, and until 1992 took its name (Old Centralians) from the original Central Technical College of 1885. The Twentyone Club was established in 1922 as a correspondence club for former students of the City and Guilds College. The Links Club was established in 1926 as a similar club for the Guilds. The Royal College of Science Association was founded in 1908 under the Presidency of H G Wells. The Royal School of Mines Association began life as the Royal School of Mines Old Students' Dining Club and the first Annual Dinner was held in 1873. The Association was formally inaugurated in 1913. The Chaps Club was established in 1921, as a Club for past students of the Royal School of Mines.
The Hofmann Society was established in 1933 for Organic Chemists in the Royal College of Science. The H G Wells Society was established in 1963 for students and staff.
The Imperial College Representative Council was formed in 1969 to consider matters of general college interest, and comprised representatives from staff and student unions within the college.
The Royal British Nurses Association (RBNA)was founded (as the British Nurses' Association) in December 1887, by Dr Bedford Fenwick, and his wife, Ethel Gordon Fenwick, former Matron of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, with HRH Princess Christian, daughter of Queen Victoria, as its first President. There was considerable opposition to the Association, particularly from Florence Nightingale, who felt that it would destroy the `vocational spirit' of nursing. The Association was renamed the RBNA in 1891 and received its Royal Charter in 1893. Dr and Mrs Fenwick took over the Nursing Record (started in 1888), in 1893 and renamed it the British Journal of Nursing in 1902. Mrs Fenwick and Isla Stewart (Matron of St Bartholomew's Hospital) founded the Matrons' Council of Great Britain and Ireland in 1894. The Society for the State Registration of Nurses was formed in 1902, with Ethel Fenwick as Secretary and Treasurer. The National Council of Trained Nurses of Great Britain and Ireland was established 1904, with Ethel Fenwick as President. Between 1906 and 1909 the RBNA drafted three Parliamentary bills on nurse registration. The Central Committee for the State Registration of Nurses was formed 1909 with Ethel Fenwick as joint honorary secretary. From 1910-1914 the Central Committee introduced annual Parliamentary bills on nurse registration. The College of Nursing (later Royal College of Nursing) was established 1916, and in 1917 there were inconclusive discussions on the possibility of a merger between the RBNA and the College. The Nurses' Registration Acts were passed in 1919. The General Nursing Council, chaired by Mrs Fenwick was established 1920. The British College of Nurses (BCN) was founded by Mrs Fenwick, 1926, with herself as President, and Dr Fenwick as Treasurer. In 1927 the College of Nursing applied for its Royal Charter, the application, opposed by the RBNA, was granted in 1928 and it was renamed the Royal College of Nursing in 1939. Bedford Fenwick died 1939 and Ethel Fenwick, 1947. The British College of Nurses closed in 1956.
Shaxson was educated at Sherborne School for Girls. She entered nurse training at King's College Hospital, London, in 1924, aged 20.
Born, 1891; educated, Bonn, Marburg, Lille; trained at St Thomas's Hospital; University of London; BS 1917 (London); MD 1930; Director, London Hospital (Whitechapel) Clinic for Venereal Diseases, 1930-1936; Lecturer on Venereal Diseases to London Hospital Medical College; Consultant and Venereologist to London County Council, 1930-1936; Director and Physician in Charge of the Department of Venereal Diseases, St Thomas's Hospital, 1936-1956; Fellow, Royal College of Physicians, 1937; Fellow Royal Society of Medicine; London University Lecturer at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School; Honourable Secretary, Royal Medical Benevolent Fund, 1956-1970; Consulting Physician to St Thomas's Hospital; died, 1971.
Publications include: Primary Syphilis in the Female (Oxford University Press, London, 1931); The Treatment of Veneral Disease in General Practice (John Bale, Sons & Danielsson, London, 1935); books, papers and articles on research into therapeutic and administrative problems of venereology; yearly contributions to The Medical Annual, 1937-1959.
