William Maiden was born in Strood, Kent in 1768. He was apprenticed to Joseph Coventry Lowdell for £100 in 1783. He received his medical education at St Thomas's Hospital and qualified as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1790. At St Thomas's he was a pupil of Sir Astley Cooper. Maiden travelled to Paris where he continued his medical studies in c 1790. He returned in 1792 and succeeded the practice of Mr English at Stratford in Essex. Maiden was the surgeon who treated Mr Thomas Tipple, a gentleman who had received a severe chest injury through being impaled by the shaft of a chaise, in 1812. Mr Tipple recovered and lived for a further 10 years. Maiden published the details of the case due to the disbelief from the medical profession that a patient could survive such an injury. After Mr Tipple's death, his widow requested the body to be examined. The post-mortem was carried out by Sir William Blizard, William Clift, Harkness, and J W K Parkinson. The anterior wall of the chest of Mr Tipple and the shaft itself were presented to the Royal College of Surgeons Museum by William Maiden in 1823. They were destroyed by enemy action in May 1941. He died in 1845.
Alexander John Gaspard Marcet was born in Geneva in 1770. He attended Edinburgh University in 1794 and graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1797. He settled in London, and was admitted a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in 1799. He was also appointed Physician to the City dispensary in 1799. He was appointed Physician to Guy's Hospital in 1804. He was placed in charge of a temporary military hospital at Portsmouth in 1809, after which he returned to London and Guy's Hospital. Upon the death of his father-in-law he came into an ample fortune and began to withdraw from practice and devote himself to science and literature. He resigned his post at Guy's in 1819, and returned to Geneva, being appointed a member of the Representative Council, and an honorary Professor of Chemistry. He gave a course of lectures on Chemistry with Dr de la Rive, in 1820. He returned to England in 1821, and died in 1822. He was a fellow of the Royal and Geographical Societies, and an original promoter of the Medico-Chirurgical Society.
Douglas Wilson, of Bearsden, Glasgow, studied medicine at Glasgow University, finishing MB ChB in 1911. In this year he also registered with the General Medical Council. While living in Glasgow, Wilson was Honorary Surgeon at the Surgical Wards and Throat and Nose Department at the West Infirmary, Glasgow; Honorary Surgeon of the Gynaecological Wards at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow; and Honorary Surgeon of the Indoor Department at the Glasgow Royal Maternity and Women's Hospital. At some point before 1921 Wilson relocated to Wanganui, New Zealand, where he worked in Wanganui Hospital.
James Murie obtained his M D at Glasgow University in 1857. He became Medical Officer in the expedition to support Speke and Grant in 1862, and visited the source of the Nile at Lake Victoria, Nyanza. He was lecturer in anatomy at the Middlesex Hospital. He retired to Leigh-on-Sea, where he became interested in Fisheries.
David Henry Monckton was born in 1829. He studied at King's College Hospital, where he became an Associate. From 1850-1852 he became a Student of Human and Comparative Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons, and acted as Hunterian Professor. He practised at Rugeley, Staffordshire. He was Physician to the Staffordshire General Infirmary, Medical Officer of Health to the Lichfield Rural District, and Surgeon to the Rugeley Convalescent Home, District Hospital, Provident Dispensary and Sister Dora Convalescent Hospital. Monckton carried out a post-mortem examination on Mr Cook, one of the victims of William Palmer MRCS, and gave evidence at the trial in 1856. This was reported in the Illustrated Times. He moved to Maidstone, Kent, and became Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the Maidstone County Volunteer Medical Staff Corps. He died in 1896.
George Henry Hallet was a Student of Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1848-1849. No further biographical information is available.
Henry Vandyke Carter was born in 1831. He studied medicine at St George's Hospital, and became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1853. He was a Student of Human and Comparative Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons, working with Richard Owen and John Thomas Queckett, from 1853-1855. He was a Demonstrater in Anatomy at St George's Hospital until 1857. He worked for Henry Gray on the illustrations of Gray's Anatomy (London, 1858). Carter joined the Bombay Medical Service in 1858, where he served as Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at Grant Medical College, and Assistant-Surgeon in the Jamsetjee Jheejeebhoy Hospital. He was Civil Surgeon at Satara from 1863-1872. He was sent to Kathiawar in 1875, to research leprosy. He was appointed in charge of the Goculdas Tejpal Hospital in Bombay in 1876. He was appointed acting principal of Grant Medical College, and Physician of the Jamsetjee Jheejeebhoy Hospital in 1877. During his time in India, Carter made a number of contributions to tropical pathology including studies in leprosy, mycetoma and relapsing fever. Carter retired in 1888, and was appointed Honorary Deputy Surgeon-General and Honorary Surgeon to the Queen. He died in 1897.
John Lizars Lizars was a Student in Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1853-1855. No other biographical information is available.
Henry Robert Silvester was born in 1829. He was a Student in Human and Comparative Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1855-1856. He attended King's College London and became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1853. He became Doctor of Medicine in 1855, from the University of London. He worked as an associate at King's College and as consulting physician to the Clapham General Dispensary. He was Medical Assistant to the Royal Humane Society and received the golden Fothergill medal in 1883. Silvester invented hypodermic inflation, a method for making men and animals unsinkable.
John Henry Sylvester was born in 1830. He was a Student of Anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons from 1852-1853. He became the Deputy Surgeon General in India serving the Bombay Medical Service and participating in the Persian Campaign, the Indian Mutiny, and the Ambela Campain. He died in 1903.
No biogrpahical information relating to Johannes Mulaimus was available at the time of compilation.
