Born, Büdingen, Germany, 1829; met the chemist Julius Liebig in 1847; medical student, University of Giessen, 1847; worked in Liebig's laboratory, developing a keen interest in biological chemistry; emigrated to London, 1853, during the war between Prussia and Denmark; physician at St Pancras Dispensary, 1856; practiced medicine throughout his life as an otologist and rhinologist; invented a nasal speculum; lecturer in chemistry at the Grosvenor Place School of Medicine, 1858; later director of a pathological and chemical laboratory; published his first book on the analysis of urine, 1858; Lecturer on Pathological Chemistry at St Thomas's Hospital, 1865; chemist to the medical department of the Privy Council, 1866; began to investigate the effects of cholera on the brain and research into his major original work on the chemical constitution of the brain; discovered hematoporphyria, the brain cephalius, galactose, glucose, lactic acid, cerebranic sulfatides and many other chemicals, conducted research in his private laboratory from 1871; published the first English edition of Treatise on the chemical constitution of the brain, 1884; a controversial figure and many colleagues disputed his findings; considered to be the founder of neurochemistry; died, London, 1901.
Publications: Treatise on the chemical constitution of the brain (Baillière, Tindall and Cox, London, 1884); The progress of Medical Chemistry. comprising its application to: Physiology, pathology and the practice of medicine (Bailliere, Tindall and Cox., 1896); some 80 major scientific publications.
John Newton Tomkins was a medical student at St Thomas's Hospital in 1831-1834.
Jonathan Toogood was a surgeon, a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and one of the founders of the Bridgewater Infirmary in 1813. He retired to Torquay in the 1860s and died in 1869.
Publications include: Hints to Mothers and other persons interested in the management of females at the age of puberty (London, 1845); Illustrations of the Fraud and Folly of Homeopathy (London, 1848); Medical Toogoodism and Homeopathy. Extracted from the British Journal of Homeopathy (London, 1849); Reminiscences of a Medical Life, with cases and practical illustrations (Taunton, 1853).
Thomas S Basnett, entered as a pupil at St Thomas's Hospital, 29 Sep 1775. He appears to have practiced as a surgeon in Nottingham.
Joseph Else was Surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital, London from 1768 to 1780. He was appointed Lecturer in Anatomy and Surgery in 1768 on the unification of the medical schools of St Thomas's and Guy's Hospitals.
Publications: An essay on the cure of the hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis (London, 1770); The works of ... J. E., ... containing a treatise on the hydrocele, and other papers on different subjects in surgery. To which is added, an appendix, containing some cases of hydrocele ... by G Vaux (London, 1782); [An account of a successful method of treating sore legs.] Méthode avantageuse de traiter les ulcères des jambes in [Surgical tracts, containing a treatise upon ulcers of the legs.] Traité sur les ulcères des jambes, etc by Michael Underwood M D pp 217-228 (1744 [1784]).
James Yates was born at Toxteth Park, near Liverpool, on 30 April 1789, the son of a minister. He went in 1805 to Glasgow University and in 1808 to Manchester College, followed by York College, to study Divinity. In 1810 he attended Edinburgh University, followed by Glasgow University again in 1811. He became the unordained minister of a Unitarian congregation in October 1811 and graduated MA from Glasgow in 1812. With Thomas Southwood Smith, he founded the Scottish Unitarian Association in 1813. He published his 'Vindication of Unitarianism' in 1815. In 1817 he succeeded Joshua Toulmin as colleague to John Kentish at the new meeting, Birmingham, a post which he resigned at the end of 1825, and for a time left the ministry. In 1827 he spent a semester at the University of Berlin, as a student of classical philology. He was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society, 1819; Linnean Society, 1822; Royal Society, 1831; and appointed secretary to the Council of the British Association, 1831. In the same year he was elected a trustee of Dr Williams' foundations (resigned 1861). In 1832 he succeeded John Scott Porter as minister of Carter Lane Chapel, Doctors' Commons, London. He issued in 1833 proposals for an organisation of the Unitarian congregations of Great Britain on the Presbyterian model: the plan did not come to fruition. Soon after 1836 he left the ministry and, being unordained, became a lay minister. His interest in denominational history and controversy was unabated. Yates contributed much material to Sir William Smith's 'Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities', published in 1842, and numerous papers on archaeological subjects to the learned societies of London and Liverpool. He died at Lauderdale House, Highgate, on 7 May 1871, and was buried at Highgate cemetery. In his will he left endowments for Chairs at University College London.
