Papers, 1855-1897, collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising deeds and legal documents relating to properties in The Park, Ealing, including conveyances, mortgage and abstract of title. Also papers of George Hill of Millwall, including leases, probates of will, assignments, conveyances and mortgage.
Sole Sawbridge and Company , solicitorsPapers in the Socio-Legal Studies Association archive comprise the correspondence and papers, 1989-1996, of founder member and Chairman, Professor Martin Partington; the papers consist of his copies of agenda, minutes and papers of Executive Committee meetings, plus his own files of correspondence as founder member, fund raiser, organiser of the 1990 conference and Chairman; minutes, agenda and papers of Annual General Meetings, 1990-1994; papers and proceedings of annual conferences, 1993-1997; papers relating to the response of SLSA to the Economic and Social Research Council review of socio-legal studies, 1993; complete set of the Newsletter, 1989-1997, and Directory of Members, 1995-1997.
Socio-Legal Studies AssociationPapers of the Society of Women Musicians (SWM), 1911-1972, including annual reports, 1914-1972; minutes, 1967-1973; book of members elected and resigning, 1920-1960; fixture cards, 1915-1971; memorandum and articles of association, 1930; programmes and handbills of concerts, recitals and lectures organised by the SWM, 1912-1972; notices to members, 1911-1972; programmes of Ivimey Concerts, 1966-1971; papers relating to the foundation of the society in 1911, its constitution and initial membership, comprising correspondence, minutes, notes; correspondence on engagement of women with professional orchestras, 1920, 1928-1929; correspondence with speakers for lectures, 1933-1971; correspondence relating to BBC women's conference, 1936; correspondence with the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music regarding the appointment of women examiners,1937-1956; various correspondence relating to the SWM presidency, membership, SWM library accessions, celebrations of SWM golden jubilee, 1961 and diamond jubilee 1971; news cuttings on the deaths of K Dorothy Fox, 1934, Marion Margaret Scott, 1953, and Katharine Emily Eggar, 1961, with related correspondence; printed material including The Music Student: special number devoted to the subject of women's work in music, May 1918; pamphlet of meeting in commemoration of Marion Margaret Scott, Jun 1954; press cuttings books relating to women musicians and the SWM, 1892-1964; correspondence relating to the dissolution of the SWM and donation of its records to the Royal College of Music, 1973-1974.
Society of Women MusiciansRecords of the Society of Tacklehouse and Ticket Porters including court minutes 1632-1765 (extracts), and 1810-1844; members lists 1673-1869; ordinances and lists of pensioners.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING ACCESS: These records are stored at the Guildhall Library site rather than the LMA Clerkenwell site. Researchers wishing to access these records should do so at the Guildhall Library Rare Books table. The Library is open Monday to Saturday, 9:30 to 16:45. Researchers will need to have an Archives History Card or a Library Readers Card. An archivist will be available at Guildhall Library on Thursday mornings to answer any queries.
Society of Tacklehouse and Ticket PortersThe Archive of the Society of Public Teachers of Law comprises:
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Minute books and correspondence of the Council, General Committee, sub-committees and special committees
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General correspondence and subject files
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Papers of annual conferences and meetings and annotated papers presented at SPTL meetings
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Registers, directories and lists of members and rules
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Financial records
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Printed material including the Journal of the SPTL/Legal Studies and SPTL Reporter
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Correspondence and papers of individual officers of the Society
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Records of officers of the Society
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Conference and seminar records
Society of Public Notaries of London records comprise rules of the Society, minutes, some accounts, and extensive correspondence, especially on laws affecting the profession, qualifications required, attempts by solicitors and other professions to encroach on notaries' area of expertise.
Note: RECORDS ARE SUBJECT TO A 30 YEAR CLOSURE PERIOD.
Society of Public Notaries of LondonMemorandum book including copy letters to the Court of the East India Company; bye-laws and resolutions of the Society; and printed East India Company notices.
Society of East India Commanders East India CompanyMinute books of the Society of Apothecaries, 1629-1675.
Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of LondonCircular relating to the election of a new President of the Royal Society, 1820; letters and notices of the Society of Antiquaries, 1837-1862.