H Frantz made drawings of specimens of congenital dislocation of the hip, at the Musee Dupuytren, Paris. These were reproduced as illustrations in Sir Thomas Fairbank's article "Congenital Dislocation of the Hip", published in the British Journal of Surgery, volume 17, 1929-1930. No other biographical information about Frantz is available.
Sir (Harold Arthur) Thomas Fairbank was an Orthopaedic Surgeon at King's College Hospital. He was President of the British Orthopaedic Association in 1929 when he delivered the lecture on which the above mentioned article is based.
Sir (Harold Arthur) Thomas Fairbank was born in 1876. He was educated at Epsorn College and gained an open scholarship to Charing Cross Hospital. He qualified in 1898 as a doctor and in 1899 as a dentist but, after a house surgeon's appointment at Charing Cross, he volunteered for the South African war and was at Lord Robert's camp at Paardeberg when Cronje surrendered. On his return to England, after achieving his higher surgical qualifications he was appointed resident superintendent at Great Ormond Street Hospital, and became surgical registrar. He was then appointed orthopaedic surgeon to Charing Cross, the first appointment of its kind in London, and also to Great Ormond Street, where his particular study was of congenital dislocation of the hip. In 1914 he visited orthopaedic centres in New York and Boston but, as the holder of a commission in the RAMC (TF), he was mobilised with the 85th Field Ambulance and proceeded to Belgium and France, mostly in the vicinity of Ypres. Later his unit was moved to Macedonia to serve in the Struma valley, and he was appointed consulting surgeon to the British Salonika Force, being awarded the DSO and OBE, and being three times mentioned in dispatches. On returning to England he was invited to take charge of an orthopaedic department at King's College Hospital and to act as consultant orthopaedic surgeon to King Edward VII Hospital for Officers and to the Treloar Hospital at Acton. He was an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and President of its Orthopaedic and Children's sections. As President of the British Orthopaedic Association he was invited to give the Lady Jones Lecture at Liverpool in 1929, and was Robert Jones lecturer at the College in 1938; he was made an honorary MCh(Orth) Liverpool in 1939. On the outbreak of the Second World War he was appointed consultant adviser in orthopaedic surgery to the Ministry of Health, and he was knighted for his services. He died in 1961.
No biographical information was available at the time of compilation.
The Institute of Laryngology and Otology (ILO) was established on the Gray's Inn Road site in 1946 as one of the Federated Postgraduate Institutes of the University of London. These Institutes were set up to undertake specialised research, teaching and training and were associated with the appropriate specialist hospitals. The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital (RNTNE) was the companion hospital for the ILO. In Aug 1987 the ILO was incorporated into University College London (UCL), although the name was protected by statute. The incorporation brought significant advances in terms of co-operation with other departments in UCL but changed the status from independently funded Postgraduate Medical Institute to that of a university department with quite different funding strategies.
Charles Herbert Fagge was born in Lutterworth, Leicestershire, in 1873. He was educated at Oundle School and entered Guy's Hospital Medical School in 1890. He won the gold medal and exhibition for anatomy at the London University intermediate examination in 1895, and the gold medal with a moiety of the exhibition in surgery at the final MB examination in 1897. Two years later he was appointed assistant demonstrator of anatomy in the Medical School at Guy's and was demonstrator and lecturer on the subject from 1906-1910. In 1902 he was made surgeon-in-charge of the aural department in the hospital, a position he held until 1908. He was elected assistant surgeon in 1905, he became surgeon in 1917, and resigned under the age limit in 1933, and was consulting surgeon from that date until his death. Amongst his minor hospital appointments he was surgeon to the Evelina Hospital for Children, and consulting surgeon to the Beckenham Hospital and to St John's Hospital at Blackheath. During the World War One, Fagge was gazetted major, RAMC(T), in 1915, and served at the Hampstead Military Hospital. He was also promoted temporary lieutenant-colonel in 1915, and was attached to the 2nd London General Hospital, acting at the same time as consulting surgeon to the Royal Red Cross Hospital for Officers at Fishmongers Hall, E.C., where he had Lieutenant-Colonel D'Arcy Power, FRCS, as his colleague. He was ordered to France in 1917, with the rank of brevet colonel, but he suffered from dysentery and was invalided home. At the Royal College of Surgeons he was elected an examiner in anatomy in 1909, served as a member of the Court of Examiners 1920-1930 and as a surgical examiner on the Dental Board in 1923. He was a Member of Council 1921-1938, being vice-president in 1929 and 1930. In 1928 he delivered the Bradshaw lecture on 'Axial rotation', and in 1936 he was Hunterian Orator, taking as his subject 'John Hunter to John Hilton'. When the Australasian College of Surgeons obtained a Royal Charter of incorporation the Council of the English College of Surgeons presented it with a great mace as a token of friendship. Fagge was deputed to present it formally and in person. This he did successfully and with much dignity at the inaugural meeting held in the Wilson Hall of Melbourne University on 17 Feb 1932. He also delivered the first Syme Oration at the College. For these services the University of Melbourne conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons elected him an Honorary Fellow. On his return to England he filled the offices of President of the Association of Surgeons of Britain and Ireland in 1933 and President of the surgical section of Royal Society of Medicine in 1932-1933; of the Royal Society of Medicine itself he had been the honorary treasurer from 1914-1920. He developed Parkinson's disease and died in 1939.
Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim was born in Waldheim, Germany, in 1771. He was educated at the University of Leipzig, graduating as Doctor of Medicine in 1798. He was Professor of Natural History, and Librarian at the Central School Mayence from 1799-1803. From 1803 he was Professor and Director of the Museum of Natural History, Moscow, Russia, and was the founder of the Society of Naturalists Moscow in 1808. He died in 1853.
Walter Dickson was a student of medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1841. Currently no other biographical information is available.
