Thomas Herbert Lewin was born in London on 1 Apr 1839, and was educated at Littlehampton and Addiscombe Military College. In 1857, Lewin traveled to India as a lieutenant and was involved in several campaigns to put down the Indian Mutiny. He became the District Superintendent in Police at Rampur Bandleah, 1861-1864, later taking up the same post at Noacolly, South Bengal and Chittagong, 1864-1866. In March 1866, he was promoted to Captain, and appointed first as Temporary Superintendent and later permanent Deputy Commissioner and Political Agent for the unregulated Chittagong Hill Tracts - a post that he held until 1875. In 1874, Lewin returned to England due to ill health, was made an honorary Lieutenant Colonel and received a Colonel's pension. He returned to India in 1875 to take up the post of Deputy Commissioner of Cooch Behar, and later became Deputy Commissioner of Darjeeling, where he remained until his retirement in 1879. In 1885, Thomas Herbert bought Parkhurst, a house in Abinger, near Dorking, Surrey where he lived until his death in 1916. Lewin was the author of several works on India and Indian languages.
William Job Collins was born in London on 9 May 1859 and received his education from University College School, London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He became a Fellow, Scholar and gold medallist in Sanitary Science and in Obstetrics at London University and received Honours in Physiology, Forensic Medicine and Surgery. During his career Collins was also involved in many aspects of anatomy and ophthalmology, receiving the Doyne Medal for the latter from Oxford University in 1918. He was knighted in 1902.
William Job Collins was also Vice-Chancellor of the University of London, 1907-1909, 1911-12, and a member of the University Senate, 1893-1927. He was also a member of the Royal Commission on Vaccination, 1889-1896; Liberal Member of Parliament for West St. Pancreas, 1906-1910, and for Derby, 1917-18; London County Councillor for West St. Pancreas, 1892-1904; and Vice-Lieutenant of the County of London, 1925-1945.
Tower was born in 1860 and went on to be educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating with an MA in 1887. He entered the Diplomatic Service and became the Attaché for Constantinople before becoming Second Secretary to Madrid, Copenhagen, Berlin and Washington between 1892-1896. In 1897 he received the Jubilee Medal. He was the Secretary to the Legation for Peking, 1900 before adopting the position of Envoy Extraordinary to Siam, Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Mexico and Argentina during the rest of his career. He was awarded the Coronation Medal in 1902 and again in 1911. He died in 1939.
Francis Wormald was Professor of Palaeography in the University of London from 1949-1960, and Director of the Institute of Historical Research from 1960-1967. The range of documents in this collection reflects the fact that they were used as a palaeography teaching tool, giving examples of types of handwriting.
Not available at present.
See information in 'Scope and content'.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
George Sampson (1873-1950) was a noted educationist who wrote widely on the teaching of English and other subjects. He was an Inspector of Schools (LCC); General Secretary of the English Association; and a member of the Departmental Committee on Teaching of English in England, and the Cambridge Advisory Committee on Religious Instruction. He died in 1950.
The English Parliament is the main legislative body of the country.
Beilby Porteus was born in York in 1731; his parents were Virginian colonists who had moved back to England. He graduated from Cambridge University in 1752 and tutored until 1757 when he was ordained. In 1759 he won the Seatonian Prize for his poem 'Death: a poetical essay'. By 1762 Porteus had been appointed domestic chaplain to Thomas Secker, Archbishop of Canterbury; in 1769 he became Chaplain to King George III, and was created Bishop of Chester in 1776. When Porteus was appointed Bishop of London in 1787, the British overseas colonies came under his jurisdiction. He had already shown a keen interest in the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and now organised missions to India and the West Indies. He also took part in House of Lords debates which opposed the slave trade, and was foremost amongst those trying to pass Sir William Dolben's Slave Carrying Bill in 1788. Porteus also published volumes of sermons and tracts on political and spiritual topics. He died in 1808.
No information available at present.
Harold Richard Goring Greaves (1907-1981) taught at the London School of Economics from 1930 onwards. He was Professor of Political Science in the University of London from 1960-1975.
The proposed United Nations University Institute was not established until 1973; it is called the UN University and based in Tokyo.
Hugh Hale Leigh Bellot was born on 26 January 1890 and received his early education at Bedales School and then went to Lincoln College Oxford with a scholarship. He became master at the Battersea Polytechnical Secondary School and later at the Bedales School and then, in 1915, he was appointed a clerk at H. M. Customs and Excise where he remained until the end of the First World War.
