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Papers cover Witkowski's writings on medical history (and other areas of history) rather than his medical activities. MSS.5036-5038 comprise press cuttings, publishers' notices, reviews, etc., relating to Witkowski's writings, plus original poems, some photographs, and some letters to him about his work; they span the bulk of his career (1865-1920). MSS.5039-5085 consist of material related closely to various published works on medical history and art history by Witkowski: typescript and holograph drafts, annotated published material, etc. Within this block of material, MSS.5057-5062 consist of a detailed critique of Folie de l'Empereur by Augustin Cabanès (1862-1928), consisting of heavily annotated copies of the published work. Also worth noting are MSS.5063-5064, copies of Witkowski's Comment j'ai appris l'Histoire Sainte, a Rabelaisian and satirical anti-clerical history. Finally, MSS.5086-5088, written under the pseudonym "Docteur Clam", comprise travel writings, recording travels in Italy, Turkey, Romania and Hungary, in 1901 (MS.5086); Egypt, in 1901-1902 (MS.5087); and Italy, in 1905 (MS.5088).

Papers of Sir Harold Whittingham including A. Personal Papers and Early Career, 1904-1956, including papers on cancer research, Glasgow, 1904-1915; B. RAF Sandfly Fever Commission, Malta, 1921-1952; C. RAF Medical Services, c.1920-1945; D. Biochemistry Lectures, London School of Tropical Medicine, 1926-1930; E. British Red Cross Society, 1946-1959; F. Flying Personnel Research Committee, 1940-1976; G. British Airways Overseas Corporation, 1945-1970; H. International Air Transport Association Medical Committee, 1949-1960; J. World Health Organisation, 1948-1968; K. Commonwealth Development Corporation, 1958-1976; L. History of RAF Medical Services, 1958-1983 and M. Publications, 1911-1975.

Papers relating to the Wellcome Witness Seminars, 1993-1997, including original audio tapes of the seminars (in most cases, master plus copy); photographs of witnesses and other participants; correspondence, both administrative and between the Twentieth Century Group and witnesses; and programmes and lists of participants.

Papers of the Wellcome Museum of Medical Science, 1923-1983, comprising publications and the unpublished annual reports of the Wellcome Museum of Medical Science.

Card index to material generated by or for Wellcome Historical Medical Museum staff held in Western manuscripts sequence. Formerly one alphabetical sequence of card, the index was rearranged during the cataloguing of that material and now forms 5 discrete blocks.

Papers of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, 1874-[1984], comprising reports, correspondence, administration records, staff files, inventories, diaries, registers, notebooks, financial records, details of exhibitions and events, visitors books, photographs, publications, presscuttings, and papers relating to Henry Solomon Wellcome's personal life including arrangements for his funeral.

Papers of Edgar Ashworth Underwood, 1911-1980. The surviving Underwood papers represent a far from complete record of his career. His correspondence is incomplete and his early career in public health glimpsed by a few notes and papers. The bulk of the collection is made up of the drafts, manuscripts and typescripts of his writings, some of which were never published. Underwood was a perfectionist and polished his work many times. However his immense work for a second volume of A History of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London (to follow Wall and Cameron's history and cover the period 1815 onwards) was never published and sadly the drafts appear to lack one chapter (chapter 15) which has evidently strayed. Similarly a great deal of labour was spent on a history of urology in the late 1950s and early 1960s and on a life of Edward Jenner but neither of these works was ever published, Underwood's failing eyesight inhibiting his researches. However, the collection is valuable in that Underwood meticulously researched and checked evidence and normally kept full records of his work: thus anyone interested in the history of medical education or the apothecaries for example should note the numerous transcripts and copies of administrative records and documents held by the Public Record Office, Guildhall, Royal College of Physicians and elsewhere.

"Richard Mead MD (1673-1754): Physician, Scholar, Author, Patron and Collector"

Papers of Charles Thompson including essays, notes, recipe book (MS.7984) and correspondence, 1893-1936. Much of this material was created in Thompson's capacity as a Wellcome employee.

Papers of Sir Charles Putnam Symonds comprising correspondence, notes, reviews and photographs spanning the period 1954-1978; also reprints spanning 1917-1962.