Albert Pollard was born in Ryde on 16 December 1869. He went to Jesus College Oxford and achieved a first class honours in Modern History in 1891. He became Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography in 1893. He was Professor of Constitutional History at University College London from 1903 to 1931. He was a member of the Royal Historical Manuscripts Commission, and founder of the the Historical Association, 1906. He was Editor of History, 1916-1922, and of the Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 1923-1939. He published 500 articles in the Dictionary of National Biography, and many other books and papers concerning history. Pollard died on 3 August 1948.
Ernest Gardner was born in London. He was educated in London and Caius College Cambridge. From 1884 he was continuously employed in archaeological work, excavation, study and teaching, on many sites, especially in Greece. From 1887 to 1895 he was Director of the British School of Archaeology at Athens. He was Yates Professor of Archaeology at University College London from 1896 to 1929. Gardner published many writings on archaeology, with emphasis on Greek art, archaeology and excavations.
Miers was born in Rio de Janeiro on 25 May 1858. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College Oxford. In 1882 he joined the British Museum as an Assistant, a post he held till 1895; he was also an Instructor in Crystallography at the Central Technical College in South Kensington from 1886 to 1895. Miers became Editor of the Mineralogical Magazine, 1891-1900. From 1895 to 1908 he was Waynflete Professor of Mineralogy at Oxford. He was Principal of the University of London from 1908 to 1915; and also Vice-Chancellor of the University of Manchester and Professor of Crystallography, 1915-1926. Miers was Vice-President of the Chemical Society, 1901-1904; of the Geological Society, 1902-1904; and of the Royal Society of Arts, 1913. He was President of the Mineralogical Society, 1904-1909; President of the Museums Association, 1928-1933; Library Association, 1932; and the Council of the Royal Society, 1901-1903. He was a trustee of the British Museum, 1926-1939. Throughout his life, Miers published numerous scientific papers. He died on 10 December 1942.
No information could be found at the time of compilation.
Oliver Lodge studied at University College London from 1874 to 1881. During this time he assisted George Carey Foster in the teaching of physics. From 1876 he also taught physics and later chemistry at Bedford College London. He received his DSc in 1877 and in 1881 was appointed Professor of Physics and Mathematics at University College Liverpool. He was awarded the Rumford Medal by the Royal Society in 1898 and in 1900 became Principal of Birmingham University.
John Marshall was a student in the Faculty of Arts at University College London from 1874 to 1876. He studied comparative philology and became a philologist.
Written in England.