In 1921, on being appointed an assistant in the department of History at University College London, Bellot began an association with the University of London that was to continue until the end of his life in 1969. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 1926 but moved to the University of Manchester in 1927 to become Reader in Modern History. In 1930, however, he returned to the University of London as Professor of American History, a post that he held until 1955. This period of tenure was broken occasionally as Bellot became Sir George Watson lecturer in 1938 at Birmingham and between 1940 and 1944 when he acted as Principal at the Board of Trade. He was finally given the title. 'Professor Emeritus of American History at the University of London', and awarded an honorary LL.D. by the University. He was a fellow of University College London and an honorary fellow of Lincoln College Oxford.
Bellot's involvement in the running of the University of London began with his election to the Senate in 1938 (until 1956). He was elected to the Court in 1948 (to 1953) and was Chairman of the Academic Council between 1948 and 1951. This promotion culminated with his election as Vice-Chancellor in 1951 for a two-year term. He was latterly a Member of Council for Westfield College, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School and University College, Ibadan.
Other positions held included being honorary secretary of the Royal Historical Society between 1934 and 1952 and President from 1952 to 1956
The Sun Fire Office was founded in 1710 by a co-partnership of 24 'gentlemen of mixed social and professional background' to provide fire insurance following the devastation of the Great Fire of London in 1666. It is the oldest insurance company in existence; it merged with Alliance Asssurance in 1959 and with Royal Insurance (founded 1842) in 1996 to form Royal and SunAlliance.
Robert (Robin) Arthur Humphreys was born on 6 June 1907. He received his early education at Lincoln School and at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He then stayed on at Cambridge to obtain his BA (1929) but moved to the United States in 1930 for a two-year term as Commonwealth Fund Fellow at the University of Michigan. He received his Ph.D. in 1932. He returned to Britain in 1932 to become Assistant Lecturer in American History at University College London (UCL) and was promoted to Lecturer in 1935 and then became the first Professor of Latin American History in 1948, a post that he held until his retirement in 1974.
Humphreys' other commitments included being: honorary secretary of the Royal Historical Society between 1953 and 1955 (elected President in 1961); member of the University Grants Committee on Latin American Studies, 1962-64; member of the UCL Advisory Committee on Latin American Studies from 1962 to 1965, and Director of the Institute of Latin American Studies from 1965. He received an O.B.E in 1946. He was made a Commander of the Rio Branco, Brazil (1972) and received the Machado de Assis Medal from the Academia Brasileira de Letras (1974). He died in 1999.
Reginald Stephen Stacey was born in London in 1905. He was educated at Haberdashers' Aske's School, and later attended Trinity College, Cambridge University, where he graduated in Physiology in 1927. After spending a year at the University of Vienna (1927), Stacey gained his Bachelor of Surgery (B.Chir) at St Thomas's Medical Hospital in 1930. He was appointed First Assistant to the Professor of Medicine, St Thomas's from 1932 to 1935, when he became Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the Royal College of Medicine in Baghdad. Stacey was subsequently a Reader, 1948-1958, and a Professor, 1958-1970, of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at St Thomas's Hospital. In 1963 he was made the first holder of the Chair in Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the University of London, and from 1970 to his death in 1974 he worked at the Wellcome Research Laboratories in Beckenham.
Born Samuel Turlausky in 1907, Tolansky was educated at Rutherford College, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1919-1925, and Armstrong College, Durham University, 1925-1928, gaining a Diploma in the Theory and Practice of Teaching at the latter in 1928-1929. From 1929 to 1931, he was a Fellow of King's College, Newcastle upon Tyne, and in 1931 he gained the Earl Grey Fellowship which enabled him to travel to Berlin. In 1932 Tolansky was granted the 1851 Exhibition Senior Studentship at Imperial College, London, and studied with Professor Alfred Fowler for the next two years. He was successively appointed Assistant Lecturer, 1934-1937, Lecturer, 1937-1945, Senior Lecturer, 1945-1946, and Reader, 1946-1947, in Physics at Manchester University, whre he undertook research on nuclear spins and multiple beam inteferometry. In 1948 Tolansky became Professor of Physics at Royal Holloway College, University of London, a post he held until his death in 1973. He won various prizes, including the C.V. Boys Prize for contributions to optics awarded by the London Physical Society in 1948, and was a member of numerous committees and societies, such as the NASA Lunar Project, the Scientific Advisory Committee, the National Gallery, the Royal Scientific Association, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Royal Society, the Royal Scientific Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Royal Microscopical Society.
