Hechaluz, was an umbrella organisation founded in 1917 to propagate the settlement of Jews from the Diaspora to Kibbutzim in Palestine.
The Laterndl theatre opened on 21 June 1939 at the address of the Austrian Centre, 126 Westbourne Terrace. It was conceived of as a Kleinkunstbühne. Kleinkunst was a term created in the 1930s for a type of anti-Nazi cabaret. It is described as being at the serious end of the comic market, and whilst it included many of the elements common to cabaret, it didn't include the more frivolous and bohemian.
Martin Miller was responsible for production as well as being one of the main character actors. The writers were Franz Hartl, Hugo Königsgarten, Rudolf Spitz, and Hans Weigel. Kurt Manschinger dealt with the music, décor was by Carl Josefovics and costumes by Käthe Berl. The actors were Lona Cross, Greta Hartwig, Willy Kennedy, Jaro Klüger, Fritz Schrecker, Sylvia Steiner and Marianne Walla.
The theatre moved to 153 Finchley Road and then to 69 Eton Avenue by November 1941. One of the most famous achievements associated with 'das Laterndl' was the Martin Miller's spoof Hitler broadcast on April Fools' Day, 1940, in which Hitler claimed that Columbus had discovered America with the aid of German science, giving Germany territorial claim. A text of the speech is included in this collection.
The Reischsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland (Reich Organisation of German Jews) came into being in February 1939 and, as far as its leadership and basic purposes was concerned, was a continuation of its predecessor, the Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland. As a result of the intensification of the Third Reich's anti-semitic policies, its aims were increasingly linked to Jewish survival, and in particular, emigration. It was put under the control of the Ministry of the Interior, in practice the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office). It was the only organisation in Germany dealing with Jewish survival until its liquidation in July 1943 when its leaders, Leo Baeck and Paul Eppstein were deported to Theresienstadt.
The Cohn and Baer families were Berlin Jews during the Third Reich.
Otto Löwenstein was Jewish but his wife was not. He died in prison, 1938, though it is not known why he was sent there.
Charlotte Lewin was born in Breslau in 1892. She went to school there and passed an examination to become a teacher of English and French in 1912. Soon afterwards she spent 18 months in England in order to improve her English. On her return to Breslau she worked as a secretary at the American Consulate until 1917 when diplomatic relations with the USA were broken. After a short period working as a librarian at the Breslau municipal library she went on to work in the archives and library at Breslau University Department of Economics.
She took over the running of her father's textile business along with an associate in 1923, her father having died in 1921. During this time she continued to teach and study the English language.
In October 1936 she was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment for making defamatory comments about Goebbels after the latter had come to Breslau to give a lecture. After her release 7 months later she began to make plans to leave Germany. She arrived in England in March 1938. In London and later Darlington she worked for HM Forces Education Department as a German language teacher.
Kurt Josef Waldheim was born 1918; served in the Wehrmacht, 1941-1945; squad leader, Eastern Front, 1941; interpreter and liaison officer with the Italian 5th division (Pusteria), Apr-May 1942; O2 officer (communications) with the Kampfgruppe West Bosnia, Jun-Aug 1942; interpreter with the liaison staff attached to the 9th Italian Army in Tirana, early summer 1942; O1 officer in the German liaison staff with the 11th Italian Army and in the staff of the Army Group South Greece in Jul-Oct 1943; O3 officer on the staff of Army Group E in Arksali, Mitrovica and Sarajevo, Oct 1943-Feb 1945; Austrian diplomatic service, 1945-1972; Secretary-General of the United Nations, 1972-1981; President of Austria, 1986-1992; died 2007.
In early 1986 when Waldheim's candidacy for the office of Federal President of Austria was made known his service as a Wehrmacht intelligence officer during World War Two caused an international controversy. A Thames Television documentary was made on Kurt Waldheim's role during the War. The programme takes the form of a commission of enquiry presided over by 5 distinguished European judges in which evidence of Waldheim's wartime duties and activities is subjected to scrutiny by lawyers. The object of the exercise is to ascertain whether or not Waldheim should be answerable to charges of certain war crimes. Testimony is taken from a number of historians and lawyers and eyewitnesses. The unanimous conclusion of the commission is that Waldheim should not have to answer charges for war crimes.
