British Northwestern Fire Insurance Company was founded in 1906. It was formerly the Freehold Fire Insurance Company of Manitoba, Canada, 1906. The name was changed to Prince Rupert Fire Insurance Company in 1910 before becoming British Northwestern. It was acquired by Eagle, Star and British Dominions in 1920. The company became British Northwestern Insurance Company in 1952, then Eagle Star Insurance Company of Canada in 1970. Business was transferred to Eagle Star's Canadian branch and wound up in 1978.
Barbara Constance Freeman was a student of art at Kingston School of Art, 1923-[1926]; passed an examination in drawing and won a scholarship in 1929 (information sourced from correspondence from Ernest Kyle within the collection, does not specify what scholarship was awarded). Freeman was awarded Silver trophy from Society of Women Journalists for 'Best illustration' in the Annual Literary Festival, 1949 and became an author.
Publications include Clemency in the Moonlight (Pan Macmillan, 1981) and Two Thumb Thomas (Puffin, 1978).
No biographical information was available at the time of compilation.
Born at Twyford, Hampshire, England, son of an English mother and a freed African slave, Thomas Freeman, 1809; joined the Methodists; moved to Ipswich and became a preacher; head gardener on a Suffolk estate, but lost his position owing to his Methodist activism; accepted by the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, 1837; sailed to the Gold Coast, west Africa, 1837-1838; missionary on the Cape Coast (where an indigenous Methodist church had been tenuously supported by a succession of English missionaries), 1838-1857; visited Kusami, the Ashanti capital; married, for the second time, Lucinda Cowan (d 1841) at Bedminster, Somerset, 1840; visited England to appeal for funds and recruits, 1841; the publication of his journals made him a celebrity; his pioneering work in founding many mission stations and chapels in the area underpinned later Methodist success in Ghana, western Nigeria, and Benin; married for the third time, 1854; financial controversy and other difficulties caused him to retire from missionary work, 1857; civil commandant of Accra, 1857-1860; remained in the Gold Coast, farming, writing, and preaching; returned as a missionary, to Anamabu, west Africa, 1873-1879; Accra, 1879-1886; retired and settled at Accra, 1886; died, 1890. Publication: Journal of Various Visits to the Kingdoms of Ashanti, Aku and Dahomi ... with an historical introduction by the Rev J Beecham (2nd edition, 1844); Missionary Enterprise No Fiction (1871), a semi-autobiographical novel [by Thomas Birch Freeman].
The Freemasons Charity for Female Children or Royal Masonic Institution for Girls was founded in 1788. A building was erected for it in St Georges Fields, Southwark, in 1795. It moved to Wandsworth in 1852. It moved to Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire c 1935.
No biographical information was available at the time of compilation.
This collection of correspondence and cuttings documents Reg Freeson's persistent efforts to establish the truth about the fate of Josef Mengele, the notorious SS doctor who was responsible for the deaths of thousands of prisoners at Auschwitz. In particular, Freeson attempts to find out whether a body exhumed from a grave in Brazil in 1985 was in fact that of Mengele, as alleged. The responses he receives from the German, Israeli and American authorities are inconclusive.
Josef Mengele (March 15, 1911- February 7, 1979) was a German SS officer and a physician in the German Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. He gained notoriety chiefly for being one of the SS physicians who supervised the selection of arriving transports of prisoners, determining who was to be killed and who was to become a forced labourer, and for performing human experiments on camp inmates, amongst whom Mengele was known as the Angel of Death.
After the war, he first hid in Austria under an assumed name, then escaped and lived in South America, first in Argentina (until 1959) and finally in Brazil, in the cities of Serra Negra, Moji das Cruzes, and then died in Bertioga, where he drowned in the sea after suffering a stroke. His identity was confirmed by forensic experts from UNICAMP (Campinas University) using DNA testing on his remains.
No information was available at the time of compilation.
Edmund Fremantle, grandson of Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Fremantle, entered the Navy in 1849 in the Queen on the Mediterranean Station. From 1852 he served in the SPARTAN on the East Indies and China Stations and was involved in the Burma War. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1857. He next served in the ORION and ROYAL ALBERT on the Mediterranean and Channel Stations and from 1860 in the NEPTUNE, with Captain Sir Geoffrey Phipps Hornby, on the Mediterranean Station, until his promotion to commander in 1861. Fremantle then commanded the despatch vessel ECLIPSE on the Australian Station, 1864 to 1867, and saw service in the Maori War, 1864 to 1866. He was promoted to captain in 1867. He commanded the BARRACOUTA between 1873 and 1874 on the Cape Station, after which he served in the DORIS between 1874 and 1876 as part of the Detached Squadron. From 1877 he commanded the LORD WARDEN for a year on coastguard service and then went to the INVINCIBLE in the Mediterranean, 1879 to 1881. He was Senior Naval Officer at Gibraltar from 1881 to 1883. His next command was the DREADNOUGHT in 1884. After his promotion to rear-admiral in 1885, he was second-in-command of the Channel Squadron with his flag in the AGINCOURT. He was Commander-in-Chief, East Indies, from 1888 to 1891, on the China Station from 1892 to 1895 and at Devonport from 1896 to 1899. He was promoted to vice-admiral in 1890 and admiral in 1896. Fremantle published The Navy as I have known it (London, 1904). See also Anne Parry, The Admirals Fremantle (London, 1971).