This is not a large collection, with nothing except offprints representing Sir Charles's career before the mid 1950s and only five files of rather miscellaneous interest covering the years 1954-1977. Apparently at the request of Sir Charles all his case notes were destroyed at his death.

The collection of offprints is not complete; however, it seems probable that at least some of the missing items were among the papers printed in Studies in Neurology (London 1970).

Minute books of the Society of Apothecaries, 1629-1675.

The bulk of the collection consists of correspondence: the Singers were clearly vigorous letter writers and both Charles and Dorothea had an enormous number of family, friends and acquaintances. Unfortunately many of their letters were hand written and very few carbon copies survive. Very occasionally an attempt at methodical selection and arrangement is evident: on the whole correspondence had been kept in alphabetical order, and this has been retained in the arrangement of the collection. Dorothea and Charles' correspondence was fairly mixed (reflecting their working life together) with the exception of two distinct groups: correspondence about Dorothea's research on alchemical manuscripts, and later correspondence about her hearing aids.

The main part of the collection centres on the correspondence; this has been grouped together in a self-evident sequence: writings and biographical personal papers follow. Certain of Dorothea's papers remained clearly distinct and these have been kept together. Section E contains a variety of material relating to Jewish refugees, which had been placed on one side by Dorothea after the war for permanent preservation. It has not been listed in detail but sorted into three broad categories. The last section, comprising additional correspondence of the Singers with Sir Zachary Cope, Sir Arthur Salusbury MacNalty and Dr F N L Poynter, is not strictly part of the collection, but these groups of correspondence were given to the Institute to be placed alongside the Singer papers.

Personal correspondence and papers of Louis Westenra Sambon, 1893-1923. These reflect his interest in the history of medicine and diseases caused by blood-borne parasites.

Reports, diaries, memoirs, photographs and memorabilia given to the Royal Army Medical Corps Museum and Library by former officers and men of the Corps. Some date back to Marlborough's campaigns of the late 17th century; there is also material relating to the continuing European and Imperial conflicts of the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Crimean War (1854-1856), the Boer War and the Balkan conflicts of the early 20th century, the two World Wars, the Korean War and other smaller conflicts thereafter.

Papers of John Michael Robson on pharmacology, endocrinology and reproductive physiology, 1940s, 1967-1975; incomplete draft history of the Institute of Animal Genetics, Edinburgh, [post 1945].

Recensus scriptorum celebriorum, seu Delectus autorum libris et lucubrationibus suis magis illustrium, ex Romano-Catholicorum, Heterodoxorum, ac Gentilium virorum ordine, compendiosa relatione perspicuus, ad cognoscenda et dignoscenda authorum nomina, libros, scripta, statum atque aetatem, anagnostae publico ac privato accomodus ex variis recentioribus conscriptus. At the end of the second volume are lists of Roman Emperors, Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, Kings of France, Spain, Hungary, Bohemia, and England. The latest date is that of the coronation of Francis I, husband of Maria Theresa, as Emperor 4th October 1745: Philip V of Spain, who died in 1746, is entered as still reigning. Items on the Papal Index [1681-1734] are marked in red. Each volume is stamped on the sides with an unidentified coat of arms, and lettered P.A.M.N.

Tapes and transcripts of interviews conducted in 1988 by Sam Sussman with three Nottingham psychiatrists (A.D. Douglas, E.D. Oram and A. Minto). Mr. Sussman's intention had been to produce a history of psychiatric treatment in the U.K. through the eyes of its practitioners similar to the one he had already produced on Canada; copies of this work (Pioneers of Mental Health and Social Change by Djuwe Joe Blom and Sam Sussman, Third Eye, London Canada, 1989) are also included in this collection. A.D. Douglas and E.D. Oram of Saxondale Hospital were interviewed first; the recordings were typed up and subsequently corrected and slightly amended, evidently in preparation for the publication. The interviewees discuss their training and experiences as psychiatrists and the changes in the profession from the 1940's and 1950's. The Wellcome Library subsequently received cassettes of those interviews, as well as a cassette and transcript of a similar interview with Dr Alfred Minto of Nottingham.

Miscellaneous manuscripts, 1809-[1840], including on the growth of plants, polarity theory and the history of physic.

