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Papers of Sir Henry Hallett Dale, comprising official correspondence, personal files, diaries, lectures and related correspondence, reprints, and miscellaneous items, such as photographs, and slides. Much of the material deals with the war years 1940-1945. The supplementary collection added by Lady Todd (Dale's daughter) in 1978 consisted of additional papers and correspondence, with Dale's medals and awards.

Extensive papers of Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, relating to almost every aspect of his career in science and public life. The scientific materials include a complete run of laboratory notebooks, 1924-1968, files on the work for which Florey is best known, penicillin and antibiotics, 1940-1962, together with papers, research notes and photographs on mucus secretion, traumatic shock and electron microscopy. Florey's writings are preserved in the form of drafts and proofs of published items, together with relevant correspondence. His correspondence indicates the depth of his involvement in the affairs of particular organisations, notably the Oxford University School of Pathology and the Royal Society. The work of Ethel Florey (née Hayter) and Margaret Augusta Florey (née Fremantle) is also present.

Photographs, engravings and other images of the Fellows of the Royal Society. Also includes manuscripts and objects of the Royal Society. They appear in various formats, whether in engravings, drawings, watercolours, paintings, sculpture, artefacts and photographs. There are also photographs of their manuscripts, works and publications.

Correspondence and papers relating to the Royal Society relations with the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), current files contain:

a) British National Committee for Geodynamics (BNC Geodynamics) 8 files, 1970-1980

b) International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) 24 files, 1963-1980

c) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) loose papers, 1980-1982

d) International Union of Radio Science (URSI) 6 files, 1968-1976

e) International Biological Programme (IBP) 4 files, 1970-1975 (but a much larger collection of IBP papers from the Society's modern records centre has been microfilmed between 2001-2005 and the originals destroyed because of their poor physical condition). The archive holds mateial relating to the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1957-1958, particularly the establishment, administration and scientific results from the Royal Society Base at Halley Bay, Antarctica.

The Journal Books exist in Original and Copy versions. They contain minutes of the ordinary meetings of the Royal Society, setting out the following information; person in the chair, news of elections to the Fellowship and the Council, non-Fellows given leave to be present, and books and rarities presented to the Society. Letters and Papers read before the Society are given in abstract with any subsequent discussion By the nineteenth century much of this earlier detail had been lost, so that, for example, only titles of papers are recorded. This copy version is a transcription of the Journal Book Original.

The Journal Books exist in Original and Copy versions. The Journal Books contain minutes of the ordinary minutes of the Royal Society, setting out the following information: person in the chair, news of elections to the Fellowship and Council, non-Fellows given leave to be present, and books and rarities presented to the Society. Letters and papers read before the Society are given in abstract with any subsequent discussion. By the 19th century much of this earlier detail is lost, so that , for example, only titles of papers are recorded.

Working papers and correspondence of Sir John Henry Gaddum. The scientific material in the collection centres on a run of student and laboratory notebooks for 1922-1965, together with files of notes and calculations on biological assay and other topics. Further papers concentrate on Gaddum's teaching and publications in the form of lecture scripts, typescripts of articles and related correspondence. Material on his administrative work includes correspondence on conferences and organizations, with some Royal Society papers, but also Physiological Society letters, 1936-1941. Non-paper records such as slides and personal souvenirs are also preserved.

A collection of medals and tokens, largely scientific awards, but with some miscellaneous items in base and precious metals. The core of the series consists of specimens of the Royal Society's own 15 medals and awards, from the earliest (the Copley Medal 1731) to the most recent (the Gabor Medal 1989). This includes some given to named Fellows and returned to the Society as gifts or bequests. Other items include prizes of foreign scientific academies, and pieces commemorating individual Fellows and Foreign Members.

Letters, papers and original drawings including the manuscripts of Marcello Malpighi's works published by the Royal Society.

Correspondence, mainly to Martin Folkes on a large variety of subjects, including administrative matters for the Royal Society.

Letters addressed to William Buckland (DD, FRS, Dean of Westminster and Reader in Mineralogy and Geology in University of Oxford) and other posthumous correspondence relating to his work.

Kew Observatory Sunspot measurements from 24 January 1864 to 9 April 1872.

Plans and surveys of the Royal Society's lands at Acton and Mablethorpe.

A small notebook containing parliamentary and other speeches.

Inspectors' Visitation of the Royal Society Library, 1768-1769 and 1777.

Notebooks and papers of Benjamin Robins, consisting of a miscellaneous notebook primarily on gunnery and fortification (MS 39), a commonplace book (MS 46), a box of miscellaneous papers (MS 130) and a letter to Martin Folkes enclosing a written message from the Chevalier Ossorio, Envoy from the King of Sardinia, on the proper charge of cannon (MS 139).