Guy's Hospital was founded by Thomas Guy, a bookseller and publisher in London who made a large fortune from his business and investments. Guy had become a Governor of St Thomas's Hospital in 1704, and proved an active and generous benefactor. He became a close friend of Richard Mead, Physician to St Thomas's Hospital, and a strong influence on Guy to use his wealth to build a new hospital. Guy was particularly interested in the needs of 'incurables' discharged from St Thomas's still weak and ill and unable to earn a living. His new hospital was intended to help such people, and so he looked for a site close to St Thomas's. In 1721 he was granted a lease of land within the close of St Thomas's Hospital by the Hospital Governors. The land was on the south side of St Thomas's Street and the houses occupying the site were demolished by the end of 1721. The foundations of the building were laid in 1722 and the hospital was opened on 6th January 1726, a year after the death of Thomas Guy. It had accommodation for 435 patients, and 60 were admitted on opening. In accordance with wishes expressed in Guy's will, an Act of Parliament was passed in 1725, establishing the Corporation of Governors for Guy's Hospital. The Governors administered the estates acquired by the hospital and managed the hospital through a committee (the Court of Committees) of twenty-one men named by Guy, including four doctors. The management of the two hospitals was at first closely associated, with Guy's regarded as an annexe or extension to Thomas's. All the arrangements and procedures at St Thomas's were adopted by Guy's, and there were also some joint Governors.
Until the early nineteenth century students at Guy's Hospital were required to serve an apprenticehip of five to seven years, and then 'walk the hospital' as a surgeon's dresser or physician's pupil for six to twelve months. Apprentices, pupils and dressers all attended courses of lectures on anatomy, surgery, midwifery, medicine and chemistry. Teaching was a joint undertaking with nearby St Thomas's Hospital, the two being known as the United Hospitals of the Borough. Students attended operations and lectures at both hospitals. The wards were formally opened to students in 1769 by a Governors' resolution, and marked the beginning of the official union of the schools of the two hospitals. The resolution of the Governors gave an official stamp of approval to existing arrangements, and also proposed that the surgeons of the hospital should occasionally give practical lessons on surgery to the pupils.
In 1770 the Governor's started to build the first lecture theatre attached to Guy's Hospital. Dr Saunders lectured there three times a week on chemistry, materia medica and the practice of medicine. Henry Cline the elder (1750-1827) was the first lecturer to attract a large number of pupils and establish a school of anatomy and surgery at St Thomas's. When the School of the United Hospitals came into existence, St Thomas's delivered the anatomical and surgical lectures, which were those most in demand and for which all pupils were prepared to pay fees. Guy's established courses in medicine, chemistry, botany, physiology and natural philosophy. The pupils were apprentices whose masters had instructed them in physic, and went to the hospital for 6 months to a year to complete their training.
Between 1768 and 1825, during the existence of the School of the United Hospitals, Guy's students attended lectures at St Thomas's or private establishments such as the Windmill Street School. A disagreement with St Thomas's over the appointment of a successor to Sir Astley Cooper as Lecturer in Surgery and Anatomy led to the establishment of an independent medical school at Guy's in 1825. The Governors agreed to erect more buildings for the School, and a large lecture theatre (the Anatomical theatre), museum and dissecting room were built. New hospital wards were built and opened in 1831, and special beds were set aside under the care of the Lecturers of the School for Midwifery and Diseases of Women. An Eye infirmary was also established in a nearby house.
In 1835 the curriculum was increased so as to cover a period of three winter and two summer sessions. Until 1849 there was little real clinical teaching by the medical school. Students' appointments were reorganised in 1849 and clinical teaching time was increased. In 1846 the Medical School introduced a common fee for all students, and the Medical Examining Council, later known as the Medical Council, was established to select which students should become dressers, clinical clerks, assistants and resident obstetric clerks. Guy's Medical School was the first to initiate such a system, and other schools soon followed.
A new dissecting room was built in 1850, with the old room used to enlarge the museum. Two small class rooms were added, one for the use of microscopical anatomy. Practical work was at first confined to clinical subjects and anatomy. Demonstrations in practical chemistry were first held in 1852, and in 1862 classes on the use of the microscope began. The classes gradually evolved into practical histology, and were taken over by the Physiology Department in 1871. Practical classes in botany, comparative anatomy and morbid histology appeared in the school prospectus a little later. A classroom for practical chemistry was added in 1871, and in 1873 the dissecting room was enlarged and additional classrooms provided for histology. A Residential College (Guy's Hospital College) was opened in 1890 by William Gladstone, after the number of resident posts was increased in 1888.