Papers of Janos Plesch comprising photocopies of letters from John Maynard Keynes, 1939-1946 (originals sold at auction, carbon copies of Keynes' letters and originals of Plesch's replies at King's College, Cambridge); 2 letters to Plesch from Mrs Starling, 1926, 1927.

Research notes and essays on the history of medicine by Lilian Gertrude Ping, 1935-1938. Within this the papers cover a wide range of topics, including: miracles, pilgrimages, healing and medieval English saints; history of anatomy and physiology; Spanish physicians; French medical history and the lives and miracles of various medieval figures: Henry VI, including material on his tomb at Windsor; St. William of York and St. Cuthbert, including accounts of the window illustrations of their lives in York Minster; and St. Thomas of Canterbury, including an account of the window illustrations of his life in Canterbury Cathedral, 1938.

The collection covers both Pettigrew's medical and antiquarian activities, which are intermingled in the material's arrangement. The medical items include correspondence with many medical figures, medical jurisprudence (an Anniversary Oration delivered to the Medical Society of London), corpulence, hydrophobia, medical observations by army officers in India, and an autobiographical memoir of the philanthropist and prison-reformer James Neild (1744-1814), transcribed by Pettigrew and incorporated into his life of John Coakley Lettsom M.D. The antiquarian items include material on Kett's Rebellion, Hindu deities, the library of the Duke of Sussex and correspondence with the Italian antiquary Giovanni Spano (1803-1878) and Gaetano Cara, as part of Pettigrew's role as Vice-President of the British Archaeological Society. Types of material held include notebooks, loose papers, correspondence and diplomas.

Papers of Sir William Drummond Macdonald Paton, 1930-1993, chiefly comprising papers relating to his main research interests, namely underwater physiology, histamine, synaptic transmission, drug dependence, anaesthetic mechanisms, allergy electron microscopy and the history of science, particularly medical science. The collection also includes correspondence, research papers and laboratory notebooks, and papers relating to the committee work that occupied his energies. Papers from Paton's time as both a Rhodes Trustee and a Wellcome Trustee provide further evidence of the extent of his commitments in committee.

Papers relating to Paton's Chairmanship of the Research Defence Committee (1972-77) are particularly extensive and reveal the social and political pressures of the period, the passionate challenges of the anti-vivisection lobby, as well as Paton's personal commitment to a socially responsible use of animals in scientific experimentation. Papers relating to Man and Mouse: Animals in Medical Research (1984), in which Paton set out his fundamental position on animal experimentation, provide further material on this topic.

Another field of interest in which Paton expended considerable energy was that of drug dependence, particularly the pharmacological action of cannabis. Through work in laboratory and committees, and through the media and many speaking engagements, he campaigned strenuously to warn of what he judged to be the deleterious effects of cannabis, and forged campaign alliances with American colleagues who shared his concerns.

Throughout his career, Paton maintained strong links with the Royal Navy, acting as scientific adviser and consultant on deep diving and underwater physiology. This strand of his work was of enduring interest: Paton's work on the physiological properties of gases at high pressure led directly to the development of the deep-diving breathing mixture known as 'Tri-Mix', in which nitrogen is added to helium and oxygen. Paton took great pleasure in the Royal Navy achieving, in 1980, the world's deepest dive (see D/2/14).

Papers of Walter Pagel covering most stages of his career and including correspondence, research notes and photographs, 1851-1983. Significant areas covered include section A, which relates to his school and university education, and his dismissal in 1933; section C, which consists of papers (writings and collected letters) relating to his work on tuberculosis; and section D, which relates to his work in medical history. The collection also includes some papers relating to his father, Julius Pagel, in section A.

10 tapes of interviews, conducted by John Adams, with former masters of workhouses with photographs, including John Adams,
Lionel Lewis,

Ray Livesey,

Frank Hinchliffe,

Clare Hinchliffe,

Edwin Berry,

John Dawber,

Sid Blackman,

A D Malcolm,

Clifford Beddis and
Don Ernsting.

Tapes and transcripts from Wellcome Trust funded project, 1980s, to derive information from individuals who entered general practice between c 1936 and c 1940 and c 1946 and c 1952, and some additional tapes relating to general practice.