Henry Meen: a native of Norfolk; entered Emmanuel College Cambridge, 1761; graduated BA, 1766; MA, 1769; BD, 1776; Fellow of Emmanuel College; ordained; appointed to a minor canonry in St Paul's Cathedral; instituted to the rectory of St Nicholas Cole Abbey, with St Nicholas Olave, London, 1792; collated as prebendary of Twyford in St Paul's Cathedral, 1795; also held the office of lecturer there; obtained no other preferment, these posts leaving him ample time for literary pursuits; studied the writings of Lycophron, and proposed undertaking an edition of Lycophron's works; his criticisms on Lycophron appeared in the 'European Magazine', 1796-1813, but his complete translation was never published; died at the rectory, Bread Street Hill, London, 1817. Publications: while an undergraduate, published a poem in blank verse, 'Happiness, a Poetical Essay' (London, 1766); revised and completed the Revd Francis Fawkes's unfinished translation of 'Apollonius Rhodius' (1780), annexing his own version of Colothus's 'Rape of Helen, or the Origin of the Trojan War', afterwards also published elsewhere; 'A Sermon before the Association of Volunteers' (1782); 'Remarks on the Cassandra of Lycophron' (1800); collected the poems of Elizabeth Scot, 'Alonzo and Cora' (1801); 'Succisivae Operae, or Selections from Ancient Writers, with Translations and Notes' (1815).Gilbert Wakefield: an associate of Henry Meen; born in the parsonage house of St Nicholas, Nottingham, 1756; educated at the free schools of Nottingham and Kingston; obtained a scholarship at Jesus College Cambridge, 1772; followed a distinguished university career; elected Fellow of his college; ordained deacon, 1778; curate at Stockport and Liverpool; endeavoured to rouse public opinion against the slave trade; studied theology, which led him to adopt Unitarian doctrines; resigned his curacy; married and vacated his Fellowship, 1779; never formally connected with any dissenting body; classical tutor at the liberal Warrington Academy, 1779-1783; moved to Bramcote, near Nottingham, 1783; later moved to Richmond, Surrey, and to Nottingham; intended to take on private pupils, but these were not numerous; left Nottingham and became classical tutor in the newly established dissenting college in Hackney, 1790; resigned, 1791; continued to reside at Hackney, and devoted himself to scholarship; his political opinions were increasingly radical, and he sometimes defended them impulsively; Wakefield's 'Reply' to the tract of Richard Watson, Bishop of Llandaff ( 'Address to the People of Great Britain', 1798, which defended Pitt, the war, and the new income tax), opposing the war and contemporary civil and ecclesiastical system and accusing the bishop of absenteeism and pluralism, brought a prosecution for seditious libel; Wakefield defended himself, but was convicted and sentenced to two years' imprisonment in Dorchester gaol, 1799; corresponded with Charles James Fox, and pursued his scholarly work; released, 1801; returned to Hackney, but died of typhus fever soon after; buried in St Mary Magdalene's Church, Richmond. Publications: editions of classical works; New Testament translations; many tracts and pamphlets on religious and political subjects.
Unknown.
Fragments of medieval and early modern manuscripts on parchment can commonly be found inside the binding of printed works. This method of recycling was a common practice between the medieval period and the 17th century, when manuscripts superseded by printed editions were sold to printers and bookbinders. Medieval manuscripts are often visually appealing and parchment was robust but expensive, so folios from manuscripts were recycled for use as decorative covers and endpapers or to reinforce the binding of new printed works.
Written in Germany.
John Nider (Johannes Nieder): born in Swabia, 1380; entered the Order of Preachers at Colmar; sent to Vienna for philosophical studies; finished his studies and was ordained at Cologne; active at the Council of Constance; returned to Vienna and taught as Master of Theology, 1425; prior of the Dominican convent at Nuremberg, 1427; served successively as socius to his master general and vicar of the reformed convents of the German province, in which capacity he maintained an earlier reputation as a reformer; prior of the convent of strict observance at Basle, 1431; became identified with the Council of Basle as theologian and legate; made embassies to the Hussites at the command of Cardinal Julian; as legate of the Council, succeeded in pacifying the Bohemians; travelled to Ratisbon to effect further reconciliation with them, 1434; proceeded to Vienna to continue reforming the convents; in dicussions following the dissolution of the Couneil of Basle joined the party in favour of continuing the Council in Germany, but abandoned it when the Pope remained firmly opposed; resumed his theological lectures at Vienna, 1436; twice elected dean of the University; author of various treatises, including (in German) the 'Goldene Harfen' (24 Golden Harps), based on the Collations of Cassianus; died at Colmar, 1438.
From the charterhouse 'zu Yttingen' (Ittingen, Thurgau, Switzerland).
Grágás consituted the legal code of medieval Iceland. It was memorized and proclaimed at annual meetings of the national assembly. From the early 12th century scribes made written records of these older laws. Among these manuscripts of medieval Icelandic laws are two known collectively as Grágás (Grey Goose), a title of uncertain origin.