The Dental School was founded in 1889, and was an offshoot of the medical school. A course of dental surgery was given by Thomas Bell, Surgeon Dentist to the Hospital, and Mr Salter in 1855. The first lectures at Guy's on dental surgery were given by Joseph Fox in 1799 with the assistance of Astley Cooper. Frederick Newland-Pedley, who became dental surgeon to Guy's in 1887, campaigned for the establishment of a dental school attached to the Hospital. With the support of the Dean the School Meeting appointed a committee in 1888 which drew up a scheme approved by the Hospital Governors, and the school was opened in 1889. New school buildings to house the Dental School and the departments of physics, chemistry and bacteriology were opened in 1893. The number of students and variety of courses soon meant that the dental school outgrew its premises, and between 1909 and 1911 accommodation in the new outpatients' building and in the medical school was fitted and equipped. The school (as part of Guy's Hospital Medical School) was recognised as a school of the University of London in 1900, and a Board of Studies in Dentistry was formed in 1901. The Board drew up a curriculum and established a degree of Bachelor in Dental Surgery. A department of radiology was established in the Dental School in 1913, and in 1920 the first Dental Sub-Dean was appointed. Chairs were established in Dental Prosthetics in 1935, in Dental Surgery in 1938 and in Dental Medicine in 1946. A clinic for the treatment of chronic periodontal disease was founded by F S Warner, later becoming the Department of Preventative Dentistry.
A fifth year was added to the medical curriculum in 1892, and was an important factor leading to the rebuilding of the Medical School. Between 1896 and 1922 a new building was constructed to house the physiology department, a lectureship in experimental pathology was endowed and a new laboratory equipped. The Pathological Department was also refitted, a new library and museum were built and the school buildings were extended to take in the new departments of anatomy and biology. Sir Cosmo O Bonsor became Treasurer of the Hospital in 1896, and took a keen interest in the medical school, which received several important benefactions.
In 1925 a Board of Governors was created and made responsible directly to the Court, and a School Council established to take responsibility for the administration of the school and policy. In 1934 the Medical Research Committee offered to establish and maintain a Clinical Research Unit at Guy's, which was accepted. On the outbreak of the second world war the pre-clinical departments of the school were transferred to Tunbridge Wells, where a mansion was leased and adapted. The school returned to Guy's in 1944. The first women students at Guy's were admitted in 1947, following the Goodenough Report. Twelve were admitted.
On the foundation of the National Health Service in 1948 the Medical School became a separate legal entity from the Hospital. The Medical Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals reunited as the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals (UMDS) in 1982. The new institution was then enlarged by the amalgamation of the Royal Dental Hospital of London School of Dental Surgery with Guy's Dental School on 1 August 1983 and the addition on the Institute of Dermatology on 1 August 1985. In 1990 King's College London began discussions with the United Schools and, following formal agreement to merge in 1992 and the King's College London Act 1997, the formal merger with UMDS took place on 1 August 1998. The merger created three new schools: the Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Schools of Medicine, of Dentistry and of Biomedical Sciences, and reconfigured part of the former School of Life, Basic Medical & Health Sciences as the new School of Health & Life Sciences.
Important matters of policy and finance were discussed at staff meetings, which were called as the need arose. Originally attended by clinical staff, all senior members of staff were later called to attend. The annual School Meeting, presided over by the Treasurer was attended by all the teachers in the School. At theses meetings the Treasurer made a brief statement of the financial position and announced the value of the 'share' for the preceding year. The 'share' was the method of renumeration of the clinical staff until 1925, when it was replaced by a nominal salary. The accounting system of the medical school was mechanised in 1970.
Guy's Hospital College was a residential College which opened in 1890 after the number of resident posts was increased in 1888.
Educated at Selwyn College Cambridge and Guy's Hospital (entered 1891). Awarded MD Camb, MA MB BCh 1894, BA Natural Science Tripos 1890, MRCS, LRCP London 1894, DPH Durham 1900.
Educated at Guy's Hospital, obtained MRCS, LRCP London, 1893
Born in 1834, entered Guy's Hospital Medical School in 1854/1955, worked as Demonstrator of Anatomy at Guy's following his graduation until c 1866. Practiced as Surgeon in Exeter where he was Surgeon at the West of England Eye Infirmary, and member of staff and Senior Surgeon at the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital. Died in 1902.