Eldest son of Admiral Sir Edmund Robert Fremantle, Sydney Fremantle entered the Navy in 1881. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1887, to commander in 1889 and to captain in 1903 After a distinguished career afloat he was made Head of the War Division at the Admiralty in 1910 and President of the Signal Committee at Portsmouth in 1912. He became a rear-admiral in 1913 and was made Head of the Signals Division at the Admiralty in 1914. He was second-in-command of the Third Battle Squadron in 1915, and was appointed to command the Ninth Cruiser Squadron in 1916 and the Second Cruiser Squadron in early 1917. In August of that year he was in command of the British Aegean Squadron. In January 1918 he was made Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, was promoted to vice-admiral and in May 1919 was appointed to command the First Battle Squadron. Fremantle was promoted to admiral in 1922 and was Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, from 1923 to 1926. Ho retired in 1928. See Fremantle's autobiography, My Naval Career (London, 1949).
Thomas Fremantle entered the Navy in 1777 and after service in the West Indies was promoted to lieutenant in 1782. He was promoted to captain in 1793 when he commissioned the Tartar frigate and went to the Mediterranean. He led the way into Toulon in 1793 and in the following year served under Nelson at the siege of Bastia, after which he commanded the INCONSTANT, in which he took part in the action off Toulon, March 1795, and in the blockade of the North Italian coast In 1797 he accompanied Nelson to the attack on Santa Cruz where both were severely wounded. Fremantle took part in the battle of Copenhagen in 1801 and was also at Trafalgar He returned to England in 1806, was made a Lord of the Admiralty until his appointment as Captain of the Royal Yacht in 1807. In 1810 he was promoted to rear-admiral and to a command in the Mediterranean, and in 1812 took command of the squadron in the Adriatic In 1818 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, and died at Naples. See Anne Parry, The Admirals Fremantle (London, 1971)
Fremantle was the youngest son of Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Fremantle (q.v.). He entered the Royal Naval Academy, Portsmouth, in 1823 and afterwards served as midshipman in the Challenger, 1828, and the Pallas, 1828 to 1829, on the Home Station. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1829 and to commander in 1836, when he commanded the Clio, Southampton and Wanderer at the Cape of Good Hope and on the South American Station and in China respectively. He was promoted to captain in 1842 while in the Wanderer. After service in North America, he was appointed to the Arrogant, 1852 to 1853, on the Home Station and then the Juno on the Australian Station, 1853 to 1857. He was accused of over-strict discipline in the Juno and had no further employment.
Both worked at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology in Oxford, with Lord Florey. For details of their careers, see, for French, obituaries in the Lancet and the British Medical Journal, and for Sanders, see obituary in The Times, 12th Sept 1980, and biographies of Lord Florey.
The Association was established in 1945 to protect and promote the interests of the French burgundy trade. By the late 1960s it was in amalgamation discussions with the equivalent trading association for bordeaux wines. The Association's offices were based at those of its officers, but in 1949 it was at 4 Lloyd's Avenue.
The first French republic was declared on 21 September 1792 as a result of the French Revolution and the abolition of the French monarchy. Republican government lasted until the establishment of the First French Empire in 1804. One of the republic's leaders in its latter stage was Napoleon Bonaparte, who was First Consul from 1799 to 1804, when he ended the republic by declaring himself Emperor Napoleon I. The Republic is often divided up into the following eras: the National Convention, 1792-1795; the Directory, 1795-1799; the Consulate, 1799-1804.
This church of French protestants was established in ca. 1686 and was based at a number of addresses in the City of London, including Jewin Street and in Buckingham House on College Hill, before taking the lease of St Martin Orgar in 1699. This church, in St Martin's Lane, had been destroyed in the Fire of London and had not been rebuilt. The lease was surrendered and the church closed in 1834.
Frere Cholmeley, solicitors, were based at 28 Lincoln's Inn Fields.
Christopher Wordsworth (1807-1885), nephew of the poet William Wordsworth, was appointed headmaster of Harrow School in 1836 and was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln in 1869.
Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).
A marriage settlement was a legal arrangement which secured certain property for an intended wife and sometimes also for any children of an intended marriage.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Ossulston hundred included areas around Kensington, Holborn, Finsbury, Tower Hamlets and Westminster. It is remembered partly because it gave its name to the barony of Ossulston conferred upon John Bennet in 1682. John was the brother of Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington (d. 1686), a close advisor to the monarchy, who built Ossulston House, formerly nos. 1 and 2 St. James's Square and afterwards demolished. The barony was absorbed into the earldom of Tankerville in 1714.
The manor of Ealing or Ealingbury was presumably the 10 hides at Ealing granted in 693 by Ethelred, king of Mercia, to the bishop of London for the augmentation of monastic life in London. The manor passed through various owners until 1906 when most or all of the land was sold to the Prudential Assurance Company.
The manor of Durants (or Durance) and the manor of Garton were originally separate holdings which were joined together. They belonged to the Wroth family and their decendants, and included twenty houses, twenty tofts, two mills, ten gardens, three hundred acres of arable, two hundred acres of meadow, forty acres of pasture, and ten acres of wood.
Sources: "A History of the County of Middlesex": Volume 7 (1982) and "The Environs of London": volume 2: County of Middlesex (1795); both available online.
