Showing 1681 results

Archival description
GB 0096 AL 488 · Collection · 1976

Papers of Alfred John Fairbank, 1976, comprise a postcard to Miss Joan Gibbs.

Fairbank , Alfred John , 1895-1982 , calligrapher
GB 0096 AL 480 · Collection · 1974

Papers of Alfred John Fairbank, 1974, comprise a letter to Joan [Mary Gibbs], commenting on their respective states of health. 'I miss visits to the Palaeographical Room [in the University of London Library, Senate House] which so often gave me help and interest'.

Fairbank , Alfred John , 1895-1982 , calligrapher
Fairbank , Alfred John: card
GB 0096 AL 498 · Collection · 1976

Papers of Alfred John Fairbank, 1976, comprise a card to Miss Joan Gibbs sending greetings for the Christmas season.

Fairbank , Alfred John , 1895-1982 , calligrapher
GB 0096 MS 590 · 1518-1599

Manuscript volume containing a 'Memoire de plusieurs choses et decisions remarquables tirees des liures de deliberations reposants en la Chambre de la Cour', relating to the Parlement of Dôle, France, and giving extracts of business between 1518 and 1599. The parchment cover of the volume was cut from 16th century book of accounts principally concerning salt, including the 'Vendues des sels de ceste Septembre' (almost complete).

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 591 · [1528]

Manuscript extracts from 'le plus ancien registre qui se trouve au grand Conseil du Roy [lequel] commence [au] dernier jour du mois d'octobre 1483 & finissant le 7e jour de fevrier 1527', possibly written in 1528.

Unknown
Export ledger, 1836
GB 0096 MS 571 · 1836

Export ledger with a printed title page 'Beer Surveys, No.1. To be used for brandy & wine stock book, ruled, unruled, distillery & cider minutes & distillery checks', possibly kept by John Burton, excise export surveyor, from 11-18 Oct 1836, and numbered '12' on the cover. Items examined in the City of London and Southwark include glass 'packed for exportation', (including bottles for beer and wine), tobacco, paper and soap, also bricks being shipped from Bridport, Dorset, in 1850. Transcripts of instructions, memoranda, licences etc and printed forms (export packing certificates, payment of excise declarations, export shipping notices etc) are also included.

Possibly: Burton , John , fl 1836 , excise export surveyor
Exeter and Exmouth Railway
GB 0096 MS 552 · 1847-1857

Papers relating to the Exeter and Exmouth Railway, 1847-1857, comprising correspondence concerning purchase of lands for the railway and parliamentary proceedings as follows.

  1. Four printed letters completed in manuscript, dated between 11 and 17 Dec 1856, and addressed to Frederick Sanders, solicitor, of Exeter, registering assent, dissent or neutrality to proposals to extend the time for compulsary purchase of lands for the railway which were to appear before parliament; (i) and (iii) assented, (iv) dissented, and (ii) James Pitts, declared himself neutral, adding 'If you get an extension of time for 50 years I do not believe your line will be made'.
  2. Letter of 28 Apr 1847, from Messrs. Carter & Chanter, Barnstable, to Frederick Kitson, solicitor, of Exeter, concerning land in the Manor of Tawton Deane required for the Taw Valley Railway, in which the Dean of Exeter and Mr Brailey have an interest.
  3. Letter of 5 Jan 1854, from Messrs. Osborne Ward & Co., Bristol, to Ralph Barnes, solicitor, of Exeter, replying to a request for advice on the 'mortgage of tolls under the Railway Act'.
  4. Letter of 24 Apr 1857, from Messrs. Pritt, Sherwood, Venables, and Quiller, of 7 Great George Street, Westminster, to Frederick Sanders, solicitor, of Exeter, concerning the progress of the railway's bill in parliament.
Unknown
Excise trial brief
GB 0096 MS 728 · [1723]

Brief for the trial of John Hatch and David Boyce, dealers in foreign and British spirits at Averstoake in the county of Southampton, [1723], headed 'For the Attorney General...Information for the 10s. per gallon penalty for not keeping British spirits seperate [sic] from foreign brandy', and endorsed with the signatures of Sir Thomas Pengelly, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and J. White, solicitor, and with the words 'To attend Mr. Justice [Alexander] Denton upon the point reserved. Ellis Solicitor for the Excise. For Sir Thomas Pengelly'. The dealers had been accused of mixing foreign and British spirits to avoid the customs: '...the said dealers kept in their warehouses and storehouses great numbers of caskes both of foreign brandy and of British spirits, which they industriously laid and placed in the most confused and disorderly manner they could contrive, on purpose to perplex and confound the officers...'.