Born in 1644 or 1645, at Pritchard's Alley, Fair Street, Horselydown, Southwark the eldest child of Thomas Guy, lighterman and coalmonger, also described as citizen and carpenter. His father, an anabaptist, died When Thomas was eight years old. His mother returned to her native place, Tamworth, Staffs, where she married again in 1661. Thomas Guy was educated at Tamworth. In 1660 he was apprenticed for eight years to John Clarke, bookseller, in Mercers' Hall Porch, Cheapside, London. At the end of his apprenticeship, 1668, he was admitted by servitude a freeman of the Stationers' Company, and of the city, in 1673 he was admitted into the livery of the Stationers' Company. In 1668 he set up in business as a bookseller in the corner house at the junction of Cornhill and Lombard Street, with a stock worth about £200. At this time there was a large unlicensed traffic in English bibles printed in Holland, in which Guy is said to have joined extensively. The king's printers had complained of the infringement of their privilege, and made numerous seizures of Dutch printed bibles. At the same time they were underselling the universities, and trying to drive them out of competition. Before 1679 Guy and Peter Parker came to the aid of Oxford University and became university printers, in association with Bishop Fell and Dr Yates. They printed at Oxford numerous fine bibles, prayer-books, and school classics, and effectually checkmated the king's printers, both in litigation and in business. But certain members of the Stationers' Company succeeded in ousting them from their contract in 1691-2, after a sharp contest. Guy imported type from Holland and sold bibles largely for many years. He also published numerous other books. Having accumulated money he invested it in various government securities, and especially in seamen's pay-tickets. In 1695 Guy became member of parliament for Tamworth, where he had in 1678 founded an almshouse for six poor women, enlarged in 1693 to accommodate fourteen men and women. Guy sat until 1707, when he was rejected, and declined a request from his constituents to stand again. Guy early became somewhat noted as a philanthropist. He had maintained his almshouse in Tamworth entirely himself, and among other benefactions to Tamworth he built a town hall in 1701, which is still standing. Many of his poor and distant relations received stated allowances from him. He spent much money in discharging insolvent debtors and reinstating them in business, and in relieving distressed families. In 1709 he contributed largely for the poor refugees from the palatinate; and often sent friendless persons to St Thomas's Hospital with directions to the steward to give them assistance at his own cost.
In 1704 Guy became a governor of St. Thomas's Hospital, and thereafter was one of its principal and active managers. In 1707 he built and furnished three new wards in the hospital for sixty-four patients, at a cost of £1,000, and from 1708 contributed £100 yearly towards their support. He also improved the stone front and built a new entrance from the Borough, and two new houses at the south-west of the hospital.
In 1720 Guy is said to have possessed £45,500 of the original South Sea Stock. The £100 shares gradually rose. Guy began to sell out at £300, and sold the last of his shares at £600. Having thus a vast fortune he decided to carry out a project long contemplated, of providing for the numerous patients who either could not be received in St. Thomas's Hospital, or were discharged thence as incurable. He consequently in 1721 took a lease from the St. Thomas's governors of a piece of ground opposite the hospital for 999 years, and, having pulled down a number of small houses, began the erection of a hospital on the site in 1722, intending to place it under the same administration. When the building was raised to the second story, he changed his mind and decided to have a separate government. The building, which cost £18,793, was roofed in before the founder's death, which took place on 27 Dec 1724 in his eightieth year.
Guy's will was signed on 4 Sep 1724, and bequeaths lands and tenements in Staffordshire, Warwickshire, and Derbyshire to grandchildren of his deceased sister, about £75,000 in four per cent annuities, mostly in sums of £1,000 to about ninety cousins in various degrees, as well as some persons apparently not relatives, and annuities varying from £10 to £200 per annum to others, mostly older relatives, being the interest on about £22,000 stock. One thousand pounds was left to discharge poor debtors in London, Middlesex, or Surrey, in sums not exceeding £5 each. Four hundred pounds per annum was left to Christ's Hospital for the board and education of four poor children annually, to be nominated by the executors, the governors of Guy's, with preference to Guy's relations. His almshouse and library at Tamworth was left in trust for the maintenance of fourteen poor persons of parishes surrounding Tamworth, excluding the town itself, preference being given to his own poor relations, a portion of the endowment being applied to apprenticing children, and nursing four, six, or eight persons of the families of Wood or Guy; while £1,000 was left to other persons for charitable purposes. The remainder of his fortune, amounting to more than £200,000, was left to Sir Gregory Page, bart., Charles Joye, treasurer of St. Thomas's Hospital, and several other of its governors, including Dr. Richard Mead, to complete his hospital for four hundred sick persons who might not be received into other hospitals from being deemed incurable, or only curable by long treatment; lunatics, up to the number of twenty, were to be received for similar reasons; but full discretion was given to the executors for varying the application of the funds. The executors and trustees were desired to procure an act of parliament incorporating them with other persons named, all governors of St. Thomas's, to the number of fifty, with a president and treasurer; they were to purchase lands, ground rents, or estates with the residuary estate, and maintain the hospital by the proceeds, any surplus to be applied to the benefit of poor sick persons or for other charitable uses. The required act of parliament was obtained in the same year (11 George I, cap. xii.), and gave power to the executors to set up a monument to Guy in the chapel.