George Bennett was born in Plymouth, in 1804. He visited Ceylon and Mauritius in 1819. When he returned to England, he studied medicine in Plymouth and London, and entered the Middlesex Hospital and the Windmill Street School, where his masters were Charles Bell, Herbert Mayo, and Caesar Hawkins. After qualifying he went to New Zealand, and studied coniferous trees including the Thuja pine, the Kawaka of the Maoris. He also found a live Pearly Nautilus in 1829, and sent the unique specimen to his friend Richard Owen, at that time assistant to William Clift at the Royal College of Surgeons' Museum. Owen to wrote a brilliant description of it which was published in 1882. In the Asiatic Journal, he published an account of the Polynesian dialects and of the practice of medicine. Bennett visited Java, Sumatra, Singapore, and China after leaving Australia, and embodied his observations in his well-known work, The Wanderings of a Naturalist in New South Wales, Batavia, Pedir Coast, Singapore and China, published in two volumes by Bentley in 1834. In 1834 he was awarded the Honorary Gold Medal by the Royal College of Surgeons for his discovery of the Pearly Nautilus and for preparations illustrating the developmental history of the kangaroo and ornithorhyncus (platypus). He was elected a Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society of London in 1832. The Zoological Society awarded him its Silver Medal in 1862. Bennett settled in New South Wales after 1834, and began to practise in Sydney in 1836 in order to add to the income (£1OO per annum) derived from the Secretaryship of the Australian Museum Committee, to which he was appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies on the advice of the President of the Royal College of Surgeons and other College authorities. He published his best-known book Gatherings of a Naturalist (1860). It is a store-house of facts as to the natural and general history of Australia. He was appointed an Associate and a Member of the Committee of the Biological Section of the British Association (Aberdeen) in 1859, and held the same positions at the Oxford (1860) and Plymouth (1877) Meetings. He was elected a Member of the Board of Examiners in the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Sydney in 1856, and three years later Professor Harvey dedicated to him Volume II of his Phytologia Australica. In 1860 he was appointed a Member of the Imperial Australian Zoological and Botanical Society. An Acclimatization Society having been formed in Sydney in 1861, he delivered a lecture on 'Acclimatization and its Adaptation to Australia', which was afterwards published by the Melbourne Acclimatization Society and largely distributed in Sydney. He was Honorary Secretary of the Sydney Acclimatization Society from 1868-1871. At the end of his tenure of office a long correspondence was carried on with the Government of India on the subject of the cultivation of silk, and that portion of it which related to New South Wales was published by the Government (1870). Bennett also corresponded with Japan on the same subject, and was sent full information and a collection of choice eggs to found an Australian silk-worm industry. He became a member of the Imperial Society of Cherbourg in 1864 and a corresponding member of the Royal Society of Tasmania. In 1871 he began a search for fossil mammalia and reptilia and discovered many important new specimens in the Queensland drifts. Bennett was awarded the Silver Medal of the Acclimatization Society of Victoria in 1878 in recognition of his services in their cause, and in 1874 he was appointed Honorary Consulting Physician to St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney. He took a trip to Europe in 1877, travelling via North America, and returned in 1879 via Bombay and Ceylon. During this visit he was elected Corresponding Member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, Honorary Member of the Geographical Society of Rome, Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute, and Honorary Corresponding Secretary. He acted as Executive Commissioner representing the Ceylon Government at the Sydney International Exhibition (1879-1880), and in 1882 was elected President of the New South Wales Zoological Society. In 1888 he was elected President of the Natural History Association, and was re-elected in 1891, when the Society was re-named the Field Naturalists' Society of New South Wales. In this year he presented a stained glass window to the Medical School of Sydney University. The Clarke Memorial Medal of the Royal Society (NSW), awarded 'for Meritorious Contributions to the Geology, Mineralogy, or Natural History of Australia to men of science, whether resident in Australia or elsewhere', was bestowed upon him in 1890, and the same year he bequeathed scientific works to the value of over £2000 to the Library of Sydney University. The gift included the valuable works of John Gould, with whom he had been much associated, and whom, with many other leading naturalists, such as Cumming, he often mentions in his letters. For the last ten years of his life Bennett took little active part in the work of his profession, though he continued to act as Co-examiner in Materia Medica and Therapeutics at the University, subjects in which he had always been greatly interested. He died in 1898.
The London Society of Thoracic Surgeons, known as 'Charlie's Club', held it's first meeting on 2 May 1952. The Club was formed for thoracic surgeons to meet annually and report to each other on their mistakes in order to learn from them. The first 'Charlie' or mistake was made by Mr J R Belcher, three years before the first meeting of Charlie's Club. Belcher inadvertently divided the left main bronchus during a lobectomy, and subsequently published a report. The original constitution stated that there should be 15 members of the Club, although this was later extended to 18. The Club met once a year with one member acting as Chairman each year. The original aim was that each member would bring his 2 worst mistakes of the previous year to present at the meeting. Projects for each year were set, and the members would collect statistics on a particular theme, which would then be presented at the meeting, and the results possibly published. The Chairman would usually write the paper for his year in the chair. In 1980, following a fall in attendance, the Club decided that it had reached an end. The last scientific meeting of Charlie's Club took place at St Bartholomew's Hospital on the 1 May 1981. It was decided however that the Charlie's Club Annual Dinner should be continued as a social event for the members. The annual dinners continued for 12 years, the last dinner being held at the Army and Navy Club on 7 May 1992, the 40th anniversary of the Club.