Society of Antiquaries Royal SocietyRecords of the Society for the Protection of Life from Fire comprising minutes, annual reports, summaries of cases, correspondence and related papers. The minutes contain brief details of the applications for, and grants of, awards for individual acts of bravery. The surviving annual reports give further information on the incidents where awards were granted. These are arranged as numbered cases.
Society for the Protection of Life from FireThe archive consists of minute books of the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women (SOSBW) Council, executive, finance and various committees and of Junior branch, training centre, Africa, Rhodesia, Canada, Australia and New Zealand and schoolgirl tours subcommittees; minutes of the Overseas Settlement Committee and War Services Committee; duplicate minutes for meetings of Joint Council for Women's Emigration Societies; annual reports; title deeds and legal documents; Legal, finance and hostel correspondence files; general correspondence files; pamphlets; Overseas Settlement Committee annual reports and Overseas Settlement Board reports.
Society for the Overseas Settlement of British WomenThe collection consists mainly of minutes, financial records, manuscripts of unpublished texts and correspondence. It provides interesting detail on what one section of society thought would provide education for another. There is much useful information on the reading preferences of the public, and on the growth and development of Mechanics' Institutes. Most of those concerned with the founding of the Society as a project in self-education were also involved in the founding of the new University of London (now University College London) and some, like Augustus De Morgan and George Long, actually taught there. There is also considerable information on the work of publishers, illustrators, engravers and booksellers and on writers, whether already established authorities in their field or young hopefuls, like G H Lewes, who sought to establish themselves through the Society's patronage.
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge , 1826-1848Snow's casebooks, 1848-1858, three volumes written in the style of a diary, recording Snow's chloroform administration in his well-established anaesthetic practice in London.
Snow , John , 1813-1858 , anesthetist and epidemiologistPapers collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising particulars and conditions of sale of freehold riverside bungalow known as "Summerholme", Penton Hook, Staines, 1927.
Snell and Company , solicitorsTreatise on the government and constitution of the City of London, entitled A breffe discription of the royall citie of London, capitall citie of this realme of Englande by William Smythe [Smith], citizen and haberdasher of London, 1575; and The XII Worshipfull Companies, or Misteries of London. With the armes of all them that have bin Lord Maiors of the same, for the space of almost 300 yeares; of every Company particularly. Also most part of the Sheriffs and Aldermen by William Smith, (two versions, 1605 and 1609).
Smith , William , 1550-1618 , herald and playwrightLetter from Richard Smith of 'Bordeaux River', [France] to Seth Barton, merchant, Baltimore, [USA], 1794. Giving the terms of a charter party between James Swan and Co and Thomas Harris, on the London Packet (c 260 tons), which was to take on a cargo of wines and brandy at Bordeaux, to carry to Baltimore; discussing expenses and asks Barton to take out £400 insurance for him.
Autograph, with signature.
Smith , Richard , fl 1794 , of BordeauxPapers of R T Smith, comprising a small collection of printed material relating to his work as an HMI, with the Schools Curriculum Award and in other educational fields in Wiltshire and neighbouring counties, 1970s-1990s.
Smith , R T , fl 1970-1994 , Her Majesty's Inspector of SchoolsPapers relating to Smith's academic career, [1929-1970], including manuscript and typescripts lecture notes on various scientific topics, mainly chemical experiments, equations and theory, personal notebooks containing details of scientific papers by others, notes on famous scientists, and a copy of Smith's DSc thesis on 'Studies in intensive drying and related phenomena; manuscript and typescript drafts and fair copies of scientific papers by Smith for publication; index cards of chemicals; correspondence with academics and industrialists.
Smith , John William , d 1985 , Professor of ChemistryCustom ledger of Joseph Smith, wholesale grocer, 1728-1734, with notes tracing the company Joseph Travers and Sons back to Joseph Smith's wholesalers, 1951.
Smith , Joseph , fl 1728-1734 , wholesale grocerThis collection contains the personal and professional papers of Ellen Delf-Smith, 1895-1974. It comprises papers relating to Westfield College; including Career Developments 1906-1922; Teaching papers 1934-1947; Retirement 1948; Contact with ex colleagues and students 1917-1948; Continuation of the legacy of Ellen Delf-Smith 1955-1964; and 90th Birthday Celebrations 1973. Research and Academic Interests; including Publications 1940-1950; Laboratory Work and Experiments 1926-1966; Field Work and Samples 1915-1932; Secondary Research 1936-1938; and Academic Interests 1912-1974. Papers from work in South Africa; including Field Work 1920; and Letters from colleagues in South Africa 1921-1923. Personal memorabilia and ephemera; including School and College 1895-1934; Marriage 1926-1973; Diaries 1925-1948; Photographs and Drawings c.1906-c.1935; and a Church Donation 1976.