Lease and release was the most common method of conveying freehold property from the later seventeenth century onwards, before the introduction of the modern conveyance in the late nineteenth century. The lease was granted for a year (sometimes six months), then on the following day the lessor released their right of ownership in return for the consideration (the thing for which land was transferred from one party to another, usually, of course, a sum of money).
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Admission: a person with title to a piece of copyhold land was admitted at a Manorial Court and this admission was taken as proof of their title to the land.
From the British Records Association "Guidelines 3 - Interpreting Deeds: How To Interpret Deeds - A Simple Guide And Glossary".
Edwin Freshfield (1832-1918) was a solicitor, part of a family firm based in the City of London. He had antiquarian research interests and was awarded a doctorate from the University of Cambridge for a thesis on Roman laws. His son, Edwin Hanson, shared his research interests.
Rudolf Karl Freudenberg was born, 1908; Studied medicine at the Universities of Kiel, Munich and Freiburg; Qualified MD, 1932; Became house officer in surgery in Berlin, 1932; Married Gerda Vorster, 1932; Lost job on account of Jewish background; Obtained job at University Neuro-histological Institute, Vienna, 1935; Did work on physiology of insulin coma treatment, 1936; Invited to join the staff of Moorcroft House, a private psychiatric hospital in Hillingdon, Middlesex, and moved to England, 1937; Obtained British medical qualifications (Scottish Triple), 1939; During World War Two was involved in primate research on leucotomy; Obtained Diploma in Psychiatric Medicine, 1945; consultant and Deputy Superintendent at Netherne Hospital, Surrey, 1947; Physician Superintendent at Netherne, 1951-1973; Senior Principal Medical Officer and Head of Medical Mental Section at the Ministry of Health, 1961-1964; President of Psychiatry Section, Royal Society of Medicine, 1965-1966; Establishment of Netherne Postgraduate Medical Centre (later the Freudenberg Centre), 1969; retired from Netherne, 1973; Senior Principal Medical Officer and Chief Advisor on Mental Health Research at the Ministry of Health, 1973-1977, died, 1983.
Gerda Freudenberg was born, 1906; Qualified MD at Freiburg, 1932; Worked in medical posts in Berlin and married Rudolf Karl Freudenberg, 1933; Lost job in Berlin on account of Jewish background, 1935; Found jobs in Vienna, and later Berne, 1936; Joined her husband in England, with their first son, 1938; Worked with League of Friends of Netherne Hospital; Voluntary work for the Council for Music in Hospital, 1947-; Qualification for UK medical practice, 1950; died, 1995.
Sir Otto Kahn-Freund was Professor of Comparative Law at the University of Oxford.
Born in Frankfurt am Main of Jewish parents, 1900; educated at the Goethe-Gymnasium and Frankfurt University; Judge of the Berlin labour court, 1929; dismissed by the Nazis, fled to London and became a student at the London School of Economics (LSE), 1933; Assistant Lecturer in Law, LSE, 1936; Professor, 1951; called to the bar (Middle Temple), 1936; British citizen, 1940; Professor of Comparative Law, University of Oxford, and fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1964; elected FBA, 1965; honorary bencher of the Middle Temple, 1969; QC, 1972; knighted, 1976; played important part in the establishment of labour law as an independent area of legal study, and was a member of the Royal Commission on Reform of Trade Unions and Employers' Associations, 1965; died 1979.
Sir Otto Kahn-Freund was born 17 November 1900 in Frankfurt am Main and was professor of comparative law, University of Oxford. He was born in Frankfurt am Main of Jewish parents and educated at the Goethe-Gymnasium there and Frankfurt University. He became judge of the Berlin labour court, 1929. Dismissed by the Nazis in 1933, he fled to London and became a student at the London School of Economics. He became an assistant lecturer in law there in 1936 and Professor in 1951. He was called to the bar (Middle Temple) in 1936. He became a British citizen in 1940.
He was appointed Professor of Comparative Law, University of Oxford, and fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford in 1964 and elected FBA in 1965. He became an honorary bencher of the Middle Temple in 1969 and a QC in 1972. He was knighted in 1976.
He played an important part in the establishment of labour law as an independent area of legal study, and was a member of the Royal Commission on Reform of Trade Unions and Employers' Associations, 1965. Kahn-Freund died in 1979.
Born 1900; educated at Goethe-Gymnasium, Frankfurt-am-Main, the University of Frankfurt, the University of Heidelberg, the University of Leipzig, and the University of London; Judge in German Courts, 1928-1933; Barrister-at-Law (Middle Temple), 1936-; Assistant Lecturer, Lecturer, and Reader in Law, London School of Economics, 1935-1961; Professor of Law, LSE, 1951-1964; Honorary Bencher, Middle Temple, 1969; Professor of Comparative Law, University of Oxford, 1964-1971; Emeritus Fellow, Brasenose College, 1971; Arthur Goodhart Professor of Legal Science, and Professorial Fellow, Cambridge University, 1975-1976; Honorary Fellow, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1977; Co-editor, Modern Law Review; Hon. President, International Society for Labour Law and Social Legislation; Member, Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers' Associations, 1965-1968; died 1979. Publications: A source-book on French law (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1973); Comparative Law as an academic subject (Clarendon Press, London, 1965); Labour and the law (Stevens, London, 1972); Labour law: old traditions and new developments (Clarke, Irwin and Co, Toronto/Vancouver, 1968); editor of Labour relations and the law (Stevens and Sons, London, 1965); Matrimonial property: where do we go from here? (University of Birmingham, 1971); The growth of internationalism in English private international law (Magnes Press, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1960); The law of carriage by inland transport (Stevens and Sons, London, 1939); editor of The institutions of private law and their social functions (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1949); Laws against strikes (Fabian Society, London, 1972); editor of Labour law and politics in the Weimar Republic (Blackwell, Oxford, 1981); Labour relations: heritage and adjustment (Oxford University Press, 1979).