Maurice Henry King was born in Hatton, Ceylon, in 1927. He was educated at Cambridge and St Thomas's Hospital, where he was a Bristowe Medalist in pathology in 1951, and a house physician in 1952. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London in 1971 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1993. He spent 20 years as a doctor in Africa, in Northern Rhodesia, Uganda, Zambia and Kenya, spending five years in each. He started in Africa as a pathologist in 1957, and then moved into public health in 1963. He then began to write books to be used by health workers in the developing world. One of these was Primary Surgery (two volumes) which has been widely acclaimed as a standard work. He was a Medical Officer with the World Health Organisation working in Indonesia, from 1972-1977. He worked for the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) on projects to assemple appropriate technologies in district hospitals, and was based in Kenya, from 1979-1984. King is currently an Honorary Research Fellow of the University of Leeds, and is concerned with demographic entrapment.
Homer Tyrrell Lane was born in America, in 1876. He had experience as an educator at the George Junior Republic. He became Superintendent of the Little Commonwealth, in Evershot, Dorset, England, from 1913-1918. It was a co-educational community run for children and young people, often categorised as delinquents. He was interested in offenders and expressive forms of education, and also worked as a psychotherapist. He pioneered what later became known as 'group therapy' and 'shared responsibility'. He died in 1925.
Charles Ferdinand Keele studied medicine at St Thomas's Hospital, becoming a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1860. Keele's career history included Surgeon to the Royal West India Mail SP Service, House Surgeon and Secretary to the Royal Portsmouth, Portsea and Gosport Hospital, Surgeon to the Jewish Society, and Surgeon to Magdalen Hospital. He is last entered in the Medical Directories in 1929.
Sir Richard Jebb was born in Stratford, Essex, and was baptised there in 1729. He matriculated at Oxford in 1747. He obtained his doctorate of medicine at Marischal College, Aberdeen in 1751. He was admitted a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in 1755. He was physician to the Westminster Hospital in 1754, and physician to St George's Hospital from 1760. He was elected as a permanent physician at St George's in 1962, and resigned his post at Westminster Hospital. He resigned from St Georges in 1768. He was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1771, and delivered the Harveian Oration in 1774. He was a fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian societies, Physician Extraordinary to King George III, and Physician in Ordinary to the Prince of Wales. He died in 1787.
Andrew Francis Jackson was born in Concepción, Chile, in 1880, of Scottish and American parents. After completing his early education in American schools in Concepción and Santiago, he travelled to the United States in 1901 to enter the School of Dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. He graduated in 1904 and entered practice, first in Camden, New Jersey, and then in downtown Philadelphia. He was also a demonstrator in operative dentistry at the University of Pennsylvania Dental School from 1906-1908. He read the Tomes Lectures at the Royal College of Surgeons of London in 1948, and was made a Fellow in Dentistry. He retired in 1962. He died in 1968. Posthumously, Jackson was awarded the Albert H Ketcham Memorial Award for 1964.
George Fordyce was born in Aberdeen in 1736. He was educated in Fouran, and the University of Aberdeen, where he was created Master of Arts at the age of 14. He began training in medicine with his uncle, Dr John Fordyce who practiced at Uppingham. He then went on to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1755 and obtained his Doctor of Medicine in 1758. Fordyce then travelled to London and studied anatomy under Dr William Hunter, and also studied botany at the Chelsea gardens. Fordyce also studied anatomy under Albinus at Leiden in 1759. Upon returning to London, he started a course of lectures on chemistry in 1759, and then added to this courses on materia medica and the practice of physic in 1764. He continued to teach these lectures for nearly thirty years. He became a Licentiate of the College of Physicians in 1765, and was Physician to St Thomas's Hospital from 1770-1802. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1776, and a 'speciali gratia' fellow of the College of Physicians in 1787. He played an important part in compiling the new Pharmacopeia Londinensis, issued in 1788. He was Censor for the Royal College of Physicians in 1787, 1792, and 1800; Gulstonian Lecturer in 1789; and Harveian Orator in 1791. He died in 1802.
Alban Henry Griffith Doran was born in Pembroke Square, Kensington, in 1849. He was educated in Barnes, and entered St Bartholomew's Hospital at 18, where he won many prizes. He served as House Surgeon to Luther Holden, as House Physician, and as Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. He became Assistant in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1878, under Sir William Flower, who he helped with his work as a craniometrist. He became interested in the middle ear in mammals, exploring the mammalian skulls in the Museum and finding a great number of auditory ossicula, which he mounted on glass. The ossicula auditus were exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Society, and a little later a monograph on the subject was published, with engravings by C Berjeau, in the Transactions of the Linnean Society. Doran became Pathological Assistant at the College of Surgeons, and contributed to the compilation of a catalogue of the pathological specimens in the Museum. He became an Assistant Surgeon to the Samaritan Free Hospital for Women in 1877, and worked there for over 30 years. He retired in 1909 returned as a volunteer officer to the Hunterian Museum, where he contributed to re-organising the obstetrical and gynaecological collections. He compiled a descriptive catalogue of the obstetrical and other instruments in the Museum, including the appliances and instruments used by Lord Lister. He died in 1927.
Herbert Markant Page studied to be a doctor of medicine at Brussels in 1882. He had become a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1873 and a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1874. He had also studied Public Health at Cambridge in 1879. His career history included Resident Medical Assistant at the General Hospital, Birmingham; Medical Officer of Health at Redditch Unitary District; and Honorary Surgeon at Smallwood Hospital. He was a member of the British Medical Association; the Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Society; and the Royal Sanitary Institute. He was also a fellow of the Royal Institute of Public Health.