Michael Zylberberg was born in Plotsk, Poland, 1906, into a rabbinical family. He qualified to teach Hebraic history and literature in Warsaw and proceeded to work in a number of schools there, 1933-1939. After the outbreak of World War Two he was active in the Warsaw ghetto organising illegal schools for thousands of homeless children. After the Warsaw ghetto rising in 1943 he managed to escape to the Aryan side of Warsaw, where he lived for 2 years passing off as a Christian.
Years after the end of the war he was contacted by someone who had discovered his manuscript diary and notes. He published his diary under the title A Warsaw Diary in 1969. He also contributed many articles and book reviews on the subject of the Holocaust to the Jewish Chronicle.
He became secretary of the British section of the Yivo Institute, and was a member of the Association of Jewish Journalists and of the World Jewish Congress. He died in 1971.
The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) grew from organisations founded in 1881 to assist Jewish migrants arriving at Ellis Island, USA. During World War Two HIAS provided immigration and refugee services. After the war, HIAS was instrumental in evacuating the displaced persons camps and aiding in the resettlement of some 150,000 people in 330 U.S. communities, as well as Canada, Australia and South America. More recently, since the mid-70s, HIAS has helped more than 300,000 Jewish refugees from the former Soviet Union and its successor states escape persecution and rebuild new lives in the United States. As the migration arm of the organised American Jewish community, HIAS also advocates on behalf of refugees and migrants on the international, national and community level.
These three unrelated documents are evidence of anti-Semitic measures taken by the Nazis.
Louis Löwenthal, was a Jewish travelling salesman, in Berlin and other locations in Germany.
Reports by Hungarian Foreign Office officials of meetings and discussions with British foreign office officials and secret service agents shed some light on the background to relations between the two countries immediately before and during World War Two.
Delegacíon de Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas, originally called the Comite contra el Racismo y el Antisemitismo de la Argentina, was an umbrella organisation was founded in July 1935 for all important Jewish bodies in Argentina apart from the communists.
Hilfsverein Deutschsprechender Juden was founded by seven members of the German Jewish immigrant community of Buenos Aires who had been ostracized by Buenos Aires' non-Jewish 'German Colony'. The organisation assisted German Jewish immigrants who could no longer rely on the support of the German non-Jewish institutions many of which had succumbed to Nazi antisemitic propaganda.
Comite contra el Racismo y el Antisemitismo de la Argentina was founded by Argentine Jews in December 1934, comprising delegates from the major Jewish organisations and supported by the Jewish Colonization Association.
Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie was a German conglomerate of companies formed in 1925 - many produced dyes, but soon later turning to advanced chemistry. IG Farben was founded as a reaction to Germany's defeat in World War One and held a monopoly on chemical production. During the National Socialist regime, it manufactured Zyklon B, a poison used for delousing, and later used as the lethal agent in the gas chambers of the death camps of Auschwitz and Majdanek. The company was a major user of slave labour and as a result 13 directors of IG Farben were sentenced to prison terms between one and eight years before a US military tribunal at the Nuremberg Trials, following the IG Farben Trial (1947-1948). As a result, in 1951, the company was split up into the original constituent companies.
Siegfried Weiner was a Jewish lawyer who lived in Regensburg, Bavaria until October 1933, when the family emigrated to Palestine. The family later returned to Regensburg.
Catesbys Limited, a family firm, ran a shop on the west side of Tottenham Court Road, near to Goodge Street station (nos 64-71). It sold carpets, furniture, linens, hardware and pottery. The company was incorporated 27 May 1910.
Corbulin Ltd was based at 64 Tottenham Court Road and was linked to Catesbys Ltd in that the Catesby family were directors.
