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Born in 1922; educated at Christ Church, Oxford; served in Coldstream Guards, 1942-1945; Assistant Lecturer in History, King's College London, 1947; Lecturer, 1950; Lecturer in War Studies, 1953-1961; co-founder of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1957; Professor of War Studies, 1963-1968; Visiting Professor of European History, Stanford University, 1967; Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1968-1980; Ford's Lecturer in English History, Oxford, 1971; Radcliffe Lecturer, University of Warwick, 1975; Trevelyan Lecturer, Cambridge, 1977; Chichele Professor of History of War, Oxford, 1977-1980; Regius Professor of Modern History and Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1980-1989; Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History, Yale University,1989-93; Emeritus Professor of Modern History, Oxford University since 1989.
Publications: The Coldstream Guards, 1920-1946 (with John Hanbury Angus Sparrow) (Oxford University Press, London, 1951; Disengagement in Europe (Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1958); Wellingtonian studies (editor) (Wellington College, Wellington, Somerset, 1959); The Franco-Prussian War (Rupert Hart Davis, London, 1961); The theory and practice of war (editor) (Cassell,London, 1965); The Mediterranean strategy in the Second World War (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1967); Studies in war and peace (Maurice Temple Smith, London, 1970); Grand strategy (Vol 4, Official History of the Second World War, Military Series) (HMSO, London, 1971); The continental commitment (Temple Smith, London, 1972); War in European history (Oxford University Press, London, 1976); War and the Liberal conscience (Temple Smith, London, 1978); Restraints on war (editor) (Oxford University Press, London, 1979); The causes of war (Maurice Temple Smith, London, 1983); Clausewitz (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1983); Strategic deception in World War Two (Pimlico, London, 1990); The lessons of history (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991).