Smith , Ellen Marion , Delf , 1883-1980 , botanistLetter from Adam Smith, 4 Apr 1760. Address: Glasgow. To his publisher, [William] Strahan. Refers to the 2nd edition of Smith's 'The Theory of Moral Sentiments' (1759), to the Act of Union (1707), and to [Nathaniel] Hooke's 'Secret History of Colonel Hooke's Negotiations in Scotland, in favour of the Pretender, in 1707, etc' (1760).
Autograph, with signature. A facsimile, printed for James Bonar's 'Catalogue of Adam Smith's Library' is filed with the original letter.
Smith , Adam , 1723-1790 , economist and moral philosopherLetters to Arthur Smith Woodward and related papers.
Woodward , Sir , Arthur , Smith , 1864-1944 , Knight , geologistPapers, 1942-c1970, of Patrick Smith, largely typescript dispatches or transcripts for broadcasts for the BBC on foreign affairs from various locations where he was stationed, and including material on World War Two, and on affairs in the Roman Catholic Church and the Vatican in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Smith , (Stanley) Patrick James , 1915-1979 , BBC foreign correspondentRecords of Smith Kendon Limited, 1826-1987. The collection mainly comprises the papers of Donald Smith and his capacity as Managing Director and Chairman of Smith Kendon Limited, including papers relating to the formation of the business such as articles of partnership and certificates of registration; deeds and other legal documents relating to property owned by the company; insurance policies; inventories; correspondence; minutes of meetings; Donald Smith's business diaries; sales figures; financial accounts; papers relating to stock and stock control; papers relating to sales; papers relating to products including recipe books; advertising; reports; staff records and papers relating to the Second World War.
Smith and Co x Smith Kendon Ltd , manufacturing chemists and confectionersRecords of Smith and Tilson, solicitors, comprising an account book of bills sent to clients, 1799, and a journal account of disbursements, 1799-1804, and clerk's expenses, 1799-1805, with some later entries to 1808.
Smith and Tilson , solicitorsThe working drawings of John Smeaton, civil engineer. They illustrate his researches on waterwheels and applied mechanics, and the relative efficiency of overshot as opposed to undershot wheels. With supplementary engravings and manuscript notes.
Smeaton , John , 1724-1792 , civil engineerPapers of Thomas Smart comprising lecture notes of 'Mr Cline's physiological, anatomical, and chirurgical lectures', [1790], delivered 1786-1787, taken by Smart when a student.
Smart , Thomas , d.1845 , medical studentThe records of Benjamin Slowman, merchant, comprise an order book 1835-42; bought ledger, cash book and vouchers 1820-50; business correspondence 1823-51; and a release regarding the estate of Moses Lewvy, 1848.
Slowman , Benjamin , fl 1820-1873 , wine and spirit merchantPapers, 1834-1937, collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising deeds and legal documents relating to properties in Enfield, Finchley, Harrow, Teddington, Hammersmith, Hackney and Camden. Documents include correspondence, papers relating to court proceedings, assignment of leasehold premises, papers relating to the administration of estates and bequests, and mortgages.
Slatter, Son and More , solicitorsThe records of Skilbeck Brothers Limited, drysalters, and their predecessors comprise: estate book of Lemuel Leppington 1715; bill and day book 1787-1809 and ledger 1801-1808 of William Gouthit; day book 1809-1810, draft ledger 1810, 1857, and cash book 1832-43 of John Joseph Skilbeck; ledgers 1815-1917 and general ledgers 1912-27; journals 1895-1949; cash books 1934-1954; bill book 1898-1952; contract book 1913-1951; laundry ledgers 1897-1927; laundry sundries book 1910-16; purchase ledgers 1911-39, 1923-51; prices book 1863-1867; sales day books 1912-1949; and dock, wharf and warehouse ledger 1908-39.