Joseph Black originally studied arts at the University of Glasgow. He switched to study chemistry under the tutelage of William Cullen, and became his assistant. In 1751 Black returned to Edinburgh to complete his medical training, and in 1754 he presented to the faculty his thesis which dealt with the subject of acidity of the stomach. In his thesis he upturned previous notions, by introducing quantitative as well as qualitative analysis into chemistry, and demonstrated the presence of something he called 'fixed air', a gas distinct from air, and which French chemists later called 'carbonic acid gas'. In 1755 Black succeeded Cullen as Professor of Medicine at the University of Glasgow, where he lectured on chemistry and medicine. During this period Black made a further contribution to the advancement of science, through the formulation of the doctrine of latent heat, calorimetry, the first accurate method of measuring heat, and the device itself, the calorimeter. This discovery was backed up by research into the laws of boiling and evaporation, and it was these studies in particular which interested Joseph Black's friend and colleague James Watt, thus laying the foundations for the practical application of steam power. In 1766 Black accepted the chair of chemistry and medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He took a keen interest in industrial developments, such as bleaching, brewing, glassworks, iron-making and furnace construction. In 1767 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and in 1788 became the President of the College.
'Dr Pearson', is probably George Pearson (1751-1828). George Pearson was born in 1751 at Rotherham in Yorkshire. He studied medicine at Edinburgh, Leiden and London, obtaining his doctorate of medicine at Edinburgh in 1774. Pearson was admitted a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in 1784, and was elected as Physician to St George's Hospital in 1787. He lectured on chemistry, material medica and the practice of physic for a number of years. Dr Pearson died in 1828. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and a frequent contributer to the 'Philosophical Transactions'.
Golding Bird was born at Downham, Norfolk in 1814. He was educated at private school and apprenticed to William Pretty, an apothecary in London from 1829-1833. He was a medical student at Guy's Hospital from 1832, where he excelled, achieving the Apothecaries' Company medal for botany and attracting the attention of Addison and Sir Astley Cooper. He assisted Sir Astley Cooper with his work on diseases of the breast. He was licensed to practise by Apothecaries' Hall in 1836. Bird obtained his MD from St Andrews University in 1838, and his MA in 1840. Bird was a lecturer on natural philosophy at Guy's Hospital from 1836-1853, and also a lecturer on medical botany and on urinary pathology. He was physician to the Finsbury Dispensary in 1836. He became a licentiate of the College of Physicians of London in 1840, and a Fellow of the College of Physicians in 1845. He was an assistant physician at Guy's Hospital, and a joint lecturer on materia medica at Guy's Hospital Medical School from 1843-1853. He lectured on materia medica at the College of Physicians in 1847 to 1849. He was a member of the Linnaean and Geological Societies, and a Fellow of the Royal Society. He died in 1854.
Cuthbert Hilton Golding-Bird was born in Myddleton Square, Pentonville, London in 1848, the second son of Golding Bird, MD, FRS. Golding-Bird was educated at Tonbridge School from 1856-1862, and afterwards at King's College School in the Strand and at King's College. He graduated BA at the University of London in 1867, and Won the gold medal in forensic medicine at the MB examination in 1873. Entering the medical school of Guy's Hospital in 1868 he received the first prize for first year students in 1869, the first prize for third year students and the Treasurer's medals for surgery and for medicine in 1873. For a short time he acted as demonstrator of anatomy at Guy's, but on his return from a visit to Paris he was elected assistant surgeon in 1875 and demonstrator of physiology. He held the office of surgeon until 1908, until he resigned at the age of 60, and was made consulting surgeon. At the Royal College of Surgeons Golding-Bird was an examiner in elementary physiology 1884-1886, in physiology 1886-1891, in anatomy and physiology for the Fellowship 1884-1890 and 1892-1895. He was on the Dental Board as Examiner in surgery in 1902, a member of the Court of Examiners 1897-1907, and a member of the Council 1905-1913. He died in 1939.
Henry Bird was educated at St Bartholomew's Hospital. He practised at Cinderford, East Dean, Gloucestershire; the Vicarage, Christow, Exeter; and at Wattisfield, Suffolk. He retired at Wattisfield, but later moved to Oldham. He died in 1892.
The decision to form a surgical club evolved from preliminary meetings held in 1908-1909. A committee was formed, including Mr G Lenthal Cheatle, Mr Charles Ryal, Mr E M Corner, Mr J W Thomson Walker (Honorary Treasurer) and Mr Herbert Paterson (Honorary Secretary). The Surgical Club was formed in 1910, with the purpose of 'social intercourse of those engaged in the active practice of surgery and interested in the promotion of the science and art of surgery, and shall include the demonstration of original work in general and special surgery, the discussion of the same, together with the discussion of points of technique and other matters of scientific and clinical interest' (Surgical Club Rules 1910). Initially, the club was to have twelve members, although this increased over the years, with five additional honorary members. The control of the club rested with a committee made up of three ordinary members, the Treasurer and the Honorary Secretary. The Surgical Club met 5 times a year on the 4th Wednesday of October, November, January, March/April (depending on the date of Easter) and May.
The West London Medico-Chirurgical Society was formed in 1882 on the proposal of Charles Robert Bell Keetley (FRCS). The Society was formed at the West London Hospital in 1882, attended by approximately 50 medical men. The first meeting of the society was on 6 Oct 1882, with the inaugural address given by Dr Hart Vinen, the first President. The purpose of the Society was the cultivation and promotion of the science and practice of medicine, for the use, advantage and association of medical men of the district of west London. The Society announced an annual lecture in 1884, to be called the Cavendish Lecture, after the natural philosopher, Henry Cavendish (1731-1810). Distinquished men of the day were invited to give the lecture, mostly on clinical subjects related to medicine and surgery, with occasional lectures on related subjects. Also in 1884 the Society resolved to publish their Proceedings. In 1896, this became the West London Medical Journal, edited by Mr Percy Dunn, and was published on a quarterly basis. The Society proposed the formation of a library in 1885, where the Proceedings of the Society could be accessed by all members. The Society contained Honorary members and Members. The affairs of the Society were carried out by a governing body of thirty three members, including a President, six honorary vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, two Secretaries, an editor of the Journal, an Editorial Secretary, a Librarian and twelve other Members.