Livorno (in English Leghorn) in Tuscany, central Italy, is a port on the Ligurian Sea. It came under the rule of the Florentine Medici family, and Ferdinand I, grand duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, gave asylum to many refugees, including Jews from Spain and Portugal. Pisa in Tuscany, central Italy, lies on the alluvial plain of the Arno River c6 miles from the Ligurian Sea.
Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini: born in Terranuova, Tuscany, Italy, 1380; humanist and calligrapher, who rediscovered classical Latin manuscripts in European monastic libraries; died in Florence, 1459. This manuscript may have been written in Germany.
Written in Italy.
Luis De Molina: born at Cuenca, Spain, 1535; became a Jesuit at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, 1553; studied philosophy and theology at Coimbra, 1554-1562; taught at Coimbra, 1563-1567; taught at Évora, 1568-1583; spent his last years writing; devised the theological system of Molinism, which aimed to show that man's will remains free under the action of divine grace; died at Madrid, 1600.
John Peckham: educated at Oxford and Paris; a Franciscan; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1279; a prolific author of treatises on science and theology, including his work 'Perspectiva Communis' (on principles of optics, which was printed at Milan, 1482, and in many later editions) and of poetry; died, 1292. This manuscript was written in England.
The author of the text is presumably Nicolas Perron, a French writer who published various texts on Islamic culture, literature and law, 1825-1870, with the following published posthumously: L'Islamisme: son institution, son influence et son avenir, par le Dr Perron: ouvrage posthume, publié et annoté par son neveu Alfred Clerc (1877); Balance de la loi musulmane; ou, Esprit de la législation islamique et divergences de ses quatre rites jurisprudentiels ... Traduit de l'arabe par le Dr Perron, ed J D Luciani (Alger, 1898); Lettres du Dr Perron du Caire et d'Alexandrie à M Jules Mohl, à Paris, 1838-1854, ed Yacoub Artin (Le Caire, 1911); Maliki Law being a summary from French translations [by Perron, Seignette, & Zeys] of the Mukhtasar of Sidi Khalil, with notes and bibliography by F H Ruxton ... Published by order of Sir F D Lugard ... Governor-General of Nigeria (London, 1916).
Born, 1917; educated, Canford and Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, -1943; House Surgeon, Senior House Surgeon and Chief Assistant to the Orthopaedic Unit, Hill End Hospital (St Bartholomew's Hospital), 1943-1946; Registrar to the Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Hill End Hospital, 1946-; demonstrator , Anatomy Department of the London School of Medicine for Women (now the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine), 1946; Visiting Professor at Iowa State University; Reader, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine; helped set up the Unit of Primatology at Royal Free Hospital; Director of the Primate Biology Program of the US National Museum, Smithsonian Institution; Director of a similar unit at Queen Elizabeth College, University of London; Visiting Professorship of Primate Biology at Birkbeck College, University of London; founder of the Primate Society of Great Britain; died, 1987.
Paget was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1895. He was Secretary to the Patent Law Committee, 1900; Secretary to the University College Transfer Commission, 1905; Assistant Secretary to the Admiralty Board of Invention and Research, 1915-1918; and President of the British Deaf and Dumb Association, 1953. He published many writings on human speech and language.
On 20 March 1890 the Peruvian Corporation Ltd was registered under the Companies Act, with a Board of Directors of ten members under the Chairmanship of Sir Alfred Dent. G A Ollard, of Smiles and Co Solicitors, was Manager in London, and T E Webb was Secretary, with Clinton Dawkins as the first representative in Peru. The Corporation was founded to cancel the Peruvian external debt and to release the Government of Peru from loans it had taken out through bondholders in 1869, 1870 and 1872, to finance railway construction. On 20 June 1907 the Government made a new contract with the Corporation whereby the Corporation was to construct three railway lines by September 1908. In return, the life of the concession was extended for a further 17 years. After these lines had been built, the Peruvian Corporation practically ceased building additional mileage, and subsequent construction was undertaken almost entirely by the Peruvian Government. By an agreement of 1928 the railways became the absolute property of the Corporation, subject to the surrender by the Corporation of their right to export guano, and the remaining annual payments due from the Government, and to the Corporation's making a payment of £247,000. A new arrangement was prepared in 1955, whereby a company incorporated in Canada as the 'Peruvian Transport Corporation Ltd' would acquire and hold all the outstanding share capital of the Peruvian Corporation Ltd. The Peruvian National Railways (Empresa Nacional de Ferrocarriles del Peru - ENAFER) were formed in September 1972, and taken over by the Government in December of that year.