24 HOURS NOTICE IS REQUIRED FOR ACCESS TO THESE RECORDS.
Skilbeck Brothers Ltd , drysaltersRecords of Skelton Brothers, corn factors, comprising grain sales expenses and receipt books 1939-53 and an address book of customers and suppliers [1920-1940].
24 HOURS NOTICE REQUIRED FOR ACCESS.
Skelton Brothers , corn factorsThe collection contains the papers of Caroline Skeel,1850-1964, comprising of papers relating to her time at Westfield College; including working papers 1850-c.1926; photographs 1905-mid 20th Century; letters 1908-1950; donations 1930-1943; presentations from the College 1925-1929; and papers relating to her Professorship 1925. Also comprises of personal papers; including papers relating to her school 1880-1925; Girton College 1890-1927; London School of Economics 1904-1914; Certificates and Testimonies c.1913; the time that she lived in Hendon c.1935; her family 1925-1943; her legacy 1933-1954; biographical papers 1949-1954; financial papers 1899-1916; involvement with societies 1928-1930; letters 1904-1949; and personal items and memorabilia 1878- c.1890. The collection also contains family papers 1785-1928; including those of the Skeel family 1820-1923; Smith family 1809-1889; and James family 1794-1869; mainly comprising of educational papers, working papers, and legal documents such as wills, as well as papers relating to family properties 1785-1928; some family photographs c.1876; and items of unknown context, 18th Century - late 19th Century.
Skeel , Caroline , 1872-1951 , historianThe archive consists of minutes of the Executive Committee (1935-1937, 1939-1980), Annual General Meeting papers and reports (1931-1979), papers and correspondence files of the treasurer, honorary secretaries, chairs and vice-chairs (1932-1977), papers of the Hampshire (1964-7) and Northwest (1973-7) Branches, administration papers including publicity material, financial items and correspondence regarding the dissolution of the group, correspondence, printed materials and papers related to various campaigns (1937-1976), weekend conference materials (1948-65) and meetings papers (1943-1979), leaflets of and correspondence with other organisations (1938-1979), newsletters and circulars (1941-1979), issues of Time and Tide (1921-1929) and press cuttings (1920s-1970s), correspondence of the Honorary Secretary (1950-1981)
Six Point GroupRecords of the Singlo Tea Company Limited, comprising constitutional documents and minutes of the Board of Directors and annual general meetings. The records are held off-site and therefore require 24 hours notice for access.
Singlo Tea Co LtdThe bulk of the collection consists of correspondence: the Singers were clearly vigorous letter writers and both Charles and Dorothea had an enormous number of family, friends and acquaintances. Unfortunately many of their letters were hand written and very few carbon copies survive. Very occasionally an attempt at methodical selection and arrangement is evident: on the whole correspondence had been kept in alphabetical order, and this has been retained in the arrangement of the collection. Dorothea and Charles' correspondence was fairly mixed (reflecting their working life together) with the exception of two distinct groups: correspondence about Dorothea's research on alchemical manuscripts, and later correspondence about her hearing aids.
The main part of the collection centres on the correspondence; this has been grouped together in a self-evident sequence: writings and biographical personal papers follow. Certain of Dorothea's papers remained clearly distinct and these have been kept together. Section E contains a variety of material relating to Jewish refugees, which had been placed on one side by Dorothea after the war for permanent preservation. It has not been listed in detail but sorted into three broad categories. The last section, comprising additional correspondence of the Singers with Sir Zachary Cope, Sir Arthur Salusbury MacNalty and Dr F N L Poynter, is not strictly part of the collection, but these groups of correspondence were given to the Institute to be placed alongside the Singer papers.
Singer , Charles Joseph , 1876-1960 , historian of science and medicine Singer , Dorothea Waley , 1882-1964 , historian of science and medicineThe item comprises a wooden block on which is mounted Sir James Young Simpson's signature, apparently torn from a document. Only the first part of the date, "31st Dec", survives.