Dr Ludwig Freyberger qualified in medicine in Vienna in 1889 and was House Physician, House Surgeon and Clinical Assistant at Vienna General Hospital before moving to London where he was Clinical Assistant at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. He qualified MRCS (Eng) in 1893 and MRCP (Lond) in 1894. He was a barrister-at-law at the Middle Temple as well as a toxocologist, and served as pathologist for London inquests. At this time he was also Honorary Physician to the St Pancras and Northern Dispensary, and pathologist, museum curator and registrar at the Great Northern Central Hospital. An analysis of the controversy surrounding his employment, 1902-1912, by the new coroner for the South-Western District of London can be found in Medical History, 39,3, July 1995.
Following a dispute between the partners of Reid, Meux and Co., of the Griffin Brewery, Sir Henry Meux left the concern in 1807 and acquired the Horseshoe Brewery in Tottenham Court Road, WC1, trading as Henry Meux and Co.
Meux's Brewery Co Ltd was registered in 1888. In 1921 brewery was transferred to the Nine Elms Brewery in Wandsworth, which was subsequently renamed the Horseshoe Brewery. In 1956 the company merged with Friary, Holroyd and Healy's Breweries Ltd to form Friary Meux Limited. Production finally ceased at the Nine Elms Brewery in 1964.
Friary Meux Ltd was acquired by Allied Breweries Ltd in 1964.
Professor of Organic Chemistry at the Sorbonne, Paris.
Marion Valerie Friedmann was born in 1918, and was a founder member of the Liberal Party of South Africa. The multiracial Liberal Party of South Africa was founded in 1954, and was forced to disband under the Prohibition of Political Interference Act of 1968.
Friend was set up in 1971 as a Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE) taskforce intended to become CHE's counselling arm. By the end of the year Friend had been relaunched, becoming a separate national counselling and befriending organisation. As the London-based organisation (often known as London Friend) began to spread to the provinces, and local groups grew up, the whole network began to be known as National Friend. It was incorporated as a limited company in 1987, under the name of National Friend Ltd.
National Friend became a network of groups whose volunteer members provided information, support and befriending to lesbian, gay and bisexual people. Local groups were affiliated to National Friend, though they remained autonomous within agreed guidelines, which included a constitution, code of ethics, code of practice, an equal opportunities programme and a complaints procedure. In 1995 there were 31 local groups using either the name Friend or Gay Switchboard.
National Friend worked through a National Committee/Council of Management, whose aim was to support the local groups, provide guidance, advertise the work of Friend to outside agencies and hold conferences on subjects of mutual interest. In 1998, a grant from the National Lottery Charities Board enabled the development of a Birmingham office base and the employment of two members of staff to deal with administration, publicity and fundraising.
Also known as the Conservative Club of Members of the Corporation. It met at the George and Vulture, Cornhill.
Friendly societies comprised a group of people contributing to a mutual fund so that they could receive benefits in times of need. The concept had been around for hundreds of years, but in the 1800s, their role was acknowledged by the government and membership was encouraged. The early meetings were often held as a social gathering when the subscriptions would be paid. Prior to the Welfare State they were often the only way a working person had to receive help in times of ill health, or old age.
The Journeymen Bookbinders of London were founded in 1786, becoming known as the London Consolidated Lodge of Journeymen Bookbinders in 1840.
The Friendly Society of Tradesmen met at the Belle Sauvage, Ludgate Hill and appears to have met only for betting and social purposes; it was not a "benevolent" friendly society.
Barbican Library Users (BLU), originally known as the Friends of Barbican Library, was formed by Barbican resident Hazel Brothers in response to the proposal to use the area of the Barbican Centre occupied by Barbican Library for conferences and banqueting and to move the library to another site. The campaign to keep Barbican Library within the Barbican Centre drew much support from Barbican residents and non-residents. At their meeting on on 28 July 1999 the Barbican Centre Committee agreed on commercial grounds that no further action would be taken, but the campaign group continued as Barbican Library Users with the aims of representing the interests of the library's users and to safeguard and promote its facilities and activities. At the time of deposit of these papers (2007), BLU is being re-shaped into a new Friends group.
A loyal group of supporters worked closely with Bogle-L'Ouverture from it's inception in 1969. In 1979 they organised the 10th anniversary celebration of the publishing house and at that time they were already calling themselves 'Friends of Bogle'. In the minutes of 10/11/79 they are listed as Steve Lewis, Noreen Forbes, Maureen Stone, Anne Braithwaite, Rolston Callendar, Keith Waithe, Eric Huntley, Jessica Huntley, Leila, Leeland, Shirley, John and Errol.