Unknown
Excise Officer's notebook
GB 0096 MS 707 · [1827-1860]

Manuscript notebook kept by an excise officer in service between 1827 and 1854, during which time he acted in Dorset, Wiltshire, Berkshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Oxfordshire, the Isle of Wight, Bristol, Southampton, Liverpool, Scotland and Ireland. The notes are of an extremely miscellaneous nature, mostly not of a professional kind; they include cask sizes, import of tobacco and snuff, recipes, historical notes and tables, addresses, and extracts from the churchwardens' accounts of Banwell, Somerset.

Stroud, Richard (1799-1876) excise officer
Excise Act, 1650
GB 0096 MS 35 · [1650]

Manuscript volume containing a copy of a Parliamentary 'Act for Continuance of the Receipt of Excise until 29th Sept 1653', 1650.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 618 · [1860-1865]

Manuscript volume concerning the fraudulent activities of maltsters and distillers, [1860], including tables of inspections made by postmasters in Kingston and Surbiton Common, London, from 1838 to 1844, investigating frauds by distillers, with reports on hypothetical cases of fraud, one dated 1861, and what appear to be copies of answers to examination questions. This section includes printed Regulations respecting the entry of premises subject to the survey of the excise (Excise Office, London, 1835). Inserted are a number of loose sheets, 1859-1865, including a lists of examination questions on the control of disilleries which were set in an examination at Somerset House, notes on duties and law relating to the Excise, as well as a letter from J Williams dated 31 Jan 1863 and giving 'the particulars of the late examination'.

Unknown
GB 0096 AL217 · Fonds · [1860]-1874

7 letters, mainly written to Marian Evans, [1860]-1874. Correspondents include Sir Edward C Burne-Jones, Sir Frederic Burton, John Chapman, George Henry Lewes, Edmund Owen, Herbert Spencer and Sir Charles V Stanford. Several of the letters express appreciation of the quality of George Eliot's writing.

All letters are autograph, with signatures.

Cross , Mary Anne , 1819-1880 , nee Evans , novelist x Eliot , George x Evans , Mary Ann x Evans , Marian x Lewes , Marian Evans
European photographs
GB 0096 MS1150 · Fonds · [1910-1920]

European photographs collection, [1910-1920], comprises photographs of areas including Nuremberg, Venice, the Mittaghorn, Funchal, Camara de Lobos, Rome.

Unknown
Ethel M. Wood
GB 0096 MS 1109 · Fonds · 1944-c1970

A notebook, loose notes and index cards containing information about bibles and biblical works purchased by Ethel M. Wood; a notebook containing details of biblical characters, quotes and references; various loose notes with names, dates and telephone numbers and a letter from Tim Munby (12 September 1946).

Wood , Ethel Mary , 1876-1970 , book collector
GB 0096 MS 171 · 1832-1833

Manuscript volume containing 'An essay on the causes and cure of a redundant agricultural population', written in Glasgow, 1832-1833. Inscribed by Herbert Somerton Foxwell as written 'By a boy under 16 years of age'.

Unknown
Essay on miniature painters
GB 0096 MS 248 · 1746

Transcript of a work entitled 'Traitté ou sont enseignées toutes les manières de piendre en mignature, avec plusiers exemples des plus excellens peintres de ce siècle', 1746, comprising an account of the different styles of various miniature painters of that era, notably Louis du Guernier, Jean Eckman, Louis van de Bruggen, Jean Petitot, as well as paintings by Sir Anthony Van Dyck, Claude Vignon and Charles Lebrun.