Max Plowman was born on 1 September 1883 at Northumberland Park, Tottenham, and was educated at various private schools. From 1937 to 1938 he was Secretary of the Peace Pledge Union. He was the Editor of The Adelphi from 1938. Plowman married Dorothy Lloyd Sulman in 1914 and had one son. Plowman died on 3 June 1941. Publications: four books of verse; War and the creative impulse (1919); Introduction to the study of Blake (1927); A subaltern on the Somme (by Mark VII) (1928); and The faith called pacifism (1936).
This British milling company in Chile was in existence from 1913 to 1971. It was at one time a subsidiary of Balfour Williamson & Company, and was later taken over by the Bank of London and South America. The Santa Rosa Milling Company took over some other milling companies during its lifetime. The company went into voluntary liquidation in 1971.
The Shakespeare Association was set up in 1914. One of the founders was Charlotte Carmichael Stopes. The association organised lectures on Shakespeare and drama.
The Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews was founded on 15 February 1809, with only one missionary in London. By its centenary in 1909, the Society had 222 workers in various parts of the world - Europe, Asia, Africa and the United States of America - and many were converts from Judaism. The Society also set up mission schools for Jewish children. The Society produced two monthly publications, Jewish Missionary Intelligence and Jewish Missionary Advocate, and a quarterly publication, Quarterly Notes.
William Townsend was born in Wandsworth and educated at Simon Langton School in Canterbury. From 1926 to 1930 he attended the Slade School of Fine Art. He lived in Canterbury and later Bridge from 1925 to 1946. From 1946 to 1949 he taught part-time at the Camberwell School of Art and then joined the staff of the Slade School in 1949. He was Professor of Fine Art at University College London from 1968 to 1973. He visited Canada many times during his life on art tours. In 1970 he was editor and part author of Canadian Painting Today, published in London and New York. He held many exhibitions in London and Canada and had work included in many galleries.
University College London was formally founded as the University of London on 11 February 1826. It was the first university to be established in London, and the first in England to allow secular admission. Despite efforts by founding members, it did not initially receive a Royal Charter, so was set up as a joint stock company selling shares at £100 each. From the initial group of shareholders 24 men were elected to form the university Council. Before academic sessions commenced in 1828, the Council established a competition for architects to propose a building design. The winning entry was awarded to William Wilkins and the foundation stone was laid during a ceremony on 30 April 1827. Work on the building was completed in stages, with the final additions being finished in 1977.
Initially 24 professors were appointed as the first teaching body of the university and inaugural British professorships in Modern Foreign Languages, English Language and Literature and Law were founded. Expensive building work and relatively small student numbers meant that the newly formed university struggled financially in its first few years of existence. However, development on site continued with the University College School founded in 1830 and the North London Hospital opened for the university’s medical students in 1834.
On 28 November 1836 the university received its Royal Charter and was renamed University College London (UCL). On the same day, a new University of London was established with the power to award degrees in medicine, arts and laws, to students from both UCL and King's College London. The following year the North London Hospital changed its name to University College Hospital (UCH), which it would remain until it became part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Trust in 1994.
In 1869 the first series of 'lectures for ladies' was given at UCL, under the auspices of the London Ladies' Educational Association. The first mixed classes for men and women were held in 1871 by John Elliott Cairnes, Professor of Political Economy. In the same year the Slade School of Fine Art was opened in the newly built north wing of the University. Women were admitted for the first time as full degree students to the Faculties of Science and of Arts and Laws in 1878 and the London Ladies’ Educational Association was disestablished. Initially women were not admitted on the same terms as men and between 1883-1912 had to be accepted by the Lady Superintendent of Women Students before being granted admission. Women were later admitted as full students to the Faculty of Medicine in 1917.