Born in 1890, Henry Flint gained a M.Sc. From the University of Birmingham before being enlisted in the Royal Garrison Artillery from 1915-1918. Following World War One, he was successively Assistant Lecturer in Physics at Cardiff University, 1919-1920, Lecturer in Physics at Reading University College, 1920, and Lecturer in Physics at King's College London, 1920-1926. Whilst at King's College, Flint gained his D.Sc. from the University of London, and went on to become Reader in Physics at King's from 1926-1944. In 1930 he gained a Diploma in Medical Radiology and Electrology from Cambridge University, and began work as a Clinical Assistant in the Radiology Department of Westminster Hospital, later becoming Consultant Physicist to Westminster Hospital and King's College Hospital. Flint was appointed Professor of Physics at Bedford College, University of London, in 1944, a post he held until 1956. He died in 1971.
Seneca (4 BC-65 AD) was a Roman advocate and senator, who acted as tutor and, following his accession, political advisor to the Roman emperor Nero. He was implicated in a conspiracy and forced to commit suicide. His writings included a series of Moral Essays, which included 'De Beneficiis' ('On Benefits'), in which he discussed favours and the nature of gratitude and ingratitude.
St Jerome (c340-420) wrote a large number of theological works. Amongst his earliest were his revisions of the Latin version of the New Testament, including the Epistles of St Paul in 385.
The Clementinae is a collection of canon law, promulgated (1317) by John XXII, and drawn mostly from the constitutions of Clement V at the Council of Vienne.
The Missal is a liturgical book which contains the prayers said by the priest at the altar as well as all that is officially read or sung in connection with the offering of the holy Sacrifice of the Mass throughout the ecclesiastical year.
By 1811, relations between Russia and France were deteriorating. In 1805, Alexander I, Tsar of Russia, had joined the coalition against Napoleon I. Defeats at Austerlitz and Friedland, however, led to a Russian-French Alliance agreed by the Treaty of Tilsot in 1807. Relations were soured by Alexander's liberal interpretation of Napoleon's Continental System, Russian fears concerning the possible unification of Poland, and quarrels over the independence of Prussia which led to French troops close to the Russian border. In 1811, Napoleon broke the Treaty of Tilsot by annexing Oldenburg, and the alliance was broken. Napoleon invaded Russia the next year, but was defeated.
For a reconstruction of this interview, see A.Vandal, Napoleon et Alexandre I (Paris, 1896), vol.III, c.6, and vol.III, p.212 n.1 for the sources on which he bases his account.
Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (1763-1844) was a French soldier who rose through the ranks to serve under Napoleon in the Italian Campaign (1796-1797). He was French Ambassador at Vienna (1798) and Minister of War (1799), and played a prominent part in the victory of Austerlitz in 1805. Napoleon created him Marshal of the Empire (1804) and Prince of Ponte Corvo (1806). In 1809, Gustavus IV of Sweden abdicated and was succeeded by his aged and childless uncle Charles XIII. In the search for a successor, the Swedes approached Bernadotte, who, with the support of Napoleon, was elected crown prince and adopted (1810) by Charles XIII as Charles John. Taking control of the government, Charles John, who desired the acquisition of Norway from Denmark, threw in his lot with England and Russia against France and Denmark, and played an important part in the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig (1813). In 1814, the Danes ceded Norway in the Treaty of Kiel. Charles John succeeded to a joint kingdom in 1818 as Charles XIV.
Purdon was born in London on 15 October 1883. From 1919 to 1928 he was Finance Director at Welwyn Garden City Ltd. Between 1928 and 1935 he edited a succession of journals: Everyman, 1928-1932, New Britain, 1933-1934 and Theatregoer, 1935. During World War Two, Purdon served with the Ministry of Food 1941-1943, Ministry of Supply, 1943 and Ministry of Information 1944. Purdon was also involved with the Garden City movement and town planning. He was the General Secretary of Equity, 1939-1940 and Joint Secretary of the London Theatre. After the war Purdon produced two plays by William Shakespeare, As You like It, 1949 and Macbeth in 1951. He also wrote widely on drama and on town planning. Purdon died on 8 July 1965.