Westminster Hospital was established in 1719 as an infirmary for the poor and sick, expanding in 1721 and 1735. It was named Westminster Hospital from 1760, and moved to a new site at Broad Sanctuary in 1834, where it remained until 1939. For the first hundred years, the physicians acted more as consultants, attending chiefly on Wednesdays when the admissions were made. The Resident Apothecary and his pupil had the most contact with patients. Surgical cases were generally bladder stones or bone diseases.
The Western Friendly Medical Club was formed in 1862 for the purpose of 'establishing and maintaining a sociable and convivial intercourse amongst its' members.' The Club first met on 20 Oct 1862 and drew up its constitution: it was to include twelve members, and would meet on the 1st and 3rd Monday evenings of the month from Oct to Apr. The 5th resolution states: 'That Whist be played from eight until eleven o'clock, after which no rubber is to be commenced under a penalty of five shillings'. The 9th resolution states: 'That tea and coffee be handed round at 8 o'clock, biscuits and wine at 9, and that the supper consist of Sandwiches, Oysters, Ham or Tongue, Salad - with or without a Lobster, Wine and Cup. For any other dishes a fine of 5s.' The club continued to meet for nearly a century, before winding up their activities and donating their possessions to the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1952.
Biographical information was unavailable at the time of compilation.
No biographical information was available at the time of compilation.
James Augustus Rooth studied his degree at Oxford. He became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, London, in 1901, training at St George's Hospital. Rooth was a Civil Surgeon in the South Africa Field Force; Senior Honorary Surgeon at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford; and a Colonel in the Royal Army Medical Corps. He was the doctor present at the birth of the conjoined twins, Violet and Daisy Hilton, known as 'The Brighton Twins', born in Brighton, in 1908. Rooth's last entry in the Medical Directory was in 1963.
Sir Humphry Davy Rolleston was born in Oxford, in 1862. He was educated at Maclaren's School at Summerfield, Oxford; Marlborough College; and St John's College, Cambridge. He took 1st class honours in the Natural Sciences Tripos, parts 1, 1885, and 2, 1886; and was university demonstrator in pathology, anatomy, and physiology. He received his medical training at St Bartholomew's and became assistant physician at St George's, becoming physician in 1898, and eventually emertius physician. After serving as consulting physician for the Imperial Yeomanry, at their hospital at Pretoria, in 1900, he built up a large practice in Upper Brook Street, London. He made his name widely known by editing Allbutt and Rolleston's System of Medicine, 2nd edition, a reference work of enduring value, to which he himself contributed. His Fitzpatrick Lectures, 1933-1934, on the endocrines, were elaborated into an historical study, The endocrine glands, 1936. He was elected the first consultant (for life) to the Army Medical Library at Washington, the central workshop of English-speaking medical scholarship, when he attended as guest of honour at its centenary celebrations, in 1936. He edited The Practitioner, during 1928-1944. He died in 1944.
Harold Burrows was born in India in 1875, the son of Surgeon-Major E P Burrows of the Bombay Army. Harold Burrows was educated at Marlborough and St Bartholomew's Hospital. After qualifying in 1899 he became a prosector at the Royal College of Surgeons and was also an assistant editor of The Hospital. His first surgical appointment was in 1903 at the Bolingbroke Hospital, Wandsworth, and in 1905 he became senior assistant surgeon to the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich. In 1907 he joined the staff of the Royal Portsmouth Hospital. As a Territorial he was mobilised on the outbreak of the 1914-1918 war, served in France with the 20th General Hospital and later became consultant surgeon to the First Army and to the Army of the Rhine, with the rank of Colonel. He was twice mentioned in dispatches and created CBE in 1919. After the war he returned to Portsmouth, where he organised the collection of funds for providing orthopaedic clinics. In 1920 he was awarded the Jacksonian Prize of the Royal College of Surgeons for his essay, The results and treatment of gun shot injuries of the blood vessels. A regular worker in the Library of the Royal College of Surgeons, Burrows was also a Hunterian Professor in 1922, 1933, and 1935. He published two very successful books Pitfalls of Surgery, and Surgical Instruments and Appliances. He became an experimental biologist at the research laboratories of the Royal Cancer Hospital (now the Chester Beatty Research Institute), in 1925. At the age of 63 he was awarded a PhD from London University. His major work The Biological Action of Sex Hormones was published in 1944 when Burrows was 69. He died in 1955.
William Birmingham Costello was born in Dublin in 1800. He was educated locally and moved to London as a consulting surgeon in c 1832. He became a medical superintendant of Wyke House Asylum, near Isleworth. He was a member of the Royal College of Physicians, London and a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. He was the editor of the Cyclopedia of Surgery published in London, in twelve parts from 1841-1843. He was also the editor of Pinel's 'Lectures on Insanity', Medical Times, 1845. Costello spent the latter part of his life in Paris, where he died in 1867.
Sir William Blizard was born at Barn Elms, Surrey in 1743. He was apprenticed to a surgeon at Mortlake, and studied at the London Hospital. He attended the lectures of Sir Percival Pott at St Bartholomew's Hospital. He was appointed surgeon to the London Hospital in 1780 and in 1785 founded the London Hospital Medical School together with Dr MacLaurin. Blizard lectured at the Medical School on Anatomy, Physiology and Surgery, and improved the London Hospital. He attached importance to the observance of ceremony, for which he was often mocked. Blizard was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1787, and was Master of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1814, and President in 1822. Blizard had a considerable practice, and attended Batson's Coffee House in Cornhill to await consultations. He died in 1836.