In 1986 they drew up a constitution which defined clearly their aims and objectives. The committee were Tony Nelson, Anne Johnson, Steve lewis, Karlene Rickards, Claire Villaruel, Keith Waithe, Hazel Alexander, Jessica Huntley and Eric Huntley. The proposed aims were to:
- support the work of Bogle-L'Ouverture (publishing)
- co-operate with Jessica and Eric Huntley in organising poetry readings/book launchings and promotions and discussions on current events which bring more people in touch with the bookshop and with current cultural and political life.
- fund raise when possible
- in order to support the publishing.
- develop the practices of multi-culturalism through the promotion of crafts, education and cultural programmes,
-
enrich the quality of life in Ealing by involving members of the community in creative activity.
The group's greatest support/achievement was in March 1991. An appeal to save Bogle-L'Ouverture was raised by Operation Headstart asking the 'African community to recognise the incalucuable services Sister Jessica and Brother Eric have made to our community for over a quarter of a century. The bookshop has closed and the publishing is under threat. The amount needed to re-start the company is estimated at £3,000 to £5,000. Donations to be sent to Friends of Bogle.'
In October 1996 a Business Plan was created with the following mission statement: Friends of Bogle is committed to:
- Developing a strong readership of African and Caribbean literature throughout the UK and other European countries.
- Providing a coherent structure which would allow potential writers of Afro-Caribbean literature the opportunity to publish their works.
- Securing adequate resources and create the environment to promote works of Black writers currently writing in the UK market.
- Working in partnership with other established publishers to enhance the readership of Afro-Caribbean literature.
- Ensure Friends of Bogle is recognised as a fully fledged publishing house.
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Secure a readership market world-wide over a period by carefully planned achievable targets.
By 1996 the group was responsible for publishing several mainstream writers and were associated with 'allowing the voices of Creole and other black dialects to be heard as never before in the the United Kingdom.' They had also published political writers whose work the mainstream press would have been reluctant to publish. Part of their established track record was the publication of 'Come From That Window Child, 'Child Race Class & Democracy' and 'A Hero'.
The group's skills were used to organise the following:
- 10th Anniversary celebration and a commemorative journal
- Saturday Supplementary School at Ealing Technical College,
- The Marcus Garvey Centenary Celebrations
- The Book Fair and the production of the record of performances
- A Conference in support of the Miners' Strike
- Support for the Newcross Massacre March
- Support to the ANC against the aparthied regime in South Africa
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The Walter Rodney Memorial lectures
Other Friends of Bogle Activities included trying to establish the:
- International Children's Bookfair Society. The Patrons of this group included Jessica Huntley and John Agard. They aimed to set up a children's fair to raise the standard of literature for young people.
-
Carl Kirton's Culture World. The Friends made an application to create a video about the recording engineer Carl Kirton which chronicled his involvement in collecting records from Calypso to Jazz to contemporary music and his wider involvement in other cultural activities such as dance and poetry from other cultures notably Asian and Irish.
Marcus Garvey Centenary Celebrations:
Marcus Garvey a Black Jamaican writer, left the Caribbean to live in New York. There he became politicised and campaigned for Black people to be aware of their history. He advocated a return to Africa and created the Black Star Line shipping company.
This event was celebrated internationally and the Friends held a cultural extravaganza at Ealing Town Hall to mark the occasion. Part of their brief was not only to co-ordinate celebration events in Ealing but to make contact with other groups. They provided the Marcus Garvey exhibition boards which were displayed at the launch in Lambeth. They brought an international flavour to it by including Indian and Chilean entertainers. The Garvey biography for primary schools was completed and a second biography for secondary schools was placed on the forthcoming titles list.
Friends Provident Group plc is a UK-listed life and pensions company, originally founded in 1832 to alleviate the hardship of Quaker families facing misfortune.
Colney Hatch Asylum opened at Friern Barnet in July 1851 as the second pauper lunatic asylum for the County of Middlesex. The first Middlesex County Pauper Asylum, now Saint Bernard's Hospital, had opened at Hanwell in 1831 (see H11/HLL). In 1851 Colney Hatch, designed in the Italianate style by S. W. Dawkes, with 1,250 beds was the largest and most modern institution of its kind in Europe. Within ten years it was enlarged to take 2,000 patients. It had its own cemetery (closed in 1873 after which patients were buried in the Great Northern Cemetery), its own farm on which many patients were employed, its own water supply, and its own sewage works built after local residents complained of untreated sewage from the asylum flowing into Pym's Brook.
On the creation of the County of London in 1889 Colney Hatch Asylum was transferred from the control of the Middlesex Justices to the London County Council, although it remained geographically within the administrative county of Middlesex. The need for more accommodation for lunatics led to construction in 1896 of a temporary wood and iron building for 320 chronic and infirm female patients in five dormitories. This was destroyed by a fire in 1903 with the loss of 51 lives. Between 1908 and 1913 seven permanent brick villas were built, one for behavioural disordered subnormal and epileptic boys, two with verandas for tubercular and dysenteric cases, and the remainder for women who had survived the fire. In 1912 a disused carpenter's shop and stores at the railway siding were converted into additional accommodation for male patients. Brunswick House at Mistley in Essex was leased in 1914 to provide 50 beds for working male patients supervised by a single charge attendant and four assistants. After the First World War, Brunswick House became a separate unit for higher-grade “subnormals”.