Simpson , Sir , James Young , 1811-1870 , 1st Baronet , physicianCorrespondence, prints and papers of Alexander Russell Simpson, 1816-1893, comprising letter from Matthews Duncan, 22 Oct 1881; letters from Professor Eriole F Fabri of Modena, Italy, 1882-1883; letter from Professor G Brown, 5 Feb 1883; letter from Professor Dr Litzmann of Kiel, Germany, with translation by Dr George Selby, 8 Feb 1883; letter from Professor Michel Fari of Padua, Italy, 10 Feb 1883; letter from Professor T Habbertfma of Utrecht, Holland, 12 Mar 1883; letter from Professor D Eugene Hubert of Louvain, Belgium, 15 Mar 1883; letter from Professor Zweifel of Erlangen, Germany with translation by Dr George Selby, 15 Mar 1883; copy of part of a petition to the Members of the Senatus Academicus of the University of Edinburgh by James Hamilton, 15 Jan 1816; print of a drawing of Abbotsford, the seat of Sir Walter Scott, by Thomas H Shepherd, undated; paper given by Ian Cope to the Australian Society for the History of Medicine, entitled "The Other Professor Simpson of Edinburgh, Professor Sir Alexander Russell Simpson, 1835-1916", undated; "Address to the Medical Graduates In The University of Edinburgh" by Simpson, 1 Aug 1878; papers by Simpson (unless stated otherwise) comprising "Head-Flexion In Labour", 26 Feb 1879; "Axis-Traction Forceps", 21 Jul 1880; "The Uterine Sound", 9 Nov 1881; "Hydramnios: and the Source of The Liquor Amni", 31 May 1882; "Again on Axis-Traction Forceps: and On the Basilyst", 11 Jul 1883; "Extra-Uterine Gestation" by William Alexander Freund , 27 Jun 1883; "Case of Caesarean Hystero-Oophorectomy or Porro's Operation", 12 Mar 1884;"Keller and Crede, Presidential Address Delivered Before the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society", 9 Nov 1892;"Prolapse of the Female Urethra", 10 May 1893.
Simpson , Sir , Alexander Russell , 1835-1916 , Knight , physicianPapers of Norman Douglas Simpson, 1910-1974, comprising correspondence and papers regarding various topics including botany and plants, the Index ‘A Bibliographical Index of the British Flora’, expeditions and field trips, Simpson’s library and his dealings with publishers, book sellers, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, The British Museum (Natural History), societies such as the Botanical Society of the British Isles (B.S.B.I.). There are also invoices and orders for the Bibliographical Index, eleven notebooks which mostly relate to his time at Kew working on identifying specimens from the North-Western Mongolia and Chinese Dzungaria expedition, Astragalus and his time in Egypt and Sudan 1912-1929 and seven boxes of index cards which relate to his plant collecting trips abroad. There are also plant lists, book lists, drawings and some maps. These papers document many of N D Simpson’s activities throughout his life.
Simpson , Norman Douglas , 1890-1974 , botanistArticles of partnership in the company of Simpson and Thompson, engine makers, 1825.
Simpson and Thompson , engine makersScrap books of press-cuttings and other papers compiled by James Bearton Simonds, 1838-1896, including scrapbooks of press cuttings on the cattle plague, 1844-1869; scrapbook of press cuttings on cattle diseases and legislation, 1854-1865; scrapbook of press cuttings on veterinary and other matters, 1875-1879; scrapbook of press cuttings, letters and offprints on Variola Ovina, 1847-1863; scrapbook of press cuttings, letters and offprints on the veterinary profession, 1838-1896 and scrapbook of press cuttings, letters and offprints on pleuro-pneumonia, 1843-1869.
Simonds , James Beart , 1810-1904 , veterinary surgeonLetters to John Simon, from Joseph Henry Green, [1850]; and letter from E Headlam Greenhow (1814-1888), Apr 1866 relating to a 1849 report on cholera.
Simon , Sir , John , 1816-1904 , surgeonWorking papers and correspondence of Sir Francis (Franz) Eugene Simon. Scientific notebooks in the collection date from 1919-1934, largely the period of Simon's researches on low temperature physics at the Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut of Berlin University, and subsequently at Breslau. Other notes and manuscripts for lectures and articles are post 1930, while a large group of correspondence files are from the years 1922-1956, providing a full account of Simon's dealings with many fellow scientists and scientific organisations. Individual letter files concern V.M. Goldsmidt, Max Born, Gwyn Owain Jones and Nevill Mott among many other notable figures. Details of Simon's involvement in atomic energy development are to be found in papers on uranium isotope separation (MAUD Committee notes) and UK Atomic Energy Authority correspondence. Simon's professional appointments as head of the Clarendon Laboratory and as science correspondent to the Financial Times are represented by substantial groups of letters. There are twelve notebooks with some associated papers; the series also includes files of lectures, articles, cuttings and souvenirs, including photographs, with files of correspondence. Two later additions to the collection consist of correspondence and files highlighting Simon's contacts with industrial firms, universities and international organisations.