Unknown
Essay on alcoholic beverages
GB 0096 MS 424 · 1836-1837

Manuscript essay entitled 'On the influence upon health of alcoholic Drinks as an article of Diet including the consideration whether any quantity of any kind be necessary for the maintenance of health in those who are engaged in laborious occupations'. The title-page is dated January 1st 1837 and the conclusion is dated December 31st 1836.

Unknown
GB 0096 AL359 · Fonds · 1916

Letter from Thomas Hay Sweet Escott of 33 Sackville Road, Hove, Brighton, [Sussex] to John Collins Francis, 1 Apr 1916. Mentioning several writers for the Standard: 'During all my Standard time Alfred Austin the Poet Laureate was one of the chief writers. After my time I believe that Sidney Low, formerly under [Frederick] Greenwood of the Pall Mall, a certain [Samuel Henry] Jeyes and a certain Richardson Evans were considered important writers ...'.

Autograph, with signature.

Escott , Thomas Hay Sweet , 1844-1924 , journalist and newspaper editor
GB 0096 MS 436 · 1666

Manuscript copy of An Epitome of Mr. Burtons Commentary on the British part of Antoninus his Itinerary, 1666. The title-page is decorated with fleurs-de-lys in red, a lion rampant and various inscriptions. There are also alphabetical tables to the text, and folios 19-61 are numbered as 1-85.
Burton's Commentary was published in 1658, but this Epitome was never published.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 992 · Unknown

Hand coloured engraving of Windsheim (now Bad-Windsheim) in Germany, taken from an edition of Sebastian Münster's Cosmographia.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 383 · [1764]

Manuscript volume containing 'A general abstract of the stamp duties for thirty years, ending the 2nd August 1764, distinguishing each year'. The abstract is signed 'Made out and carefully examined by I Harris, pro Comptroller'.

Harris , J , fl 1764 , financial comptroller
GB 0096 MS 76 · 1702-1710

Manuscript volume containing an account of the public revenue of England, 1702-1710.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 58 · 1693-1700

Manuscript volumes containing an account of the public revenue of England, 1693-1700, entitled 'The general state of receipts and issues of the the publick revenue between the Feast of St Michael 1693 and the Feast of Saint Michael 1694' (continued to Michaelmas 1700).

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 75 · 1688-1702

Manuscript volume containing an account of the public revenue of England, Nov 1688-Mar 1702, with an abstract for the whole period.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 54 · 1688-1696

Manuscript volume containing an account of the public revenue of England, Nov 1688-Sep 1691, with an extension of the statement to 1696 in the same hand, entitled 'A brief state of the incomes and issues of their Majesties public revenue...'.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 53 · 1688-1691

Manuscript volume containing a statement of the public revenue of England, 1688-1691, including accounts of the receipts, and the expenditure on the Navy, Army, Ordnance, Secret Service, Privy Purse, Wardrobe, Ambassadors, Judges, Pensions, the servants of King William III, and interest of loans. There are entries of many irregularities and unchecked issues. There is a possibility that this manuscript was created by Francis Gwyn as Under-Secretary of State.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 746 · [1785]

Manuscript volume containing 'An abstract of the gross and net produce of the revenue of excise, malt, etc', with sections on 'rates on exciseable commodities' (including beer, wines, spirits, malt, candles, soap, paper, printed silks, wire, starch, hides, coffee, tea, chocolate, silver household plate and plate licences, victuallers licences, glass, coaches auctioneers' licences and auctions, male servants, bricks and tiles, linen, cotton, etc), the repeal of duties on paper in 1781 and additions of 1784, an 'Account of the Appropriations of the excise revenue', and 'Gross and Net produce of Excise, Malt etc' from 1709-1785.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 41 · 1662-1785

Manuscript volume containing tables giving a statement of the [English] excise revenue from Michaelmas 1662 to [Jul 1875]. There is a possibility that this manuscript was created by Sir Grey Cooper, Secretary to the Treasury.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 203 · [1763]

Manuscript volume containing an 'Account of the gross produce of the several duties under the management of Excise, with their respective appropriations and rates, and the times of their commencement', written in [1763], and covering the period 1662 to 1763. There is a possibility that this manuscript was created by James Bindley, Commissioner of Stamp Duties, 1765-1818.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 40 · 1662-1763