The collection chiefly comprises correspondence by Florence Nightingale, either in original or in copy form. The date-span covers the whole of her life and the subjects range from her attempts to become a nurse, service in the Crimea and subsequent work reforming the training and practice of nursing, through her other concerns such as Indian sanitation, cottage hospitals and the use of medical statistics, to personal and family matters. Well-represented correspondents include her family (particularly her sister Parthenope and brother-in-law Sir Harry Verney), Sir William Aitken (1825-1892), Professor of Pathology at the Army Medical School; George Hanby De'ath (c.1862-1901), Medical Officer of Health for Buckingham; William Farr (1807-1883), statistician; Miss Louisa Gordon, Matron at St Thomas' Hospital; Miss Amy Hughes, Superintendent of the Nurses' Co-operation; Sir John Henry Lefroy (1817-1890); Charles C. Plowden of the Sanitary Department of the India Office; and Mary Clarke Mohl (1793-1883). In addition, there is twentieth century material relating to Nightingale's legacy such as photographs of her grave (at MS.9101) and administrative papers relating to the compilation of A calendar of the letters of Florence Nightingale (Oxford, 1977) by Sue Goldie (MSS.9106-9109).

Essays, 1941-1943, on the following subjects: Medieval Medical and Alchemical Manuscripts and Incunabula; Medicine in Classical Antiquity; Chinese Medicine, Japanese Medicine, The Medicine of the Indians and The Medicine of the Ancient Persians; Medieval Medicine and Surgery and Biographical and historical essays.

The collection consists of original and copy documents relating to Viscount Nelson. Although it spans his career from 1780 to his death in 1805, the bulk of the collection centres on 1798 - the year of the battle of Aboukir Bay - and the three years 1803-1805, during which Nelson commanded the Mediterranean Fleet. Included are several hundred official reports and surveys concerned with the manning, ordnance, stores, defects and sick lists of the ships under Nelson's overall command, plus reports on courts martial, prize money, prisoners, sailors' pay, etc. Also present are weekly reports by the chief physicians of the Fleet comparing health on various vessels and giving details of treatments proposed; letters to Nelson on issues such as inventions, requests for places, etc.; and a collection of bills. The papers carry the signatures of most of the senior officers under Nelson and are generally addressed to Nelson himself.

'The Indian Medical Service: a history of its medical research 1600-1947': unpublished manuscript and draft chapters. This history was apparently undertaken by Colonel Mulligan under the auspices of the Wellcome Trust, with a view to publication. Colonel Mulligan died in 1982 and his work was finished and prepared for publication by Colonel C.W.A. Searle, but was never published.

Letters received by Dr Anne Summers (formerly of Wellcome Unit Oxford) in 1987, in response to a broadcast on Woman's Hour (BBC Radio), and an article published in Nursing Times; material in connection with the conference 'Memories of Health and Caring', Morley College, London, April 1987.

The letters contain accounts of individuals' experiences of health care they and their families received prior to the inception of the National Health Service (and some accounts by health care professionals), ranging from brief anecdotes to several pages of reminiscences.

The conference papers include list of attendees, financial arrangements, copies of newspaper articles and correspondence.

The collection centres on tropical medicine. MSS.3521-3522 consist of general notes on tropical medicine and on museums of tropical medicine; MS.3523 consists of an interleaved copy of Megaw's The first laws of health, considerably expanded.

Typescript signed with holograph additions and corrections entitled "Our Fathers that begat us, and other papers on the history of Medicine", by Donald Percy McDonald with a Foreword by Professor Sir Francis Fraser [1885-1964]. Inserted loose are 8 photographs intended for illustrations for the printed book. Included is a typescript letter signed by the author dated 11 July 1946 referring to an illustration of a surgeon's instrument-case belonging to Lord Lee of Fareham [1868-1947], with an initialed note of permission to use it by the owner in red crayon. Produced in Littlehampton.

Collection of papers chiefly on gynaecology, plus file of documents relating to the surgeon, Christopher Martin (certificates, letters, biographical information), 1887-1930.