The General Hydraulic Power Company Limited, was formed in 1882, the date of incorporation being 29 June. It incorporated the Wharves and Warehouses Steam Power and Hydraulic Pressure Company, formed in 1872, which became the London Hydraulic Power Company in January 1884 (as authorised by the London Hydraulic Power Company Acts 1871 and 1884) and the Liverpool Hydraulic Power Company (authorised by the Liverpool Hydraulic Power Company Acts, 1884 and 1887). Registered Office in 1976: Renforth Street, Rotherhithe, London, SE16.
According to website "Subterranea Britannica" (accessed Oct 2009): The Wharves and Warehouses Steam Power and Hydraulic Pressure Company was formed in 1871 to operate in London's Docklands. In 1884 it became the London Hydraulic Power Company, providing hydraulic power over most of London, for the operation of lifts, cranes, presses and similar equipment. Central pumping plants supplied high pressure water to a pipe network, which was extended progressively up to 1939. Post war damage and electrification led to the decline of the Company. In 1981 control of the Company was acquired by a group led by Rothschilds, which recognised the importance of the pipe network for the coming generation of communications systems. The network of 150 miles of pipes, ducts and conduits was sold in 1985 to Mercury Communications Ltd, now owned by Cable and Wireless Ltd, and subsequently many miles of optical fibre cable have been laid in this network.
See http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/sites/h/hydraulic_power_in_london/index.shtml.
This collection also contains records of the predeccessor companies Wharves and Warehouses Steam Power and Hydraulic Pressure Company, London Hydraulic Power Company (which had pumping stations at Falcon Wharf, Rotherhithe, Wapping; City Road, Islington; and Grosvenor Road, Westminster) and Liverpool Hydraulic Power Company, and records of the following associated companies: Aldous Campbell Hypower Limited; Grosvenor Hypower Limited; Hatfield Insurance Company Limited (of 19 Hatfields, London, SE1); Hypower Limited; and De Trafford Estate Company.
Three successive architects' businesses worked country-wide from the 1880s for a 40 year period: Hodgson Fowler, Durham City; Wood, late Hodgson Fowler, Newcastle upon Tyne and Durham; Wood and Oakley, Newcastle upon Tyne.
Justice and Pattenden were a small solicitor's practice based in Bernard Street, Holborn. The partnership dealt with general legal matters concerning property, family and estate matters and was listed in the Post Office London directories from 1849 until 1939.
According to the 1930 Post Office London Directory, Merry and Company were run by E Merry Owen and Arthur Trepess. They were based at 4 Saint James's Street, Piccadilly, SW1.
The City of London Gas Light and Coke Company was founded in 1817, with offices at Salisbury Square, off Fleet Street. The company had Gas Works at Dorset Street, Blackfriars; Fetter Lane, Aldgate and Whitechapel. It was taken over by the Chartered Gas Light and Coke Company in 1870.
The Ratcliff Gas Light and Coke Company was incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1823-24 (George IV cap. 98), which was later consolidated and amended in 1855 (18-19 Victoria, cap. 12). ). The Company merged with the East London Gas Light Company (1831-1835). It was later amalgamated with the Commercial Gas Company, 1875 (38-39 Victoria, cap. 200).
North Thames Gas Board (1949-1973) was one of 12 Area Boards formed when the gas industry was nationalised in 1949, following the passing of the 1948 Gas Bill. Supplied area of 1,059 square miles stretching from Bracknell, Marlow and High Wycombe to the south east coast of Essex. When formed it was made up of a merger of 12 statutory gas undertakings: Ascot and District Gas and Electricity Company, Chertsey Gas Consumers Company; Commercial Gas Company; (Chartered) Gas Light and Coke Company; Hornsey Gas Company; Lea Bridge District Gas Company; North Middlesex Gas Company; Romford Gas Company; Slough Gas and Coke Company; Southend Corporation (Shoeburyness); Uxbridge Gas Consumers Company and Windsor Royal Gas Light Company. The North Thames Gas Board was dissolved in 1973 when it became a region of the British Gas Corporation.