John Sebastian Helmcken was born at Whitechapel, London, 1824; educated at St George's German and English School, 1828; apprentice to Dr Graves to train as a chemist and druggist, 1839-1841; student, Guy's Hospital, 1844; first prize for Practical Chemistry and second prize for Materia Medica, 1845; Licentiate of the Apothecaries Company, 1847; won one of the two Pupils Physical prizes; Ship's Surgeon with the Hudson's Bay Company, 1847; made voyages to Hudson's Bay and Bombay, India; admitted to the Royal College of Surgeons, 1848; surgeon for the Hudson's Bay Company emigrants, Vancouver Island, 1850; Hudson's Bay Company surgeon to Fort Rupert in May 1850; appointed magistrate in 1850; maintained private practice in Victoria; member of the first Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island for Esquimalt and Victoria, 1856; Speaker of the Assembly, 1856-1866; elected as a member for Esquimalt/Metchosin, 1860; President of the Board of Directors for the Royal Jubilee Hospital, 1862-1872, as well as serving as Doctor to the Jail; Chief Trader of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1863-1870; Surgeon, Hudson's Bay Company at Victoria, 1863; elected to the Legislative Council of British Columbia for Victoria/Esquimalt, 1866; re-elected to the Legislative Council, 1868; one of three negotiators at Ottawa to negotiate British Columbia's entry into Canada; appointed to the Executive Council of British Columbia, 1869; retired from politics, 1871; continued practicing medicine as physician to the jail until retiring, 1910; President, British Columbia Medical Association, 1885; died, 1920.
Publications include: The reminiscences of Doctor John Sebastian Helmcken edited by Dorothy Blakey Smith (University of British Columbia Press [1975]); To the electors of Esquimalt and Metchosin District. gentlemen, the Legislative Assembly has been dissolved, a general election will shortly ensue [1863?]; To the electors of Esquimalt and Metchosin District. fellow colonists having received an address signed by several of the electors in our district, requesting me again to become a candidate for your suffrage etc [1863?].
Educated at St John's College Cambridge and at Guy's Hospital. Obtained BA Cambridge, MB BCh Camb 1895, FRCS Eng 1902. Entered Guy's Hospital, Sep 1891.
Born in Cambridge, 1845, entered Guy's 1861/62; MD Brux (Honours in Midwifery), 1879; LRCP Lond 1869, MRCS Eng & LM 1865, LSA 1863. Barraclough was Chief Medical Officer during the 1868 Cholera epidemic in London.
Born 4 April 1911, in Herne Hill, educated at Alleyn's School, Dulwich, and Guy's Hospital Medical School, London. He was a gifted student, winning the Treasurer's Medal in both medicine and surgery. Appointed firstly to the Department of Pathology, prior to working as a medical registrar. In 1939, he became Clinical Tutor, but later joined the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving on the hospital ship, Dorsetshire; in the Middle East, and the Military Hospital in Edinburgh.
In 1946, he returned to Guy's Hospital as Physician, and the same year was appointed Director of the Department of Medicine. Mann held the post of Senior Physician, 1963-1976. In 1954, he was appointed Physician to the Royal Household and, Physician to the Queen, 1964-1970. Croonian lecturer 1976; Retired from the hospital in 1976, continuing to practice privately for some years. He died on 25 Jun 2001.
Publications: with John Forbes Clinical examination of patients (1950); edited Conybeare's textbook of medicine (Edinburgh. Churchill Livingstone. 1975); Hippocratic writings edited with an introduction by G.E.R. Lloyd, translated [from the Greek] by J. Chadwick and W.N. Mann ... [et al.] (Harmondsworth. Penguin. 1978); A guide to life assurance underwriting. including a short glossary of medical terms, J.E. Evans and W.N. Mann (London. Stone & Cox. 1981).