Manuscript volume containing tables giving a statement of [English] excise revenue from Michaelmas 1662 to [Jun 1763]. There is a possibility that this manuscript was created by John Bindley, a Commissioner of the Excise Office.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 39 · 1662-1730

Manuscript volume containing tables giving a statement of English excise revenue from Michaelmas 1662 to 1730. The earlier tables are in summary form, but from 1693 to 1730 a full account is given.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 90 · 1662-1713

Manuscript volume containing a statement of the revenue managed by the Commissioners of Excise, 1662-1713, including an account of the numbers of common brewers, victuallers and distillers in England, Wales and Berwick, and the quantities of exciseable liquors made and imported by them. Includes a statement of parliamentary appropriations from the excise revenue.

Unknown
English excise duties, 1736
GB 0096 MS 759 · [1736]

Draft, with marginal notes, of A letter from a Member of Parliament...containing his reasons for being against the late Act for preventing the retail of spirituous liquors, published in 1736. The letter concerns the writer's reasons for not supporting this Act (9 Geo.II c.23 - 1736), although he had supported the 'Act for laying a duty upon compound waters' (2 Geo.II c.17-1729, repealed by 6 Geo. II c.17-1733). Many of the arguments in the letter, for and against the Act, are given in similar terminology in Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England, vol IX (1811), columns 1032-44, and more particularly columns 1059-1110.

Unknown
English Exchequer warrant
GB 0096 MS 708 · 1747

Warrant of 10 Dec 1747 addressed to Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford and Auditor of the Exchequer, for the payment to Richard Tuck, Sheriff of Wiltshire, of £160 'to repay the like sum disbursed by him for the following rewards upon the conviction of the several offenders mentioned in the annexed certificates'. These certificates are wanting, but a list follows of the names of the offenders and of those securing their conviction, with details of the sums paid as rewards totalling £160.

Unknown
English Exchequer petition
GB 0096 MS 877 · 1572/1598

Petition of John Carpenter, royal messenger, for payment 'by one of the Tellers of the Queenes Majesties receipt at Westeminster', for a journey made on behalf of William Cecil, Baron Burghley, Lord High Treasurer, to Mr. Gaige, near Lewes, Mr. Boswell of Sevenoaks, and Mr. Robert Petre of Westminster, and his return to the court at Rye. With Cecil's signature, probably dating to either 1572 or 1598.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 211 · 1708-1739

Manuscript volumes entitled 'Dividend Book of Fees', 1709-1738, giving details of fees paid each week to Tellers of the Exchequer and Clerks of the Treasury, who worked in the Exchequer of Receipt. Reginald Rye, Goldsmith's Librarian of the University of London, states that these are probably semi-official copies of accounts.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 74 · 1660-1702

Manuscript volume, 1660-1702, containing transcripts of briefs, patents and commissions relating to the Exchequer, from the reign of King Charles II to the beginning of the reign of Queen Anne, with descriptions of offices within the Exchequer. There is a possibility that this manuscript was compiled by William Bromley.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 74 · 1660-1702