The Phoenix Gas Light and Coke Company was incorporated by Act of Parliament (5 Geo.IV, c. lxxviii) in 1824. The Company served Southwark, Brixton, Deptford and Greenwich. It was amalgamated with the South Metropolitan Gas Light and Coke Company in 1876.
The South Metropolitan Gas Light and Coke Company was founded in 1834 to serve Southwark and other places in what was then Surrey and Kent. The following companies were amalgamated with the South Metropolitan: Surrey Consumers, 1879 (established 1854); Phoenix, 1880 (established 1824); Woolwich, Charlton and Plumstead, 1884 (established 1855); Woolwich Equitable, 1884 (established 1855). The Company was nationalised in 1949 and placed under the control of the South Eastern Gas Board.
The Equitable Gas Light Company was formed in 1831, with the purpose of supplying Westminster and the western suburbs of London. The Deed of Settlement is dated 1833, and the Company was incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1842 (5 + 6 Victoria, cap. 36). The Company had gas works at Pimlico. It was amalgamated with the Chartered Gas Light and Coke Company in 1871.
The North Woolwich Undertaking was founded in 1850. It was taken over in 1858 by the Victoria Docks Gas Company, which was in turn taken over by the Gas Light and Coke Company in 1871.
Battersea Bridge was built in 1771-2. It was constructed from wood to the designs of Henry Holland to replace the ferry between Chelsea and Battersea. The bridge was demolished in 1881 as boats often collided with the piers, but it had already contributed to the growth of Chelsea from a village to a small town. The present bridge with cast iron arches and designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette was erected 1886-90.
Meetings of the Proprietors took place at the Somerset Coffee House in the Strand, at the White Horse, Mrs Anderson's, or Don Saltero's Coffee House - all in Chelsea, at the Rainbow Coffee House, Cornhill, the Salopian Coffee House, Charing Cross, and frequently on the site at the Ferry House in Battersea.
The South London Gas Light and Coke Company was founded in 1814 to serve Southwark, places in the East Half Hundred of Brixton, and Southwark Bridge. Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 1 and 2 Geo IV, cLI, 1821. Works etc. transferred to Phoenix Gas Light and Coke Company, 1824 becoming the United South London and Phoenix Gas Companies. In 1823 the South London approached the Court of the Chartered Company with a view to taking over their area south of the Thames. Agreement was reached in 1825 that the Phoenix should pay £5,000 for the mains and right to supply with the proviso that the Chartered could re-enter Surrey and buy back the mains at any time. Phoenix merged with the South Metropolitan Gas Light and Coke Company in 1880.
The South Metropolitan Gas Light and Coke Company was founded in 1834 to serve Southwark and other places in what was then Surrey and Kent.
The following companies were amalgamated with the South Metropolitan: Surrey Consumers, 1879 (established 1854); Phoenix, 1880 (established 1824); Woolwich, Charlton and Plumstead, 1884 (established 1855); Woolwich Equitable, 1884 (established 1855).
The Company was nationalised in 1949 and placed under the control of the South Eastern Gas Board. It was the sole trustee of the South Metropolitan Gas Company's Officers' Pension Fund. It was wound up voluntarily, as the Pension Fund was wound up, on 1 April 1964 in accordance with the Gas (Superannuation Schemes) (Winding Up) Regulations, 1964.
The Woolwich Equitable Gas Company was formed in 1832. Dissension about the price of gas in Woolwich led in March 1844 to the formation of the Woolwich Consumers Protective Gas Company with gasworks fronting the River Thames at Hog Lane. The company was incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1855 (18 and 19 Victc.ii) as the Woolwich, Plumstead and Charlton Consumers Gas Company. Around 1862 it moved to new works in Glass Yard, Woolwich. In 1884 both the Woolwich, Plumstead and Charlton Consumers Gas Company and the Woolwich Equitable Gas Light and Coke Company were amalgamated with the South Metropolitan Gas Light and Coke Company.