Simon , Sir , Francis Eugene , 1893-1956 , Knight , physicistAccounts ledger, journal and waste book, possibly belonging to John Simmons, wine merchant.
Unknown.Papers, 1923-1961, collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising conveyances, leases and deeds relating to premises at Number 46, High Street, Yiewsley.
Simmons and Simmons , solicitorsPapers, 1648-1671, collected by the solicitors in the course of their work, comprising deeds and legal documents relating to properties in Hayes, comprising 2 bargain and sales, a mortgage and an indenture of a fine.
Simmonds, Church, Rackham and Company , solicitorsPersonal papers of the Silvester family, 1844-1905 including (auto)biographical details of the three, copy correspondence, and diary entries. Specifically: T H Silvester's notebook includes personal and professional details, there is also a draft medical paper on venous bruit; Paul de Hookham's papers are an autobiography; whilst Henry Robert Silvester's papers mainly relate to his work on the resuscitation of the apparently drowned or asphyxiated.
Silvester , Thomas Hookham , 1799-1877 , physician Silvester , Paul de Hookham , b 1827 , Rector of St LevanSilvester , Henry Robert , 1829-1908 , surgeon
Accounts ledger of Sills, Ramsay and Gray, wharfingers.
Sills, Ramsay and Gray , wharfingersJob order books of Edwin Robert Sills, watch and chronometer finisher.
Sills , Edwin Robert , d 1943 , watch and chronometer finisherPapers of John Silk including minute book of the anaesthetists of Guy's Hospital Dental School, of which Silk was Secretary, Sep 1889-May 1895 and correspondence of J F W Silk with Frederic William Hewitt [afterwards Sir Frederic], anaesthetist, and related papers, concerning an allegation of plagiarism.
Silk , John Frederick William , 1858-1943 , anaesthetistSignals Collection comprising two East India Company signal books. The first is a printed signal book of 1783 entitle 'A Collection of Signals for the use of the ships in the Service of the United East India Company'; a sheet of coloured flags has been loosely inserted, but the book was not issued. There is also a manuscript volume of signals issued by Captain Alexander Montgomerie to the fleet under his command, St Helena to England, 1794.
153 volumes of sailing and fighting instructions include the majority of those listed in Sir Julian Corbett, Signals and instructions (Navy Records Society, 1908). In addition, there are many examples of those issued to smaller squadrons rather than fleets. The earliest is a printed copy of 1673 issued to James Duke of York (1633-1701). There is a copy of 1691 by Admiral Russel (1653-1727), issued in 1702. Subsequent sets show the development which took place up to the Seven Years War. From 1756 onwards additional and supplementary instructions became more numerous. The collection also contains several versions of instructions for ships in convoy, 1708 to 1815. In addition to these single items, there are sets in the personal collections. The most extensive, of thirty-four volumes, is that of Admiral Duncan (q.v.), 1760 to 1799, including signals and instructions issued during the American War, convoy instructions for 1782 and a number of sets from the 1790s. Other sets of significance include those of Vice-Admiral Duff, 1748 to 1762, including convoy instructions, 1756 and 1758, and printed instructions for disembarking and re-embarking troops, which were issued by Admiral Rodney (1719-1792) for the landings at marinique, 1762; of Rear-Admiral Clements, 1758 to 1770; and of Captain Lord Longford, 1779 to 1780.