A list of presents to the Royal Society, 1831-1849.

A list of objects presented to the Royal Society Museum, 1744-1779.

Written in England. Contains the curious characters known as the Boetian contractions, and is a valuable document for the history of arithmetic. The treatise commences on the Roman abacal system, and afterwards proceeds to give an explanation of the Eastern Boetian system with altered characters, and with a complete adoption of the advantages of local position. In Folio 2, recto, line 5, the author says that he will expound 'quaedam de numerorum scientia. regulis uidelicet algorismi' and on Folio 3, verso, he refers to Pithagoras, Nicomachus, Apuleius and Boethius. The text ends on the first line of Folio 34, recto, and is followed by eight lines in a semi-current 13th century hand.

Folio 1, recto ' Prefatio sequentis operis. Vt ait salomon.. punge oculum. et profert lacrimam. punge cor' et profert sensum.....'

Folio 4, verso ' De impari numero..'

Folio 6, verso, line 6, ' Divisio algorismi '. The divisions are given as folows; ' digitus, mediato, multiplicatio, divisio '

Folio 8, recto, title in red in margin, ' Qualiter digitus multiplicat digitum '

Folio 9, recto, line 15 ' Qualiter articulus multiplicatur per articulum '

Folio 9, verso, line 13, heading in red, ' Qualiter digitus multiplicat articulum '

Folio 10, recto, line 10, heading in red, ' Qualiter compositus per compositum multiplicatur '

Folio 10, verso, heading in margin, ' Qualiter compositus multiplicat compositum non eundem habens articulum '

Folio 11, recto, bottom line, heading in red ' Regulo ab uno inequalibus '

Folio 12, recto, line 6, heading in red, ' Regula ab uno in equalibus binario adjecto '

Folio 12, verso, line 8, heading in red ' De duplicatione '

Folio 13, recto, line 5, heading in red, ' De pari adjecto '

Folio 13, verso, line 6, heading in red, ' De impari adjecto '

Folio 14, verso, heading in margin, ' De proposito secundum novenarium dispositum '

Folio 15, recto, line 7-8, heading in red, ' De significationibus et nominibus figarum et locorum '
Transcript extract from line 14 ' Prima itaque omnium est igin. 1. id est unitas. Secunda andras. 2. id est binarius. Tercia ormis. 3. id est ternarius. Quarta arbas. 4. id est quaternarius. Quinta quimas. 5. id est quinarius. Sexta caltis. 6. id est senarius. Septima zemis. 7. id est septenarius. octava celentis. 8. id est octonarius. Nona cemenias. 9. id est novenarius. Singule ataque figure in quocumque loco sint sui ipsius exprimunt significationem. Nunquam enim figura unitatis officium binarii sibi usurpabit, nec binarius ternarii, nec ternarius quaternarii, nec quelibet ceterarum quod alter significare poterit. Ad majorem itaque evidentiam significationes locorum ponamus. primo ita loco posita igin seipsam, id es unitatem, significat. Secundo denarium. Tercio centenarium. Quarto millenarium. Quinto decem milia. Sexto centum milia. Septimo mille milia. Decimo mille mille milia. Undecimo decies milies mille milia. Duodecimo centies milies mille milia. Terciodecimo milies milies mille milia, et sic usque in infinitam singulorum decuplationem locorum extenditur. Similiter autem et andras rimo loco seipsam, id est binarium, significat. Secundo xx. Tercio cc. Quarto duo milia. Quinto xx. Sexto cc. Septima mm. et sic per cetera loca eodem cemate et cetere figure secundum propriam differentiam decuplabutn singulos articulos per loca singula. Est adhucet decima figura cujus nulla significatio est, sed tamen per loca disposita ceterarum significationes auget vel minuit. Dicitur autemzifera, et taliter depingitur 0. Sciendum autem quod omnes figure versus sinistram scribi debent, quia sic vim extendunt. Sed e converso literali ordine legi. '

Folio 17, verso, line 6, heading in red, ' De subtractione'

Folio 18, verso, line 8, heading in red, 'De dupli``catione'.

'Descriptio Itineris Alpini, Annis 1703, 1704 et 1705, per summas Helvetiae et totius Europae Alpes facti, a J Jacobo Scheuchzero, MD, Mathescos Professore Societatum Leopoldinae et Regiarum Anglicae et Prussiacae Membro'. Descriptions of journeys in the Alps by J J Scheuchzer, in four volumes:

Volume 1, 60 ff and 23 sheets of drawings

Volume 2, 109 ff and 39 sheets of drawings

Volume 3, 25 ff and 12 sheets of drawings

Volume 4, 279 ff and 13 sheets of drawings.