The Wandsworth, Wimbledon, Epsom and District Gas Company was formed in 1913 as the amalgamated company of the Wandsworth and Putney Gas Light and Coke Company, the Mitcham and Wimbledon District Gas Light Company, and the Epsom and Ewell Gas Company by 2 and 3 geo.V, c.xlvii, Wandsworth Wimbledon and Epsom District Gas Act 1912.
In 1930 the company amalgamated with the Kingston Upon Thames Gas Company and then the Sutton Gas Company in 1931 when the name changed to the Wandsworth and District Gas Company. In 1949, was nationalised and placed under the control of the South Eastern Gas Board.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan was born in 1751 in Dublin, his father an actor and his mother a playwright and novelist. He went to live in England with his family in 1759. In 1773 he married Elizabeth Linley, a famous singer, daughter of musician Thomas Linley who had worked with Sheridan's father on some productions. Sheridan was studying law at Middle Temple but gave this up soon after his marriage. His play The Rivals was premiered in 1775. In 1776 Sheridan, Thomas Linley and man-midwife Dr James Ford raised £55,000 to buy David Garrick's controlling share in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. Sheridan's play The School for Scandal premiered in 1777.
Sheridan's success as a playwright and his wife's private concerts had allowed him to make friends with various nobility and influential people. In 1780, aided by his new friends, Sheridan began a political career, being elected Member of Parliament for Stafford. He left the management of the theatre largely to his wife and father-in-law. Elizabeth died in 1792, although Sheridan later remarried.
Between 1791 and 1794 the Theatre Royal was rebuilt. Sheridan was not good at managing his finances and was forced to sell 3000 renters shares in the Theatre in order to buy himself and his new wife a home. The Theatre was more successful when actor-manager John Philip Kemble and actress Sarah Siddons were the stars, but after they left in 1802 the Theatre's hey-day was over, culminating in a fire which destroyed the building in 1807. Sheridan sold his share in the Theatre to brewer Samuel Whitbread who took over the rebuilding of the theatre. Despite receiving some money from Whitbread Sheridan was arrested for debt in 1813 and 1815, and was forced to sell many of his possessions. He died in 1816 and was buried in Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey.
The County Courts as they now exist have their origins in the County Courts Act 1846 with modifications etc under the County Courts Acts of 1888 and 1934. The area of jurisdiction of each court is set from time to time by the Lord Chancellor.
The original jurisdiction of the courts included claims of debt or for damages (except for libel, slander, seduction and breach of promise) not exceeding £400; claims for recovery of land (less than £100 rateable value); claims for the administration of estates, execution of trusts, foreclosure, redemption of mortgages; matters regarding the maintenance of infants, dissolution of partnerships, relief against fraud or mistake where the value of the estates or property etc was not more than £500; contentious business in probate and administration matters where the estate was less than £1000.
The courts have had varied and extensive jurisdictions under numerous Acts including questions between husband and wife under the Married Women's Property Act 1882 and compensation for injured workmen by employers under the Workmen's Compensation Acts 1897 and 1925.
More recent decisions and judgements of County Courts can be found at the Registrar for County Court Judgements, Cleveland Street, London W1.
Address of Woolwich County Court: Powis Street, SE18.
District of the Court: Woolwich, Greenwich, and parts of Deptford. Please see Post Office Directories (available in the LMA History Library) for lists of County Courts existing at any one time together with an account of the area covered by each court.
The Ancient Society of College Youths is a bell-ringing society, though little is known for certain of its history. It was founded in 1637, and appears to have been based at first at St Martin Vintry, in the City of London, and to have taken its name from the college founded in the fifteenth century in College Hill nearby.
It is thought to have been based subsequently at St Bride Fleet Street, at St Martin in the Fields (from 1735), at St Saviour Southwark (from 1849) and at St Paul's Cathedral (from 1878), though it rang peals throughout London and the home counties.
The Society appears to have drawn its members from the ranks of the aristocracy and well-to-do professional classes. This much is apparent from the "Name books" or registers of members (Ms 21656).
The principal object of the society was the provision of Anglican evangelical clergymen, missionaries and schoolteachers for territories of the British Empire and Commonwealth overseas, and for communities of British residents on the continent of Europe.