Born in Falmouth, Cornwall, 31 January 1798, the son of Eward Osler senior. He was apprenticed to a surgeon at Falmouth, and later attended lectures at Joshua Brookes' Blenheim St School of Anatomy, London and Guy's Hospital Medical School. Became Resident Surgeon at Swansea Infirmary, Wales. He resigned from the infirmary, returned to Falmouth where he wrote poetry, natural history, many hymns, and theology.' Later he moved to Truro, where he was editor of the Royal Cornwall Gazette. Osler died at Truro, Cornwall, 7 March 1863.
Publications: The Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth, Smith, Elder & Co.: London, 1835; The Church and Dissent, considered in their practical influence, (Smith, Elder & Co.: London, 1836); Church and King. Comprising I. Church and Dissent, considered in their practical influence ... II. The Church established in the Bible ... III. The Catechism, explained and illustrated ... IV. Psalms and Hymns in the services and rites of the Church, (Smith, Elder & Co.: London, 1837); The Education of the People: the Bible the foundation, and the Church the teacher. An ... address delivered in the Lecture Room of the Bath General Instruction Society, etc., (Smith, Elder & Co.: London, 1839); The Voyage: a poem: written at sea, and in the West Indies, and illustrated by papers on natural history, (Longman & Co.: London; Falmouth [printed], 1830); and numerous hymns.
Born in London, 1903, the son of Herbert Brock, a master photographer, and his wife, Elvina (nee Carman); educated at Haselridge Road School, Clapham, Christ's Hospital, Horsham. Entered Guy's Hospital Medical School in 1921 with an arts scholarship. Qualified LRCP (Lond.) and MRCS (Eng.) 1926, and graduated MB, BS (Lond.) with honours and distinction in medicine, surgery, and anatomy in 1927. Appointed demonstrator in anatomy and in pathology at Guy's and passed the final FRCS (Eng.) in 1929.
Elected to a Rockefeller travelling fellowship and worked in the surgical department of Evarts Graham at St. Louis, Missouri, 1929-30. Returned to Guy's as surgical registrar and tutor in 1932 and was appointed research fellow of the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. He won the Jacksonian prize of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1935 and was elected a Hunterian professor in 1938. Appointments included consultant thoracic surgeon to the London County Council, 1935-46; surgeon to the Ministry of Pensions at Roehampton Hospital, 1936-45; surgeon to Guy's and the Brompton hospitals 1936-1968. During World War Two he was also thoracic surgeon and regional adviser in thoracic surgery to the Emergency Medical Service in the Guy's region.
At the time when cardiac surgery, and especially operations on the open heart, were developing apace, he played a major part in pioneering the surgical relief of mitral stenosis and of other valvular lesions of the heart. His introduction of the technique of direct correction of pulmonary artery stenosis was certainly inspired by exchange professorships between himself and Dr Alfred Blalock of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore.
Served on the Council of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1949-1967, and as vice-president 1956-8 and president 1963-6, and director of department of surgical sciences established during his presidency. Delivered the Bradshaw lecture in 1957 and the Hunterian oration in 1961. Knighted, 1954 and elevated to a life peerage, 1965.
Awards and honours included President of the Thoracic Society of Great Britain and Ireland in 1952; the Society of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Medical Society of London in 1958. Elected fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1965, and honorary fellow of the American College of Surgeons, 1949; the Brazilian College, 1952; the Australasian College, 1958; the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 1965; the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1966. Recipient of the international Gairdner award, 1960-1, and appointed Lister medallist and orator, 1967. Also received honorary degrees from the universities of Hamburg (1962), Leeds (1965), Cambridge (1968), Guelph and Munich (1972).
Assistant editor of the Guy's Hospital Reports and later editor 1939-1960. He also contributed important papers on cardiac and thoracic surgery to medical and surgical journals and textbooks.
Outside his professional work he had considerable knowledge of old furniture and prints, and of the history of London Bridge and its environs, and was an eager student of medical history. Less well known was his dedication to the complementary interests of private medicine and the NHS, for he served on the governing body of Private Patients Plan and was chairman (1967-77) before becoming its president. He was responsible for the discovery and restoration of an eighteenth-century operating theatre which was formerly in the old St. Thomas's Hospital.