The name Samuel Helbert Israel [?] is inscribed at the top of the title page, possibly indicating the author of the lecture notes. P I and R V Wallis in Eighteenth Century Medics (1988), list a Samuel H Israel as a surgeon in London in the 18th and 19th centuries. He was apprenticed to Thomas Blizard (Sir William Blizard's nephew and also a surgeon at the London Hospital) in 1802.
Charles Spence Bate was born at Trenick House, near Truro, Cornwall, in 1819. Charles Spence Bate practised dentistry at Swansea from 1841-1851, and then practised at Plymouth. During his career, Bate was Secretary and President of the Plymouth Institution, President of the Odontological Society and an Honorary Member of the Dublin Natural History Society. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1854, a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1860, and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1861. Bate published 'On the Development of Decapod Crustacea' in the Philosophical Transactions, 1857. He was an eminent zoologist, and became known as an authority in Crustacea. He died in 1889.
The register of midwifery cases was possibly compiled by Thomas Ballard, an obstetrician practising in Southwick Place, Hyde Park, London. Ballard became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1843, and licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1844. He studied at St Georges Hosptial, and obtained his doctorate from St Andrews University in 1862. Ballard was a member of the Harveian Society, a fellow of the Royal Medical Chirurgical and Obstetrical Society, and a member of the Pathological Society.
Charles John Bond was born in Bittersby, Leicestershire, in 1856. He was educated at Repton from 1871-1973, was engaged in farming for a few months, and entered the Leicester Infirmary as a pupil in 1875. He went to University College London, in 1875, where he won the gold medals in physiology and anatomy, the silver medals in surgery, midwifery, and forensic medicine, and was an assistant demonstrator of anatomy. He was house surgeon from Bedford General Infirmary from 1879, until he was appointed resident house surgeon at the Leicester Royal Infirmary in 1882. Here he was surgeon from 1886-1912, when he resigned and was appointed consulting surgeon and vice-president. He acted as chairman of the drug and medical stores committee of the infirmary from 1925-1932. He retired from private practice in 1912 but retained his hospital appointment. During World War One he was gazetted temporary honorary colonel in 1915, was appointed consulting surgeon to the military hospital in the Northern command, and was the representative of the Medical Research Council on the inter-allied committee on the treatment of war wounds. The meetings of the committee were held at Paris from 1916-1918. After the War he served on Leicester city council for two years; was a member of the Leicester health insurance committee from 1918-1920; and on the advisory council of the National Insurance Committee; and was president of the Literary and Philosophical Society in 1901 and again in 1935. For his civic work he was rewarded in 1925 with the freedom of the city of Leicester, and in 1924 he became a Fellow of University College. In 1928 he gave the Calton memorial lecture on 'Racial Decay'. His friendship with Charles Killick Millard, MD Ed, medical officer of health for Leicester, led him to take an active part in launching the Voluntary Euthanasia Legalisation Society. For eight years he was a member of the Industrial Fatigue Research Board; of the Departmental Commissions on cancer and blindness; and the Trevithin committee on the prevention of venereal disease. He died in 1939.
Raymond Anthony Russell was born in 1922. He was educated at Eton College, Berkshire, and then at Downing College, Cambridge. He gained the rank of Captain in the Royal Fusiliers in 1945. He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (FSA) and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS). He died in 1964.
Gilbert the Englishman [Gilbertus Anglicus, Gilbertus de Aquila, Gilbert de l'Egle] was the author of Compendium Medicinae, an important medical and surgical work of the Middle Ages. It was originally written in Latin with excerpts translated into New High German, Hebrew, Catalan and Middle English. Little is known for certain about Gilbert's life, and he has been confused with other contemporaries of the same, or similar, name. He is likely to have been the Gilbert del Egle, physician, who witnessed a charter of Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1205. He is also likely to have been the Magister Gillbertus del Egle who attended the Archbishop on his deathbed. Other sources suggest that at about that time Gilbert was in the service of Robert de Breteuil, Earl of Leicester (d 1204). He is also thought to have received an ecclesiastical income and may have witnessed a charter as King John's physician, c 1207. The composition of the Compendium, which from his use of Arabic sources indicates he cannot have completed before c 1230-1240, suggests he may have attended a more sophisticated centre of medical and philosophical learning, eg Paris, Montpellier, Salerno, than could be found in England at that time. Gilbert's very early reference of Averroes (Abû 'l-Walîd Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd), as well as his association with Gilles de Corbeil and Richard of Wendover, point to his presence at Montpellier. Gilbert's Compendium covers all aspects of medicine and surgery as well as some of religious healing and the use of prayers and charms. It is divided into seven books dealing with fevers, the head, sense organs, organs of respiration, organs of digestion, the humours and in the last book diseases of women as well as advice for travellers, how to light fires and antidotes to poisons.
Trotula of Salerno lived in the 11th or 12th century in Salerno, Southern Italy. She is thought to have occupied the chair of medicine at the School of Salerno. Trotula was one of the most famous physicians of that time, with her main interests in alleviating the suffering of women. Her most notable medical works were Passionibus Mulierum Curandorum (The Diseases of Women), known as Trotula Major, and De Ornatu Mulierum known as Trotula Minor. Trotula Major contains information about menses, conception, pregnancy, childbirth, and general diseases and their treatments. Remedies usually consist of herbs, spices, and oils. The identity of Trotula of Salerno has caused some controversy, with some scholars disputing her existence, or that she was a woman.