The society was founded in January 1851 by the uniting of two earlier societies. The first of these was the Colonial Church Society established in 1835 as Western Australia Missionary Society. Its name changed in 1836 to Australian Church Missionary Society, and in 1838 to Colonial Church Society. Its address at the time of the merger was 5 Exeter Hall, Strand.
The second was the Newfoundland School Society established in 1823. Its name changed in 1829 to the Newfoundland and British North American Society for the Education of the Poor, and in 1846 to Church of England Society for the Education of the Poor in Newfoundland and the Colonies, but it was still frequently referred to as the Newfoundland School Society until 1850. Its address at the time of the merger was 4 Exeter Hall, Strand.
The united society was known as the Colonial Church and School Society from 1851 to 1861, the Colonial and Continental Church Society from 1861 to 1958, and the Commonwealth and Continental Church Society from 1958 to 1979. In 1979 its name was changed to the Intercontinental Church Society.
The Society's address was 4 Serjeants Inn, Fleet Street (1851-4); 9 Serjeants Inn, Fleet Street (1855-1941); 6 Salisbury Square EC4 (1942-5); 13 Victoria Street SW1 (1946-59); 7 York Buildings WC2 (1960-74); and 175 Tower Bridge Road SE1 (from 1975).
The Society has operated in many parts of the world. The Newfoundland School Society was concerned solely with the provision of schools and schoolteachers in Newfoundland and (from 1838) other parts of Canada. The Colonial Church Society originally sent missionaries only to Australia, but its operations were extended to Canada in 1838, and to other British possessions, namely South Africa, the West Indies, Malta, India and Hong Kong, during the 1840s.
The Colonial Church Society first took an interest in continental Europe in 1839, when it offered assistance to a clergyman in Italy. During the 1840s its continental operations were extended to France and the Netherlands.
All these activities were taken over by the united Society in 1851. The continental work of the Society was extended to Germany and Switzerland in the 1850s, to Austria, Belgium, Spain and Turkey in the 1860s, and to Greece, Norway and Sweden in the 1870s.
The Society's colonial operations were extended to Mauritius in the 1850s, to Sierra Leone in the 1860s, to New Zealand in the 1870s, and to Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika in the 20th century.
The Institution was established in 1835. It provided, and continues to provide, pensions and assistance to people connected with the processing, wholesale and retail onshore fish and poultry trades in reduced circumstances. To this end it maintained almshouses at Wood Green, Middlesex from 1850 until after World War II. Part of the grounds of the almshouses were purchased in the 1890s by the Tottenham School Board. From 1869 the Institution also provided Home Pensions (i.e. pensions to those not resident in the almshouses) at £15 per annum.
The Society was formed in 1836, after a previous version, formed in 1828, had apparently been abandoned. Its original aims were: to provide a body of men and equipment (mostly forms of mobile fire escape) to be on hand to assist in rescues from fires; the examination of new inventions in, and the diffusion of information on, fire rescue and safety; and the bestowal of awards (medals, certificates or monetary gifts) for individual acts of bravery in rescuing victims from fire in London.
From 1837, under the patronage of Queen Victoria, the Society was known as the Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire, but on her death in 1901 royal patronage was withdrawn. Until 1881 annual or biannual general meetings were usually presided over by the Lord Mayor or other dignitary (in 1856 the Duke of Wellington).
In 1867 the responsibility for the fire escapes in London was transferred to the Metropolitan Board of Works, and the Society moved to provide equipment (but not manpower) to provincial towns and cities. In 1881 the Charity Commissioners were placed in charge of the appointment of trustees to run the Society, whose responsibilities were reduced merely to the granting of awards countrywide (although primarily in London).
The Society's committees originally met at a variety of locations in the City, before having a succession of bases on Ludgate Hill in the 1850s and 1860s. From 1868-73 they were based at Clifford's Inn Passage, Fleet Street; 1873-82 at 66 Ludgate Hill; 1882-1961 at 20 and then 26 New Bridge Street; and from 1961 until at least 1976 at Chichester House, High Holborn.