In 1927 married Germaine Louise Ladavèze (died 1978), they had three daughters, In 1979, married Chrissie Palmer Jones. Brock died in Guy's Hospital 3 September 1980.
Publications: The Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree, with special reference to the surgery of lung abscess (Oxford University Press: London, 1946, Second edition 1954); The Life and Work of Astley Cooper (E. & S. Livingstone: Edinburgh & London, 1952); Lung Abscess (Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1952); The Anatomy of Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis (Cassell & Co.: London, 1957); and John Keats and Joseph Severn. the tragedy of the last illness, 1973.
Martin Tupper was the son of John Tupper of the Pollett, Guernsey, and the father of Martin Farquhar Tupper (1810-1889), writer and poet. He entered Guy's Hospital, London, as dresser under Mr Forster, May 1800, having served as apprentice Mr Stocker, Apothecary of Guy's Hospital. He died on 8 Dec 1844, aged 65.
James Tupper entered Guy's Hospital, London, as Dresser under Mr Cline, Sep 1794.
Joshua Waddington, FRCS, entered Guy's Hospital, London, as a pupil, Oct 1815.
Caleb Woodyer entered Guy's Hospital, London, September 1787.
Born, Lancashire, about 1755; pupil of Else at St Thomas's Hospital; Surgeon to the guards; Demonstrator of Anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital, resigned, 1789; Lecturer in Physiology, [1788], and Midwifery with Dr Lowder, St Thomas's and Guy's Hospitals; conducted numerous physiological experiments; M D; Fellow, Royal Society; presided at meetings of the Physical Society at Guy's Hospital; joint editor of Medical Records and Researches, 1798; assisted Dr William Saunders in his Treatise on the Liver, 1793; silver medal of the Medical Society of London, 1790; his nephew, Dr James Blundell began to assist him in his lectures, 1814, and took the entire course from 1818; died, 1823.
Publications include: 'An Attempt to Ascertain the Powers concerned in the Act of Vomiting,' in 'Memoirs of the Medical Society of London' (ii. 250) (1789); A syllabus of the Lectures on Midwifery delivered at Guy's Hospital and at Dr Lowder's and Dr Haighton's Theatre in ... Southwark (London, re-printed 1799); A case of Tic Douloureux ... successfully treated by a division of the affected nerve. An inquiry concerning the true and spurious Cæsarian Operation, etc (1813).
Born, Norwich, 1759; educated at home; began to study botany at eighteen; studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, 1781, studying botany under Dr John Hope; studied in London under John Hunter and Dr William Pitcairn, 1783; purchased the library, manuscripts, herbarium, and natural history collections made by Linnæus and his father; devoted his studies to natural history, mainly botany; Fellow, Royal Society, 1785; travelled on the continent, visiting eminent naturalists, 1786-1787; medical degree, Leyden, 1786; Founder, 1788, President, 1788-1828, Linnean Society; lectured on botany and zoology, 1788; Lecturer on Botany, Guy's Hospital, 1788; published Sowerby's English Botany, 1790-1814; appointed to manage the Queen's herbarium, and teach her and her daughters botany and zoology, 1791; retired to Norwich, 1796; delivered an annual course of lectures at the Royal Institution, [1796]-1825; knighted, 1814; died, 1828.
Publications include: Compendium Floræ Britannicæ (Londini, 1800); Exotic Botany: consisting of coloured figures and scientific descriptions of such new, beautiful, or rare plants as are worthy of cultivation in the gardens of Britain ... The figures by J Sowerby 2 volumes (London, 1804); Remarks on the generic characters of the decandrous papilionaceous plants of New Holland (London, [1804]); An Introduction to physiological and systematical Botany (London, 1807); A Review of the modern state of Botany, with a particular reference to the natural systems of Linnæus and Jussieu. From the second volume of the supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica [Edinburgh, 1817?]; Considerations respecting Cambridge, more particularly relating to its Botanical professorship (London, 1818); A Grammar of Botany, illustrative of artificial, as well as natural classification; with an explanation of Jussieu's system (London, 1821); A Compendium of the English Flora (Longman & Co, London, 1829); The English Flora 5 volumes (London, 1824-36); English Botany, or coloured figures of British Plants. ... The figures by J Sowerby Second edition, edited by J De C Sowerby 12 volumes (London, [1832]-1846).