Construction of a male admission villa in 1927 and a female nurses home in 1937 freeing 89 beds for female patients brought the number of patients to its highest total of almost 2,700. In 1937 it was renamed Friern Hospital. Patients were admitted from the Metropolitan boroughs of Finsbury, Hampstead, Holborn, Islington, Saint Marylebone, Saint Pancras and Shoreditch. Jewish patients from the whole of the County of London were as far as possible congregated at Friern, which provided special arrangements for the preparation of food and religious ministrations. The staff included nine full time doctors, 494 nurse and 171 probationers.
On the outbreak of the Second World War 12 wards along the main front corridor containing 215 male and 409 female beds were taken over by the Emergency Medical Service run by units from Saint Bartholomew's Hospital. Patients were sent to other hospitals or distributed around the remaining wards. Five villas were either destroyed or damaged by air raids in 1941 in which 36 patients and 4 nurses died. Shortage of accommodation resulted in acute overcrowding.
In 1948 Friern Hospital became part of the National Health Service under the control of the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. It had its own Hospital Management Committee, which was renamed the New Southgate Group Hospital Management Committee on the opening of Halliwick Hospital in 1958. This was a new 145 bed block built in the grounds of Friern at a distance from the main hospital. It was intended to serve as an admission unit to separate recent cases from confirmed, long stay patients. In practice it became a 'neurosis unit' for 'less sick, socially superior, and fringe patients' (Hunter and MacAlpine p.50) selected by the medical staff. By 1972 it ceased to be treated as a separate hospital and, now known as Halliwick House, provided admission and convalescent beds for the main hospital.
By 1973 the official maximum number of patients in Friern had been reduced to 1,500. On the reorganisation of the National Health Service in 1974 the hospital became the responsibility of the North East Thames Regional Health Authority and Camden and Islington Area Health Authority. On the abolition of area health authorities in 1982, Friern was transferred to Hampstead Health Authority, which in 1993 merged with Bloomsbury and Islington Health Authority to form Camden and Islington Health Authority. By 1989 it had been decided that Friern Hospital should close as part of the policy of replacing large long stay mental hospitals with care in the community. The hospital finally closed on 31 March 1993.
Colney Hatch Asylum opened at Friern Barnet in July 1851 as the second pauper lunatic asylum for the County of Middlesex. The first Middlesex County Pauper Asylum, now Saint Bernard's Hospital, had opened at Hanwell in 1831 (see H11/HLL). In 1851 Colney Hatch, designed in the Italianate style by S. W. Dawkes, with 1,250 beds was the largest and most modern institution of its kind in Europe. Within ten years it was enlarged to take 2,000 patients. It had its own cemetery (closed in 1873 after which patients were buried in the Great Northern Cemetery), its own farm on which many patients were employed, its own water supply, and its own sewage works built after local residents complained of untreated sewage from the asylum flowing into Pym's Brook.
On the creation of the County of London in 1889 Colney Hatch Asylum was transferred from the control of the Middlesex Justices to the London County Council, although it remained geographically within the administrative county of Middlesex. The need for more accommodation for lunatics led to construction in 1896 of a temporary wood and iron building for 320 chronic and infirm female patients in five dormitories. This was destroyed by a fire in 1903 with the loss of 51 lives. Between 1908 and 1913 seven permanent brick villas were built, one for behavioural disordered subnormal and epileptic boys, two with verandas for tubercular and dysenteric cases, and the remainder for women who had survived the fire. In 1912 a disused carpenter's shop and stores at the railway siding were converted into additional accommodation for male patients. Brunswick House at Mistley in Essex was leased in 1914 to provide 50 beds for working male patients supervised by a single charge attendant and four assistants. After the First World War Brunswick House became a separate unit for higher-grade subnormals.
Construction of a male admission villa in 1927 and a female nurses home in 1937 freeing 89 beds for female patients brought the number of patients to its highest total of almost 2,700. In 1937 it was renamed Friern Hospital. Patients were admitted from the Metropolitan boroughs of Finsbury, Hampstead, Holborn, Islington, Saint Marylebone, Saint Pancras and Shoreditch. Jewish patients from the whole of the County of London were as far as possible congregated at Friern, which provided special arrangements for the preparation of food and religious ministrations. The staff included nine full time doctors, 494 nurse and 171 probationers.
On the outbreak of the Second World War 12 wards along the main front corridor containing 215 male and 409 female beds were taken over by the Emergency Medical Service run by units from Saint Bartholomew's Hospital. Patients were sent to other hospitals or distributed around the remaining wards. Five villas were either destroyed or damaged by air raids in 1941 in which 36 patients and 4 nurses died. Shortage of accommodation resulted in acute overcrowding.
In 1948 Friern Hospital became part of the National Health Service under the control of the North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. It had its own Hospital Management Committee, which was renamed the New Southgate Group Hospital Management Committee on the opening of Halliwick Hospital in 1958. This was a new 145 bed block built in the grounds of Friern at a distance from the main hospital. It was intended to serve as an admission unit to separate recent cases from confirmed, long stay patients. In practice it became a 'neurosis unit' for 'less sick, socially superior, and fringe patients' (Hunter and MacAlpine p.50) selected by the medical staff. By 1972 it ceased to be treated as a separate hospital and, now known as Halliwick House, provided admission and convalescent beds for the main hospital.