In 1793 a group of members of the licensed victualling trade decided to form themselves into a friendly society for the mutual benefit of publicans and the relief of sick, infirm and distressed members of the licensed victualling trade and their families. A formal agreement of association was signed on 3 February 1794 which was subsequently incorporated by royal charter on 3 May 1836.
The Society established its own daily newspaper, the Morning Advertiser, in order to promote its interests and to add to its funds. The first issue was launched from its offices in Catherine Street, the Strand on 8 February 1794. In 1815, after 21 years of regular publication, the offices and works were moved to 127 Fleet Street where they remained until 1927 when new premises were acquired in St Andrew Street, London EC4.
By 1802, the Society had acquired sufficient funds to establish a school in Kennington Lane for children of distressed, decayed and deceased members of the licensed victualling trade. New premises were built in 1837 on freehold land adjacent to the old site and, in 1921, the school removed to Slough, Buckinghamshire, where it remains.
The Society of Licensed Victuallers' offices moved to 57 Effra Road, London SW2 in 1975.
Aldersgate Ward Club was founded in 1860 as the Aldersgate Ward Past Officers' Club, and was revived in 1909 as Aldersgate Ward Club. In 1972 it instigated an Annual Luncheon for the Lord Mayor. Lady members were first accepted in 1975.
The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council. The Aldersgate ward is bounded by Aldersgate Street, Beech Street, Noble Street, Angel Street, King Edward Street and Montague Street, and includes the Barbican Estate.
The Bouverie Street Society (renamed the Bouverie Society in 1889) was established in 1801 at the Queen's Head tavern, Holborn, as a dining and debating society for master pawnbrokers. It was dissolved in 1948, owing to lack of support, when its property was sold and the proceeds transferred to the Pawnbrokers' Charitable Institution.
A 'factory' in this context is an establishment for traders carrying on business in a foreign country or a merchant company's trading station. The Factory often included a chapel and chaplain so that merchants could attend English language, Protestant worship.
This Association was based at the Dutch Church at Austin Friars, which was founded in 1550 by royal charter.
The City of London was divided into wards for the purpose of government as early as Norman times. The wards had responsibility to keep the peace, supervise trade and oversee sanitation, and each ward has the right to elect an Alderman and Commoners to sit in the Court of Common Council. The Cripplegate ward lies at the north of the City and is both within and without the City wall. The ward contained seven City parish churches: St Mary Aldermanbury, St Alban Wood Street, St Olave Silver Street, St Alphage London Wall, St Michael Wood Street, St Giles Cripplegate and St Mary Magdalen Milk Street.
Also known as the Conservative Club of Members of the Corporation. It met at the George and Vulture, Cornhill.
The Friendly Society of Tradesmen met at the Belle Sauvage, Ludgate Hill and appears to have met only for betting and social purposes; it was not a "benevolent" friendly society.
Established to mine in Nova Scotia and North America, the Association arose out of the General South American Mining Association originally proposed in 1825 to mine in Brazil.
The club met in Hoxton, but its membership included many City figures. It was wound up in 1880.
In 1953 the Vintners' Company and the Wine and Spirit Association founded the qualification 'Master of Wine', awarded to those who passed a rigorous exam. The aim was to improve the standard of the British wine trade and promote professional excellence. The Institute was founded in 1955 by those who passed the first exam. It is now an independent body which runs the education programme and administers the Master of Wine exams.
The International Wine and Food Society was founded in London in 1933 by Andre Simon, intended as a dining society for enthusiasts who were not professionally connected to the wine and food trade. By 1934 branches had been founded in the United States, and later in Australia and South Africa.
The Society was based at 32 New North Road, Blackfriars (1846-55) and 21 Fleet Street (1856-84). In 1884 it was acquired by Guardian Fire and Life Assurance Company, later Guardian Assurance Company Ltd.
According to the donor, these notes were probably compiled by journalists working on the Evening News, a daily paper published in London between 1881 and 1980.