Manuscript volume, 1660-1702, containing transcripts of briefs, patents and commissions relating to the Exchequer, from the reign of King Charles II to the beginning of the reign of Queen Anne, with descriptions of offices within the Exchequer. There is a possibility that this manuscript was compiled by William Bromley, and it is of considerable interest for the history of the Exchequer.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 465 · 1670-1846
  1. A miscellaneous collection of orders, receipts and warrants for payment issued by various departments of the Exchequer, with letters of assignment and attorney relating to those who had financial dealings with the Exchequer, 1670-1774. From the mutilated state of some items, the documents appear to have been collected for their autograph interest. Signatories mainly comprise senior politicians and statesmen connected with the Exchequer, notably Prime Ministers, Chancellors and Lord Treasurers.
  2. Miscellaneous correspondence, 1728-1846, also collected for its autograph interest. They comprise:
    a) An Ordnance Office Order of 21 May, 1728, to issue from the Tower powder and shot for six months' exercise to the first Regiment of Foot Guards, signed by John Armstrong, George Gregory, Leonard Smelt, T. White and Charles Wills. It is accompanied by a note of delivery, 24 May, 1728, signed by Leonard Welsted. (2 leaves. 12½" x 8").
    b) Letter from Commodore Thomas Collingwood, written from Grafton Gros, Islet Bay in St Lucia on 27 January, 1780, to Thomas Shirley announcing the delivery by James Gordon of 34 puncheons of rum to be supplied to the ships. (Single sheet, 13" x 8").
    c) Late 18th century notes on the church of Bowers Gifford and Bowers Hall Manor, Essex, with particular reference to the Boughton family. The final leaf bears a postmark and is addressed to 'Mr. Thorne, senr., at Mistress Spenloves, Silk Mercer, Cornhill, London'. (4 leaves. 14½" x 9").
    d) Letter of 19 Oct 1800, written at Mount Juliet, Thomastown, from Somerset Lowry-Corry, Viscount Corry, later 2nd Earl Belmore, to William Leader of Liquor Pond Street, London, concerning the acquisition of a carriage. The letter requires him to 'put in hands for me immediately a chaise with a box to take on and off so that it may be either used as a street carriage or for travelling. I should wish it to be very complete and finished in the highest manner - The Butler arms must be quartered with mine on...it'. This letter was written on the eve of Lord Corry's marriage, by special licence, at Mount Juliet, to Juliana, daughter of Henry Thomas Butler, 2nd Earl of Carrick. (2 leaves. 9¼" x 7¼").
    e) Letter from Samuel Whitbread, dated 18 Jan 1801, to Mr. Lucas, coachmaker, Liquor Pond Street, [perhaps concerning the coach mentioned above]. (Single sheet. 4½ x 7½").
    f) Letter from Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne, 26 Apr 1802, ordering 'One pair of riding breeches [from] Joseph Porter'. (Single sheet. 4½ x 6").
    g) Letter from Edmund Boyle, 8th Earl of Cork, written in St. Albans on 18 Jul 1803, to Mr. Lucas, coachmaker, Liquor Pond Street, arranging for him to call. There are some pencilled notes below. (2 leaves. 9" x 7¼").
    h) Agreement, made 16 Feb 1811, between Ron[ald] Campbell, Major in the 72nd regiment, Charles Decoetlogon, H. Irwin, John Moody, Joseph Reed and Thomas Stones, prize agents, to share equally in the 'emoluments and advantages arising from the prize agency for the capture of the Isle of France. (2 leaves. 13" x 7¾").
    i) Letter from Joseph Coppock, written at Sandfords Library, Plymouth Dock, on 17 Sep 1817, to Messrs. Clarksons, solicitors, Essex Street, Strand, London, mentioning the affairs of Mr. A.N. Earl(e), and arranging for a call to be made on 'Mr. Holt, the accountant for stores at the Victualling Office...to sign your name to a letter of application I made to the Board in your name for duplicate certificates some time ago...'. (2 leaves. 9" x 7½").
    j) Weekly return of coals, candles and brooms issued to the 71st Regiment from 12-18 February, 1821, at the New Infantry Barracks, Canterbury. Lists names of officers supplied. Signed Joseph William Dutie, 'D.M.' and A. Jones, Major commanding the 71st Regiment. (Single sheet. 12½" x 8").
    k) Printed broker's receipt of 28 May, 1846, for Consolidated 3% Annuities sold on behalf of Miss Eliza Wardell and John Froggatt, esq., executors of J.A. Wardell, esq. Signed by John Bull, broker. (Single sheet. 3" x 8").
Unknown
GB 0096 MS 729 · 1715

Exchequer order, dated 7 May 1715, addressed to George Montagu, Auditor of the Receipt of the Exchequer, by virtue of letters under the Privy Seal of 31 Dec 1714, to pay to Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine, £200 (a quarter of his annuity) from money applicable to the uses of the civil government. The order is signed by Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, First Lord of the Treasury, and endorsed 'Intr. in Officio Cler. pelliu[m]'.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 737 · 1675

Exchequer order, 6 Aug 1675, signed by Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby and Lord Treasurer, and Sir John Duncombe, Chancellor of the Exchequer, to Sir Robert Howard, the Auditor of the Exchequer, authorising payment of £2392 8s. 4d. to Henry Savile 'in consideration of his fidelity in his Majesty's service'. On the dorse is a receipt for the money, dated 7 Sep 1675, and signed by Savile.