By 1973 the official maximum number of patients in Friern had been reduced to 1,500. On the reorganisation of the National Health Service in 1974 the hospital became the responsibility of the North East Thames Regional Health Authority and Camden and Islington Area Health Authority. On the abolition of area health authorities in 1982, Friern was transferred to Hampstead Health Authority, which in 1993 merged with Bloomsbury and Islington Health Authority to form Camden and Islington Health Authority. By 1989 it had been decided that Friern Hospital should close as part of the policy of replacing large long stay mental hospitals with care in the community. The hospital finally closed on 31 March 1993.
Friern Hospital, New Southgate (formerly Colney Hatch Asylum) was normally used as a mental hospital, but on the outbreak of the Second World War 900 beds were set aside for the treatment of civilian war casualties. The City of London Maternity Hospital occupied part of the hospital after its own premises in Finsbury were severely damaged by bombing in September 1940 until the end of March 1941 when these beds were required for air-raid casualties.
William Howard Frindall was born on 3 March 1939 in Epsom, Surrey. He had four children - Raymond, Stuart, Vanessa and Alice, and was educated at Tadworth County Primary School and Reigate Grammar School, going on to study architecture at the Kingston School of Art.
Frindall spent 43 years as the scorer for Test Match Special on the BBC, replacing the previous scorer, Arthur Wrigley, who died in October 1965. During this time he covered all of England's home Test series for the BBC, and meticulously recorded the scores onto paper using different colours to differentiate between the batsman and scores, also highlighting important entries.
Frindall developed a method of scoring Test matches that he believed originated in Australia. When becoming Test Match Special's scorer in 1966, he revised and redesigned the ball-by-ball method of play that commentators relied upon. The method followed basic conventions of the standard system as described in former MCC Secretary Colonel R S Rait-Kerr's textbook Cricket Umpiring and Scoring, and used three different types of scoresheet: a ball-by-ball record of play, a cumulative record of bowling analyses and extras, and the innings scorecard. This method became widely popular, so much so that Frindall in later years sold scoresheet templates to prospective cricket scorers.
Frindall also wrote a weekly column for the Daily Express, also providing scores to other major national newspapers. He also was editor of the Playfair Cricket Annual for 23 years, and worked on the Wisden Book of Test Cricket, Guinness Facts and Feats, England Test Cricketers: The complete record from 1877 as well as releasing an autobiography, Bearders: My Life in Cricket, in 2006. He was appointed an MBE for services to cricket and broadcasting in 2004, and died in 2009.
The centrepiece of the collection is the original scoresheets that Frindall created whilst scoring for the BBC. They include all of England's home series from June 1966-2008, and a selection of overseas Test matches on England tours from 1975-2008. Frindall also covered all England's home one-day internationals from 1972-2005, and England matches/finals of the World Cups of 1975-1983, and 1996-2003. The collection contains files of scoresheets, statistics and newspaper cuttings relating to tours not involving England, player and team statistical files, newspaper cuttings, photographs, and files relating to books Frindall wrote and published throughout his career.
No information was discovered at the time of compilation.
The Froebel Educational Institute was inaugurated at a meeting held in the Westminster Palace Hotel on the 25th October 1892, through the initiative of Mrs Julia Salis Schwabe and a group of liberal-minded men and women who formed the membership of the Froebel Society (to give it its full title, Froebel Society for the Promotion of the Kindergarten System) which had come into being in London in 1874. The Froebel Educational Institute (FEI) was inaugurated as a non-denominational college, and was intended to promote the kindergarten system in Britain. One of their most strongly held convictions was that the training of teachers should include practical experience, and consequently the FEI was provided from its inception with a co-educational Demonstration School with a Kindergarten.
On 20th September 1894, the College formally opened in Talgarth Road, West Kensington, and Madame Emilie Michaelis was appointed as the first Principal. FEI's first school, the fee-paying Colet Gardens Demonstration School, was opened in 1895, and was followed by the Challoner Street Practising School in 1899 (the latter survived until 1918, when its pupils were transferred to Colet Gardens). In 1896, the Michaelis Guild was formed as the alumni organisation for ex-Froebel College students.
In 1900, the FEI became the 'Incorporated Froebel Educational Institute', a registered company under the Board of Trade; the governing body was known as the Committee of Members. Esther Lawrence succeeded Emilie Michaelis as Principal in 1901: she remained in the post until 1931, overseeing the growth and development of FEI into a residential college based at Roehampton. Esther Lawrence was closely involved in the founding of two of the oldest nursery schools in London - the Michaelis Free Kindergarten in Notting Dale (founded in 1908, later the Notting Hill Nursery School) and the Somers Town Nursery School near St Pancras (1910).
In 1921, the FEI purchased Grove House at Roehampton and moved the students there in 1922. Colet Gardens School remained in Talgarth Road and expanded into the old College accommodation. As the Roehampton site developed, there was a need for a school in the grounds, and Grove House School was opened in 1929 (it closed in 1939). Student numbers were growing so rapidly that the FEI purchased Templeton, a listed building in Priory Lane, Roehampton, in 1930. A new Principal, Eglantyne Mary Jebb, continued the policy of expansion and growth, overseeing major extensions to the Grove House property designed by Verner Rees. During World War Two, the College was evacuated to Knebworth and Offley Place, Hertfordshire, while the Demonstration School was moved to Little Gaddesdon nearby. When the war ended, the Demonstration School moved to new premises at Ibstock Place in Roehampton. Offley Place was retained as a rural training centre until 1953.