Aubrey Toppin was born in Twickenham in 1881. He worked initially at the Science and Art Museum, Dublin, 1901-1906, until he gained the post of First Assistant to the Keeper of Irish Antiqities at the National Museum of Ireland, 1906. In 1907, he was promoted to the position of Assistant Keeper of the Art and Antiquities Division, a position which he held until his retirement in 1923.
The Venerable Bede (672/3-735) was born and lived in Northumberland. For most of his life he was a monk at Monkwearmouth and Jarrow monastery, where he dedicated his time to prayer and writing. His most famous work is the 'Ecclesiastical history of the English people', which details Christianity in England from the beginning to Bede's own day.
Pistoia is a city in Tuscany, Italy. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, it was distinguished for its strong economic growth; as a consequence the city came to control a large surrounding territory. In the thirteenth century, Pistoia was caught up in the battles between the opposing powers of Florence and Lucca, suffering a long siege in 1306. In the mid-14th century, Pistoia entered the Fiorentine sphere of influence, having been seriously diminished both demographically and economically by disastrous plagues in 1348 and 1400.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Founded in 1892, the Union of Graduates in Music aimed to oppose the granting of spurious music degrees by 'Universities' which were not bona-fide. Its presidents included Sir Frederick Bridge (1844-1924), Sir Charles Parry (1848-1918), Sir Charles Stanford (1852-1924), Sir Edward Elgar (1857-1934) and Sir Donald Tovey (1875-1940). The Union was dissolved in 1972.
Eric Edward Mockler-Ferryman was born on 27 June 1896 at Maidstone, Kent. After attending the Wellington Royal Military Academy he joined the Royal Artillery in 1915. During the First World War he served in France and Flanders. In 1919 he was promoted to the rank of Captain. Between the wars he served with the army in Ireland and Australia. Early in the Second World War he served in military intelligence and was promoted to Brigadier in August 1940 to head the intelligence branch of General Headquarters Home Forces. He served in the intelligence branch of General Eisenhower's Anglo-American Army and the Special Operations Executive, where he became its director of operations in North West Europe. After the war he had a spell with the Allied Control Commission in Hungary from 1945 to 1946. He retired from the army in 1947. He was awarded a CBE in 1941 as well as high orders from the United States, Belgium, France and Holland. He received an honorary MA from the University of London. He died in 1978.
No information available at present.
A sequentiary is a book, or portion, of a Gradual or Troper containing sequences (extended melodies) sung by a soloist between the Alleluia and the Gospel lesson at Mass.
The royal household originated as the sovereign's retinue, and had a purely domestic function until the 12th century, after which it became a mainspring of government. The government departments of the Treasury, the Exchequer and the common law courts all originated there.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Colonel (Robert) Thomas de Veil (d 1746) was the founder of the Bow Street court house in 1740. Notorious for the severity of his sentencing and his aversion to the consumption of alcohol, he was portrayed by William Hogarth in the 'Night' section of Four times of the day.
John Bowyer Nichols was born in London, 1779, and went on to be schooled at St Paul's School, London. In 1796 he entered his father's printing office and began part editorship of The Gentleman's Magazine, of which, by 1837, he was sole proprietor. For a short time he was printer to the Corporation of the City of London. In 1850 he became Master of the Stationer's Company. He published many county histories as well as significant works such as The Literary History of the Eighteenth Century. He died in Ealing, 1863.
John Gough Nichols, son of John Bowyer Nichols, was born in London in 1806. He published his first work, Progress of James I in 1828 and went on to become joint editor of The Gentleman's Magazine in 1851. He was a founding member of the Camden Society, 1838. In 1856 ill health forced him to give up The Gentleman's Magazine and he dedicated his time to Literary Remains of Edward VI (1857-8). Like his father, he published many county histories and volumes of antiquary concern. He died in 1873.
Papal letters were initially used in the early church as a method of introducing papal laws and edicts to the entire church. As their number grew during the middle ages, they divided into several types, including general letters (constitutions) which were understood to regulate ecclesiastical conditions of a general character judicially; and ordinances issued for individual cases (rescripts), which were issued at the petition of an individual and decided a lawsuit or granted a favour.
A patent for an invention is granted by government to the inventor, giving the inventor the right for a limited period to stop others from making, using or selling the invention without the permission of the inventor. Patents cover products or processes that possess or contain new functional or technical aspects.
Azov is a sea port and one of the oldest towns in the esturial region of the River Don, Russia. There is no confirmation that the Azoff and Don Gas Company ever came into being.