Correspondence, agendas, memos, drafts and printed reports on topics investigated by the Food (War) Committee of the Royal Society, and the day to day committee business.

Papers on mathematics and physics collected by the Reverend Samuel Horsley DD, FRS.

Papers relating to the 250th Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Royal Society consisting of two separately bound addresses from the University of Paris and the University of Parma, a box of addresses from Europe other than the United Kingdom, Japan, USA, and the British Empire; a box of addresses from the United Kingdom; and a box of other miscellaneous papers.

A dictionary (Italian/English) of Italian proverbs rendered into English, by Benjamin Polsted. A-I only.

Astronomical tracts with observations by Tycho Brahe and others including:

1. Tychonis Brahe observationes cometae AD 1585 (folio 1)

2. Ejusdem observationes cometae AD 1590 (folio 10)

3. Ejusdem observationes cometae AD 1596 (folio 18)

4. Observations astronomiques faites a la ville de Cartagene des Indes par le Colonel Don Juan de Herrara et Sotomayor (accompanied with a letter to Dr Halley, dated Cartgena des Indes 12 July 1723) Several of these observations have since been published in the Memoirs de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris 1729 page 361, 362-363, 367 (Folio 23).

5. Observationes astronomiques pour la longitude de Cartagene des Indies faites avec le premier satellite de Jupiter l'annee 1723 (Folio 41);

6. Eclipses Solis et Lunae observatae...in oppido S S Cosmae et DamIani 1719-1726, a P Bonaventura Suarez S J (Folio 44); 7. Immersiones et Emersiones Satellitum Iovis observatae in oppido S S Cosmae et Damiani 1720-1726, a P Bonaventure Suarez S J (Folio 46).

Two tracts on acids by John McNab comprising:

1. Experiments on Mineral Acids and Rectified Spirits of Wine, for finding the greatest degree of cold.

2. Experiments on the Congelation of Vitriolic and Nitrous Acids in Hudson's Bay.

Extensive correspondence of Sir Joseph Larmor relating to his work on electromagnetic theory, optics, analytical mechanics, and geodynamics.

Horizontal pendulum records from the British National Antarctic Expedition 1901-1904.

Volume of programme and correspondence of the Darwin Commemoration including: Flyer for 'Darwin and Modern Science; Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the "Origin of Species", 1909; Programme for the Darwin Commemoration by the University of Cambridge, 22-24 Ju 1909, 31 May 1909; Invitation to attend the commemoration of the centenary of Charles Darwin's birth and the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the 'Origin of Species', 1908; Invitation to attend the commemoration of the centenary of Charles Darwin's birth and the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the 'Origin of Species', 1908; Order of Proceedings in the Senate House, University of Cambridge, Wednesday 23 June 1909; List of delegates and other guests invited by the University of Cambridge for the Centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Publication of the Origin of Species 3 June 1909; List of delegates and other guests invited by the University of Cambridge for the Centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Publication of the Origin of Species, 19 June 1909; article in Cambridge University Reporter, 'The Darwin Celebration 1909',10 June 1909; Speeches as given by the Public Orator in presenting the several distinguished recipients of the Degree of Doctors of Science 'honoris causa', 1909; Information leaflet for visit to Charles Darwin's home at Down in Kent, 1909; Darwin Commemoration Banquet seating plan, University of Cambridge, 23 June 1909; Menu of A C Seward for Darwin Commemoration Banquet, 23 June 1909; Plan of tables for Darwin Celebration, Ladies Dinner at Newnham College, 23 June 1909; Menu for Darwin Celebration Ladies dinner, NewhamCollege, 23 June 1909; Speeches delivered at the Darwin Celebration Banquet, Cambridge, 23 June 1909; Speech celebrating Darwin's achievements given at Darwin Celebration Banquet, 23 June 1909; Newscutting of article on Darwin at Cambridge published in 'The Times' 12 February 1909; Article on Darwin Celebrations in Cambridge from 'Internationale Wochenschrift', 17 July 1909; Article by W T Hewett on Darwin celebrations at Cambridge published in 'The Nation' Vol 89, No 2398, 15 July 1909; Article on Charles Darwin and Cambridge pblished in 'Weekly News and Express', 25 June 1909; Article by J E Sandys listing the honorary degrees to be awarded on 22 June 1909 at Cambridge, 17 June 1909; Article on Darwin Centenary Celebrations at Cambridge - tributes from all nations, published in Cambridgeshire Weekly News, 25 June 1909; Article on 'The Foundation of the Origin of Species' published in the 'Morning Post', 24 June 1909; Article on Darwin Centenary International Celebration at Cambridge in 'Morning Post', 24 June 1909; Article on Darwin Centenary Celebrations Banquet published in 'Cambridge Daily News', 24 June 1909; Article on Darwin Centenary Celebrations at Cambridge published in 'London Daily News', 24 June 1909; Article on the Darwin Centenary celebrations at Cambridge, 24 June 1909; Article on Darwin Centenary celebrations, published in 'The Times', 25 June 1909; Article by C Bougle on Darwin Centenary celebrations published in 'La Depeche', 29 June 1909; Article by T E Hewett on Darwin Centenary celebrations at Cambridge published in 'The Evening Post, New York', 16 July 1909; and correspondence of A C Seward.