Albert Wilson was born in Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1954. He was educated at the Friend's School, York and Edinburgh University where he was awarded the Gold Medal for his thesis on heart diseases. Wilson also visited the Universities of Paris, Vienna, Berlin and St Petersburg. He qualified as a doctor in 1878, becoming a house surgeon at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and resident physician to the Cowgate Dispensary. He moved to London, and after running a city practice, became medical officer at the Walthamstow Branch of the Essex Asylum. He was interested in psychology and more specifically criminal psychology. Wilson served with the French Red Cross during World War One. He died at Fairwarp, near Uckfield, in 1928.
William Rutherford Sanders was born in 1828. He was a Scottish physician. He was lecturer in medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1853, and was Professor of Pathology from 1869. He was also Physician at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. He died in 1881.
John Browne was born in 1642, possibly in Norwich. He studied at St Thomas's Hospital under Thomas Hollyer, and then served as a surgeon in the Navy. He settled at Norwich and in 1677 published his book on tumours. After this he relocated to London, becoming surgeon in ordinary to King Charles II. The King then supported Browne in his application for a post at St Thomas's. After a disagreement with the governers at the hospital the surgeons at St Thomas's, including Browne, were replaced. His appeals for reinstatement were not successful. He continued in the service of the monarchy and was surgeon to William III. His publications included one on the method used by Charles II on touching for the King's Evil, a treatise on wounds, and a treatise on the muscles of the human body published in 1681. This consisted of six lectures illustrated by copper plates. The text of the volume is probably based on William Molins' Myskotomia (1648), and the copper plates are probably based on Giulio Casserio's Tabulae anatomicae LXXIIX (1627).
Sir Charles Alfred Ballance was born in Clapton, Middlesex, in 1856. He was educated at Taunton College under the Rev William Tuckwell, and afterwards in Germany. He entered St Thomas's Hospital where he served as house-surgeon and was for a time demonstrator of anatomy. At the University of London he gained one of the gold medals at the examination for the BS in 1881. He was appointed aural surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital in 1888. He quickly developed the department, practically and scientifically. He was among the first to perform the radical mastoid operation with ligation of the jugular vein and drainage of the lateral sinus. He further improved the operation by lining the cavity in the mastoid with an epithelial graft. He was made assistant surgeon in 1891, and surgeon in 1900. He held office until 1919 when he resigned and was appointed consulting surgeon. He was also elected surgeon to the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic in Queen Square, Bloomsbury, 1891-1908. He was chief surgeon to the Metropolitan Police, 1912-1926. Having already accepted a commission as captain a la suite, to which he was gazetted in 1908, in the newly formed RAMC branch of the territorial force, Ballance was called up on the outbreak of World War One, and attached to the second London (City) general hospital. He was promoted temporary colonel AMS in 1915 and was ordered to proceed to the Near East. Here he was posted as consulting surgeon at Malta with Sir Charters Symonds, FRCS as his colleague. The two surgeons organised, supervised, and inspired with enthusiasm the large number of emergency hospitals required during the Gallipoli campaign. For his services he was given an honorary MD by the University of Malta, became a Knight of Grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, was decorated CB (military) in 1916, and was made a KCMG in 1918. At the Royal College of Surgeons, Ballance was an examiner in anatomy, 1887-1891; a member of the Court of Examiners from 1900-1919; served on the Council, 1910-1926; and was a vice president in 1920. He was Erasmus Wilson lecturer, 1888-1889; Bradshaw lecturer, 1919; Vicary lecturer, 1921; Lister memorial lecturer, 1933, and received the Lister memorial medal for his distinguished contributions to surgical science. Finally he gave the Macewen memorial lecture at Glasgow. He served as President of the Medical Society of London in 1906 and was the first President of the newly founded Society of British Neurological Surgeons in 1927. He only held office for a year, but on resigning he was elected honorary president. He died in 1936.
Sir Herbert Atkinson Barker was born in Southport, in 1869. He was educated in the grammar school at Kirkby Lonsdale, and then visited Canada for his health. On his return he was apprenticed to his cousin, John Atkinson, the bone-setter of Park Lane. Before he was twenty-one Barker set up practice on his own, and was successful in Manchester and Glasgow before he established himself in London. He soon fell foul of the medical profession which does not look kindly on people who practice without having received the traditional education of a teaching hospital, an attitude partly excused by the sincere wish to protect the public from quacks professing to cure disease. However Barker did cure patients, many of whom had failed to obtain relief from qualified doctors. Barker had many journalistic friends, such as R D Blumenfeld, to press his claims, and many of the patients whom he cured were well known in sporting and public life. The controversy reached its height after 1911 when Dr F W Axham was struck off the register for acting as anaesthetist for Barker. This action made Barker more popular with the public, and he gained further sympathy in 1917 when the refusal of his offer to treat soldiers was discussed in Parliament. It was eventually conceded that men might consult an unqualified person on their own responsibility. By this time many eminent people, including leading medical men, were seeking some sort of recognition of Barker's skill. The Archbishop of Canterbury in 1920 was asked to exercise his special powers and bestow on Barker the degree of doctor of medicine. Finally, Barker was knighted in 1922. He retired from regular practice soon afterwards and thereafter spent much of his time on the continent and in the Channel Islands. The animosity of the doctors gradually died down, and in 1936 Barker gave a demonstration of his skill before the British Orthopaedic Association at St Thomas's Hospital. Barker did make a contribution to humanity, not only in relieving suffering but also in stimulating doctors to make more use of this form of therapy. In 1941 he was elected as a manipulative surgeon to Noble's Hospital in the Isle of Man. There had been many bone-setters before Barker, but none attained his eminence. Barker had remarkable success and seemed to have the gift of healing. Experience taught him which patients were unlikely to benefit by his treatment, and his doctor friends were often inundated with patients, mostly incurable, sent to them by Barker. He died in 1950.