Robert Long served as a Member for Parliament for Devizes in 1625, Sussex in 1640 and for Boroughbridge, Yorkshire in 1661. He also served in the court of Charles I, was writer of the tallies in the exchequer, surveyor of the Queen's lands and secretary of the council for the Prince of Wales. On suspicion of treacherous dealings with the Earl of Essex, Long absconded to France. He remained on the continent with the exiled royal court until 1654. On returning to England in 1654 he returned to favour, after the charges made against him were found to be untrue. On the restoration of Charles II he was made a baronet on 1 September 1660. From 1660 to 1667 he was Chancellor of the Exchequer and in May 1662 he was made Auditor of the Exchequer. In September 1670 Charles II granted him a long lease of the Great Park, Great Park Meadow and a house called Worcester House. In July 1672 Long became a privy councillor. He died on 13 July 1673.
This manuscript was probably prepared in connection with the proceedings for the Union of 1707. The Act of Union was a treaty (1 May 1707) that effected the union of England and Scotland under the name of Great Britain.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Robert Ridgill Trout was born in 1878 and by career was an antiquarian bookseller, who also carried out regular work valuing the libraries of county houses and institutions. In 1936 he met Alice Vere, a descendant of Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. It was after conversations with Alice Vere that Ridgill Trout came to believe that Edward de Vere was the author of the plays and poetry attributed to William Shakespeare. Ridgill Trout died on 17 June 1969.
In the 13th century, under Henry III and Edward I, the Royal Wardrobe became a major financial institution. Used as a war treasury, it acted as paymaster to the major military expeditions commanded by the king. It subsequently declined in importance, being replaced by the Chamber. Separate from the King's Wardrobe was the Great Wardrobe, for army clothing and military stores, peripatetic until 1361 and then at Baynard castle, and the Privy Wardrobe, for bows, arrows, pikes, and other weapons, in the Tower of London.
An antiphoner is a liturgical book containing antiphons, the sung portions of the Divine office, both texts and notation. Such books were often of a large format, to be used by a choir.
The committee's report, Adult Education: a plan for development, was published by HMSO in 1973.
Frank Sydney Milligan was born in 1894 and was educated at Liverpool University. At the outbreak of World War One, despite being a pacifist, Milligan enlisted as a private in the West Lancashire Field Ambulance Corp. He was at first a stretcher-bearer but later joined the ranks and while in the 7th King's Regiment (Liverpool), he was promoted to lieutenant. He received the Military Medal as a non-commissioned officer for immobilising an enemy machine gun and, as an officer, he received the Military Cross. Wounded and unfit for further service, Milligan resumed his education in the School of Social and Political Science at the University of Birmingham where he obtained a degree and later an MA with Honours (1921). While at Birmingham, Milligan was president of the Guild of Undergraduates and was involved in the setting up of the National Union of Students. Milligan stayed on in Birmingham as a tutor under the Birmingham University Joint Committee for Tutorial Classes (Birmingham University and the Worker's Education Association) before joining the Beechcroft Centre for the unemployed in Birkenhead in 1924 as Warden. In 1929, Milligan, along with many avant-garde thinkers of the time, visited Russia where he was able to investigate the advanced methods in worker's education there. Milligan's view of adult education was that much more could be achieved by removing the student from their home environment, away from the pressures of work, family and peer group. An opportunity arose for an experiment in residential worker's education in summer 1933 when Darnhall, a large house in Cheshire, was made available to the National Council of Social Service for three months. Milligan would be involved in various educational institutions for years to come. Frank Milligan's development of a residential centre for unemployed men was overtaken by events before it could leave an influential legacy. The outbreak of World War Two dispensed with unemployment overnight and not until the 1970s was Britain to suffer again. Alternative methods of assistance were in place by then including schemes such as the Youth Training Scheme and Government intervention in job creation.
No information available at present.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Torcy (1665-1746) was a French diplomat and foreign minister who negotiated some of the most important treaties of Louis XIV's reign. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, Torcy drafted the famous manifesto in which the king called on the nation to make a supreme effort to win the War of the Spanish Succession, 1708. Torcy was also the guiding spirit at the innumerable conferences that resulted in the treaties of Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt (1714). He wrote Mémoirs pour servir à l'histoire des négotiations depuis le Traité de Riswick jusqu'à la Paix d'Utrecht (1756).
No information was available at the time of compilation.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Douglas Cecil Collins received his PhD from the University of London in 1938 on The collection and dissemination of news during the time of Shakespeare, with particular reference to news pamphlets 1590-1610.