Unknown
English Exchequer Bills
GB 0096 MS 65 · 1696-1697

Manuscript volume containing papers relating to the issue of Exchequer Bills during the reign of King William III in order to carry on the war with France (the War of the Grand Alliance), 1696-1697, notably a holograph memorandum by Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, advocating steps to encourage subscriptions to Exchequer bills and steps to make the bills assignable, [1696]; a draft of letters patent of King William III concerning the payment of Dutch troops, written in Dutch, [1696]; a list of subscribers to the contract for exchanging bills, 4 May 1697; a copy of the sign manual warrant to the Treasury ordering payment to the trustees of the second contract for Exchequer bills of the interest on the subscription contracted, [1697]; a Statement of Exchequer bills from 27 Apr to 9 Jun, 11 Jun 1697; a tract [by William Paterson] headed 'A proposall for setling a transferrable fund of perpetual interest', which is possibly the first proposal for a funded debt.

Unknown.
GB 0096 MS 100 · 1722-1774

Manuscript volume containing papers relating to coinage and the Royal Mint, 1722-1774, including a table of the gold and silver minted in the reigns of kings and queens of England from Queen Elizabeth I up to 1772, with a value in sterling for the total in each reign; a table of gold and silver minted from 20 Jul 1660-31 Dec 1751, with a value in sterling for the amount minted in each reign within this period; table of the weight of gold brought to the Mint for 20 years [1751-1770], with columns showing by whom it was brought and in what species it was coined; a table of 'gold at the Mint before the diminished guineas were sent', with a monthly account of gold coined from Aug 1773 to May 1774 and a statement of all gold coined from 1760-1774; an account of cut guineas imported into the Mint between 25 Aug 1773 and 9 Aug 1774, and delivered out between 13 Oct 1773 and 5 Oct 1774; tables giving the costs of coining various metals; a calculation table [for measuring fineness]; details of rises in salaries for officers of the Mint; details of salary scales for officers of the Mint, [Aug 1772].

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 160 · c1825

The original Deed of Association of the English and Bristol Channels Ship Canal. Contains about 600 signatures, opposite each of which are shown the number of deposits paid and amount subscribed, c1825.

English and Bristol Channels Ship Canal Company
Englefield, Teresa Ann
GB 0096 MS 284 · 1772

A notebook dated 1772 bearing the title The Rudiments of Geography and Astronomy, from the Dictates of Sam. Dunn, Teacher of Mathamaticks &c.

Englefield , Teresa Ann , fl 1772 , daughter of Sir Henry Englefield
Englefield, Samuel
GB 0096 MS 787 · c1897

A notebook, c1897, containing forged signatures of letters from nineteenth century literary and other figures, collected by Samuel Englefield.

Englefield , Samuel , fl 1897 , collector
GB 0096 MS942 · Fonds · c 1701

A volume giving information on the quantity and value of goods imported and exported to and from England, 1696-1701. The volume has the book plate of John Holroyd, Earl of Sheffield.

Holroyd , John Baker , 1735-1821 , 1st Earl of Sheffield , statesman
GB 0096 MS 837 · 1615

Writ, dated 13 May 1615, addressed to the Sheriff of Essex ordering him to have John Webb brought to Westminster to do homage for the manor of Engamehath, held of the Crown, which he had recently received from Thomas Broxley without royal licence. Endorsed by the officials concerned.

Unknown
GB 0096 MS 143 · 1796-1804

Minute book of the Enclosure Commissioners for Luddington and Garthorpe and a printed Enclosure Act for Luddington and Garthorpe, 1796-1804.

Enclosure Commissioners for Luddington and Garthorpe.
GB 0096 AL149 · Fonds · 1562

Letter from Emperor Ferdinand I of Prague to the Judge and Councillor of Enns, 10 May 1562. Refusing a petition, sent by his son Maximilian, for the closing down of a church.

Written in another hand and signed by the Emperor.

Ferdinand I , 1503-1564 , Holy Roman Emperor