Under the University College London (Transfer) Act of 1905, in 1907 UCL was incorporated into the University of London and ceased to have a separate legal existence, also parting company with University College Hospital and University College School. It was not until 1977 that a new Royal Charter restored UCL's legal independence from the University of London. In the period that followed various mergers with local institutions marked a period of expansion for the university. In 1986 the Institute of Archaeology was incorporated into UCL and was followed by several medical mergers. The Institute of Neurology merged with UCL in 1997 and the following year the Royal Free Hospital Medical School joined the UCH Medical School, to create the current UCL Medical School. In 1999 the Eastman Dental Clinic also joined UCL. These mergers were later followed by the School of Slavonic and East European Studies in 1999, the School of Pharmacy in 2012, and most recently the Institute of Education in 2014.
Woodger was born on 2 May 1894 and was educated at Felsted School in Essex, showing an early interest in biology. He went to University College London (UCL) in 1911 to read zoology. He served during the First World War. In 1919 he resumed his scholarship at UCL and carried out research there until 1922. He then went to the Department of Biology at the University of London Middlesex Hospital Medical School as a Reader, where he lectured. He wrote a text-book for his biology students in which he drew most of the illustrations himself. In 1926 he went to Vienna to study for a term under Przibram. He became interested in the philosophy of science and on his return to England continued to study it. He became Professor of Biology at the Medical School in 1947. He retired in 1959. Woodger published many writings on the biological sciences. He died on 8 March 1981.
Sir T.C. Allbutt (1836 - 1925) was Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge University and Physician to Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. His book Arteriosclerosis: a summary view was published by Macmillan & Co in 1925.
Bryan Batty qualified from St Bartholomew's Hospital, and became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1815. He was a physician and surgeon, and lived and practised in Sedbergh, Cumbria (then North Yorkshire).
He died most probably in 1871.
Helen C. Brooke started her training as a Norland Children's Nurse. She undertook further training (CMB) at the Salvation Army Hostel, Clapton, and then worked as a Health Visitor in Birmingham for a year. During the First World War, 1914-1918, she served for two years as a welfare worker to the women employed in Woolwich Arsenal.
Brooke began work in the Child Welfare Department of University College Hospital, London, in January 1919, as Assistant Health Visitor. Her work involved visits to local homes in the St Pancras area, and staffing the Child Welfare Clinic. In the early days of the Department the local inhabitants resented these visits, whilst attendance at the Clinic was perceived as an acknowledgment of parental incompetence. However, `largely owing to Miss Brooke's tact and perseverence [sic]' this attitude was eventually eradicated, and the next generation began to automatically bring their new babies to the Hospital to be checked by the health visitors (UCH Magazine, 1947, p.96). Brooke was promoted to Senior Health Visitor in 1935.
In August 1947 Brooke retired from her post as Health Visitor at University College Hospital, after 28 years of service.
Unknown
William Collyns (d [1863]), physician
Joseph Cope (d 1839), physician.
Unknown
William Currie (fl 1768-1805) graduated MD Edinburgh on September 12, 1770, with a thesis 'De Phthisi Pulmonali', and became in the same year a Member of the Medical Society of Edinburgh. In the Medical Register for 1780 he is given as one of the three Physicians to the Chester General Infirmary; the other two being Drs Denton and John Haygarth. He is not to be confused with William Currie (1754-1829), of Philadelphia.
Samuel England was an apothecary who flourished in the middle of the eighteenth century. It appears he was an apprentice in the 1730s, referring in his notebooks of 1730-33 to his master, and to doctors by the names of Talbot, Dunning, and Bere. It is thought that Samuel England came from the West Country of England, either Devon, Dorset, or Somerset.