Papers of Sir Arthur MacNalty, comprising 7 notebooks kept while he was a medical student, 1903-1907; drafts of chapters (written in 1960s) for Health and English History; drafts of chapter on medicine in First World War for History of the Twentieth Century, c 1968.

Papers of Robert Macfarlane relating to his research, mainly on blood coagulation; notes and drafts for his biographies of Sir Alexander Fleming and Lord Florey, [1930-1986].

Notes and personal reminiscences about Sir Thomas Lewis, cardiologist, and Sir John Gaddum, pharmacologist, 1934-[1989] by Lady Gaddum and Dr John Honour.

The collection comprises material on medical history and notes on scatological remedies used in Mexico, and biographical notes on Dr. Miguel Francisco Jiménez (1813-1876).

Material relating to the history of medicine in Yugoslavia, c 1929, including research in the history of medicine in Jugoslavia: report of visit on behalf of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum and diary of travels in Yugoslavia carried out for WHMM.

Files kept by the International Academy of the History of Medicine's President, Dr Noel Poynter, of minutes, membership records, symposia and external relations, plus Poynter's correspondence with members, including prior to foundation of Academy, 1946-1973.

Copy documents collected by Sir Henry Dale c 1959 relating to the controversy over the responsibility for the discovery of insulin in Toronto in 1922.

MSS.2968-2988 are chiefly related to Hurry's publications; the best-represented subject in this block of material is "vicious circles" in disease and in general society. In addition, there are papers relating to Hurry's work on Imhotep (vizier and physician to the Pharoah Zoser) and to the woad plant. MSS.6821-6823 comprise correspondence: on the Japanese edition of Vicious Circles in Disease (MS.6821), on the woad plant (MS.6822) and general correspondence (MS.6823).

Papers of Donald Hunter, 1910-1977. There are two large, parallel series of case files and reference files (section C) relating to a wide range of conditions, most but not all connected with occupational hazards and many being dermatological or osteopathic, as well as factory visit notes, correspondence, both personal and professional, publications, writings, and audio-visual material.

Commonplace book by Henry Holden (MS.2863), plus notes by A W J Haggis of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum (MS.8956) summarising the volume and comprising a contents list and some transcriptions.

Writings of Vernon Hall including an account of the development of anaesthesia in the Far East campaigns, Second World War; autobiography; histories of anaesthesia and of King's College Hospital Medical School, [1946-1990].

Papers and research notes of Alec Haggis relating to medical history. Many relate to Haggis's research into medical licensing in England and Wales prior to the Act of 1858.

Tape recording and transcript of H P Greenberg's memories of Richard Hunter and Ida Macalpine and his correspondence with them; obituaries of, articles by, reviews of Hunter and Macalpine and Hunter's job applications, 1950-1996.

Papers of Dr Brian Gough, 1920s-1990s, comprising personal, professional and patient correspondence, including material about local institutions with which he was involved, and on his interests in medical history.

Papers of Rickman Godlee as a student comprising notes of lectures given by Thomas Huxley, sketches of anatomical dissections, and volume on surgery for the anniversary of University College London, 1867-1924.

Notes and reports by Catherine Georgievsky, chiefly on Czechoslovakia comprising, reports on medical history collection and museums in Czechoslovakia, inspected over three visits, 1933-1935; notes on Dr John Dee (1527-1608) and Edward Kelley (1555-1597), with particular regard to their stay in Bohmeia (establishing Kelley's date of death as 1597 and not 1595), 1932-1935; notes on watering places of Czechoslovakia, 1932-1935; Letterbook recording letters sent from Prague concerning acquisitions, 1932-1933; notes on Prague: report on Franzensbad: St John Nepomuk: 2 copies (second lacking note on St John Nepomuk), 1932.

Research notes and drafts relating to two major works by Fraser-Harris. MSS.8109-8112, 8114-8120 and 8122 relate to the history of antisepsis and the essay 'Antiseptics before Lister: a historico-medical survey', which was the Prize Essay in the History of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 1932/3. MSS.8236-8255 and 8968-8989 relate to The History and Lore of Cymric Medicine, a proposed Wellcome Historical Medical Museum study that was never published. Wellcome and Fraser-Harris died close to one another and the momentum of the project was lost.