Papers of William Dines relating to his school years, his years at Benson, and correspondence relating to instruments and other matters with his sons.

Correspondence to and from James Sowerby and other family members from naturalists and collectors in Britain and abroad.

Manuscript volume of 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica', by Isaac Newton. Manuscript written out by Humphrey Newton, Isaac Newton's assistant and amanuensis, and annotated by Newton and Halley. Manuscript from which the First Edition was printed.

Council Attendance Book of Royal Society.

A notebook of the Clerk of the House of Lords.

Letters of Robert Were Fox to the Fox family.

Account by Francis Vernon of his travels through Greece, with numerous copies of old inscriptions and plates. Also a letter dated 15 July 1709 from Richard Mead to the Reverend Dr Chisull.

Corrected page proof of 'Interneurons; their origin, action, specificity, growth and plasticity' by George Adrian Horridge, published in London by Freeman.

Papers relating to Neil Hamilton Fairley including obituaries, personal reminiscences of him and correspondence relating to the erection of a memorial in Australia.

Papers of Alfred Gibbs Bourne including research notes, drawings and water-colour sketches of earthworms.

Papers of John Hall Gladstone including correspondence, essays and papers associated with the Gun Cotton Committee.

Papers of Thomas Muir comprising notebooks: a series of six loosely-bound collections of notes and drafts; 'Articles for Pogendorff VI', notes and first draft completed 1933; 'Oblong Arrays' material for paper 304 1-30, 31-60, 61-93 and 'Dunkel Notes', material for paper 305 1-30, 31-51.

Papers of Harry Bateman including three notebooks, two (numbered six and seven) containing notes from the lectures of E T Whittaker at Trinity College Cambridge 1903-1904; one containing formulae connected with the Legendre and Bessel functions, with Trinity examination paper 1880 and printed testimonial by Rutherford.

Correspondence, papers and notebooks including the dissertation 'The excitatory and inhibatory states in reflex action' by Edward George Tandy Liddell.

Correspondence relating to the Royal Grant of Apartments in Somerset House to the Royal Society by King George III including a copy of a memorandum by Albert, the Prince Consort, in 1851.

Correspondence relating to the Royal Society Library catalogues 1836-1838 by Stephen Potter Rigaut. Proof copy of 'Defense of the resolution for rejecting (omitting) Mr Panizzi's bibliographical notes from the catalogue of the Royal Society' and covering letter.

Two articles by Frank Philip Bowden entitled: 'A study of the physical and chemical phenomena associated with the rubbing and with the impact of solids' and 'A plan for the study of solids'. Both with various manuscript notes and appendicies, and both documents marked 'confidential' . Undated, but post 1944.

Three letters of application for Waynflete Professorship of Physiology, two of J N Langley and Charles Scott Sherington dated 1895; one undated from Francis Gotch.

Papers relating to the International Association of Academies including Generalplan zur Grundung einer internationalen Association der Akademien, 1899; Statuten der internationalen Assoziation der Akademien, 9-10 October 1899; Letter from J Larmor, Secretary of the Royal Society, to the President of the Council of the International Association of Academies, Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna 21 December 1905; Letter from Chevalier Edm. Marchal, Secretaire perpetuel de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 16 May 1905; Letter from Robert Harrison, Assistant Secretary of the Royal Society to The President, Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, 14 February 1906; Letter from J Gollancz, Secretary of the British Academy to Professor Victor von Lang, 26 February 1906; Letter from Robert Harrison to Professor Arthur Schuster FRS, 16 March 1906; Minutes of first sitting of General Assembly of the International Association of Academies, 29 May 1906; Minutes of the Committee meeting held on, 1 June 1906.

Notebook of John Tyndall 'Number II, Thermometer observations als Lusgen 7 October to 15 October'. No year.

Nominations for visiting professors to the Royal Society.