Sir George Ent was born at Sandwich, Kent, on 6 November 1604, the son of Josias Ent, a Belgium merchant whose religion had forced him to flee the Netherlands and settle in England. He was educated at a school in Rotterdam. In 1624 he entered at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1627, and MA in 1631. Ent then went to Padua University, at the time the most celebrated school of medicine. He studied there for five years, graduating MD in April 1636. As was the custom of the time, congratulatory poems addressed to him by his friends were published in Padua, entitled Laureae Apollinani, with Ent's coat of arms endorsed on the title page. He was incorporated MD at Oxford in November 1638.
In 1639 he was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. Ent's major work was his Apologia pro Circuitione Sanguinis, contra Aemilium Parisanum (1641; 2nd edition 1683). The book defends William Harvey's doctrine of the circulation of the blood, and is a particular reply to a Venetian physician Aemylius Parisanus. It also gives a `rational account' of the operation of purgative medicines (Munk's Roll, 1878, p.226). Both editions were dedicated to Sir Theophilus Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, and were preceded by an address to Harvey. In 1642 Ent delivered the Goulstonian Lectures at the Royal College of Physicians. He was censor of the College for twenty-two years, between 1645 and 1669.
In 1651 Ent published Harvey's De Generatione Animalium, with a dedicatory letter to the celebrated anatomist. Ent had persuaded Harvey to give him the manuscript, which Harvey had up to that point delayed publishing as he felt he might have made further observations. Ent then published the work, with the author's permission. He dedicated the book to the president and fellows of the Royal College of Physicians. Ent was a close friend of Harvey's, and when Harvey died, in 1657, he left Ent five pounds with which to buy a ring. Their friendship was immortalised by the poet John Dryden, in his Epistle to Dr Charleton.
Ent was registrar of the Royal College of Physicians for fifteen years, 1655-70, and became an elect in 1657. In 1665 Ent delivered the anatomy lectures at the College. After the last lecture Charles II, who was present at the lecture, knighted Ent in the Harveian Museum, an unprecedented event. Ent was subsequently consiliarius, advisor to the president, from 1667-69, and again from 1676-86. Ent became president of the College from 1670-75, and served again in 1682 and 1684.
He was one of the original fellows of the Royal Society, and is named in the charter as one of the first council. A collection of Ent's works, Opera Omnia Medico-Physica, was published in Leiden in 1687. It has been said of him that he was `a man of very considerable scholarship speaking and writing Latin with ease and elegance' (Whitfield, [1981], p.51).
Ent had married Sarah, daughter of the physician Othowell Meverall, treasurer of the Royal College of Physicians, in February 1645-6. Ent died at his house in the parish of St Giles-in-the-Fields, on 13 October 1689, at the age of 84. He had resigned from his position as elect at the College just a few days before his death. He was buried in the church of St Lawrence Jewry, near the Guildhall of London.
Publications:
Apologia pro Circuitione Sanguinis, contra Aemilium Parisanum (London, 1641; 2nd ed. 1683)
De Generatione Animalium, William Harvey (London, 1651, published by Ent)
Animadversiones in Malachiae Thrustoni, MD, Diatribam de Respirationis usu Primario (London, 1672)
Opera Omnia Medico-Physica... Nunc Primum Junctim Edita... (Leiden, 1687)
A Collection for Improvement of Husbandry and Trade, Olof Rudbeck, Philip Stansfield, & Sir George Ent, ed. by John Houghton (London, 1692)
George Etherege (b 1518): see A Memorial of George Edrych and his friends in our College, 1518-1588, by Sir Norman Moore.
Anne Eure (fl 1720).
Born in 1821 at Earlsdon House near Newcastle-on-Tyne, Fenwick was apprenticed to Newcastle's Royal Infirmary aged 14. He qualified at 21, practised around North Shields and lectured at Durham University. He moved to London in 1862 and became assistant physician at the City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest and in 1868 then 1879 became assistant and full physician respectively at the London Hospital. He lectured at the London Hospital Medical School and published two books there - Student's guide to medical diagnosis (1869) and Outlines of medical treatment (1879). He retired from hospital work in 1896 and died in 1902. (Source - Lives of the Fellows of the RCP (Munk's Roll) Vol 4 p182).