On the establishment of the University of London Institute of Education, FEI became one of its constituent colleges. Eglantyne Mary Jebb retired as Principal in 1955 and was succeeded by Molly Brearley, who oversaw some major changes, not least the requirement in 1960 that all teachers take a three-year training course. The following year, Molly Brearley introduced the pioneering one-year Diploma in Education, the first offered in a College of Education. More expansions to the College took place under the direction of the firm Norman and Dawbarn, notably several halls of residence and the Olive Garnett Building. Molly Brearley retired in 1970. Further course developments included the introduction of the Postgraduate Certificate of Education in 1971, and an MA in Education in 1974. A joint project with Queen Mary Hospital came to fruition in 1989, when the Redford House Nursery was opened, once again providing a school on-site.
Plans to form a union of the four voluntary teacher-training colleges in the south-west of London began to take shape in the early 1970s, with the four acting as an academic unity to offer BA, BSc and B Humanities degrees, validated by the University of London, from 1974. The Roehampton Institute of Higher Education (RIHE) was formally incorporated in 1975, with each of the constituent colleges - Froebel, Whitelands, Southlands and Digby Stuart - retaining its own corporate identity. The title Roehampton Institute London was subsequently adopted. Though its degrees were validated by the University of Surrey from 1985, full university status was achieved in 2000, when the Roehampton Institute formally entered into federation with the University of Surrey and became known as the University of Surrey, Roehampton.
Born 22 May 1916, Munich, Germany; studied mathematics at Bristol University, Dec 1945-Oct 1950; Assistant Lecturer in Mathematics, University of Leicester 1950-1952; Lecturer in Pure Mathematics at the University College of North Staffordshire 1952-1955; Reader in Mathematics, King's College London, 1955-1962; Professor of Mathematics, King's College London, 1962; Head of Mathematics Department, King's College London, 1969-1981; visiting Professor, University of Bordeaux, 1975 and 1984; Emeritus Professor, 1981; fellowship of Robinson College, Cambridge, 1982, (Emeritus Fellow 1984); Senior Research Fellowship, Imperial College London, 1982; died 8 Nov 2001.
Harold Frost, psychic researcher and verger, was born in Colchester, Essex, in 1895; during the First World War, he served with the Inns of Court Officer Training Corps, before being gazetted to the 7th Suffolk Regiment and serving at the Somme, France and in Belgium; during the 1920s and 1930s, Frost became interested in psychic research and investigated and worked with various medium circles in Essex and other areas; medical clerk to the Chairman of Colchester Medical Board of the Ministry of Labour, 1939, later being transferred to Ministry of Food Headquarters Office, Colwyn Bay for licensing of firms in animal feeding stuffs; transferred to Chelmsford Essex Divisional Food Office as Salvage Officer for Essex and Hertfordshire areas, 1942, and once again to the Ministry of Supply, carrying out testing at Springfield Uranium Factory, Lancashire; moved to Dacca, East Pakistan and worked as a General Manager of Zeenat Printing Works and in public relations, 1955-1961; returned to England in 1962, joining the Sue Ryder organisation and carried out general duties and nursing; served as a verger in Banbury from the 1960s to his death in 1975.
Harold Frost, psychic researcher and verger, was born in Colchester, Essex, in 1895; during the First World War, he served with the Inns of Court Officer Training Corps, before being gazetted to the 7th Suffolk Regiment and serving at the Somme, France and in Belgium; during the 1920s and 1930s, Frost became interested in psychic research and investigated and worked with various medium circles in Essex and other areas; medical clerk to the Chairman of Colchester Medical Board of the Ministry of Labour, 1939, later being transferred to Ministry of Food Headquarters Office, Colwyn Bay for licensing of firms in animal feeding stuffs; transferred to Chelmsford Essex Divisional Food Office as Salvage Officer for Essex and Hertfordshire areas, 1942, and once again to the Ministry of Supply, carrying out testing at Springfield Uranium Factory, Lancashire; moved to Dacca, East Pakistan and worked as a General Manager of Zeenat Printing Works and in public relations, 1955-1961; returned to England in 1962, joining the Sue Ryder organisation and carried out general duties and nursing; served as a verger in Banbury from the 1960s to his death in 1975.
c 1906: Farmer near Colchester in Essex.
1914-1918: Inns of court O.T.C. Gazetted to 7th Suffolks and went to the Somme, France.
Late 1920s-1930s: Interest in psychical investigations.
1939: Medical clerk to the Chairman of Colchester Medical Board of the Ministry of Labour.
1941: Transferred to Ministry of Food Headquarters Office, Colwyn Bay for licensing of firms in Animal Feeding stuffs.
1942: Transferred to Chelmsford Essex Divisional Food Office as Salvage Officer for Essex and Hertfordshire areas.
1950: Transferred to Ministry of Supply and carried out testing at Springfield Uranium Factory, Lancashire.
1955-1961: Moved to Dacca, East Pakistan and worked as a General Manager of Zeenat Printing Works and public relations.
1962: Joined the Sue Ryder organisation and carried out general duties and nursing.
1960s: Verger.
No information available at present.