120 printed and manuscript signal books and signal logs. 1711 to 1816. The earliest signal book is a manuscript volume compiled between 1710 and 1711. This contains additional signals made by Sir John Norris (c 1670-1749) in the RANELAGH. The format of this volume is very similar to the printed signal book of 1714 by Jonathan Greenwood. There are some manuscript examples produced privately by individual officers usually with a thumb index for quick reference, dating from the mid-eighteenth century. There are also printed signal books for 1790, 1793, 1795, 1798 and The General Signal Book of 1799, 1808 and 1816. During the 1790s the printing of signal books became general practice. There are various examples (which include day and fog signals), night signals, instructions and additional instructions, which were usually issued in sets. For example, the collection has a set issued in 1793 by Admiral Lord Hood to the Mediterranean fleet. There is a similar set issued by Sir John Jervis in 1794 while in the West Indies. Most of the printed books which were issued have additional signals inserted in manuscript. The manuscript signal books are copies kept by officers who were not issued with a printed signal book, and preferred their own copy for easy reference; they are therefore usually pocket size. This practice was forbidden because of the danger of the code falling into enemy hands. However, there are a number of these in the collection and they often contain additional information, such as orders of battle and sailing, keys to both the British and French systems of coastal signals, pendant lists, etc. Many are finely executed and some are illustrated. There is a manuscript signal book used at the battle of the Nile, based on the 1795 edition entitled 'Day and Night Signal Book, Horarry, Fog etc.' by Midshipman (later Commander) Charles Claridge (fl 1798-1823) in the DEFENCE. This has a short diary at the back of the volume describing the battle and an order of battle and an order of battle and sailing. A manuscript copy of Lord Howe's (q.v.) code of 1793 is also included; this contains a list of signals for identifying coasts and headlands, caricatures, a sea song and drawings of naval vessels. The collection contains a group of signal books issued for use in a particular area; they include volumes for Barbados, 1820, Plymouth, 1797 and St Helena, 1817. There are also three signal logs, one of which was kept in the VICTORY, 1804.
Over half the signal books in this category are French; the other nations represented are Spain, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Sweden and Turkey. There are eighteen volumes, 1754 to 1885, the majority of which are printed with manuscript annotations. Of the French volumes, the earliest is a signal book kept in 1754 by the pilot of LA ROSE, in the squadron of Le Comte de Gallissoniere (1693-1756). The volume has a thumb index of coloured flags and is illustrated with watercolours of fleet manoeuvres. There is also an English translation of the signal book issued by the Comte D'Ache (1700-1775) to his fleet while in the East Indies in the ZODIAQUE, 1757 to 1759; a signal book issued by the Comte D'Orvilliers (1708-1792) in 1779; and a printed signal book of 1787 issued by the Marquis de Nieul, in which the names of the vessels in the squadron have been scratched out, but the twenty flags and ten pendants have been coloured. The Revolutionary War period is represented by three signal books issued for the navy of the Republic in 1799 and 1801. Only one has actually been issued and gives a key to the flags. In addition, there is a handbook for a coastal semaphore between Bayonne and Flushing; published in 1807, the system was invented by an artillery officer named Depillon and built ca.1803. The category also includes two signal books for the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies; one was issued in c 1784 by John (later Sir John) Acton (1736-1811), the other in 1816; a Spanish book of signals and instructions printed in Cadiz in 1765 and issued by the Marques de la Victoria; another Spanish volume for 1781 for the fleet of Don Luis de Cordova; and two Swedish volumes, 1795 and 1796. The Turkish signal book is naval, 1885, and the format is similar to a French or an English volume. There is also a Dutch volume of flags rather than signals which was compiled c 1687; it is described on the title page as 'The Flagbook of Captain Paulus van der Dussen' (1658-1707).
Seven volumes concerned with naval signalling, telegraphic and merchant shipping codes, 1787 to 1822. The earliest volume is by Captain (later Admiral) Phillip Patton (1739-1815); in 1787 he published 'A system of signals combining the method commonly used in theBritish Navy...with a numerary method'. As far as is known this was never used, since preference was given to the code invented by Lord Howe. Patton employed two methods: one was the old idea of the meaning of the flag being governed by the position of the hoist and the other gave each flag a fixed numerical value. A new arrangement of Howe's day and night signals and instructions was made in 1792 by John McArthur (1755-1840), while secretary to Lord Hood, and printed in 1793. McArthur also published a comprehensive plan in c 1804, entitled 'Thoughts on several plans combining a system of Universal Signals by day and night', of which there is also a copy. There is a lithographed copy, made in 1822, of 'Practical Rules for making Telegraphic Signals with a description of the two-armed telegraph invented in 1804' by Lieutenant-Colonel Pasley (1780-1861); he put forward a system of sending messages by land using a pole with two moveable arms. A similar manuscript of ca.1820 is by Lieutenant (later Commander) Poynter Crane (1782-1879).
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